March, Breisgau
March is a municipality in the district of Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald in Baden-Württemberg in southern Germany. The four villages of Buchheim, Hugstetten and Holzhausen merged in 1973 to the new community of March; the coat of arms shows on the left side the cross of the Lorsch Abbey and on the right the silver bear of the Abbey of St. Gall in Switzerland. Both abbeys owned land in the area March. Konrad Stürtzel von Buchheim, was chancellor of Maximilian I of Habsburg Media related to March at Wikimedia Commons March official website
Badenweiler
Badenweiler is a health resort and spa in the Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald district of Baden-Württemberg, Germany in the Markgräflerland. It is 28 kilometers by road and rail from Basel, 10 kilometers from the French border, 20 kilometers from Mulhouse; the permanent population is about 600. Badenweiler lies at the western edge of the Black Forest, it is sheltered by the Blauen, 1,164 m, the climate is excellent. Its parish church was built at the foot of an 11th-century castle which belonged to the margraves of Baden and was destroyed by the French during the wars of Louis XV. Badenweiler is visited by some 5,000 people annually; some come for its warm mineral springs, with temperatures of 21 °C, others for its whey cure, still others on account of its equable climate and picturesque surroundings. There is a Kurhaus, built in 1853, a park of 15 acres containing a historic arboretum, as well as a grand-ducal castle, refitted in 1887–88. In 1784, well-preserved Roman baths were discovered there; the site where the present Protestant St. Paul's church is standing is a historic site, a religious place of worship in Roman times.
The Romans built here in the year AD 145 a large podium temple of which little remains. The temple stood on a "pile structure"; the temple builders drove sharpened oak piles into the loamy soil to secure the ground for this heavy building. The temple was Gallo-Roman with a classic-Italic main front placed on a monumental podium. On the ruins of the Roman temple a Christian church was built in the twelfth century; the church was in a bad state when it was demolished in 1892 and rebuilt as a Neo-Romanesque building between 1893 and 1898. In the course of the digging Roman walls and wall fragments of preceding church buildings were discovered and included in the construction of the new church. In the previous church's tower six 14th-century frescoes were discovered which are now in the choir of the present church, they show a so-called Dance of the Dead where dead meet. Three skeletons are bearing the inscription: "We were what you are, what we are you shall be." This is addressed to three living whose garments are corresponding to the fashion of the rich in the 14th century.
The Russian writer Anton Chekhov died there on 15 July 1904. From Badenweiler, Chekhov wrote outwardly jovial letters to his sister Masha describing the food and surroundings. Badenweiler became one of Chekhov's hometown Taganrog's sister cities in 2002; the American poet and journalist Stephen Crane died there on 15 June 1900 of tuberculosis. Ephraim Moses Lilien was an art nouveau illustrator and print-maker noted for his art on Jewish and Zionist themes, he is sometimes called the "first Zionist artist." The wife of the first prime minister of India Jawaharlal Nehru, Kamla Nehru was treated here for tuberculosis. Jawaharlal Nehru spent many days by his wife's side in Badenweiler to attend to her. Chisholm, Hugh, ed.. "Badenweiler". Encyclopædia Britannica. Cambridge University Press. Badenweiler — pictures & history Badenweiler in the Black Forest Badish pages: Badenweiler Castle Castillo Baden Castle Roman Thermae Church Article about the temple in the daily newspaper of 2 december 2009: Badenweiler - The Romans loved it
Ehrenkirchen
Ehrenkirchen is a municipality in the district of Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Five Municipalities – Kirchhofen, Scherzingen and Offnadingen – merged in 1973/74; the name of the new municipality, Ehrenkirchen, is an amalgam of Ehrenstetten and Kirchhofen
France
France the French Republic, is a country whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe and several overseas regions and territories. The metropolitan area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea, from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean, it is bordered by Belgium and Germany to the northeast and Italy to the east, Andorra and Spain to the south. The overseas territories include French Guiana in South America and several islands in the Atlantic and Indian oceans; the country's 18 integral regions span a combined area of 643,801 square kilometres and a total population of 67.3 million. France, a sovereign state, is a unitary semi-presidential republic with its capital in Paris, the country's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre. Other major urban areas include Lyon, Toulouse, Bordeaux and Nice. During the Iron Age, what is now metropolitan France was inhabited by a Celtic people. Rome annexed the area in 51 BC, holding it until the arrival of Germanic Franks in 476, who formed the Kingdom of Francia.
