1.
New Jersey Route 139
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The lower roadway is listed on the federal and NJ state registers of historic places since 2005. The eastern 1.32 miles of the route includes the Holland Tunnel approach that runs concurrent with Interstate 78 on the pair of 12th Street eastbound. Including the concurrency, the length of Route 139 is 2.77 miles. What is now Route 139 was originally the northernmost part of the Route 1 Extension, Route 25 replaced Route 1 in the 1927 renumbering. In 1953 renumbering, Route 25 was changed back to U. S. Route 1, Route 25 from the Pulaski Skyway over Tonnele Circle to the Holland Tunnel became U. S. Route 1/9 Business. By the 1990s, U. S. Route 1/9 Business was replaced by Route 139, the New Jersey Department of Transportation began a rehabilitation program for the lower and upper levels of the highway in 2005. The renovation work for the 12th Street and 14th Street viaducts was completed in 2010, renovation of the upper roadway, including the Hoboken Avenue Viaduct, and Conrail Viaduct on the lower roadway is expected to be completed by 2016. Route 139 is essentially three distinct, but connected highways, the level, the lower level, and the Holland Tunnel approach. The lower level of Route 139 is a freeway with its western end at U. S. Route 1/9 a continuation of the Pulaski Skyway over Tonnele Circle. Northbound U. S. Route 1/9 Truck connects through the circle to eastbound traffic, the skyway soon ends with eastbound and westbound ramps at a cut in Bergen Hill and the four-lane highway passes under John F. Kennedy Boulevard. The road turns to the southeast as the Conrail Viaduct crosses over Bergen Arches and it then runs under the upper level of Route 139 as it passes through the Hudson Palisades and is known as the Depressed Highway. The covered roadway is naturally ventilated with wide openings on the side of the eastbound lanes. The road re-emerges under Palisade Avenue and splits into two viaducts that merge with Interstate 78 just west of Jersey Avenue at the Holland Tunnel approach, the upper level of Route 139 begins at an intersection with County Route 501, which connects to Bayonne and Union City. The road heads to the southeast through residential and commercial areas as a four-lane undivided road. Just past this, the route becomes a divided road. It continues between the Heights district to the north and the Journal Square district to the south and it crosses several streets, including County Route 646, County Route 617, County Route 663, and County Route 644. The road meets Concord Street, where there is a left lane exit. The four-lane 12th Street and 14th Street viaducts, completed in 1927 and 1951 respectively, ramps from western end of 12th Street Viaduct connect to the upper level roadway at the top of Bergen Hill at the Palisades Avenue intersection
2.
Route number
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The numbers chosen may be used solely for internal administrative purposes, however, in most cases they are also displayed on roadside signage and indicated on maps. In the United Kingdom, the number consists of a letter followed by a number of up to 4 digits. For example, the main road from London to Edinburgh is called the A1. The A2, A3, A4, A5, A6 also radiate out from London to points around the coast, all classified roads starting in the zone between the A1 and the A2 begin with the figure 1, etc. Scotland is similarly divided into zones by the A7, A8, motorways are marked by an M, for example the M25, which forms a ring road around London. Motorways are fast freeways and are larger than A roads. Motorways follow different zoning and numbering systems from A and B roads, a similar clock-face zonal system is used in many other European countries. Common route number used in the United States In the United States. There are two national-level route numbering systems, the older United States Numbered Highway System laid out in 1920s, additionally, every state in the U. S. maintains its own set of numbered state highways. Some states have other systems as well, either a system of numbered county highways or secondary state highways, a few cities also have numbered city highways, for example, the city of Charlotte, North Carolina, maintains Charlotte Route 4. The U. S. Highway System, indicated by a shield with black numbers, is based on a numbering grid, with odd routes running generally north–south. Primary routes have a one- or two-digit number, and are supplemented by spur routes that add a digit to their parent route. Routes increase from east-to-west and north-to-south, such that U. S. Route 1 follows the Atlantic Seaboard fall line, likewise U. S. Route 2 runs near the Canadian border, while U. S. Route 98 follows the Gulf Coast. Major cross-country routes end in either a 1 or a 0, Routes like U. S. Route 141 and U. S. Route 441 branch off U. S. Route 41. The now defunct U. S. Route 66, known as the Mother Road, was a cultural touchstone that inspired literature, songs, the Interstate Highway System, indicated by a red and blue shield with white numbers, is a system of entirely freeways. The Interstate System is also based on a grid, with east–west routes bearing even numbers, like with U. S. Highways, subsidiary routes are numbered by adding a hundreds digit to the parent route. Because of the number of these routes, three-digit numbers may be repeated within the system. The numbering system for state highways varies widely from state to state, each state decides how to number its own routes
3.
