1.
Gulfport, Florida
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Gulfport is a city in Pinellas County, Florida, United States, bordering St. Petersburg and Boca Ciega Bay. The population of Gulfport was 12,029 at the 2010 census, Gulfport is part of the Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater Metropolitan Statistical Area, the 19th largest MSA in the country. The town was originally named Disston City in 1884 when Hamilton Disston purchased land in the area, the United States Postal Service would not recognize the name as it conflicted with a town in Hillsborough County. In 1890, the name was changed to Veteran City. In 1910, the officially changed to Gulfport. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 3.8 square miles. As of the census of 2000, there were 12,527 people,6,246 households, the population density was 4,422.2 inhabitants per square mile. There were 7,306 housing units at a density of 2,579.1 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 89. 40% White,7. 06% African American,0. 5% Asian,0. 4% Native American,0. 1% Pacific Islander,0. 78% from other races, and 1. 75% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3. 47% of the population,39. 9% of all households were made up of individuals and 19. 7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.98 and the family size was 2.63. In the city, the population was out with 15. 8% under the age of 18,5. 5% from 18 to 24,24. 9% from 25 to 44,25. 7% from 45 to 64. The median age was 47 years, for every 100 females there were 88.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.2 males, the median income for a household in the city was $28,809, and the median income for a family was $37,016. Males had an income of $25,756 versus $23,347 for females. The per capita income for the city was $22,801, about 9. 5% of families and 13. 3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 19. 2% of those under age 18 and 8. 2% of those age 65 or over. GTV640 is the local Government-access television cable TV channel for Gulfport, the signal was moved to channel 640 on February 9,2015, on Bright House Networks. The City of Gulfport, Florida broadcasts live meetings and replays on Brighthouse Cable Channel 640, the channel includes city information, information relating to the citys events, a historical video of the city, city meetings, as well as additional programming
2.
Florida
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Florida /ˈflɒrᵻdə/ is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States. It is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico, to the north by Alabama and Georgia, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, Florida is the 22nd-most extensive, the 3rd-most populous, and the 8th-most densely populated of the U. S. states. Jacksonville is the most populous municipality in the state and is the largest city by area in the contiguous United States, the Miami metropolitan area is Floridas most populous urban area. The city of Tallahassee is the state capital, much of the state is at or near sea level and is characterized by sedimentary soil. The climate varies from subtropical in the north to tropical in the south, the American alligator, American crocodile, Florida panther, and manatee can be found in the Everglades National Park. It was a location of the Seminole Wars against the Native Americans. Today, Florida is distinctive for its large Cuban expatriate community and high population growth, the states economy relies mainly on tourism, agriculture, and transportation, which developed in the late 19th century. Florida is also renowned for amusement parks, orange crops, the Kennedy Space Center, Florida has attracted many writers such as Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings, Ernest Hemingway and Tennessee Williams, and continues to attract celebrities and athletes. It is internationally known for golf, tennis, auto racing, by the 16th century, the earliest time for which there is a historical record, major Native American groups included the Apalachee, the Timucua, the Ais, the Tocobaga, the Calusa and the Tequesta. Florida was the first part of the continental United States to be visited and settled by Europeans, the earliest known European explorers came with the Spanish conquistador Juan Ponce de León. Ponce de León spotted and landed on the peninsula on April 2,1513 and he named the region La Florida. The story that he was searching for the Fountain of Youth is a myth, in May 1539, Conquistador Hernando de Soto skirted the coast of Florida, searching for a deep harbor to land. He described seeing a wall of red mangroves spread mile after mile, some reaching as high as 70 feet. Very soon, many smokes appeared along the whole coast, billowing against the sky, the Spanish introduced Christianity, cattle, horses, sheep, the Spanish language, and more to Florida. Both the Spanish and French established settlements in Florida, with varying degrees of success, in 1559, Don Tristán de Luna y Arellano established a settlement at present-day Pensacola, making it the first attempted settlement in Florida, but it was abandoned by 1561. Spain maintained tenuous control over the region by converting the tribes to Christianity. The area of Spanish Florida diminished with the establishment of English settlements to the north, the English attacked St. Augustine, burning the city and its cathedral to the ground several times. Florida attracted numerous Africans and African-Americans from adjacent British colonies who sought freedom from slavery, in 1738, Governor Manuel de Montiano established Fort Gracia Real de Santa Teresa de Mose near St
3.