The Treaty of Verdun of 843 partitioned Francia into Middle Francia and West Francia. West Francia which became the Kingdom of France in 987 emerged as a major European power in the Late Middle Ages following its victory in the Hundred Years' War. During the Renaissance, French culture flourished and a global colonial empire was established, which by the 20th century would become the second largest in the world; the 16th century was dominated by religious civil wars between Protestants. France became Europe's dominant cultural and military power in the 17th century under Louis XIV. In the late 18th century, the French Revolution overthrew the absolute monarchy, established one of modern history's earliest republics, saw the drafting of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, which expresses the nation's ideals to this day. In the 19th century, Napoleon established the First French Empire, his subsequent Napoleonic Wars shaped the course of continental Europe. Following the collapse of the Empire, France endured a tumultuous succession of governments culminating with the establishment of the French Third Republic in 1870.
France was a major participant in World War I, from which it emerged victorious, was one of the Allies in World War II, but came under occupation by the Axis powers in 1940. Following liberation in 1944, a Fourth Republic was established and dissolved in the course of the Algerian War; the Fifth Republic, led by Charles de Gaulle, remains today. Algeria and nearly all the other colonies became independent in the 1960s and retained close economic and military connections with France. France has long been a global centre of art and philosophy, it hosts the world's fourth-largest number of UNESCO World Heritage Sites and is the leading tourist destination, receiving around 83 million foreign visitors annually. France is a developed country with the world's sixth-largest economy by nominal GDP, tenth-largest by purchasing power parity. In terms of aggregate household wealth, it ranks fourth in the world. France performs well in international rankings of education, health care, life expectancy, human development.
France is considered a great power in global affairs, being one of the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council with the power to veto and an official nuclear-weapon state. It is a leading member state of the European Union and the Eurozone, a member of the Group of 7, North Atlantic Treaty Organization, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, the World Trade Organization, La Francophonie. Applied to the whole Frankish Empire, the name "France" comes from the Latin "Francia", or "country of the Franks". Modern France is still named today "Francia" in Italian and Spanish, "Frankreich" in German and "Frankrijk" in Dutch, all of which have more or less the same historical meaning. There are various theories as to the origin of the name Frank. Following the precedents of Edward Gibbon and Jacob Grimm, the name of the Franks has been linked with the word frank in English, it has been suggested that the meaning of "free" was adopted because, after the conquest of Gaul, only Franks were free of taxation.
Another theory is that it is derived from the Proto-Germanic word frankon, which translates as javelin or lance as the throwing axe of the Franks was known as a francisca. However, it has been determined that these weapons were named because of their use by the Franks, not the other way around; the oldest traces of human life in what is now France date from 1.8 million years ago. Over the ensuing millennia, Humans were confronted by a harsh and variable climate, marked by several glacial eras. Early hominids led a nomadic hunter-gatherer life. France has a large number of decorated caves from the upper Palaeolithic era, including one of the most famous and best preserved, Lascaux. At the end of the last glacial period, the climate became milder. After strong demographic and agricultural development between the 4th and 3rd millennia, metallurgy appeared at the end of the 3rd millennium working gold and bronze, iron. France has numerous megalithic sites from the Neolithic period, including the exceptiona
Horben
Horben is a village in the district of Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald in Baden-Württemberg in Germany. Horben is located to the south of the city of Freiburg and east of the Hexental valley on the western slope of the Schauinsland mountain range, it lies between the mountains of "Illenberg" and "Eduardshöhe". The area is the source of the Selzenbach creeks. Horben is within the Southern Black Forest Nature park; because of its proximity to the city of Freiburg new housing areas have been developed in the districts Langackern and Bohrer. The average annual temperature at the foothills of the Black Forest is just over 9 degrees Celsius, the rainfalls reach annual average values between 900 and 950 mm, in the higher areas up to 1200 mm; the municipality of Horben includes the village itself and the hamlets of Bohrer, Langackern, Münzenried, Gerstenhalm. The neighbouring municipalities are the city of Freiburg and the municipalities of Au, Wittnau, Sölden and St. Ulrich in the Black Forest. Horben is part of the Municipal association of Hexental of Hexental.