New Zealand
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New Zealand /njuːˈziːlənd/ is an island nation in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. The country geographically comprises two main landmasses—the North Island, or Te Ika-a-Māui, and the South Island, or Te Waipounamu—and around 600 smaller islands. New Zealand is situated some 1,500 kilometres east of Australia across the Tasman Sea and roughly 1,000 kilometres south of the Pacific island areas of New Caledonia, Fiji, because of its remoteness, it was one of the last lands to be settled by humans. During its long period of isolation, New Zealand developed a distinct biodiversity of animal, fungal, the countrys varied topography and its sharp mountain peaks, such as the Southern Alps, owe much to the tectonic uplift of land and volcanic eruptions. New Zealands capital city is Wellington, while its most populous city is Auckland, sometime between 1250 and 1300 CE, Polynesians settled in the islands that later were named New Zealand and developed a distinctive Māori culture. In 1642, Dutch explorer Abel Tasman became the first European to sight New Zealand, in 1840, representatives of Britain and Māori chiefs signed the Treaty of Waitangi, which declared British sovereignty over the islands. In 1841, New Zealand became a colony within the British Empire, today, the majority of New Zealands population of 4.7 million is of European descent, the indigenous Māori are the largest minority, followed by Asians and Pacific Islanders. Reflecting this, New Zealands culture is derived from Māori and early British settlers. The official languages are English, Māori and New Zealand Sign Language, New Zealand is a developed country and ranks highly in international comparisons of national performance, such as health, education, economic freedom and quality of life. Since the 1980s, New Zealand has transformed from an agrarian, Queen Elizabeth II is the countrys head of state and is represented by a governor-general. In addition, New Zealand is organised into 11 regional councils and 67 territorial authorities for local government purposes, the Realm of New Zealand also includes Tokelau, the Cook Islands and Niue, and the Ross Dependency, which is New Zealands territorial claim in Antarctica. New Zealand is a member of the United Nations, Commonwealth of Nations, ANZUS, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Pacific Islands Forum, and Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation. Dutch explorer Abel Tasman sighted New Zealand in 1642 and called it Staten Landt, in 1645, Dutch cartographers renamed the land Nova Zeelandia after the Dutch province of Zeeland. British explorer James Cook subsequently anglicised the name to New Zealand, Aotearoa is the current Māori name for New Zealand. It is unknown whether Māori had a name for the country before the arrival of Europeans. Māori had several names for the two main islands, including Te Ika-a-Māui for the North Island and Te Waipounamu or Te Waka o Aoraki for the South Island. Early European maps labelled the islands North, Middle and South, in 1830, maps began to use North and South to distinguish the two largest islands and by 1907, this was the accepted norm. The New Zealand Geographic Board discovered in 2009 that the names of the North Island and South Island had never been formalised and this set the names as North Island or Te Ika-a-Māui, and South Island or Te Waipounamu
4.