U.S. News & World Report
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U. S. News & World Report is an American media company that publishes news, opinion, consumer advice, rankings, and analysis. Founded as a magazine in 1933, U. S. News transitioned to primarily web-based publishing in 2010. The rankings are popular in North America but have drawn criticism from colleges, administrations, and students for their dubious, disparate. The ranking system by U. S. News is usually contrasted with the Washington Monthly, United States News was founded in 1933 by David Lawrence, who also started World Report in 1946. The two magazines covered national and international news separately, but Lawrence merged them into U. S. News & World Report in 1948 and subsequently sold the magazine to his employees. Historically, the magazine tended to be more conservative than its two primary competitors, Time and Newsweek, and focused more on economic, health. It also eschewed sports, entertainment, and celebrity news, important milestones in the early history of the magazine include the introduction of the Washington Whispers column in 1934 and the News You Can Use column in 1952. In 1958, the magazines circulation passed one million and reached two million by 1973. Since 1983, it has become known primarily for its influential ranking and annual reports of colleges and graduate schools, spanning across most fields and its print edition was consistently included in national bestseller lists, augmented by online subscriptions. Additional rankings published by U. S. News & World Report include hospitals, in October 1984, publisher and real estate developer Mortimer B. Zuckerman purchased U. S. News & World Report. Zuckerman is also the owner of the New York Daily News, in 1993, U. S. News & World Report entered the digital world by providing content to CompuServe and in 1995, the website usnews. com was launched. In 2001, the won the National Magazine Award for General Excellence Online. In 2007, U. S. News & World Report published its first list of the nations best high schools and its ranking methodology includes state test scores and the success of poor and minority students on these exams, and schools performance in Advanced Placement exams. Starting in June 2008, the magazine reduced its frequency in three steps. It switched in June 2008 from weekly to biweekly, in November 2008 it decreased to monthly. In November 2010, it was reported that U. S, moving forward, the publication expressed its plans to focus mainly on research and the provision of relevant information to students pursuing higher education. Its rankings and university guide books are available in print at the majority of bookstores and magazine vendors in the United States, selling millions of copies on an annual basis. In June 2008, citing the overall magazine circulation and advertising, U. S. News & World Report announced that it would become a biweekly publication
4.
Stetson University
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The Stetson University College of Law, located in Gulfport, Florida, was ranked 1st nationally in trial advocacy by U. S. News & World Report in 2017. Other recognitions include being ranked No, Stetson University was founded in 1883 by Henry Addison DeLand, a New York philanthropist, as DeLand Academy. In 1887, the Florida Legislature enacted the Charter of DeLand University as an independent institution of higher learning, DeLand Universitys name was changed in 1889 to honor hat manufacturer John B. Stetson, a benefactor of the university, who served with town founder, Henry A. DeLand, Stetson also provided substantial assistance to the university after DeLand, on account of financial reverses, was no longer able to do so. Stetson University was affiliated with the Florida Baptist Convention from its founding in 1885 until 1907, from 1907 to 1919, the Florida Baptist Convention operated Columbia College in Lake City, Florida, but it failed for lack of adequate financial support. More than 60 undergraduate majors and minors are offered, DeLand Hall, which houses the Office of the President and the offices of other administrators, was constructed in 1884 and is the oldest building in Florida in continuous use for higher education. In 2003, the Lynn Business Center, housing much of the universitys School of Business, was Floridas first green building certified by the U. S. Green Building Council, elizabeth Hall, named after John B. Stetsons wife, houses a number of departments in the College of Arts, the School of Music performs in Lee Chapel in the south of the building. Elizabeth Hall features distinctive polychrome brickwork and a cupola, modeled after the one on Independence Hall in Philadelphia, which is used as the official symbol of the undergraduate campus. The building had served as the college of natural sciences, as well as the library before the introduction of Sampson Hall. Currently, the houses the offices of the faculty and the philosophy department on the first floor, as well as the iconic Lee Chapel. The second floor contains the colleges of science, media studies. The Lawson Seminar Room is also located on the second floor, the third floor houses the history and political science departments, as well as the Lycan Seminar room, the T. C. Lane memorial classroom, the Founders classroom, and the John E. Johns lecture room, Lee Chapel was built in 1897 and was erected in honor of the memory of John B. Stetson’s late son, Ben, who died at age 6 and it is named after H. Douglas Lee who served as Stetson’s 8th President from 1987 until 2009. It holds up to 787 people and was dedicated for the Glory of God, william Sharp, an art professor here, designed all the stained glass windows in the chapel. The organ is a 1961 Beckerath Organ and it is made up of 2,548 pipes and came here in 56 crates from Hamburg, Germany. It took three men two months to build, in recent years, over $17 million in new construction took place at the DeLand campus
5.
