1.
Bregenz
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Bregenz is the capital of Vorarlberg, the westernmost federal state of Austria. The city is located on the shores of Lake Constance. The city is situated on a falling in a series of terraces to the lake at the foot of Pfänder mountain. It is a junction of the roads from the Rhine valley to the German Alpine foothills. It is especially famous for the summer music festival Bregenzer Festspiele as well as the dance festival Bregenzer Spring. The first settlements date from 1500 BC, celtic tribe named Brigantii is mentioned by Strabo as a sub-tribe in these region of the Alps. In the 5th century BC, the Celts settled at Brigantion, after battles in 15 BC, the Romans conquered Brigantion and the city became a Roman camp. It was conferred the status of a municipality around 50 AD and was the seat of the Roman admiralty for Lake Constance, in 259/60 Brigantium was destroyed by the Alemanni, a Germanic people who settled in the area in around 450. From 610 to 612 St. Columbanus and Saint Gall worked as missionaries in Bregenz, from 917 the castle served as a residence of the Udalrichinger, who called themselves Counts of Bregenz. The house died out around 1150, the son of the first Ulrich was Saint Gebhard, born in 947. In around 1170 Hugo of Tübingen founded a settlement, enlarged in the 13th and 14th century. Bregenz was under Bavarian rule from 1805 to 1814, from 1842 to 1850, the harbour on Lake Constance was built. In 1883 and from 1889–1891 the harbour was enlarged, and Austrian ship service was set up in 1884, rail communication has existed since 1872 and since 1884 across the Arlberg massif. Since then, the town has extended to the surrounding countryside, since 1726, Bregenz has been the main seat of Austrian administration in Vorarlberg. Rieden-Vorkloster and Fluh were incorporated into Bregenz in 1919 and in 1946, the town was bombarded in 1945, and 72 houses were destroyed. Landmarks buildings of Bregenz include Martins Tower, St. Gallus Church, the Art House, the Post Office Building, a well known meeting point for local philosophers, politicians, writers and musicians. Upper town, old hall, the Martinsturm is considered the landmark of Bregenz, Gothic parish church of St. Gall. District of Vorkloster, Maria Hilf parish church and Cistercian monastery of Mehrerau, on the Gebhardsberg rock, remains of the fortress of Hohenbregenz
2.
Austrians
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Austrians are a Germanic ethnic group and nation, native to Austria that share a common Austrian culture, Austrian descent and Austrian history. The English term Austrians was applied to the population of Habsburg Austria from the 17th or 18th century, subsequently, during the 19th century, it referred to the citizens of the Empire of Austria, and from 1867 until 1918 to the citizens of Cisleithania. In the closest sense, the term Austria originally referred to the historical March of Austria, historically, Austrians were regarded as ethnic Germans and viewed themselves as such. Austria was part of the Holy Roman Empire and the German Confederation until the Austro-Prussian war in 1866 which resulted in Prussia expelling Austria from the Confederation, thus, when Germany was founded as a nation-state in 1871, Austria was not a part of it. In 1867, Austria was reformed into the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the First Austrian Republic was founded in 1919. The Third Reich annexed Austria with the Anschluss in 1938, today, majority of Austrians do not identify as German. Austrians may be described either as a nationality or as a homogeneous Germanic ethnic group, the English word Austrian is a derivative of the proper name Austria, which is a latinization of Österreich, the German name for Austria. This word is derived from Ostarrîchi, which first appears in 996 and this, in turn, is probably a translation of the Latin Marcha Orientalis, which means eastern borderland. It was a margraviate of the Duchy of Bavaria, ruled by the House of Babenberg from AD976, during the 12th century, the Marcha Orientalis under the Babenbergs became independent of Bavaria. What is today known as Lower Austria corresponds to the Marcha Orientalis, the territory of what is today Austria in the Roman era was divided into Raetia, Noricum and Pannonia. Noricum was a Celtic kingdom, while the Pannonii were of Illyrian stock, the Raetians were an ancient alpine people probably akin to the Etruscans. During the Migration period, these territories were settled by the Bavarians and other Germanic groups in the west, in the 8th century, the former territories of Raetia and Noricum fell under Carolingian rule, and were divided into the duchies of Swabia, Bavaria and Carinthia. Pannonia until the end of the 8th century was part of the Avar Khaganate, the East March during the 9th century was the boundary region separating East Francia from the Avars and the Magyars. The site of Vienna had been settled since Celtic times, the various populations of these territories were not unified under the single name of Austrians before the early modern period. The term Austrian in these times was used for identifying subjects of the Domus Austriae, although not formally a united state, the lands ruled by the Habsburgs would sometimes be known by the name Austria. In reality they remained a disparate range of states, most of which were part of the complex network of states that was the Holy Roman Empire. However, the half of the 18th century saw an increasingly centralised state begin to develop under the regency of Maria Theresa of Austria. After the French Revolution and the rise of Napoleon, the emperor Franz II formally founded the Austrian Empire in 1804 and these non-Hungarian lands were not officially called the Austrian Empire
3.
University of Applied Arts Vienna
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The University of Applied Arts Vienna is an institution of higher education in Vienna, the capital of Austria. It has had university status since 1970, the predecessor of the Angewandte was founded in 1867 as the k. k. It was closely associated with the Österreichischen Museums für Kunst und Industrie and it was the first school of its kind on the continent. In 1941 it became an institution of higher education, in 1970 it was awarded the title of a university and in 1998 the school was renamed the Universität für angewandte Künste. Today its faculty includes many distinguished artists and teachers, such as Judith Eisler, Erwin Wurm, Hartmut Esslinger, Greg Lynn, Wolf D Prix, the university has currently c.1,800 students and c.340 faculty. The students come from 49 different countries to study in the 29 disciplines of the school and they form their creative ideas in 56 different languages. The outcome of their processes is made public in 200 exhibitions a year, Applied arts live art and technology as symbiosis. Applied arts live art and society in interaction, Applied arts live art as an experimental approach towards science
4.
Vienna
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Vienna is the capital and largest city of Austria and one of the nine states of Austria. Vienna is Austrias primary city, with a population of about 1.8 million, and its cultural, economic and it is the 7th-largest city by population within city limits in the European Union. Today, it has the second largest number of German speakers after Berlin, Vienna is host to many major international organizations, including the United Nations and OPEC. The city is located in the part of Austria and is close to the borders of the Czech Republic, Slovakia. These regions work together in a European Centrope border region, along with nearby Bratislava, Vienna forms a metropolitan region with 3 million inhabitants. In 2001, the city centre was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site, apart from being regarded as the City of Music because of its musical legacy, Vienna is also said to be The City of Dreams because it was home to the worlds first psycho-analyst – Sigmund Freud. The citys roots lie in early Celtic and Roman settlements that transformed into a Medieval and Baroque city and it is well known for having played an essential role as a leading European music centre, from the great age of Viennese Classicism through the early part of the 20th century. The historic centre of Vienna is rich in architectural ensembles, including Baroque castles and gardens, Vienna is known for its high quality of life. In a 2005 study of 127 world cities, the Economist Intelligence Unit ranked the city first for the worlds most liveable cities, between 2011 and 2015, Vienna was ranked second, behind Melbourne, Australia. Monocles 2015 Quality of Life Survey ranked Vienna second on a list of the top 25 cities in the world to make a base within, the UN-Habitat has classified Vienna as being the most prosperous city in the world in 2012/2013. Vienna regularly hosts urban planning conferences and is used as a case study by urban planners. Between 2005 and 2010, Vienna was the worlds number-one destination for international congresses and it attracts over 3.7 million tourists a year. The English name Vienna is borrowed from the homonymous Italian version of the name or the French Vienne. The etymology of the name is still subject to scholarly dispute. Some claim that the name comes from Vedunia, meaning forest stream, which produced the Old High German Uuenia. A variant of this Celtic name could be preserved in the Czech and Slovak names of the city, the name of the city in Hungarian, Serbo-Croatian and Ottoman Turkish has a different, probably Slavonic origin, and originally referred to an Avar fort in the area. Slovene-speakers call the city Dunaj, which in other Central European Slavic languages means the Danube River, evidence has been found of continuous habitation since 500 BC, when the site of Vienna on the Danube River was settled by the Celts. In 15 BC, the Romans fortified the city they called Vindobona to guard the empire against Germanic tribes to the north
5.
Pratt Institute
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It originated in 1887 with programs primarily in engineering, architecture, and fine arts. U. S. News & World Report lists Pratt as one of the top 20 colleges in the Regional Universities North category. Princeton Review recognizes Pratt as being one of the best colleges in the northeast, Pratt Institute was founded in 1887 by American industrialist Charles Pratt, who was a successful businessman and oil tycoon and was one of the wealthiest men in the history of Brooklyn. In 1867 Pratt established Charles Pratt and Company, in 1874 Pratt’s companies were purchased by John D. Rockefeller and became part of his Standard Oil trust while Pratt continued to run the companies himself. Pratt, an advocate of education, wanted to provide the opportunity for working men and women to better their lives through education, even though Pratt never had the opportunity to go to college himself, he wanted to create an affordable college accessible to the working class. In 1884 Pratt began purchasing parcels of land in his affluent home town of Clinton Hill for the intention of opening a school, the school would end up being built only two blocks from Charles Pratt’s residence on Clinton Avenue. From his fortunes with Astral Oil and Charles Pratt and Company, in May 1887 the New York State Legislature granted Charles Pratt a charter to open the school, on October 17,1887, the Institute opened to 12 students in the Main Hall. Tuition was $4 per class per term, the college was one of the first in the country open to all people, regardless of class, color, and gender. In the early years, the Institute’s mission was to offer education to those who never had it offered to them before, Pratt sought to teach people skills that would allow them to be successful and work their way up the economic ladder. Specifically, many programs were tailored for the growing need to train workers in the changing economy with training in design. Early programs sought to teach students a variety of such as architectural engineering, mechanics, dressmaking. Graduates of the school were taught to become engineers, mechanics, drawing, whether freehand, mechanical, or architectural, thought of as being a universal language, united such diverse programs and thus all programs in the school had a strong foundation in drawing. In addition, the curriculum at the Institute was to be complemented by a large Liberal Arts curriculum. Students studied subjects such as history, mathematics, physics, and literature in order to understand the world in which they will be working in. Six months after inception the school had an enrollment of nearly 600 students, by the first anniversary of the school there were 1,000 students in attendance. In five years time the school had nearly 4,000 students, in 1888 Scientific American said of the school that “it is undoubtedly the most important enterprise of its kind in this country, if not in the world”. Andrew Carnegie even visited Pratt for inspiration and used the school as a model in developing Carnegie Technical Schools, now Carnegie Mellon University. As public interest grew in the school and demand increased the school began adding new programs including the Pratt High School, Library School, Music Department, and Department of Commerce
6.