The local elections on 7 June 2009 with a voter turnout of 72.7% had the following result: Horben belonged to the tithe district of Wittnau parish, ruled the Abbey of Saint Gall in Switzerland. Feudal landlords associated with the abbey, the "Lords of Horwen", are mentioned in 12th century documents and were reported as having a castle on "Horben Mountain"; the feudal rights over the village were held by various landlords before being acquired by the city of Freiburg in 1582. However the village was not incorporated into the city or since. In 1525 Horben consisted of 24 farms in scattered locations, three houses of widows and an orphanage. Chief activities during the Middle Ages were mining and forestry. During the Thirty Years' War Horben was pillaged by marauding soldiers, it was reported that not one head of cattle was left in Horben in 1645. The village was re-settled by farmers from the Bohrer Valley. In January 1814, during the wars against Napoleon, Russian troops passed through Horben on their way from Freiburg to the Wiese valley.
During the 1848 Baden Revolution Horben was the base of operations of revolutionaries Franz Sigel and Gustav Struve. The village expanded in the early 20th Century, 1930 saw the construction of the valley station of the Schauinslandbahn gondola lift system. Horben was untouched by bombing during World War II, though nearby Freiburg was devastated, at the end of the war the area was occupied by French troops. After the war many refugees found a new home in the village. Since development pressure from Freiburg increased and in Horben village and Langackern large areas have had new houses built. Local landmarks include the Althäusle dower house, pre-dating 1600, the Zum Raben guesthouse, dating from 1604, the parish church of St Agatha, from 1792; the main economic activities are part-time agriculture and tourism. Horben holds the base station for the Schauinslandbahn gondola lift system. Hortense von Gelmini, painter, writer Buttenmüller, Berta: Erinnerungen – Der zweite Weltkrieg. DB-Verlag, München 2004 Frank, P. Suso OFM: St. Agatha Horben.
Kath. Pfarramt St. Agatha, Horben Kury, Dr. Josef: Horben bei Freiburg – zur Geschichte des Dorfes und des Bohrerwaldes. Villingen Otter, Peter: Friedrichshof im Bohrertal – eine Erzählung. In: Regio-Magazin. August 1988. Sulzmann, Bernd: Historische Orgeln in Baden. Schnell u. Steiner, 1980, S. 148 Volle, Henning: Bergrekord am Schauinsland – die Geschichte des berühmten ADAC-Bergrennens. EK-Verlag 2009, ISBN 978-388255-895-1 Official website Horben:Ortsinfos und Bilder Chronik von Franz Zimmermann über Haibraingeist in Horben
Vogtsburg
Vogtsburg im Kaiserstuhl is a town in the Kaiserstuhl, a volcanic region in the district Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald, Baden-Württemberg. It has a population of about 5,700 and was created on January 1, 1975 through the unification of seven smaller villages. With its 5.4 square miles of vineyards, Vogtsburg is the biggest wine producing town in Germany. The individual villages of Vogtsburg are embedded in the valleys of the inner Kaiserstuhl; the horseshoe-shaped mountain range of the Kaiserstuhl opens to the west and forms the border of the area of Vogtsburg. To the west Vogtsburg borders the French region of Elsass; the low height above sea level and the protected position between the Vosges Mountains and the Schwarzwald create a nearly Mediterranean microclimate. The mountains of the Kaiserstuhl are a result of the creation of a great rift followed by some smaller volcanic activity; the Kaiserstuhl consists of thick layers of loess, together with the special climate, is the main reason for the extraordinary fertility of this area.