DeLand, Florida
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DeLand is a city in the U. S. state of Florida. It is the county seat of Volusia County, the city sits approximately 34 miles north of the central business district of Orlando, and approximately 23 miles west of the central business district of Daytona Beach. As of the 2010 U. S. Census, the city had a population of 27,031 and it is a part of the Deltona–Daytona Beach–Ormond Beach, FL metropolitan statistical area, which was home to 590,289 people as of the 2010 census. The city was founded in 1876, and was named for its founder, DeLand is home to Stetson University, Floridas oldest private college, as well as the Museum of Art - DeLand. On February 2,2007, DeLand and the area was the site of a major tornado outbreak. Known as Persimmon Hollow for the wild persimmon trees that grow around the natural springs and it was settled in 1874 by Captain John Rich, who built a log cabin. Henry Addison DeLand, a soda magnate from Fairport, New York, visited there in 1876. That year he bought land and founded the town, naming it after himself and it was the first city in Florida to have electricity. In 1877 Henry A. DeLand built a school for the town. To enhance the stature and culture, and to enhance the value of his local real estate holdings, in 1883 Henry A. DeLand established DeLand Academy. However, in 1885, a freeze destroyed the orange crop, like many other would-be real estate magnates in the area at the time, his Florida investments were nearly worthless after the freeze, and he returned to his home in the North. DeLand entrusted the academy to his friend John B, Stetson, a wealthy hat manufacturer from Philadelphia and one of the institutions founding trustees. In 1889, it was renamed John B, Stetson University in its patrons honor. In 1900 it founded the first law school in Florida and its various sports teams are called the Hatters. Since 1992, the city has hosted the DeLand Fall Festival of the Arts, as of 2009, the event has an annual attendance of more than 50,000 over the weekend immediately prior to Thanksgiving each year. DeLand is located at 29°1′44″N 81°18′2″W, approximately halfway between Orlando and Daytona Beach. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 17.8 square miles, of which 17.6 square miles is land and 0.19 square miles. DeLand is drained by the St. Johns River, as of the census of 2013, there were 28,237 people,9,950 households, and 4,631 families residing in the city
6.
Rolyat Hotel
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The Rolyat Hotel, now the Stetson University College of Law, is located in Gulfport, Florida, in Pinellas County on the west coast of Florida. In the early 1900s, Gulfport experienced its share of the Great Florida Land Boom, with the development of Pasadena-on-the-Gulf, Pasadena Progress was the official newsletter published for the new Pasadena-on-the-Gulf community. This development was designed as a paradise and the Rolyat Hotel was the last phase of construction before the Great Depression hit. Built in 1925, the Hotel Rolyat was named after I. M, Jack Taylor, its owner and the President of Pasadena Estates, also known as Handsome Jack Taylor. The architectural firm of Kiehnel & Elliott of Miami, Florida designed the Spanish-themed hotel under the direction of project architect Paul Reed, george A. Fuller Construction Company of New York City served as the general contractor and John Wanamaker supplied the furnishings and china. The Rolyat opened January 1,1926 with celebrities in attendance, designed to replicate a Spanish feudal castle with buildings surrounding a central plaza. The main tower was designed to resemble the Torre Del Oro in Seville, the Rolyat boasted one hundred guest rooms on its property of several buildings, towers, fountains and arcades. The roof tiles came from Spanish monasteries, they were made by hand, all the woodwork is of solid cypress timbers colored and antiqued. with wooded trusses having ornamental bands-and the wooden timbers are brilliantly decorated with many colors on Medieval lines. Horse stables Golf Fishing Tropical gardens I. M, John Coolidge and Florence Trumbulls 1928 engagement party. Florida Military Academy Stetson University College of Law Hotel Rolyat Burgert Brothers Photographs
7.
Kiehnel and Elliott
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The architectural firm of Kiehnel and Elliot was established in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, in 1906. Richard Kiehnel was the senior partner. He and the firm did substantial work in Florida and he studied at the University of Breslau, Germany and the Ecole Nationale des Beaux Arts in Paris. Kiehnels first commission in the Miami area was in 1917 and he opened the firms Miami office in 1922 and he supervised the construction of El Jardin, the earliest known Mediterranean Revival work remaining in Miami. Kiehnel introduced Mediterranean Revival to Pinellas County through his designs of the Rolyat Hotel in Gulfport, Florida and the Snell Arcade in St. Petersburg, Florida. Kiehnel advanced to Art Moderne styling in the Carlyle Hotel on Miami Beach and the 1924 Scottish Rite Masonic Temple on the Miami River and he also designed the Annie Russell Theatre, a Romanesque Revival building on the campus of Rollins College in Winter Park. Kiehnel was active in his profession and he was a member of the Pittsburgh chapter of the American Institute of Architects since 1906 and a member of the national body from 1913. He was a member of the Florida South chapter and its president in 1930-1931 From 1935 to 1942 Kiehnel was the editor of Florida Architecture. A number of Kiehnels and the works are listed on the U. S. National Register of Historic Places. By year, La Solana 1922 Coconut Grove 3670 Hibiscus Street, built for Ms. Soden who donated money for the Rare Plant house at Fairchild Tropical Gardens. Converted to a bank in 1938, Coconut Grove 405 Central Avenue, St. Petersburg, Florida, NRHP-listed Miami Senior High School. 2450 SW First Street, Miami, Florida, NRHP-listed Players State Theatre, bryan Memorial Methodist Church 1928 Main Highway, Coconut Grove Annie Russell Theatre. 19311000 Holt Avenue in Winter Park, Florida NRHP-listed Mr. and, Building at 10108 Northeast 1st Avenue,10108 NE. NE. 60th Street and Biscayne Bay Miami, Florida, NRHP-listed Category, Kiehnel and Elliott buildings Notes Bibliography
8.