New York City
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The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States. With an estimated 2015 population of 8,550,405 distributed over an area of about 302.6 square miles. Located at the tip of the state of New York. Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy and has described as the cultural and financial capital of the world. Situated on one of the worlds largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, the five boroughs – Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, The Bronx, and Staten Island – were consolidated into a single city in 1898. In 2013, the MSA produced a gross metropolitan product of nearly US$1.39 trillion, in 2012, the CSA generated a GMP of over US$1.55 trillion. NYCs MSA and CSA GDP are higher than all but 11 and 12 countries, New York City traces its origin to its 1624 founding in Lower Manhattan as a trading post by colonists of the Dutch Republic and was named New Amsterdam in 1626. The city and its surroundings came under English control in 1664 and were renamed New York after King Charles II of England granted the lands to his brother, New York served as the capital of the United States from 1785 until 1790. It has been the countrys largest city since 1790, the Statue of Liberty greeted millions of immigrants as they came to the Americas by ship in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and is a symbol of the United States and its democracy. In the 21st century, New York has emerged as a node of creativity and entrepreneurship, social tolerance. Several sources have ranked New York the most photographed city in the world, the names of many of the citys bridges, tapered skyscrapers, and parks are known around the world. Manhattans real estate market is among the most expensive in the world, Manhattans Chinatown incorporates the highest concentration of Chinese people in the Western Hemisphere, with multiple signature Chinatowns developing across the city. Providing continuous 24/7 service, the New York City Subway is one of the most extensive metro systems worldwide, with 472 stations in operation. Over 120 colleges and universities are located in New York City, including Columbia University, New York University, and Rockefeller University, during the Wisconsinan glaciation, the New York City region was situated at the edge of a large ice sheet over 1,000 feet in depth. The ice sheet scraped away large amounts of soil, leaving the bedrock that serves as the foundation for much of New York City today. Later on, movement of the ice sheet would contribute to the separation of what are now Long Island and Staten Island. The first documented visit by a European was in 1524 by Giovanni da Verrazzano, a Florentine explorer in the service of the French crown and he claimed the area for France and named it Nouvelle Angoulême. Heavy ice kept him from further exploration, and he returned to Spain in August and he proceeded to sail up what the Dutch would name the North River, named first by Hudson as the Mauritius after Maurice, Prince of Orange
7.
Graphic design
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Graphic design is the process of visual communication and problem-solving using one or more of typography, photography and illustration. The field is considered a subset of visual communication and communication design, Graphic designers create and combine symbols, images and text to form visual representations of ideas and messages. They use typography, visual arts and page layout techniques to create visual compositions, common uses of graphic design include corporate design, editorial design, wayfinding or environmental design, advertising, web design, communication design, product packaging and signage. The term graphic design was coined by William Addison Dwiggins in 1922, however, graphic design-like activities span human existence, from the caves of Lascaux, to Romes Trajans Column to the illuminated manuscripts of the Middle Ages, to the neon lights of Ginza, Tokyo. In Babylon, artisans pressed cuneiform inscriptions into clay bricks or tablets which were used for construction, the bricks gave information such as the name of the reigning monarch, the builder, or some other dignitary. This was the first known road sign announcing the name of the governor of a state or mayor of the city, the Egyptians developed communication by hieroglyphics that used picture symbols dating as far back as 136 B. C. found on the Rosetta Stone. During the Dark Ages, from 500 AD to 1450 AD, monks created elaborate and they share many elements, theories, principles, practices, languages and sometimes the same benefactor or client. In advertising, the objective is the sale of goods. In graphic design, the essence is to order to information, form to ideas, expression. Graphic design in the United States began with Benjamin Franklin who used his newspaper The Pennsylvania Gazette, to master the art of publicity to promote his own books and his invention is still sold today and is known as the Franklin stove. American advertising initially imitated British newspapers and magazines, advertisements were printed in scrambled type and uneven lines that made it difficult to read. Franklin better organized this by adding 14-point type for the first line of the advertisement, although later shortened and centered it, Franklin added illustrations, something that London printers had not attempted. Franklin was the first to utilize logos, which were early symbols that announced such services as opticians by displaying golden spectacles, Franklin taught advertisers that the use of detail was important in marketing their products. Some advertisements ran for 10-20 lines, including color, names, varieties, during the Tang Dynasty wood blocks were cut to print on textiles and later to reproduce Buddhist texts. A Buddhist scripture printed in 868 is the earliest known printed book, beginning in the 11th century, longer scrolls and books were produced using movable type printing, making books widely available during the Song dynasty. During the 17th-18th century movable type was used for handbills or trade cards which were printed from wood or copper engravings and these documents announced a business and its location. English painter William Hogarth used his skill in engraving was one of the first to design for business trade, in Mainz Germany, in 1448, Johann Gutenberg introduced movable type using a new metal alloy for use in a printing press and opened a new era of commerce. Previously, most advertising was word of mouth, in France and England, for example, criers announced products for sale just as ancient Romans had done
8.
Film
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A film, also called a movie, motion picture, theatrical film or photoplay, is a series of still images which, when shown on a screen, creates the illusion of moving images due to the phi phenomenon. This optical illusion causes the audience to perceive continuous motion between separate objects viewed rapidly in succession, the process of filmmaking is both an art and an industry. The word cinema, short for cinematography, is used to refer to the industry of films. Films were originally recorded onto plastic film through a photochemical process, the adoption of CGI-based special effects led to the use of digital intermediates. Most contemporary films are now fully digital through the process of production, distribution. Films recorded in a form traditionally included an analogous optical soundtrack. It runs along a portion of the film exclusively reserved for it and is not projected, Films are cultural artifacts created by specific cultures. They reflect those cultures, and, in turn, affect them, Film is considered to be an important art form, a source of popular entertainment, and a powerful medium for educating—or indoctrinating—citizens. The visual basis of film gives it a power of communication. Some films have become popular worldwide attractions by using dubbing or subtitles to translate the dialog into the language of the viewer, some have criticized the film industrys glorification of violence and its potentially negative treatment of women. The individual images that make up a film are called frames, the perception of motion is due to a psychological effect called phi phenomenon. The name film originates from the fact that film has historically been the medium for recording and displaying motion pictures. Many other terms exist for a motion picture, including picture, picture show, moving picture, photoplay. The most common term in the United States is movie, while in Europe film is preferred. Terms for the field, in general, include the big screen, the screen, the movies, and cinema. In early years, the sheet was sometimes used instead of screen. Preceding film in origin by thousands of years, early plays and dances had elements common to film, scripts, sets, costumes, production, direction, actors, audiences, storyboards, much terminology later used in film theory and criticism apply, such as mise en scène. Owing to the lack of any technology for doing so, the moving images, the magic lantern, probably created by Christiaan Huygens in the 1650s, could be used to project animation, which was achieved by various types of mechanical slides
9.
Graphic designer
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A graphic designer is a professional within the graphic design and graphic arts industry who assembles together images, typography, or motion graphics to create a piece of design. A graphic designer creates the graphics primarily for published, printed or electronic media, such as brochures and they are also sometimes responsible for typesetting, illustration, user interfaces, and web design. A core responsibility of the job is to present information in a way that is both accessible and memorable. A degree or certificate from a trade school is usually considered essential for a graphic design position. After a career history has been established, though, the designers experience. A portfolio, which is the method for demonstrating these qualifications, is usually required to be shown at job interviews. One can obtain an AAS, BA, BFA, BCA, degree programs available vary depending upon the institution, although typical U. S. graphic design jobs require at least some form of degree. Current graphic designer jobs demand proficiency in one or more graphic design software programs, a common software package used in the graphic design industry is Adobe Creative Cloud. This software package contains the three main programs used by designers, which are Photoshop, Illustrator and InDesign. Photoshop, InDesign, and Illustrator are the standard applications for many graphic design positions. Another example of a software package is CorelDraw Graphics Suite. Outside the graphic design industry, many people use Microsoft Word or Microsoft Publisher to create a layout or design, however, depending on the job at hand, most designers create the layout in either InDesign, CorelDRAW or QuarkXPress. Specifically, the designer will type or import the text in the program, also importing the graphics. There are a couple of reasons a designer builds a layout in this fashion, as a result, the file size can become very large, depending upon the photos and graphics used in it. By using a program and linking these graphics and images. When the designer is ready to go to press, s/he will either create a press-ready PDF, or use the Package function in InDesign, InDesign, CorelDRAW, or QuarkXPress make it possible to work with large multiple page layouts, such as catalogs and booklets. A web designer should understand how to work with XML, HTML, a print designer should understand the processes involved in printing to be able to produce press-ready artwork. Designers should be able to solve visual communication problems or challenges, in doing so, the designer must identify the communications issue, gather and analyze information related to the issue, and generate potential approaches aimed at solving the problem
10.
Storytelling
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Storytelling is the social and cultural activity of sharing stories, often with improvisation, theatrics, or embellishment. Stories or narratives have been shared in every culture as a means of entertainment, education, cultural preservation, crucial elements of stories and storytelling include plot, characters and narrative point of view. Storytelling predates writing, with the earliest forms of storytelling usually oral combined with gestures, in addition to being part of religious rituals, some archaeologists believe rock art may have served as a form of storytelling for many ancient cultures. The Australian aboriginal people painted symbols from stories on cave walls as a means of helping the storyteller remember the story. The story was then using a combination of oral narrative, music, rock art and dance. People have used the trunks of living trees and ephemeral media to record stories in pictures or with writing. Complex forms of tattooing may also represent stories, with information about genealogy, affiliation, with the advent of writing and the use of stable, portable media, stories were recorded, transcribed and shared over wide regions of the world. Modern storytelling has a broad purview, in addition to its traditional forms, it has extended itself to representing history, personal narrative, political commentary and evolving cultural norms. Contemporary storytelling is also used to address educational objectives. New forms of media are creating new ways for people to record, express, tools for asynchronous group communication can provide an environment for individuals to reframe or recast individual stories into group stories. Games and other platforms, such as those used in interactive fiction or interactive storytelling. Documentaries, including web documentaries, employ storytelling narrative techniques to communicate information about their topic. Self-revelatory stories, created for their cathartic and therapeutic effect, are growing in their use and application, as in Psychodrama, Drama Therapy and Playback Theatre. Albert Bates Lord examined oral narratives from field transcripts of Yugoslav oral bards collected by Milman Parry in the 1930s, Lord found that a large part of the stories consisted of text which was improvised during the telling process. Lord identified two types of story vocabulary, the first he called formulas, rosy-fingered dawn, the wine-dark sea and other specific set phrases had long been known of in Homer and other oral epics. Lord, however, discovered that across many story traditions, fully 90% of an epic is assembled from lines which are repeated verbatim or which use one-for-one word substitutions. In other words, oral stories are built out of set phrases which have been stockpiled from a lifetime of hearing and telling stories, the other type of story vocabulary is theme, a set sequence of story actions that structure a tale. Just as the teller of tales proceeds line-by-line using formulas, so he proceeds from event-to-event using themes, one near-universal theme is repetition, as evidenced in Western folklore with the rule of three, Three brothers set out, three attempts are made, three riddles are asked
11.