Artzenheim Bahlingen Baltzenheim Bötzingen Breisach Eichstetten Endingen Ihringen Sasbach Although the city of Vogtsburg is one of the youngest in Germany, the individual villages making it up are more than 1000 years old. The earliest archaeological finds in the village Oberbergen date to the times of the Linear Pottery culture during the Paleolithic era between 4000 and 2500 BC. Archaeological finds in Bischoffingen give evidence of neolithic settlers of the Corded Ware culture. Other archeological excavations found flexed burials, which could be dated to the Bronze Age between 1700 and 1200 BC. In more recent history, from 800 BC onwards, there is extensive evidence of Celtic occupation. With the arrival of the Alemanni around 200 AD the Celts seem to have disappeared from the region; the area of Oberbergen is considered to be the most important settlement in South Baden during the era of the Hallstatt culture. Because of the horseshoe-shaped mountain range of the Kaiserstuhl, which opens only to the west, Vogtsburg was not accessible before the introduction of modern roads.
This led to a stagnation of development and of the population due to significant emigration until 1870. For about 100 years between 1880 and 1980 the population had been about constant at 5000 inhabitants. From 1980 on the population has increased due to development. Vogtsburg is composed of nine individual villages. Prior to unification in 1975 the villages of Oberrotweil and Niederrotweil were one political entity; the small hamlet with the original name Vogtsburg belonged to Oberbergen. For this reason the city of Vogtburg has nine different villages but only seven political districts. Town privileges for the city of Vogtsburg came from Burkheim, which since the Middle Ages was a town despite its small size; the individual villages: The results of the local elections from June 13 of 2004: The city economy is based on the production of wine grapes. In addition the production of cherries and apples contribute to the economy. In recent years tourism has grown to be an important economic contributor.
Vogtsburg is in the jurisdiction of the district court of Breisach. There is one general-education secondary school, two primary schools, six kindergartens plus one nursery school. Nearby in Breisach there is a secondary school and a'Gymnasium'; the L113 - a country road without cross-town links runs through the western part of the city. This street goes from Breisach - Riegel to Freiamt, meets the L115 near Niederrotweil; the L115 goes on to Umkirch. The different districts are connected with a net of district roads. Vogtsburg is one of the rare towns without speed limit zones of 30 km/h. Achkarren and Burkheim together with Bischoffingen each have a railway station for the western track of the small Kaiserstuhlbahn, a light railway leading from Breisach to Riegel; the railway traffic does not follow a fixed timetable but runs as needed. Vogtsburg is connected by bus lines to Endingen, Bötzingen and Freiburg. All public transport is a part of a regional transport association. Though Burkheim borders directly on the Rhine river, the city of Vogtsburg has no river harbor.
There is a landing stage on the river to ship the grit produced by a quarry in Burkheim. In 1979 the museum of viniculture in the historical'Zehntscheur' was established in Achkarren; the earliest documented reference to this building dates from 1358 as'St. Johannser Trotte'. In Burkheim one can visit the Museum of Corkscrews. In the villages of Achkarren, Oberrotweil and Altvogtsburg there are four churches designed by Friedrich Weinbrenner, a famous architect; these four churches are typical of the style of Neoclassicism in the former state of Baden. The church of St. Michael's according to documented references; this building is famous for some discovered frescoes and for its wooden altar, a late masterpiece of the unknown master H. L; this altar is an extraordinary example of the baroque style of gothic art and is dated to about 1530. The church St. Romanus in Alt-Vogtsburg was founded in 1835/36 as a subsidiary church near a country road. First a church with a capacity of 700 people was planned which would have been several times the population figure of Alt-Vogtsburg.
The reduced version built by the master builder Hans Voß has two adjoining rooms. The altar comes from the workshop of Franz Xaver Marmon; the windows are from the Freiburg glass w
Löffingen
Löffingen is a town in the district Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald, in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is situated 14 km southwest of Donaueschingen, 40 km southeast of Freiburg. Wolfgang Zinser former German champion in the triple jump Tutilo Burger Benedictine OSB, Religious Order and Archbishop of the Benedictine Abbey Beuron Martin Braun, football player and coach Markus Schuler, football player