American Bar Association
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The American Bar Association, founded August 21,1878, is a voluntary bar association of lawyers and law students, which is not specific to any jurisdiction in the United States. The ABAs most important stated activities are the setting of standards for law schools. Its national headquarters are in Chicago, Illinois, it maintains a significant branch office in Washington. The ABA was founded on August 21,1878, in Saratoga Springs, New York, by 75 lawyers from 20 states, according to the ABA website, The legal profession as we know it today barely existed at that time. Lawyers were generally sole practitioners who trained under a system of apprenticeship, there was no national code of ethics, there was no national organization to serve as a forum for discussion of the increasingly intricate issues involved in legal practice. In 1918 the first women were admitted to the ABA – Judge Mary Belle Grossman of Cleveland, the ABA did not allow African-Americans to join until 1943. Roberta Cooper Ramo was the first female President of the ABA from 1995–1996, in 2016 ABA introduced a new ethics rule prohibiting attorneys from using sexist, racist and condescending terms. The goals and objectives are, Goal 1, Serve our members, Promote the highest quality legal education, 2) Promote competence, ethical conduct and professionalism, 3) Promote pro bono and public service by the legal profession. )Goal 3, Eliminate bias and enhance diversity. Promote full and equal participation in the association, our profession, and the system by all persons, 2) Eliminate bias in the legal profession. Its Board of Governors, with 44 members, has the authority to act for the ABA, consistent with previous action of the House of Delegates, when the House is not in session. The ABA president, elected to a term, is chief executive officer of the association, while the appointed. The conclusion of the ABA Annual Meeting, in August, is when a new president takes office, the Annual Meeting also gives the general membership the opportunity to participate in educational programs and hear speakers address many issues. In 2010, Jack L. Rives, formerly TJAG, was appointed Executive Director, one function of the ABA is its creation and maintenance of a code of ethical standards for lawyers. The Model Code of Professional Responsibility and/or the newer Model Rules of Professional Conduct have been adopted in 49 states, the District of Columbia and the United States Virgin Islands. The exception is the State Bar of California, however, a few sections of the California Rules of Professional Conduct were drawn from the ABA models, since 1923, law schools which meet ABA standards are listed as approved. ABA accreditation is important not only because it affects the recognition of the law schools involved, even states which recognize unaccredited schools within their borders will generally not recognize such schools from other jurisdictions for purposes of bar admission. For law students attending ABA-accredited schools, memberships are available for free, students attending non-ABA accredited law schools are permitted to join the ABA as associate members. On October 17,2011, the ABA announced it was considering penalties, employment information was filed separately to the Section
9.
Tampa, Florida
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Tampa is a major city in, and the county seat of, Hillsborough County, Florida. It is located on the west coast of Florida on Tampa Bay, near the Gulf of Mexico, the city had a population of 346,037 in 2011. The current location of Tampa was once inhabited by peoples of the Safety Harbor culture. The area was explored by Spanish explorers in the 16th century, resulting in violent conflicts and the introduction of European diseases, which wiped out the original native cultures. In 1824, the United States Army established a frontier outpost called Fort Brooke at the mouth of the Hillsborough River, near the site of todays Tampa Convention Center. The first civilian residents were pioneers who settled near the fort for protection from the nearby Seminole population, today, Tampa is part of the metropolitan area most commonly referred to as the Tampa Bay Area. For U. S. Census purposes, Tampa is part of the Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, the Greater Tampa Bay area has over 4 million residents and generally includes the Tampa and Sarasota metro areas. The Tampa Bay Partnership and U. S. Census data showed an annual growth of 2.47 percent. A2012 estimate shows the Tampa Bay area population to have 4,310,524 people, Tampa was ranked as the 5th best outdoor city by Forbes in 2008. Tampa also ranks as the fifth most popular American city, based on where people want to live, a 2004 survey by the NYU newspaper Washington Square News ranked Tampa as a top city for twenty-somethings. Tampa is ranked as a Gamma+ world city by Loughborough University, ranked alongside other world cities such as Phoenix, Charlotte, Rotterdam, and Santo Domingo. The word Tampa may mean sticks of fire in the language of the Calusa and this might be a reference to the many lightning strikes that the area receives during the summer months. Other historians claim the name means the place to gather sticks, toponymist George R. Stewart writes that the name was the result of a miscommunication between the Spanish and the Indians, the Indian word being itimpi, meaning simply near it. The name first appears in the Memoir of Hernando de Escalante Fontaneda and he calls it Tanpa and describes it as an important Calusa town. While Tanpa may be the basis for the modern name Tampa, archaeologist Jerald Milanich places the Calusa village of Tanpa at the mouth of Charlotte Harbor, the original Bay of Tanpa. A later Spanish expedition did not notice Charlotte Harbor while sailing north along the west coast of Florida, the name was accidentally transferred north. Map makers were using the term Bay or Bahia Tampa as early as 1695, people from Tampa are known as Tampans or Tampanians. Latin Americans from Tampa are known as tampeños, or tampeñas for females and these terms of Spanish origin emerged after 1900 for the immigrant communities in West Tampa and Ybor City
10.