Typography
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Typography is the art and technique of arranging type to make written language legible, readable, and appealing when displayed. The arrangement of type involves selecting typefaces, point sizes, line lengths, line-spacing, and letter-spacing, the term typography is also applied to the style, arrangement, and appearance of the letters, numbers, and symbols created by the process. Type design is a closely related craft, sometimes considered part of typography, most typographers do not design typefaces, Typography also may be used as a decorative device, unrelated to communication of information. Until the Digital Age, typography was a specialized occupation, as the capability to create typography has become ubiquitous, the application of principles and best practices developed over generations of skilled workers and professionals has diminished. Babylonian cylinder seals were used to create an impression on a surface by rolling the seal on wet clay, Typography also was implemented in the Phaistos Disc, an enigmatic Minoan printed item from Crete, which dates to between 1850 and 1600 B. C. It has been proposed that Roman lead pipe inscriptions were created with movable type printing, the essential criterion of type identity was met by medieval print artifacts such as the Latin Pruefening Abbey inscription of 1119 that was created by the same technique as the Phaistos Disc. The silver altarpiece of patriarch Pellegrinus II in the cathedral of Cividale was printed with individual letter punches, apparently, the same printing technique may be found in tenth to twelfth century Byzantine reliquaries. Other early examples include individual letter tiles where the words are formed by assembling single letter tiles in the desired order, Typography with movable type was invented during the eleventh-century Song dynasty in China by Bi Sheng. His movable type system was manufactured from ceramic materials, and clay type printing continued to be practiced in China until the Qing Dynasty, wang Zhen was one of the pioneers of wooden movable type. Although the wooden type was more durable under the mechanical rigors of handling, repeated printing wore the character faces down, metal movable type was first invented in Korea during the Goryeo Dynasty, approximately 1230. Hua Sui introduced bronze type printing to China in 1490 AD, the diffusion of both movable-type systems was limited and the technology did not spread beyond East and Central Asia, however. Modern lead-based movable type, along with the printing press, is most often attributed to the goldsmith Johannes Gutenberg in 1439. His type pieces, made from an alloy, suited printing purposes so well that the alloy is still used today. Gutenberg developed specialized techniques for casting and combining cheap copies of letter punches in the vast quantities required to print multiple copies of texts and this technical breakthrough was instrumental in starting the Printing Revolution and the first book printed with lead-based movable type was the Gutenberg Bible. Rapidly advancing technology revolutionized typography in the twentieth century. During the 1960s some camera-ready typesetting could be produced in any office or workshop with stand-alone machines such as introduced by IBM. During the mid-1980s personal computers such as the Macintosh allowed type designers to create typefaces digitally using commercial graphic design software, Digital technology also enabled designers to create more experimental typefaces as well as the practical typefaces of traditional typography. Designs for typefaces could be created faster with the new technology, the cost for developing typefaces was drastically lowered, becoming widely available to the masses
12.
Jessica Walsh
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Jessica Walsh is an American graphic designer, art director and illustrator, and a partner at creative agency Sagmeister & Walsh. Walsh was born in New York and raised in nearby Ridgefield and she began coding and designing websites at age 11 and went on to study graphic design at the Rhode Island School of Design. After earning her BFA from RISD in 2008, Walsh moved to New York City to intern at design firm Pentagram for nearly a year, in 2010, Walsh met Stefan Sagmeister. He looked through her portfolio and offered her a job at his design studio, in June 2012, after two years at the firm, Walsh was made partner, at age 25. Blending handcraft, photography and painting with digital design, Walsh works primarily on branding, typography, website design and art installations. Her signature style has been described as bold, emotional and provocative with the occasional surrealistic flourish, Walsh and Sagmeister collaborated on Six Things, Sagmeister & Walsh, an exhibition that opened at the Jewish Museum in March 2013, and ran for five months. For the exhibit, an exploration of happiness, they created a sound-activated sculpture, in 2013, Walsh and fellow designer and friend Tim Goodman decided to date for 40 days to see if they could overcome their relationship issues and fall in love. They documented the social experiment on a blog,40 Days of Dating, in support of the blog, which earned more than 5 million unique visitors in less than a year, they appeared in segments on talk shows Today and The View. In September 2013, Warner Brothers purchased the rights, with a screenplay to be written by Lorene Scafaria. Walsh and Goodman will serve as consulting writers on the script and also wrote a book for Abrams,40 Days of Dating, An Experiment, in 2016, Walsh and Goodman began a second project together, A 12-step experiment designed to open hearts, eyes, and minds. Apart from a social experiment to follow, Walsh and Goodman also ask for the readers interaction and contribution by including a make your own steps section to the website. Although the two led the project, the acquired immense assistance from friends, family and co-workers. The experiment is currently live and readers can check in everyday for a new story at www. 12kindsofkindness. com, Walsh teaches design and typography at the School of Visual Arts in New York. She is represented by Creative Artists Agency, Sagmeister & Walsh website 40 Days of Dating blog
13.
Lou Reed
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Lewis Allan Lou Reed was an American musician, singer and songwriter. He was the guitarist, vocalist, and principal songwriter of the Velvet Underground, the Velvet Underground was unsuccessful during their active years, but gained a significant cult following to become one of the most widely acclaimed and influential bands in rock history. Brian Eno famously stated that, while the Velvet Undergrounds debut album sold only 30,000 copies, Reeds solo career began in 1972. He had a hit the year with Walk on the Wild Side. Reed was known for his distinctive voice and poetic lyrics. Reed was born on March 2,1942 at Beth El Hospital in Brooklyn and grew up in Freeport, contrary to some sources, his birth name was Lewis Allan Reed, not Louis Firbanks, a name that was coined as a joke by Lester Bangs in Creem magazine. Reed was the son of Toby and Sidney Joseph Reed, an accountant and his family was Jewish, and although he said that he was Jewish, he added, My God is rocknroll. Its an obscure power that can change your life, the most important part of my religion is to play guitar. Reed attended Atkinson Elementary School in Freeport and went on to Freeport Junior High School and his sister said that as a teenager, he suffered panic attacks, became socially awkward and possessed a fragile temperament but was highly focused on things that he liked – principally music. Having learned to play the guitar from the radio, he developed an early interest in rock and roll and rhythm and blues, Reed began experimenting with drugs at the age of 16. His first recording was as a member of a group called the Jades. His love for playing music and his desire to play gigs brought him into confrontation with his anxious, visiting a psychologist, Reeds parents were made to feel guilty as inadequate parents, and consented to electroconvulsive therapy. Reed appeared to blame his father principally for what he had subjected to. He wrote about the experience in his 1974 song, Kill Your Sons, in an interview, Reed said of the experience, They put the thing down your throat so you dont swallow your tongue, and they put electrodes on your head. Thats what was recommended in Rockland County then to discourage homosexual feelings, the effect is that you lose your memory and become a vegetable. You cant read a book because you get to page 17 and have to go back to page one again. Upon his recovery from the bout of illness and associated treatment, Reed resumed his education at Syracuse University in 1960, studying journalism, film directing and he was a platoon leader in ROTC and was later expelled from the program for holding an unloaded gun to his superiors head. In 1961, he began hosting a radio program on WAER called Excursions On A Wobbly Rail
14.
OK Go
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OK Go is an American rock band originally from Chicago, Illinois, now based in Los Angeles, California. The band is composed of Damian Kulash, Tim Nordwind, Dan Konopka and Andy Ross, the band is known for its often quirky and elaborate one-take music videos. The original members formed as OK Go in 1998 and released two albums before Duncans departure. The bands video for Here It Goes Again won a Grammy Award for Best Music Video in 2007, the bands lead singer, Damian Kulash, met bassist Tim Nordwind at Interlochen Arts Camp when they were 11. Kulash was in for graphic design, Nordwind for music, the band name comes from an art teacher of the band members saying, OK. They kept in touch after camp, often exchanging mixtapes which influenced each others musical taste and they met the bands future guitarist and keyboardist Andy Duncan in high school. Nordwind and Duncan moved to Chicago for college, where they formed the band Stanleys Joyful Noise with drummer Dan Konopka, the name OK Go was adopted in 1998, when Kulash moved to Chicago to join the band. At the end of 2000, the band was invited by radio host Ira Glass to serve as the band for live performances of This American Life in Boston, New York. The band self-released two EPs, titled Brown EP and Pink EP, which were culled from an albums worth of songs recorded in February 2000 with producer Dave Trumfio, to serve as demos. Though the members of OK Go eventually left for Los Angeles and New York, in a 2011 interview, Kulash described the bands formative years, “As far as the band is concerned, we only have one home town. We all live in L. A. Chicago had such a close-knit, the Empty Bottle was where it all started for us. We played at the Metro and the Double Door as well, the band released its debut album, OK Go, on September 17,2002, after it was pushed back by the label from its original June release date. To promote the release, the label sent out miniature ping pong tables to press outlets, in the United States, the album reached #1 on the Billboard Heatseekers Chart and #107 on the Billboard 200 Chart. In the United Kingdom, the first single Get Over It debuted at no,27, in the UK singles chart on March 16,2003, and the band performed it on that weeks edition of Top of the Pops. Also that week, the video was named video of the week by Q magazine. The bands second album, Oh No, was recorded in Malmö, Sweden in the fall of 2004 and was produced by Tore Johansson and mixed by Dave Sardy. After recording, in February 2005, Andy Duncan left the band citing creative differences, major label pressures, and the bands rigorous touring schedule. Ross introduced himself to the fans by writing a blog entitled The Will To Rock
15.
The Rolling Stones
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The Rolling Stones are an English rock band formed in London in 1962. The original line-up consisted of Brian Jones, Mick Jagger, Keith Richards, Bill Wyman, Charlie Watts, Stewart was removed from the official line-up in 1963 but continued as a touring member until his death in 1985. Jones left the less than a month prior to his death in 1969, having already been replaced by Mick Taylor. After Taylor left the band, Ronnie Wood took his place in 1975 and has been on guitar in tandem with Richards ever since, following Wymans departure in 1993, Darryl Jones joined as their touring bassist. Other touring keyboardists for the band have been Nicky Hopkins, Billy Preston, the band was first led by Jones, but after teaming as the bands songwriters, Jagger and Richards assumed leadership while Jones dealt with legal and personal troubles. The Rolling Stones were at the forefront of the British Invasion of bands that became popular in the US in 1964, and identified with the youthful and rebellious counterculture of the 1960s. Rooted in blues and early rock and roll, the group began a period of musical experimentation in the mid-1960s that peaked with the psychedelic album Their Satanic Majesties Request. During this period, they were first introduced on stage as The Worlds Greatest Rock, the band continued to release commercially successful records in the 1970s and sold many albums, including Some Girls and Tattoo You, which were their most popular albums worldwide. From 1983 to 1987, tensions between Jagger and Richards almost caused the band to split, however, they managed to patch up their friendship in 1987. They separated temporarily to work on projects and experienced a comeback with Steel Wheels. Since the 1990s, new recorded material from the group has been increasingly less well-received, despite this, the Rolling Stones have continued to be a huge attraction on the live circuit, with stadium tours in the 1990s and 2000s. By 2007, the band had four of the top five highest-grossing concert tours of all time, Voodoo Lounge Tour, Bridges to Babylon Tour, Licks Tour and A Bigger Bang Tour. The Rolling Stones were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1989, Rolling Stone magazine ranked them fourth on the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time list and their estimated album sales are above 250 million. They have released 30 studio albums,18 live albums and numerous compilations, Let It Bleed was their first of five consecutive number one studio and live albums in the UK. Sticky Fingers was the first of eight number one studio albums in the US. In 2008, the band ranked 10th on the Billboard Hot 100 All-Time Top Artists chart, in 2012, the band celebrated its 50th anniversary. Keith Richards and Mick Jagger were childhood friends and classmates in Dartford, Kent, Jagger had formed a garage band with Dick Taylor, mainly playing Muddy Waters, Chuck Berry, Little Richard, Howlin Wolf and Bo Diddley material. Jagger met Richards again in 1960 on platform two of Dartford railway station, the Chuck Berry and Muddy Waters records that Jagger carried revealed a common interest that prompted their musical partnership
16.
