Statistical hypothesis test
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A statistical hypothesis test is a method of statistical inference used to decide whether the data provide sufficient evidence to reject a particular hypothesis. A statistical hypothesis test typicall
Suppose the data can be realized from an N(0,1) distribution. For example, with a chosen significance level α = 0.05, from the Z-table, a one-tailed critical value of approximately 1.645 can be obtained. The one-tailed critical value Cα ≈ 1.645 corresponds to the chosen significance level. The critical region [Cα, ∞) is realized as the tail of the standard normal distribution.
P-value
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In null-hypothesis significance testing, the p-value is the probability of obtaining test results at least as extreme as the result actually observed, under the assumption that the null hypothesis is
Statistical hypothesis test
…a calculation of a test statistic. Then a decision is made, either by comparing the test statistic to a critical value or equivalently by evaluating a p-value computed from the test statistic. Roughly 100 specialized statistical tests are in use. The goal of a hypothesis test is to establish whether certain…
John Arbuthnot
Pierre-Simon Laplace
Karl Pearson
Ronald Fisher