Torre del Oro
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The Torre del Oro is a dodecagonal military watchtower in Seville, southern Spain. It was erected by the Almohad Caliphate in order to access to Seville via the Guadalquivir river. Constructed in the first third of the 13th century, the served as a prison during the Middle Ages. Its name comes from the shine it projected on the river. The tower is divided into three levels, with the third and uppermost being circular in shape and added in 1769, the Torre de la Plata, an octagonal tower, is located nearby, and is believed to have been constructed during the same era. It is one of two points for a large chain that would have been able to block the river. The other anchor-point has since been demolished or disappeared, possibly from collapsing during the 1755 Lisbon earthquake, the chain was used in the citys defense against the Castilian fleet under Ramón de Bonifaz in 1248 Reconquista. Bonifaz broke the river defenses and isolated Seville from Triana, the besieged Muslim city soon surrendered to the Christian forces. The Tower of Gold was built 1220-1221, by order of the Almohad governor of Seville, Abu l-Ulà and it barred the way to the Arenal district with a section of wall joining it to the Tower of Silver, a part of the city walls that defended the Alcazar. There is a tradition that a heavy chain went across the river from this tower to another located on the modern-day Fortaleza Street in Triana. That street was called Limones Street until the nineteenth century, and also and they mention the Torre del Oro by name, and only a chain that held a set of boats bridging Seville with what is now the Castle of St. George, on the Triana side. The Castilian fleet commanded by Admiral Ramon de Bonifaz broke through that chain and bridge of boats in 1248 to go up the river, while the troops of Ferdinand III of Castile besieged the city. This historic passage led by Asturian and Cantabrian sailors in the service of the Castilian navy has been immortalized on the shields of Aviles and of the Four Villas of the Coast of Cantabria. It was later incorporated in the Coat of Arms of Cantabria as well, represented by the Tower of Gold, after this re-conquest, the tower was first used as a chapel dedicated to St. Isidore of Seville, and later it became a prison. The name Torre del Oro clearly comes from the gleam of lime mortar, the legend that the tower was a storehouse for the gold and silver brought from America is completely false. Also false is the sixteenth century claim of chronicler Luis Peraza that the tower was covered with tiles that sparkled in the light of the sun. This same chronicler and Lopez de Ayala say that King Pedro I kept treasures of gold and silver in the tower, which is true. Gold was processed at the Mint, several yards away, and Pedro I kept not only coins in the tower, but also the sister of Maria Coronel, the king had fallen in love with Aldonza and took her out of the Convent of Santa Clara in 1357
11.
International law
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Public international law concerns the structure and conduct of sovereign states, analogous entities, such as the Holy See, and intergovernmental organizations. To a lesser degree, international law also may affect multinational corporations and individuals, the field of study combines two main branches, the law of nations and international agreements and conventions. The Italian jurist Sir Alberico Gentili was the first to write on public international law and it is usually distinguished from private international law, which concerns the resolution of conflict of laws. The concept of nationalism became increasingly important as people began to see themselves as citizens of a nation with a distinct national identity. Men who take up arms against one another in public war do not cease on this account to be moral beings, responsible to one another and it does not admit of the use of poison in any way, nor of the wanton devastation of a district. It admits of deception, but disclaims acts of perfidy, and, in general, because international law is a relatively new area of law its development and propriety in applicable areas are often subject to dispute. Under article 38 of the Statute of the International Court of Justice, in addition, judicial decisions and teachings may be applied as subsidiary means for the determination of rules of law. International treaty law comprises obligations states expressly and voluntarily accept between themselves in treaties, customary international law is derived from the consistent practice of States accompanied by opinio juris, i. e. the conviction of States that the consistent practice is required by a legal obligation. Judgments of international tribunals as well as scholarly works have traditionally looked to as persuasive sources for custom in addition to direct evidence of state behavior. Attempts to codify customary international law picked up momentum after the Second World War with the formation of the International Law Commission, codified customary law is made the binding interpretation of the underlying custom by agreement through treaty. For states not party to treaties, the work of the ILC may still be accepted as custom applying to those states. General principles of law are commonly recognized by the major legal systems of the world. Certain norms of international law achieve the binding force of peremptory norms as to all states with no permissible derogations. Colombia v Perú ICJ6, recognising custom as a source of international law, belgium v Spain ICJ1, only the state where a corporation is incorporated has standing to bring an action for damages for economic loss. Where there are disputes about the meaning and application of national laws. The subjective approach, which takes into consideration i. the idea behind the treaty, ii. treaties in their context, what the writers intended when they wrote the text. A third approach, which bases itself on interpretation in the light of its object and purpose, i. e. the interpretation that best suits the goal of the treaty and these are general rules of interpretation, specific rules might exist in specific areas of international law. Greece v United Kingdom ICJ1, ICJ had no jurisdiction to hear a dispute between the UK government and a private Greek businessman under the terms of a treaty
12.