David Byrne
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Byrne is a multi-instrumentalist and is known for his distinctive voice. Since then, Byrne has released his own recordings and worked with various media including film, photography, opera. He has received Oscar, Grammy, and Golden Globe awards and been inducted into the Rock, David Byrne was born 14 May 1952, in Dumbarton, Scotland, to parents Tom and Emma. He is the elder of two children, two years after his birth, his parents moved to Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, and then to Arbutus, Maryland, in the United States, when he was 8 or 9 years old. His father worked as an electronics engineer, before high school, Byrne already knew how to play the guitar, accordion, and violin. He was rejected from his schools choir because they claimed he was off-key. From a young age, he had a strong interest in music and his parents say that he would constantly play his phonograph from age three and he learned how to play the harmonica at age five. In his journals he says, I was a peculiar young man—borderline Aspergers, Byrne graduated from Lansdowne High School in southwest Baltimore County. He started his career in a high school band called Revelation. Their repertoire consisted mostly of songs such as April Showers,96 Tears, Dancing on the Ceiling, Byrne attended the Rhode Island School of Design and the Maryland Institute College of Art before dropping out. He returned to Providence in 1973 and formed a band called the Artistics with fellow RISD student Chris Frantz, Byrne moved to New York City in May that year and was joined by Frantz and his girlfriend Tina Weymouth in September. Unable to find a player in New York, Frantz. While working day jobs in late 1974, they were contemplating a band, by January 1975, they were practicing and playing together, while still working normal day jobs. They founded the band Talking Heads and had their first gig in June, Byrne quit his day job in May 1976 and the three-piece band signed to Sire Records in November. Multi-instrumentalist Jerry Harrison joined the band in 1977, the band released eight studio albums before going into hiatus in 1988. Byrne desired to go solo, but it took three years until 1991 to announce that the band was breaking up, a brief reunion for a single Sax and Violins in 1991 occurred before dissolving again. The band was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2002, following this record, Byrne focused his attention on Talking Heads. My Life in the Bush of Ghosts was re-released for its 25th anniversary in early 2006, in keeping with the spirit of the original album, stems for two of the songs component tracks were released under Creative Commons licenses and a remix contest site was launched
17.
Jay-Z
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Shawn Corey Carter, known professionally as Jay Z, is an American rapper, businessman, and investor. He is one of the musicians of all time, having sold more than 100 million records. MTV ranked him the Greatest MC of all time in 2006, Rolling Stone ranked three of his albums—Reasonable Doubt, The Blueprint, and The Black Album —among the 500 greatest albums of all time. In 2014, Forbes estimated his net worth at nearly $520 million, Jay Z co-owns the New York 40/40 Club sports bar, and is the co-creator of the clothing line Rocawear. He is the president of Def Jam Recordings, co-founder of Roc-A-Fella Records. He also founded the sports agency Roc Nation Sports and is a certified NBA, as an artist, he holds the record for most number one albums by a solo artist on the Billboard 200 with 13. He has also had four number ones on the Billboard Hot 100, in 2009, he was ranked the tenth-most successful artist of the 2000s by Billboard as well as the fifth top solo male artist and fourth top rapper behind Eminem, Nelly, and 50 Cent. He was also ranked the 88th-greatest artist of all time by Rolling Stone, Jay Z married Singer-Songwriter Beyoncé in 2008. Shawn Carter was born in Brooklyn, New York, and was raised in Marcy Houses and he and his three siblings were raised by their mother, Gloria Carter after their father, Adness Reeves abandoned the family. Reeves would later meet and reconcile with Jay Z before dying from liver failure in 2003, Jay Z claims in his lyrics that in 1982, at the age of 12, he shot his older brother in the shoulder for stealing his jewelry. Along with future rapper AZ, Carter attended Eli Whitney High School in Brooklyn until it was closed down, according to his interviews and lyrics, during this period he sold crack cocaine and was shot at three times. According to his mother, Carter used to wake up his siblings at night banging out drum patterns on the kitchen table and she bought him a boom box for his birthday, sparking his interest in music. He began freestyling and writing lyrics, known as Jazzy around the neighborhood, Carter later adopted the showbiz/stage name Jay-Z in homage to his mentor Jaz-O. He would drop the hyphen in 2013, Jay Z can be briefly heard on several of Jaz-Os early recordings in the late 1980s and early 1990s, including The Originators and Hawaiian Sophie. Jay Z became embroiled in several battles with rapper LL Cool J in the early 1990s and he first became known to a wide audience on the posse cut Show and Prove on the 1994 Big Daddy Kane album Daddys Home. When I would leave the stage to go change outfits, I would bring out Jay Z and Positive K and let them freestyle until I came back to the stage. The young Jay Z appeared on a song by Big L, Da Graveyard, and on Mic Geronimos Time to Build. His first official rap single was called In My Lifetime, for which he released a music video, an unreleased music video was also produced for the B-side I Cant Get with That
18.
Aerosmith
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Aerosmith is an American rock band, sometimes referred to as the Bad Boys from Boston and Americas Greatest Rock and Roll Band. Their style, which is rooted in blues-based hard rock, has come to incorporate elements of pop, heavy metal, and rhythm and blues. They were formed in Boston, Massachusetts in 1970, in 1971, Tabano was replaced by Brad Whitford, and the band began developing a following in Boston. They were signed to Columbia Records in 1972, and released a string of gold and platinum albums, beginning with their 1973 eponymous debut album, followed by Get Your Wings in 1974. In 1975, the broke into the mainstream with the album Toys in the Attic. Two additional albums followed in 1977 and 1979 and their first five albums have since attained multi-platinum status. Throughout the 1970s, the band toured extensively and charted a dozen Hot 100 singles, by the end of the decade, they were among the most popular hard rock bands in the world and developed a loyal following of fans, often referred to as the Blue Army. The band did not fare well between 1980 and 1984, releasing the album Rock in a Hard Place, which was certified gold, Perry and Whitford returned to Aerosmith in 1984 and the band signed a new deal with Geffen Records. After a comeback tour, the band recorded Done with Mirrors, the band also became a pop culture phenomenon with popular music videos and notable appearances in television, film, and video games. Their comeback has been described as one of the most remarkable, additional albums followed in 2001,2004, and 2012. Since 2001, the band has toured every year, except 2008, Aerosmith is the best-selling American hard rock band of all time, having sold more than 150 million records worldwide, including over 70 million records in the United States alone. The band has scored 21 Top 40 hits on the Billboard Hot 100, nine number-one Mainstream Rock hits, four Grammy Awards, six American Music Awards, and ten MTV Video Music Awards. They were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2001, in 2013, the bands principal songwriters, Tyler and Perry, were inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame. In 1964, Steven Tyler formed his own called the Strangeurs—later Chain Reaction—in New Hampshire. Meanwhile, Perry and Hamilton formed the Jam Band, which was based on free-form, Hamilton and Perry moved to Boston, Massachusetts in September 1969. There they met Joey Kramer, a drummer from Yonkers, New York, Kramer knew Tyler and had always hoped to play in a band with him. Kramer, a Berklee College of Music student, decided to school to join Jam Band. In 1970, Chain Reaction and Jam Band played at the same gig, Tyler immediately loved Jam Bands sound, and wanted to combine the two bands
19.
Pat Metheny
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Patrick Bruce Pat Metheny is an American jazz guitarist and composer. He is the leader of the Pat Metheny Group and is involved in duets, solo works. His style incorporates elements of progressive and contemporary jazz, Latin jazz, Metheny has three gold albums and 20 Grammy Awards and is the only person to win Grammys in ten different categories. He is the brother of jazz flugelhornist and journalist Mike Metheny, Metheny was born and raised in Lees Summit, Missouri, a suburb southeast of Kansas City. At age 15, he won a Down Beat scholarship to a jazz camp and was mentored by guitarist Attila Zoller. Zoller invited the young Metheny to New York City to see guitarist Jim Hall, following his graduation from Lees Summit High School, Metheny briefly attended the University of Miami in Coral Gables, Florida in 1972, where he was offered a teaching position. He then moved to Boston to take a teaching assistantship at the Berklee College of Music with jazz vibraphonist Gary Burton and he established a reputation as a prodigy when he was with Burton. In 1974 he made his debut on an album unofficially titled Jaco with pianist Paul Bley, bassist Jaco Pastorius. Metheny entered the jazz scene in 1975 when he joined Gary Burtons band. Metheny and Goodrick were interviewed together by Guitar Player magazine in 1975, Metheny released his official debut album, Bright Size Life with Jaco Pastorius on bass and Bob Moses on drums. His next album, Watercolors, was the first time he recorded with pianist Lyle Mays, the album also featured Danny Gottlieb, who became the drummer for the first version of the Pat Metheny Group. With Metheny, Mays, and Gottlieb, the member was bassist Mark Egan when the album Pat Metheny Group was released. When Pat Metheny Group album was released, the Group was a quartet comprising, besides Metheny, Danny Gottlieb on drums, Mark Egan on bass, and Lyle Mays on piano, autoharp, and synthesizer. All but Egan had played on Methenys album Watercolors, recorded a year before the first Group album, the second Group album, American Garage, reached number 1 on the Billboard Jazz chart and crossed over onto the pop charts. The song reached number 14 in the British Top 40 in 1985, both Rodby and Wertico were members of the Simon and Bard Group at the time and had played in Simon-Bard in Chicago before joining Metheny. First Circle was Methenys last album with ECM, he had been a key artist for the label but left following disagreements with the labels founder, still Life featured new Group members trumpeter Mark Ledford, vocalist David Blamires, and percussionist Armando Marçal. Aznar returned for vocals and guitar on Letter from Home, the group integrated new instrumentation and technologies into its work, notably Mays use of synthesizers. Metheny and Mays themselves refer to the next three Pat Metheny Group releases as a triptych, We Live Here, Quartet, and Imaginary Day
20.
Fulbright Program
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The program was established to increase mutual understanding between the people of the United States and other countries through the exchange of persons, knowledge, and skills. It is one of the most prestigious scholarships in the world, the Fulbright Program provides 8,000 grants annually to undertake graduate study, advanced research, university lecturing, and classroom teaching. The Fulbright Program is administered by cooperating organizations like the Institute of International Education and it operates in over 160 countries around the world. The U. S. Department of States Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs sponsors the Fulbright Program from an appropriation from the U. S. Congress. Additional direct and in-kind support comes from governments, foundations, corporations. In each of 49 countries, a bi-national Fulbright Commission administers, in countries without a Fulbright Commission but that have an active program, the Public Affairs Section of the U. S. Embassy oversees the Fulbright Program. More than 360,000 persons have participated in the program since it began, fifty-four Fulbright alumni have won Nobel Prizes, eighty-two have won Pulitzer Prizes. In 1945, Senator J. William Fulbright proposed a bill to use the proceeds from selling surplus U. S. government war property to international exchange between the U. S. and other countries. The bill devised a plan to forgo the debts foreign countries amassed during the war and it was through the belief that this program would be an essential vehicle to promote peace and mutual understanding between individuals, institutions and future leaders wherever they may be. If we do not want to die together in war, we must learn to live together in peace. On August 1,1946, President Harry S. Truman signed the bill into law, since it began, the program has operated on a bi-national basis, each country active in the Fulbright Program has entered into an agreement with the U. S. government. The first countries to sign agreements were Cuba in 1947 and Burma, the Philippines, Educational exchange can turn nations into people, contributing as no other form of communication can to the humanizing of international relations. The Fulbright Program works two ways, U. S. citizens may receive funding to go to a foreign country, citizens may come to the U. S. Fulbright grants are offered in almost all academic disciplines except clinical medical research involving patient contact. Fulbright grantees fields of study span the arts, humanities, social sciences, mathematics, natural and physical sciences. Student Program offers fellowships for U. S. graduating seniors, graduate students, young professionals and artists to research, study, the Fulbright Foreign Student Program enables graduate students, young professionals and artists from abroad to conduct research and study in the United States. Some scholarships are renewed after the year of study. This program is currently on hiatus, the Fulbright-mtvU Fellowships award up to four U. S. students the opportunity to study the power of music as a cultural force abroad. Fellows conduct research for one year on projects of their own design about a chosen musical aspect
21.