Australia
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Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and numerous smaller islands. It is the worlds sixth-largest country by total area, the neighbouring countries are Papua New Guinea, Indonesia and East Timor to the north, the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu to the north-east, and New Zealand to the south-east. Australias capital is Canberra, and its largest urban area is Sydney, for about 50,000 years before the first British settlement in the late 18th century, Australia was inhabited by indigenous Australians, who spoke languages classifiable into roughly 250 groups. The population grew steadily in subsequent decades, and by the 1850s most of the continent had been explored, on 1 January 1901, the six colonies federated, forming the Commonwealth of Australia. Australia has since maintained a liberal democratic political system that functions as a federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy comprising six states. The population of 24 million is highly urbanised and heavily concentrated on the eastern seaboard, Australia has the worlds 13th-largest economy and ninth-highest per capita income. With the second-highest human development index globally, the country highly in quality of life, health, education, economic freedom. The name Australia is derived from the Latin Terra Australis a name used for putative lands in the southern hemisphere since ancient times, the Dutch adjectival form Australische was used in a Dutch book in Batavia in 1638, to refer to the newly discovered lands to the south. On 12 December 1817, Macquarie recommended to the Colonial Office that it be formally adopted, in 1824, the Admiralty agreed that the continent should be known officially as Australia. The first official published use of the term Australia came with the 1830 publication of The Australia Directory and these first inhabitants may have been ancestors of modern Indigenous Australians. The Torres Strait Islanders, ethnically Melanesian, were originally horticulturists, the northern coasts and waters of Australia were visited sporadically by fishermen from Maritime Southeast Asia. The first recorded European sighting of the Australian mainland, and the first recorded European landfall on the Australian continent, are attributed to the Dutch. The first ship and crew to chart the Australian coast and meet with Aboriginal people was the Duyfken captained by Dutch navigator, Willem Janszoon. He sighted the coast of Cape York Peninsula in early 1606, the Dutch charted the whole of the western and northern coastlines and named the island continent New Holland during the 17th century, but made no attempt at settlement. William Dampier, an English explorer and privateer, landed on the north-west coast of New Holland in 1688, in 1770, James Cook sailed along and mapped the east coast, which he named New South Wales and claimed for Great Britain. The first settlement led to the foundation of Sydney, and the exploration, a British settlement was established in Van Diemens Land, now known as Tasmania, in 1803, and it became a separate colony in 1825. The United Kingdom formally claimed the part of Western Australia in 1828. Separate colonies were carved from parts of New South Wales, South Australia in 1836, Victoria in 1851, the Northern Territory was founded in 1911 when it was excised from South Australia
5.
Decommissioned highway
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A decommissioned highway is a highway that has been removed from service, has been shut down, or has had its authorization as a national, provincial or state highway removed. Decommissioning can include the complete or partial demolition or abandonment of an old highway structure because the old roadway has lost its utility, decommissioning can also include the removal of one or more of the multiple designations of a single segment of highway. As an example, what remains as U. S. Route 60 between Wickenburg, Arizona and Phoenix, Arizona carried the routes of three US highways and one state highway, the highway remains a federal highway, but with fewer designations. Decommissioned highways are common in the United States, even in the early years of the United States Highway System, some highways had short lives as US highways especially if they were themselves short routes, such as the early US110 in Wisconsin. US6 was itself pared back to Bishop, California in the Great Renumbering of California in 1964. As the states build freeways as a new classification of highways, the state may strip the old highway of its old designation as a numbered highway or downgrade it to a lesser status. For example, US66, which connected Los Angeles and Chicago from 1926 until 1972, lost its designation as a U. S. Highway in favor of faster, more direct Interstate highways, which had supplanted it. US33 in Lancaster, Ohio was signed as US33 Business following relocation of U. S. Route 33, other highways have been wholly decommissioned in favor of newer Interstate routes, as was the case with Texas State Highway 9. On the other hand, some routes are devolved to authorities, as with US61 in Minnesota. At the extreme a decommissioned route may be demolished, as was done with California State Route 480, once part of the Interstate Highway System, it required retrofitting to remain in service after the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake to remain in use, instead the highway was demolished. A decommissioned route may also find other use besides automobile use, even as superhighways supplant older surface routes as through routes, some historical highways get attention from those with antiquarian interests in the continued recognition of such routes. Many of Quebecs Autoroutes supplant old through routes, most become local or county roads, in some cases a section of the old road would be retained as part of some other provincial highway because it reaches a major town the new road had bypassed. In 1997 and 1998, the province of Ontario undertook a major highway decommissioning project, most of the former highways are now numbered as county roads. See also List of former provincial highways in Ontario, the 1000 Islands Parkway in Ontario was originally four lanes and part of Ontario Highway 401, Canadas busiest highway, before 401 traffic was bypassed inland on completion of that freeway in 1968. Two of the lanes are maintained for automobile traffic by the St. Lawrence Parks Commission but the other pair have been replaced with footpaths. In Germany, many Autobahns supplant an older route, as in Bundesstraße 60. In the Republic of Ireland, National Primary Routes are often realigned after the construction of new motorway sections, the old route thus loses its national route status and is usually redesignated as a Regional Road. Route 66 winds its way through Americas history, Route 66 still a classic American trek
6.