Law library
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A law library is a library designed to assist law students, lawyers, judges and their law clerks, and anyone else who wishes to determine the state of the law. Law libraries can be classified as a type of special library because of their focus on providing specialized resources on the law, most law schools around the world have a law library, or in some universities, at least a section of the university library devoted to law. Law libraries can also be found in courts, government departments, private law firms and these countries include but are not limited to Australia, Canada, India, and New Zealand. Law libraries in these countries can be found in law schools, courts, government, private law firms, the largest law library in the United Kingdom is the Bodleian Law Library with a collection of over 550,000 volumes. Outside of England, the largest law library in the British Commonwealth is Osgoode Hall Law Schools at York University in Canada, the earliest common law law libraries were founded in the late 15th century in London and include Grays Inn and Lincolns Inn. The largest law libraries in the world are found in the United States, the worlds largest law library is the Law Library of Congress, which holds over 2.9 million volumes. The worlds largest academic law library is the library of Harvard Law School, by way of contrast, the largest law library in the United Kingdom is the Bodleian Law Library with a collection of over 550,000 volumes. Broadly speaking, there are three categories of law libraries in the United States, every law school accredited by the American Bar Association houses a law library. Public law libraries are available in states, often in the local courthouses. A typical law library holds a number of works not seen in other libraries, including a full set of United States Reports. Most academic law library websites also contain legal research guidelines on numerous legal topics that are available to the public, a number of law libraries have therefore reduced the availability of printed works that can easily be found on the Internet, and have increased their own Internet availability. On the other hand, some university law libraries retain extensive historical collections going back to the earliest English reports, many law libraries also participate in the Federal Depository Library Program which provides access to government information and documents to the public at no cost. This is particularly true of law school libraries as the library at any accredited law school is eligible to become a depository library under the Program. Most law libraries are members of the American Association of Law Libraries, as of 2010, the Association has over 5,000 member libraries. Another important association for law libraries is the Special Libraries Association, some law school libraries are kept in the same building as the general library, but many are either in the law schools building, or in a separate facility altogether. S. The ABA also requires a collection to meet the academic needs of the students and research. The ABA also requires that the library have sufficient staff and facilities to attend to the needs of the institution, many academic law librarians participate in the AALL and specifically the Academic Law Libraries special interest section. Public law libraries are available in states, and many courthouses also have a law library
13.
Board of directors
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A board of directors is a body of elected or appointed members who jointly oversee the activities of a corporation or organization, which can include a non-profit organization or a government agency. A board of directors activities are determined by the powers, duties and responsibilities conferred on it by an authority outside itself and these matters are typically detailed in regulations or in the organizations constitution and bylaws. These authorities may specify the number of members of the board, how they are to be chosen, and how often they are to meet. In an organization with voting members, the board is accountable to, and might be subordinate to, the full membership. In a stock corporation, non-executive directors are voted for by the shareholders, the board of directors appoints the chief executive officer of the corporation and sets out the overall strategic direction. In corporations with dispersed ownership, the identification and nomination of directors are often done by the board itself, in a non-stock corporation with no general voting membership, the board is the supreme governing body of the institution, its members are sometimes chosen by the board itself. Other names include Board of directors and advisors, board of governors, board of managers, board of regents, board of trustees and it may also be called the executive board and is often simply referred to as the board. For companies with publicly trading stock, these responsibilities are typically much more rigorous, typically, the board chooses one of its members to be the chairman, who holds whatever title is specified in the bylaws or articles of association. However, in organizations, the members elect the president of the organization. The directors of an organization are the persons who are members of its board, several specific terms categorize directors by the presence or absence of their other relationships to the organization. An inside director is a director who is also an employee, officer, chief executive, major shareholder, inside directors represent the interests of the entitys stakeholders, and often have special knowledge of its inner workings, its financial or market position, and so on. Executive directors often have an area of responsibility in the organization, such as finance, marketing, human resources. An outside director is a member of the board who is not otherwise employed by or engaged with the organization, a typical example is a director who is president of a firm in a different industry. Outside directors are not employees of the company or affiliated with it in any other way, outside directors bring outside experience and perspectives to the board. One of the arguments for having outside directors is that they can keep a eye on the inside directors. Outside directors are unlikely to tolerate insider dealing between insider directors, as outside directors do not benefit from the company or organization, outside directors are often useful in handling disputes between inside directors, or between shareholders and the board. They are thought to be advantageous because they can be objective, director - a person appointed to serve on the board of an organization, such as an institution or business. This practice results in an interlocking directorate, where a small number of individuals have significant influence over a large number of important entities
14.