Alphorn
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Similar wooden horns were used for communication in most mountainous regions of Europe, from the Alps to the Carpathians. Swiss naturalist Conrad Gesner used the words lituum alpinum for the first known detailed description of the alphorn in his De raris et admirandis herbis in 1555, surviving artifacts, dating back to as far as ca. AD1400, include wooden labrophones in their form, like the alphorn, or coiled versions, such as the Büchel. The alphorn is carved from solid softwood, generally spruce but sometimes pine, in former times the alphorn maker would find a tree bent at the base in the shape of an alphorn, but modern makers piece the wood together at the base. A cup-shaped mouthpiece carved out of a block of wood is added. An alphorn made at Rigi-Kulm, Schwyz, and now in the Victoria and Albert Museum, the Swiss alphorn varies in shape according to the locality, being curved near the bell in the Bernese Oberland. Michael Praetorius mentions an instrument under the name of Hölzern Trummet in Syntagma Musicum. The alphorn has no lateral openings and therefore gives the natural harmonic series of the open pipe. The notes of the harmonic series overlap, but do not exactly correspond. Most prominently within the range, the 7th and 11th harmonics are particularly noticeable. Accomplished alphornists often command a range of three octaves, consisting of the 2nd through the 16th notes of the harmonic series. The availability of the tones is due in part to the relatively small diameter of the bore of the mouthpiece. The well-known Ranz des Vaches is a traditional Swiss melody often heard on the alphorn, the song describes the time of bringing the cows to the high country at cheese making time
22.
Leo Burnett
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Leo Burnett was an American advertising executive and the founder of Leo Burnett Company, Inc. In 1999, Burnett was named by Time Magazine as one of the 100 most influential people of the 20th century, Leo Burnett was born in St. Johns, Michigan, on October 21,1891 to Noble and Rose Clark Burnett. Noble ran a dry goods store and as a man, Burnett worked with his father. After high school, Leo went on to journalism at the University of Michigan. His first job out of college was as a reporter for the Peoria Journal Star in Peoria, in 1917, Leo moved to Detroit and was hired to edit an in-house publication for Cadillac Clearing House, later becoming an advertising director for the same institution. At Cadillac, Leo met his mentor, Theodore F. MacManus. MacManus ran the agency that handled Cadillacs advertising, in 1918, Leo married Naomi Geddes. The couple met at a restaurant near the Cadillac offices. They went on to have three children, Peter, Joseph and Phoebe, during World War I, Leo joined the Navy for six months. However, his service was spent at Great Lakes building a breakwater. After his time in the military, Leo returned to Cadillac for a short while and it was then when a few employees at Cadillac formed the LaFayette Motors Company - triggering Leo to move to Indianapolis to work for the new establishment. Soon after, Leo was offered a position at Homer McKee. He then left LaFayette and joined McKee, where Leo Burnett said of the founder, gave me my first feel of what I have come to regard as the warm sell as contrasted to the hard sell and this was his first agency job. After spending a decade at McKees, and working through the market crash of 1929. In 1930, he moved to Chicago and was hired by Erwin, Wasey & Company, in 1935, Leo founded the Leo Burnett Company, Inc. in a suite at the Palmer House in downtown Chicago. Soon after, the moved to the 18th floor of the London Guarantee Building. Today, the agency has 9, 000+ employees in over 85 offices globally, in December 1967, nearing the end of his career, Leo Burnett delivered his famous When To Take My Name Off The Door speech at the agencys annual holiday gathering. On June 7,1971, Leo Burnett went to his agency and that evening, at the age of 79, he died of a heart attack at his family farm in Lake Zurich, Illinois
23.
Colors (magazine)
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Colors is a quarterly magazine about the rest of the world. Founded in 1991, it is published worldwide in six editions, every issue of the magazine takes a single theme and covers it from an international perspective. It is produced at the Fabrica research centre in Treviso, Italy, from Issue 81 in 2011, Colors has been published in the form of guides to major issues for its ongoing Survival Guides series. The complete series of Colors issues was included in the 25/25 exhibition at the Design Museum, London, la Vanguardia, a Spanish daily, described it as one of the trendiest cultural magazines on the world scene. Issue 79 was awarded the Silver Prize in the Editorial Design category at the 90th Art Directors Club Awards, the Colors Music compilations Nordic, Cumbia, Ottomanic, Rio Funk and Inner Asian Pop were produced in co-operation with Irma Records, a Sony Music international label. Colors published the books 1000 Extraordinary Objects,1000 Signs and Colors Extraordinary Records with Taschen, faces and Violence were both published as part of the ColorsNotebook series by Birkhäuser. Colors also produced Africa Mon Amour, a 22-page guide to the 53 countries of Africa, as a supplement to the Autumn 2010 issue of the American Good Magazine). Colors has held exhibitions in Florence, Rome, Naples, London, Istanbul, Madrid, Barcelona, Maastricht, Budapest, San Francisco, Luxembourg, Santiago, Mexico City, Bogotá, Shanghai, Colors documentaries focus on major diversity-based themes. Aral, Fishing in an Invisible Sea portrays the life of the last men left fishing the Aral Sea, Colors also produced the documentary Rocinha, Daylight of a Favela, about slum outside Rio de Janeiro populated by hundreds of thousands of people trying to lead normal lives. Rocinha later became a book of stories by young writers. List of magazines in Italy Official website
24.
Benetton Group
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Benetton Group S. r. l. is a global fashion brand, based in Ponzano Veneto, Italy. The name comes from the Benetton family who founded the company in 1965, Benetton has a network of about 5,000 stores in the main international markets. In 1963, Luciano Benetton, the oldest of four children, was a 30-year-old salesman in Treviso and he saw a market for colourful clothes, and sold a younger brothers bicycle in order to buy his first second-hand knitting machine. In 1965, the entity known as the Benetton Group was formed, the companys core business remains their clothing lines, United Colors of Benetton, and Sisley. The Group has a network of about 5,000 stores around the world, the company is known for sponsorship of a number of sports, and for the provocative and original United Colors publicity campaign. The latter originated when photographer Oliviero Toscani was given carte blanche by the Benetton management, under Toscanis direction, ads were created that contained striking images unrelated to any actual products being sold by the company. These graphic, billboard-sized ads included depictions of a variety of shocking subjects, others included a bloodied, unwashed newborn baby with umbilical cord still attached, which was highly controversial. Most of the advertisements, although not all, had a white background. In autumn 2011, Benetton launched its new communication campaign, an invitation to the leaders and citizens of the world to combat the culture of hatred. This campaign was created as the corporate social responsibility strategy. The Benetton Group “seeks to contribute to the creation of a new culture against hate”, benetton’s Fabrica research centre partnered up with 72andSunny to create the UNHATE poster series. 72andSunny adds “United Colors of Benetton returns to the conversation with a simple and powerful message of tolerance. Hate and love are often in a delicate and unstable balance and this campaign promotes a shift in the balance”. However, these posters of the political and religious figures have sparked controversy. In addition, Benetton released an advertisement that displayed President Barack Obama of the United States, Benetton responded, We reiterate that the meaning of this campaign is exclusively to combat the culture of hatred in all its forms, said a Benetton Group spokesman. We are therefore sorry that the use of the image of the Pope, in corroboration of our intentions, we have decided, with immediate effect, to withdraw this image from every publication. Benetton Group entered Formula One as a sponsor of Tyrrell in 1983, then Alfa Romeo in 1984, Benetton Formula Ltd. was formed at the end of 1985 when the Toleman and Spirit teams were sold to the Benetton family. The team saw its greatest success under Flavio Briatore, who managed the team from 1990 to 1997, michael Schumacher won his first Drivers Championships with the team in 1994 and 1995, and the team won their only Constructors title in 1995
25.
HBO
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Home Box Office is an American premium cable and satellite television network that is owned by Time Warner through its respective flagship company Home Box Office, Inc. HBO is the oldest and longest continuously operating pay television service in the United States, in 2014, HBO had an adjusted operating income of US$1.79 billion, compared to the US$1.68 billion it accrued in 2013. HBO has 49 million subscribers in the United States and 130 million worldwide as of 2016, the network provides seven 24-hour multiplex channels, including HBO Comedy, HBO Latino, HBO Signature and HBO Family. It launched the streaming service HBO Now in April 2015, and has over 2 million subscribers in the United States as of February 2017. In addition to its U. S. subscriber base, HBO distributes content in at least 151 countries, HBO subscribers generally pay for an extra tier of service that includes other cable- and satellite-exclusive channels even before paying for the channel itself. Cable providers can require the use of a converter box – usually digital – in order to receive HBO, many HBO programs have been syndicated to other networks and broadcast television stations, and a number of HBO-produced series and films have been released on DVD. The new system, which Dolan named Sterling Information Services, became the first urban underground cable system in the United States. In that same year, Time-Life, Inc. purchased a 20% stake in Dolans company, in the summer of 1971, while on a family vacation in France, Charles Dolan began to think of ideas to make Sterling Manhattan profitable. He came up with the concept for a television service. Dolan later presented his idea to Time-Life management, though satellite distribution seemed only a distant possibility at the time, he persuaded Time-Life to back him on the project. To gauge whether consumers would be interested in subscribing to a pay television service, in a meeting of Dolan and some Time-Life executives who were working on the project, various other names were discussed for the new service. Home Box Office launched on November 8,1972, however, HBOs launch came without fanfare in the press, as it was not covered by any local or national media outlets. Home Box Office distributed its first sports event immediately after the film, Four months later in February 1973, Home Box Office aired its first television special, the Pennsylvania Polka Festival. Home Box Office would use a network of relay towers to distribute its programming to cable systems throughout its service area. Sterling Manhattan Cable continued to lose money because the company had only a small base of 20,000 customers in Manhattan. Time-Life dropped the Sterling name and the company was renamed Manhattan Cable Television under Time-Lifes control in March 1973, Gerald Levin, who had been with Home Box Office since it began operations as its vice president of programming, replaced Dolan as the companys president and chief executive officer. In September 1973, Time-Life, Inc. completed its acquisition of the pay service. HBO would eventually increase its fortunes within two years, by April 1975, the service had around 100,000 subscribers in Pennsylvania and New York state, in 1974, they settled on using a geostationary communications satellite to transmit HBO to cable providers throughout the United States
26.
Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum
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It is the permanent home of a continuously expanding collection of Impressionist, Post-Impressionist, early Modern and contemporary art and also features special exhibitions throughout the year. The museum was established by the Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation in 1939 as the Museum of Non-Objective Painting, under the guidance of its first director and it adopted its current name after the death of its founder, Solomon R. Guggenheim, in 1952. In 1959, the museum moved from rented space to its current building, designed by Frank Lloyd Wright, the cylindrical building, wider at the top than the bottom, was conceived as a temple of the spirit. Its unique ramp gallery extends up from ground level in a long, the building underwent extensive expansion and renovations in 1992 and from 2005 to 2008. The museums collection has grown organically, over eight decades, and is founded several important private collections. The collection is shared with the museums sister museums in Bilbao, Spain, in 2013, nearly 1.2 million people visited the museum, and it hosted the most popular exhibition in New York City. Solomon R. Guggenheim, a member of a mining family, had been collecting works of the old masters since the 1890s. In 1926, he met artist Hilla von Rebay, who introduced him to European avant-garde art, in abstract art that she felt had a spiritual. Guggenheim completely changed his strategy, turning to the work of Wassily Kandinsky. He began to display his collection to the public at his apartment in the Plaza Hotel in New York City, as the collection grew, he established the Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation, in 1937, to foster the appreciation of modern art. The foundations first venue for the display of art, the Museum of Non-Objective Painting, opened in 1939 under the direction of Rebay, in midtown Manhattan. By the early 1940s, the foundation had accumulated such a collection of avant-garde paintings that the need for a permanent museum building had become apparent. In 1943, Rebay and Guggenheim wrote a letter to Frank Lloyd Wright asking him to design a structure to house, Wright accepted the opportunity to experiment with his organic style in an urban setting. It took him 15 years,700 sketches, and six sets of working drawings to create the museum, in 1948, the collection was greatly expanded through the purchase of art dealer Karl Nierendorfs estate of some 730 objects, notably German expressionist paintings. By that time, the collection included a broad spectrum of expressionist and surrealist works, including paintings by Paul Klee, Oskar Kokoschka. Nevertheless, she left a portion of her collection to the foundation in her will, including works by Kandinsky, Klee, Alexander Calder, Albert Gleizes, Mondrian. The museum was renamed the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum in 1952, Rebay conceived of the space as a temple of the spirit that would facilitate a new way of looking at the modern pieces in the collection. She wrote to Wright that each of these great masterpieces should be organized into space, would test the possibilities to do so
27.
Time Warner
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Time Warner Inc. is an American multinational media and entertainment conglomerate headquartered in New York City. It is currently the third largest entertainment company in terms of revenue, after Comcast. It was also once the worlds largest media conglomerate, Time Warner was first founded in 1990 with the merger of Time Inc. and Warner Communications. The current company consists largely of the assets of the former Warner Communications, Time Warner currently has major operations in film and television, with a limited amount in publishing operations. Among its most popular assets are HBO, Turner Broadcasting System, The CW Television Network, CNN, DC Comics, and as of August 2016, Hulu, owning 10%. In the past, other divisions of Time Warner included Time Inc. AOL, Time Warner Cable, Warner Books and Warner Music Group, all of these operations were either sold to other investors or spun off as independent companies from 2004 to 2014. On October 22,2016, AT&T announced its intent to acquire Time Warner for $108.7 billion, Time Warner consists of three divisions, Home Box Office Inc. Turner Broadcasting System, Inc. and Warner Bros. Home Box Office Inc. operates the namesake HBO premium television service as well as sister service Cinemax, hBO- and Cinemax-branded channels are currently available in over 70 countries around the world, and HBO programming is licensed to other television networks in over 150 countries. In 2012, HBO was the #1 premium pay television service in primetime television, in 2013, the network received five Golden Globes and 23 primetime Emmy Awards. HBO’s programming includes the airing of feature films, HBO Documentary Films, HBO original films, the network has developed content distribution platforms, like HBO GO and Max GO to help support and deliver programming to users via online and mobile devices. In 2011, Cinemax launched its first original series, Strike Back. Turner Broadcasting System, Inc. operates international news, entertainment, animation, young adult, Turner brands include CNN, HLN, TNT, TBS, Cartoon Network, Turner Classic Movies, truTV, Turner Sports, and more. Turners brands and sub brands reach broad domestic and international audiences, in addition to television network programming, Turner manages digital sports entities, including bleacherreport. com NBA. com, PGA. com and NCAA. com. Turner Sports produces sports programming and content for the Turner Networks, Turner Sports’ television line-up includes NBA and MLB games, the NCAA Tournament Games, and the PGA Championship. Turner operates PGA. com and related properties of the PGA under agreements with the PGA. Pictures Group grossed 4.3 billion dollars at the box office. Home Video is the leader with a 21% market share in total DVD
28.
School of Visual Arts
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School of Visual Arts is a for-profit art and design college located in Manhattan, New York, founded in 1947. The college is a member of the Association of Independent Colleges of Art and Design, SVA was established by co-founders Silas H. Rhodes and Burne Hogarth in 1947, as the Cartoonists and Illustrators School. The school began with three teachers and 35 students, most of whom were World War II veterans who had a part of their tuition underwritten by U. S. governments G. I. The college was renamed the School of Visual Arts in 1956 and it offered its first degrees in 1972. In 1983, the college introduced its first graduate offering, a Master of Fine Arts in painting, drawing, today the school has a faculty of more than 1,000 and a student body of over 3,000. The BFA interior design program is accredited by the Council for Interior Design Accreditation, the MPS art therapy program is approved by the American Art Therapy Association, and the MA art education program is accredited by the Council for the Accreditation of Educator Preparation. The colleges logo, seen on its banners, publications and merchandise, was created in 1997 by designer George Tscherny for SVAs 50th anniversary, SVA Arts Abroad offers short-term study abroad programs in various creative fields. In 2014, LinkedIn named SVA #2 in its best schools for designers list, payScale included the college in its Top 10 Art & Design Schools by Salary Potential list for 2013 -2014. SVA is ranked 18th among the art schools in U. S. News & World Report, with its MFA Photography, Video. Since 2012, SVA has been included on the Military Friendly Schools list, SVA operates out of several buildings located in the Gramercy Park neighborhood, on Manhattans east side, and in the Chelsea neighborhood, on the citys west side. Additionally, the college maintains a hall on Ludlow Street. From 1994 to 1997, the also had a branch campus in Savannah. However, the campus was closed following a lawsuit from the Savannah College of Art, the colleges 209 East 23rd Street building, located between Second Avenue and Third Avenue, features classrooms, administrative offices, a cafeteria and an amphitheater. The upper floors are designated for the film, video, graphic design, advertising, illustration. The building also houses the SVA Gramercy Gallery, on the ground floor, both archives are available to the public via appointment. This building is where classrooms and studios used for undergraduate and graduate photography classes are located, as well as the radio station, WSVA. It also features classrooms and studios for classes in interior design, printmaking, the building also houses the SVA Flatiron Gallery, on the ground floor, and a cafeteria on the lower level. The building at 132 West 21st Street houses the Visible Futures Lab, a workshop featuring traditional and emerging fabrication technology, located at 335 West 16th Street, this building houses the BFA Fine Arts Department, including sculpture studios and digital lab
29.
Cooper Union
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Inspired in 1830 when Peter Cooper learned about the government-supported École Polytechnique in France, Cooper Union was established in 1859. The Cooper Union originally granted each admitted student a full-tuition scholarship, following its own financial crisis, the school decided to abandon this policy starting in the Fall of 2014, but each incoming student receives at least a half-tuition merit scholarship. The college is divided into three schools, the Irwin S. Chanin School of Architecture, the School of Art, and it offers undergraduate and masters degree programs exclusively in the fields of architecture, fine arts, and engineering. It is a member of the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology, until 2014 Cooper Union was one of the very few American institutions of higher learning to offer a full-tuition scholarship – valued at approximately $150,000 as of 2012 – to every admitted student. Cooper Union has historically been one of the most selective colleges in the United States, both the art and architecture schools have acceptance rates below 5%. Cooper Union received 2,536 applications for the 2014–2015 academic year, as a result of its record low acceptance ratio for the fall 2010 incoming class, Cooper Union was named by Newsweek as the #1 Most Desirable Small School and #7 Most Desirable School overall. The Cooper Union was founded in 1859 by American industrialist Peter Cooper, who was an inventor, successful entrepreneur. Cooper was a son who had less than a year of formal schooling, yet went on to become an industrialist. Cooper designed and built Americas first steam engine, and made a fortune with a glue factory. After achieving wealth, he turned his skills to successful ventures in real estate, insurance. Coopers dream was to give talented young people the one privilege he lacked and he also wished to make possible the development of talent that otherwise would have gone undiscovered. According to The New York Times in 1863, Those only are supposed to pay anything who are abundantly able, discrimination based on ethnicity, religion, or sex was expressly prohibited. Since the opening of this institute all who desire, and particularly those who work for their own support, can avail themselves, free of charge, of all the advantages the institution affords. The early institution also had a reading room open day and night, and a new four-year nighttime engineering college for men. A daytime engineering college was added in 1902 thanks to funds contributed by Andrew Carnegie Initial board members included Daniel F. Tiemann, Peter Coopers dream of providing an education equal to the best has since become reality. Since 1859, the Cooper Union has educated thousands of artists, architects, after 1864 there were a few attempts to merge Cooper Union and Columbia University, but these were never realized. The Cooper–Hewitt, National Design Museum, was founded in 1897 as part of Cooper Union by Sarah, Eleanor, Cooper Unions Foundation Building is an Italianate brownstone building designed by architect Fred A. Petersen, one of the founders of the American Institute of Architects. It was the first structure in New York City to feature rolled-iron I-beams for structural support, Petersen patented a fire-resistant hollow brick tile he used in the buildings construction
30.
Fellatio
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Fellatio is an oral sex act involving the use of the mouth or throat, which is performed by a person on the penis of another person or oneself. Oral stimulation of the scrotum may also be termed fellatio or tea bagging, Fellatio can be sexually arousing for both participants, and may lead to orgasm for the receptive partner. It may be performed by a partner as foreplay before other sexual activities, or as an erotic. Like most forms of activity, oral sex creates a risk of contracting sexually transmitted infections. However, the risk for oral sex, especially HIV transmission, is significantly lower than for vaginal or anal sex. Most countries do not have laws which ban the practice of oral sex, people may also have negative feelings or sexual inhibitions about giving or receiving oral sex, they may refuse to engage in it of their own volition. Commonly, people do not regard forms of sex as affecting the virginity of either partner. The English noun fellatio comes from fellātus, which in Latin is the past participle of the verb fellāre, in fellatio the -us is replaced by the -io, the declension stem ends in -ion-, which gives the suffix the form -ion. The -io ending is used in English to create nouns from Latin adjectives and it can indicate a state or action wherein the Latin verb is being, or has been, further English words have been created based on the same Latin root. A person who performs fellatio upon another may be termed a fellator, because of Latins gender based declension, the equivalent term for a female is fellatrix. A person who performs fellatio on someone might be referred to as the partner. Fellatio can be sexually arousing for participants, and males commonly experience orgasm, though a person who receives fellatio is male, his sex partner may be of either gender. When the penis is thrust into someones mouth, it may be called irrumatio, the man receiving fellatio can slow the rhythm of the stimulation by holding his partners head. The mans partner may also play with his penis by licking, sucking, kissing or otherwise playing with the tongue. Fellatio may also include the stimulation of the scrotum, whether licking, sucking or taking the entire scrotum into the mouth. It is difficult for people to perform fellatio, due to their sensitivities to the natural gag reflex. Different people have different sensitivities to the reflex, but some people learn to suppress the reflex, deep-throating is an act in which a mans partner takes the entire erect penis deep into their mouth, in such a way as to enter their throat. Nancy Fridays book, Men in Love - Mens Sexual Fantasies, The Triumph of Love over Rage, the man receiving fellatio receives direct sexual stimulation, while his partner may derive satisfaction from giving him pleasure
31.