Rodovia Raposo Tavares
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Rodovia Raposo Tavares is the longest highway in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, with 654 km. It receives the Castelo Branco Highway at Ourinhos, the highway was named in honour of António Raposo Tavares, one of the leading bandeirantes. It is managed and maintained in its first 120 km by a concession to private company ViaOeste. The remainder of the highway is maintained by the State of São Paulos Department of Roads, Highway system of São Paulo Brazilian Highway System
7.
Brazil
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Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. As the worlds fifth-largest country by area and population, it is the largest country to have Portuguese as an official language. Its Amazon River basin includes a vast tropical forest, home to wildlife, a variety of ecological systems. This unique environmental heritage makes Brazil one of 17 megadiverse countries, Brazil was inhabited by numerous tribal nations prior to the landing in 1500 of explorer Pedro Álvares Cabral, who claimed the area for the Portuguese Empire. Brazil remained a Portuguese colony until 1808, when the capital of the empire was transferred from Lisbon to Rio de Janeiro, in 1815, the colony was elevated to the rank of kingdom upon the formation of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves. Independence was achieved in 1822 with the creation of the Empire of Brazil, a state governed under a constitutional monarchy. The ratification of the first constitution in 1824 led to the formation of a bicameral legislature, the country became a presidential republic in 1889 following a military coup détat. An authoritarian military junta came to power in 1964 and ruled until 1985, Brazils current constitution, formulated in 1988, defines it as a democratic federal republic. The federation is composed of the union of the Federal District, the 26 states, Brazils economy is the worlds ninth-largest by nominal GDP and seventh-largest by GDP as of 2015. A member of the BRICS group, Brazil until 2010 had one of the worlds fastest growing economies, with its economic reforms giving the country new international recognition. Brazils national development bank plays an important role for the economic growth. Brazil is a member of the United Nations, the G20, BRICS, Unasul, Mercosul, Organization of American States, Organization of Ibero-American States, CPLP. Brazil is a power in Latin America and a middle power in international affairs. One of the worlds major breadbaskets, Brazil has been the largest producer of coffee for the last 150 years and it is likely that the word Brazil comes from the Portuguese word for brazilwood, a tree that once grew plentifully along the Brazilian coast. In Portuguese, brazilwood is called pau-brasil, with the word brasil commonly given the etymology red like an ember, formed from Latin brasa and the suffix -il. As brazilwood produces a red dye, it was highly valued by the European cloth industry and was the earliest commercially exploited product from Brazil. The popular appellation eclipsed and eventually supplanted the official Portuguese name, early sailors sometimes also called it the Land of Parrots. In the Guarani language, a language of Paraguay, Brazil is called Pindorama
8.
Numbered highways in Canada
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Numbered highways in Canada are split by province, and a majority are maintained by their province or territory transportation department. All highways in Canada are numbered except for three in the Northwest Territories, one in Alberta, one in Ontario, and one in Quebec, ontarios 7000 series are not marked with their highway number but have been assigned one by the Ministry of Transportation. A number of highways in all provinces are known locally by their name rather than their number. The territory of Nunavut has no highways and this is a breakdown of the classifications of highways in each province, and an example shield of each classification where available. Provincial highways in Newfoundland and Labrador are divided into three series, all eight are named and numbered 1-8. There are a number of roads and highways in Nunavut, none are yet numbered, there are currently fourteen territorial highways in Yukon. All fourteen are named and numbered 1-11, 14-15, &37
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