LeRoy Collins
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Thomas LeRoy Collins was an attorney and politician, the 33rd Governor of Florida, serving a special term in 1955, and being elected to a four-year term in 1956, serving through 1960. He was previously elected to terms in the Florida House of Representatives. He was the first governor of the South to promote the moral necessity of ending segregation, counseling progress under law, he took a moderate course during the civil rights movement and is remembered as a voice for civil rights. Collins was born and raised in Tallahassee, Florida, where he attended Leon High School. He went on to attend the Eastman Business College in Poughkeepsie, New York and then went to the Cumberland School of Law which is now in Birmingham, in 1932, he married Mary Call Darby, great-granddaughter of Richard K. Call, twice territorial governor of Florida. Collins was first elected to office in 1934, as Leon Countys representative to the Florida House of Representatives. He continued to serve in the House until 1940, when he was elected to the Florida Senate to fill a term of the late William Hodges. In 1941, he purchased the Grove Plantation, the built by Richard K. Call in Tallahassee across the street from the Governors Mansion, re-elected to the Senate in 1942, Collins resigned to fight in the United States Navy during World War II. After the war, in 1946 he was elected again to the Florida Senate and he was re-elected in 1950, serving until 1954. That year an election was held to fill the remaining two years in the term of Governor Daniel T. McCarty, who had died in office in 1953. Collins twice received title of Most Valuable Senator, Governor McCarty died just nine months after accession to the office on September 28,1953 after suffering a debilitating heart attack on February 25. At that time, Florida had no lieutenant governor, and the president of the Florida Senate, Charley Eugene Johns, Collins challenged Johns in the Democratic primary election and won the nomination. Due to the disenfranchisement of most blacks in the South, the Democratic Party dominated regional politics, Collins was sworn in as governor on January 4,1955. In 1956, he was reelected to serve a regular four-year term, in the 1956 election, he made history by becoming the first governor to win election in the first primary election, defeating five other Democratic candidates. During his term, Collins focused on education, working to strengthen the school system. In the racial unrest due to the Civil Rights Movement seeking enforcement of rights, he took a moderate course, counseling obedience to the law, though gradually. The state had minimal disorder compared to states in the Deep South
15.
Bruce Jacob
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Twenty-two states filed briefs in opposition to Jacobs position. He has a B. A. degree from the Florida State University, after leaving the Attorney Generals office, Jacob worked as a private lawyer for the firm of Holland, Bevis & Smith, now Holland & Knight, in Bartow and Lakeland, Florida. In 1969, Jacob was appointed, by the Supreme Court and he received the S. J. D. from the Harvard Law School. He is an author and co-author of articles on Criminal Law and Procedure, Civil Rights and Civil Liberties, and the Administrative Law of Corrections. While on sabbatical leave during 1994-95, he took courses in the LL. M. program in Taxation at the University of Florida College of Law and he currently teaches constitutional law, criminal procedure, criminal law and administrative law courses at the Stetson University College of Law. Jacob served as Dean of Stetson University College of Law from 1981 to 1994
16.
Supreme Court of the United States
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The Supreme Court of the United States is the highest federal court of the United States. In the legal system of the United States, the Supreme Court is the interpreter of federal constitutional law. The Court normally consists of the Chief Justice of the United States and eight justices who are nominated by the President. Once appointed, justices have life tenure unless they resign, retire, in modern discourse, the justices are often categorized as having conservative, moderate, or liberal philosophies of law and of judicial interpretation. Each justice has one vote, and while many cases are decided unanimously, the Court meets in the United States Supreme Court Building in Washington, D. C. The Supreme Court is sometimes referred to as SCOTUS, in analogy to other acronyms such as POTUS. The ratification of the United States Constitution established the Supreme Court in 1789 and its powers are detailed in Article Three of the Constitution. The Supreme Court is the court specifically established by the Constitution. The Court first convened on February 2,1790, by which five of its six initial positions had been filled. According to historian Fergus Bordewich, in its first session, he Supreme Court convened for the first time at the Royal Exchange Building on Broad Street and they had no cases to consider. After a week of inactivity, they adjourned until September, the sixth member was not confirmed until May 12,1790. Because the full Court had only six members, every decision that it made by a majority was made by two-thirds. However, Congress has always allowed less than the Courts full membership to make decisions, under Chief Justices Jay, Rutledge, and Ellsworth, the Court heard few cases, its first decision was West v. Barnes, a case involving a procedural issue. The Courts power and prestige grew substantially during the Marshall Court, the Marshall Court also ended the practice of each justice issuing his opinion seriatim, a remnant of British tradition, and instead issuing a single majority opinion. Also during Marshalls tenure, although beyond the Courts control, the impeachment, the Taney Court made several important rulings, such as Sheldon v. Nevertheless, it is primarily remembered for its ruling in Dred Scott v. Sandford, which helped precipitate the Civil War. In the Reconstruction era, the Chase, Waite, and Fuller Courts interpreted the new Civil War amendments to the Constitution, during World War II, the Court continued to favor government power, upholding the internment of Japanese citizens and the mandatory pledge of allegiance. Nevertheless, Gobitis was soon repudiated, and the Steel Seizure Case restricted the pro-government trend, the Warren Court dramatically expanded the force of Constitutional civil liberties. It held that segregation in public schools violates equal protection and that traditional legislative district boundaries violated the right to vote
17.