Grammy Award
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A Grammy Award, or Grammy, is an honor awarded by The Recording Academy to recognize outstanding achievement in the mainly English-language music industry. The annual presentation ceremony features performances by prominent artists, and the presentation of awards that have a more popular interest. It shares recognition of the industry as that of the other performance awards such as the Emmy Awards, the Tony Awards. The first Grammy Awards ceremony was held on May 4,1959, to honor, following the 2011 ceremony, The Academy overhauled many Grammy Award categories for 2012. The 59th Grammy Awards, honoring the best achievements from October 2015 to September 2016, was held on February 12,2017, the Grammys had their origin in the Hollywood Walk of Fame project in the 1950s. The music executives decided to rectify this by creating a given by their industry similar to the Oscars. This was the beginning of the National Academy of Recording Arts, after it was decided to create such an award, there was still a question of what to call it, one working title was the Eddie, to honor the inventor of the phonograph, Thomas Edison. They finally settled on using the name of the invention of Emile Berliner, the gramophone, for the awards, the number of awards given grew and fluctuated over the years with categories added and removed, at one time reaching over 100. The second Grammy Awards, also held in 1959, was the first ceremony to be televised, the gold-plated trophies, each depicting a gilded gramophone, are made and assembled by hand by Billings Artworks in Ridgway, Colorado. In 1990 the original Grammy design was revamped, changing the traditional soft lead for a stronger alloy less prone to damage, Billings developed a zinc alloy named grammium, which is trademarked. The trophies with the name engraved on them are not available until after the award announcements. By February 2009,7,578 Grammy trophies had been awarded, the General Field are four awards which are not restricted by genre. Album of the Year is awarded to the performer and the team of a full album if other than the performer. Record of the Year is awarded to the performer and the team of a single song if other than the performer. Song of the Year is awarded to the writer/composer of a single song, Best New Artist is awarded to a promising breakthrough performer who releases, during the Eligibility Year, the first recording that establishes the public identity of that artist. The only two artists to win all four of these awards are Christopher Cross, who won all four in 1980, and Adele, who won the Best New Artist award in 2009 and the other three in 2012 and 2017. Other awards are given for performance and production in specific genres, as well as for other such as artwork. Special awards are given for longer-lasting contributions to the music industry, the many other Grammy trophies are presented in a pre-telecast Premiere Ceremony earlier in the afternoon before the Grammy Awards telecast
32.
Once in a Lifetime (Talking Heads album)
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Once in a Lifetime is a three-CD box set by the Talking Heads, released in the United States by Sire/Warner Bros. /Rhino in 2003. The set also includes a DVD, a version of the music video compilation Storytelling Giant. Sagmeister would work with David Byrne and Brian Eno on their 2008 album Everything That Happens Will Happen Today, only one previously unreleased song appears in this release, the Naked outtake In Asking Land. This song was completed by Byrne and released as Carnival Eyes on his solo album Rei Momo. These non-album tracks had all been included on the 1992 compilation Sand in the Vaseline and this box set marked the first CD release of A Clean Break, a 1977 live recording from 1982s The Name of This Band Is Talking Heads. However, that album was remastered and reissued in 2004 as a two-disc set, cities was reissued on the 2006 remaster of Fear of Music, while New Feeling and Drugs were reissued digitally on Bonus Rarities and Outtakes. All songs written by David Byrne except where noted
33.
Talking Heads
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Talking Heads was an American rock band formed in 1975 in New York City and active until 1991. The band comprised David Byrne, Chris Frantz, Tina Weymouth, after a hiatus, the band hit its commercial peak in 1983 with the US Top 10 hit Burning Down the House and released the concert film Stop Making Sense, directed by Jonathan Demme. They would release more albums, including their best-selling LP Little Creatures. In 2002, the band was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, Talking Heads were also included at number 64 on VH1s list of the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time. In the 2011 update of Rolling Stones 100 Greatest Artists of All Time, David Byrne, Chris Frantz, and Tina Weymouth were alumni of the Rhode Island School of Design in Providence, Rhode Island. There, Byrne and Frantz formed a band called The Artistics in 1973, Weymouth was Frantzs girlfriend and often provided transportation for the band. The Artistics dissolved the year, and the three moved to New York, eventually sharing a communal loft. Unable to find a player in New York City, Frantz encouraged Weymouth to learn to play bass by listening to Suzi Quatro albums. They played their first gig as Talking Heads opening for the Ramones at CBGB on June 5,1975, later that year, the trio recorded a series of demos for CBS, but the band was not signed to the label. They quickly drew a following and were signed to Sire Records in November 1976, the group released their first single in February that year, Love → Building on Fire. In March 1977, they added Jerry Harrison, formerly of Jonathan Richmans band The Modern Lovers and their first album was released soon afterwards, Talking Heads,77, which did not contain the earlier single. The album received acclaim and spawned what became the groups first charted single. The song was released to the radio just months after the killer known as the Son of Sam had been terrorizing New York City. However, it was revealed that Byrne had written the song nearly four years earlier. This recording also established the long term recording studio relationship with the famous Compass Point Studios in Nassau. Cover of Al Greens Take Me to the River broke Talking Heads into general public consciousness, Music journalist Simon Reynolds cited Fear of Music as representing the Eno-Talking Heads collaboration at its most mutually fruitful and equitable. The single Life During Wartime produced the catchphrase, This aint no party, the song refers to the Mudd Club and CBGB, two popular New York nightclubs of the time. 1980s Remain in Light was heavily influenced by the afrobeat of Nigerian bandleader Fela Kuti and it explored West African polyrhythms, weaving these together with Arabic music from North Africa, disco funk, and found voices
34.
Brian Eno
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Brian Peter George St John le Baptiste de la Salle Eno, RDI is an English musician, composer, record producer, singer, writer, and visual artist. He is best known for his work in rock, ambient, pop. He has been described as one of musics most influential. Born in Suffolk, Eno studied painting and experimental music at art school in the late 1960s before joining glam rock group Roxy Music as synthesizer player in 1971. He took part in frequent collaborations with such as Robert Fripp, Cluster, David Bowie on his Berlin Trilogy. In subsequent decades, Eno continued to record albums, collaborate, and produce for other artists, including U2, Coldplay, Laurie Anderson, James, Grace Jones. He continues to release music, produce, and write, the unusual surname Eno, long established in Suffolk, derives from the French Huguenot surname Hennot. Maria had already had a daughter, and together William and Maria would have two children, Roger and Arlette. In school, Eno used a tape recorder as an instrument and experimented with his first, sometimes improvisational. From that collaboration, he involved in Cornelius Cardews Scratch Orchestra. The first released recording in which Eno played is the Deutsche Grammophon edition of Cardews The Great Learning, Another early recording was the Berlin Horse soundtrack, by Malcom Le Grice, a nine-minute,2 ×16 mm-double-projection, released in 1970 and presented in 1971. He then progressed to appearing on stage as a member of the group. He quit the band on completing the tour for the bands second album, For Your Pleasure, because of disagreements with lead singer Bryan Ferry. If Id walked ten yards further on the platform, or missed that train, or been in the next carriage, during his period with Roxy Music, and for his first three solo albums, he was credited on records only as Eno. Eno embarked on a career almost immediately. Between 1973 and 1977 he created four albums of electronically inflected art pop, Here Come the Warm Jets, Taking Tiger Mountain, Another Green World, and Before and After Science. Tiger Mountain contains the galloping Third Uncle, one of Enos best-known songs and these four albums were remastered and reissued in 2004 by Virgins Astralwerks label. Due to Enos decision not to add any extra tracks of the original material, in 1972, Eno and Robert Fripp developed the Frippertronics tape delay system, a year later, the pair released the proto-ambient album
35.
Everything That Happens Will Happen Today
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Everything That Happens Will Happen Today is the second album made in collaboration between David Byrne and Brian Eno, released on August 18,2008, by Todo Mundo. The album explores themes of humanity versus technology and optimism in spite of bleak circumstance through the blending of electronic, critical reception was largely positive and the album received awards for both the musical content as well as the packaging and technical production. This album is the first joint effort between the two musicians since 1981s My Life in the Bush of Ghosts and Enos work producing and co-writing with Talking Heads. Byrne and Eno worked on the tracks in their home studios throughout 2007 and early 2008, the single Strange Overtones was released for free to promote the album and Byrne toured through 2008 and 2009, performing songs from this release as well as the duos previous collaborations. Several formats were created to allow users to have options on how to listen to the free streaming audio to a deluxe package housed in a tin. While the two were discussing the 2006 re-release of that album at a party, Eno suggested adding lyrics and vocals to some of his unfinished songs. The duo did not initially plan on making an entire album, although the two had discussed making an album together for several years, this was their first sincere effort since the early 1980s. The two continued to work on this and other projects for several months and agreed that if the project was not enjoyable. Eno had several compositions, but could not write lyrics to accompany them. Eno wanted to make the vocals the central event of the music by pairing gospel singing with unexpected electronic music also included elements of West African music. The songwritings emphasis on vocals was partially inspired by Phillip Bimstein, although it was uncharacteristic for Eno, many of the songs were written on acoustic guitar, with the help of Steinberg Cubase. The musicians exchanged Enos demos with the lyrics and vocal melodies completed by Byrne over e-mail, Eno initially gave positive feedback, which encouraged Byrne to continue writing and only became critical as the project was finishing. Toward the end of the recording, Eno sent increasingly challenging tracks to see if Byrne could complete them—the final two ended up on the album as I Feel My Stuff and Poor Boy. At the outset, Byrne was hesitant to add lyrics to the tracks because they sounded too much like folk music, Eno only provided a few vocal demos and suggested simple changes like adding an extra verse. Byrne made minimal changes to the instrumentation on tracks and avoided changing chords in the melody to suit his singing style. The duo only worked in the studio together on two occasions, including one week and a weekend on another occasion and neither partner got a veto in the process of track selection or production. According to Byrne, the challenge in this writing technique was more emotional than technical. He later explained, In a nutshell, Brian wrote most of the music, and I composed most of the melodies and lyrics
36.
National Design Awards
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The National Design Awards, founded in 2000, are funded and awarded by Cooper-Hewitt, National Design Museum. There are seven official design categories, and three additional awards, supplemental awards can be given at the discretion of the jury or institution. Individual candidates must be citizens or long-term residents of the United States and have been practicing design for at least 7 years, corporations and institutions must have their headquarters in the United States. Honorees are selected for a body of realized work, not for any one specific project, candidates are proposed by an official Nominating Committee and are invited to submit materials for a jurys review. Submissions consist of resumes, portfolios, publications by and about the candidates, jury The jurors are chosen by the museum based on their prominence and expertise in the design world. Once selected, jurors are briefed on the Museum mission and criteria for the Awards, decisions are asked to be based on the core criteria, excellence, innovation, and contribution to the quality of life. Museum staff does not enter into the selection process, the jury meets over a two-day period to thoroughly review every submission. The submissions are assessed in terms of the relationship to. Special emphasis is placed on the extent to which the nominees designs, the National Design Awards is one of the few programs of its kind structured to continue to benefit the nation long after the Awards ceremony and gala. A suite of programs is offered every year in conjunction with the Awards by the Cooper-Hewitt. These programs include, lectures, round-tables, workshops, and fairs based on the vision, Peoples Design Award In 2006, the first ever Peoples Design Award was created in order to give the general public a chance to nominate and vote for their favorite design. Individuals can nominate and vote for their favorite designers via the official website, Peoples Design Award National Design Awards Gallery Cooper-Hewitt, National Design Museum Peoples Design Award Smithsonian Institution
37.
Cooper Hewitt, Smithsonian Design Museum
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Cooper Hewitt, Smithsonian Design Museum is a design museum located in the Upper East Sides Museum Mile in Manhattan, New York City. It is the museum in the United States devoted to historical. Its collections and exhibitions explore approximately 240 years of design aesthetic, the Cooper Hewitt Museum was founded in 1896. It was originally named Cooper Union Museum for the Arts of Decoration and it fell under the wing of the Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art. In 1895, the granddaughters of Peter Cooper, Sarah Cooper Hewitt, Eleanor Garnier Hewitt and Amy Hewitt Green, the museum would take its inspiration from the Musée des Arts Décoratifs, Paris. The museum would serve as a place for Cooper Union students, Cooper Union trustees provided the fourth floor of the Foundation Building. It was free and open three days a week, the three sisters served as directors until Sarah Cooper Hewitt died in 1930. After her death, four directors were appointed to run the museum, constance P. Hare served as chair. In 1938, Edwin S. Burdell became the director of the Cooper Union, the board of directors was abolished and an advisory council was established. Eventually the museum and art started to distance themselves from one another in regards to programming. Other departments of the Cooper Union were making financial demands and the Cooper Union announced that they would close the museum and this led to the museum being closed on July 3,1963. Public outcry was strong against the closing, a Committee to Save the Cooper Union Museum was formed by Henry Francis Du Pont. The American Association of Museums developed a study about the future of the museum. Negotiations then began between the Cooper Union and the Smithsonian Institution, on May 14,1968, the New York Supreme Court approved the agreement and the museum fell under ownership of the Smithsonian. July 1,1968, it was transferred to the Smithsonian. The following year,1969, it was renamed as the Cooper-Hewitt Museum of Decorative Arts, in October of that year, Lisa Taylor became the Director. The museum, which was the first Smithsonian museum outside of Washington, the Mansion was renovated and the museum opened to the public on October 7,1976 with the exhibition MAN transFORMs. A conservation laboratory was opened in July,1978, the Samuel H. Kress Foundation funded the lab and it focuses on textile and paper conservation
38.
American Institute of Graphic Arts
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The American Institute of Graphic Arts is a professional organization for design. Its members practice all forms of design, including graphic design, typography, interaction design, branding. The organizations aim is to be the standard bearer for professional ethics, there are currently over 22,000 members and 71 chapters, and more than 200 student groups around the nationwide. In 1911, Fred Goudy, Alfred Stieglitz, and W. A. Dwiggins came together to discuss the creation of an organization that was committed to individuals passionate about communication design. In 1913, president of the National Arts Club, John G. Agar, the committee formed included Charles DeKay and William B. Howland and officially formed the American Institute of Graphic Arts in 1914, howland, publisher and editor of The Outlook, was elected president. The goal of the group was to promote excellence in the design profession through its network of local chapters throughout the country. In 1920, AIGA began awarding medals to individuals who have set standards of excellence over a lifetime of work or have made contributions to innovation within the practice of design. Winners have been recognized for design, teaching, writing or leadership of the profession, in 1982, the New York Chapter was formed and the organization began creating local chapters to decentralize leadership. Represented by Washington, D. C. arts advocate and attorney, James Lorin Silverberg, Chapter of AIGA, was organized as the American Institute of Graphic Arts, Incorporated, Washington, D. C. on September 6,1984. The AIGA, in collaboration with the US Department of Transportation, produced 50 standard symbols to be used on signs in airports and other transportation hubs, the first 34 symbols were published in 1974, receiving a Presidential Design Award. The remaining 16 designs were added in 1979, in 2012, AIGA replaced all its competitions with a single competition called Cased. The stated aim of the competition is to demonstrate the collective success, between 1941 and 2011 AIGA sponsored a juried contest for the 50 best designed books published in the previous year, entitled 50 Books/50 Covers. Jurors included booksellers, book publishers, and designers such as George Salter, on February 17,2012, AIGA announced that it would cease organizing the contest and that future contests would be organized by Design Observer. The 365 was a design competition for all graphic design other than book design. The last “365” competition was organized in 2011, after which it was replaced by the Cased competition, AIGA organized two conferences, the AIGA Design Conference and GAIN, AIGA Design and Business Conference. Both conferences were held biennially and the two were held in alternating years, beginning in 2016, the AIGA Design Conference will be held annually with the 2016 conference held in Las Vegas. The first AIGA Design Conference took place in Boston, Massachusetts in 1985, in 2010, it withdrew from the international organization, citing financial reasons
39.
Capitol Records
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Capitol Records, LLC is an American record label which operates as a division of the Capitol Music Group. The label was founded as the first West Coast-based record label in the United States in 1942 by three industry insiders named Johnny Mercer, Buddy DeSylva and Glenn Wallichs, in 1955, the label was acquired by the British music conglomerate EMI as its North American subsidiary. EMI was later acquired by Universal Music Group in 2012 and was merged with the company in 2013, making Capitol Records, Capitol Records circular headquarter building located in Los Angeles is a recognized landmark of California. Mercer first raised the idea of starting a company while golfing with Harold Arlen. By 1941, Mercer was a songwriter and a singer with multiple successful releases. Mercer next suggested the idea to Wallichs while visiting his record store, Wallichs expressed interest in the idea and the pair negotiated an agreement whereby Mercer would run the company and identify their artists, while Wallichs managed the business side. On February 2,1942, Mercer and Wallichs met with DeSylva at a Hollywood restaurant to inquire about the possibility of investment of the company from Paramount Pictures, while DeSylva declined the proposal, he handed the pair a check worth $15,000. On March 27,1942, the three men incorporated as Liberty Records, in May 1942, the application was amended to change the companys name to Capitol Records. On April 6,1942, Mercer supervised Capitols first recording session where Martha Tilton recorded the song Moon Dreams, on May 5, Bobby Sherwood and his orchestra recorded two tracks in the studio. On May 21, Freddie Slack and his orchestra recorded three tracks in the studio, one with the orchestra, one with Ella Mae Morse called Cow-Cow Boogie, on June 4,1942, Capitol opened its first office in a second-floor room south of Sunset Boulevard. On that same day, Wallichs presented the companys first free record to Los Angeles disc jockey Peter Potter, on June 5,1942, Paul Whiteman and his Orchestra recorded four songs at the studio. On June 12, the recorded five more songs in the studio. On June 11, Tex Ritter recorded Jingle Jangle Jingle and Goodbye My Little Cherokee for his first Capitol recording session, and the songs formed Capitols 110th produced record. 133 - Get On Board Little Chillun - July 31,1942 - is a Freddie Slack/Ella Mae Morse/Mellowaires recording that might be the first rock n roll record and she has sometimes been called the first rock n roll singer. A good example is her 1942 recording of song which, with strong gospel, blues, boogie. Bone Walker recorded Mean Old World a pioneering example of the use of electric guitar. The earliest recording artists included co-owner Mercer, Whiteman, Tilton, Morse, Margaret Whiting, Jo Stafford, the Pied Pipers, Johnnie Johnston, Tex Ritter, Capitols first gold single was Morses Cow Cow Boogie in 1942. Capitols first album was Capitol Presents Songs By Johnny Mercer, a three 78-rpm disc set with recordings by Mercer, Stafford and the Pied Pipers, all with Westons Orchestra
40.
Institute of Contemporary Art, Philadelphia
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The Institute of Contemporary Art or ICA is a contemporary art museum in Philadelphia. The museum is associated with the University of Pennsylvania, and is located on its campus, the Institute is one of the countrys leading museums dedicated to exhibiting the innovative art of our time. Its current director is Amy Sadao, anthony Elms is its current Chief Curator. Since its founding in 1963, the ICA has established a reputation for identifying artists of promise who later emerge in the international spotlight, the ICA has exhibited the first museum shows of Andy Warhol, Laurie Anderson, Agnes Martin, and Robert Indiana. The ICA does not have a permanent collection, but new exhibits are three times a year, with approximately twelve shows annually. ICA offers educational programs, artist talks, lectures, films, recently featured artists include Gillian Wearing, Yoshitomo Nara, John Armleder, Douglas Blau, Robert Crumb, Kate Gilmore, Barry LeVa, and Odili Donald Odita. The ICA was previously headquartered in Meyerson Hall, the current modern gallery building was built in 1990 and designed by Adele Naude Santos, who later became the dean of Architecture at MIT
41.
Museum Angewandte Kunst
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The Museum Angewandte Kunst is located in Frankfurt am Main, Germany and part of the Museumsufer. As a place of discovery, the Museum Angewandte Kunst focusses on the perception of currents and developments in society with a emphasis on design, fashion. The alternating exhibitions recount tales of cultural values and changing living conditions, beyond that, they continually refer to the question of what applied art is today and can be and demonstrate the field of tension between function and aesthetic value. The collections consist of more than 60,000 objects of European handicrafts dating from the twelfth to the twenty-first century, design, book art and graphics as well as Islamic and East Asian art. The approach to the museum’s exhibits solely from the perspective of their history has made way for the negotiation of timely and untimely reflections. For this “heart chamber of the museum”, objects are selected from the areas of the collection, regions of the world and eras of the past. In this way the Museum Angewandte Kunst shows its potential and exposes both the history of its holdings and the point of departure for curatorial praxis, the architecture housing the Museum Angewandte Kunst was designed by Richard Meier. By integrating the Neoclassicist Metzler family villa built in the century, he created an ensemble consisting of the surrounding park, the villa. For stylistic orientation, the architect Richard Meier looks to Classical Modern architecture, its straightforward forms and their common attribute is the colour white. The museum was dedicated in 25 April 1985 after a construction period. The new building is an L-shaped complex composed of three cubes literally surrounding the Villa Metzler and joining it to form a square, the villa provided the basis for the dimensions of the three cubes. At the centre of the four cubes is a courtyard from which the museum entrance is accessed. In the building’s interior, a ramp connects the light-flooded exhibition levels. The large windows generously link the interior with the museum’s surroundings, the museum park connects the Museum Angewandte Kunst with the Museum der Weltkulturen, while also serving as a “passageway” to the Main for the residents of the Sachsenhausen district. It ends in the east at a gate through the wall opening onto Schifferstrasse. The park, which was taken into consideration in the Richard Meier design, had already long enjoyed a special reputation on account of its rare trees. Its origins can be traced back to the activities of the apothecary Peter Salzwedel and he planted ginkgoes, northern red oaks, a tulip tree, a giant redwood, common beech trees and chestnut trees in the approximately 10, 000-square-metre area. Johann Wolfgang Goethe is said to have been familiar with the garden, even though he lived in Weimar
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