Ruth Bader Ginsburg
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Ruth Bader Ginsburg is an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. Ginsburg was appointed by President Bill Clinton and took the oath of office on August 10,1993 and she is the second female justice and one of four female justices appointed on the Supreme Court. She is generally viewed as belonging to the wing of the Court. Ginsburg was one of the few women in her law school class, following law school, Ginsburg turned to academia. She was a professor at Rutgers School of Law–Newark and Columbia Law School, Ginsburg spent a considerable portion of her legal career as an advocate for the advancement of gender equality and womens rights, winning multiple victories arguing before the Supreme Court. She advocated as a lawyer for the American Civil Liberties Union and was a member of its board of directors. In 1980, President Jimmy Carter appointed her to the U. S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit. Born in Brooklyn, New York City, Joan Ruth Bader is the daughter of Nathan and Celia Bader, Russian Jewish immigrants. The Baders older daughter, Marylin, died of meningitis at age 6 when Ruth was 14 months old, the family called Joan Ruth Kiki, a nickname Marylin had given her for being a kicky baby. When Kiki started school, Celia discovered that her daughters class had several other girls named Joan, although not devout, the Bader family belonged to East Midwood Jewish Center, a Conservative temple, where Ruth learned tenets of the Jewish faith and gained familiarity with the Hebrew language. At age thirteen, Ruth acted as the rabbi at a Jewish summer program at Camp Che-Na-Wah in Minerva. Her mother took a role in her education, taking her to the library often. Celia had been a student in her youth, graduating from high school at age 15. Celia wanted to see her daughter get more of an education, Ruth attended James Madison High School, whose law program later dedicated a courtroom in her honor. Celia struggled with cancer throughout Ruths high school years, and died the day before Ruths high school graduation, Bader attended Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, where she was a member of Alpha Epsilon Phi. While at Cornell she met Martin D. Ginsburg at age 17 and she graduated from Cornell with a Bachelor of Arts degree in government on June 23,1954. She was a member of Phi Beta Kappa and the female student in her graduating class. At age 21, she worked for the Social Security Administration office in Oklahoma and she gave birth to a daughter in 1955
18.
Mediterranean Revival architecture
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Structures are typically based on a rectangular floor plan, and feature massive, symmetrical primary façades. Stuccoed walls, red tiled roofs, windows in the shape of arches or circles, ornamentation may be simple or dramatic. The style was most commonly applied to hotels, apartment buildings, commercial structures, architects August Geiger and Addison Mizner were foremost in Florida, while Bertram Goodhue, Sumner Spaulding, and Paul Williams were in California. Petersburg, Florida, completed in 1925 Snell Arcade in St. Petersburg, santa Fe Coast Lines Depots, Los Angeles Division. Mediterranean Domestic Architecture for the United States, hawthorne Printing Company, New York, NY. Southern Pacific Lines, Pacific Lines Stations, Volume 1, southern Pacific Historical and Technical Society, Pasadena, CA. Nylander, Justin A. Casas to Castles, Floridas Historic Mediterranean Revival Architecture
19.
Willem C. Vis Moot
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Vis International Commercial Arbitration Moot is an international moot court competition. The object of the Vis Arbitral Moot is to study in the areas of international commercial and arbitration laws. The moot consists of submitting written memoranda prior to the moot on designated dates for both sides of the dispute, the oral arguments phase of the moot is held in Vienna. The Vis Moot is organized by the Association for the Organization and Promotion of the Willem C, the Director was Pace Law Schools Eric E. The current directors are Dr Christopher Kee, Mag, patrizia Netal and Prof Dr Stefan Kroell. The Arbitration Moot is named after Willem Cornelis Vis, a expert in international commercial transactions. Willem Vis was born in Utrecht in the Netherlands and read law, economics and philosophy at Leiden, Nijmegen, Strasbourg and Magdalen College and he graduated from Leiden University and Nijmegen University in the Netherlands. Willem Vis served as Executive Secretary of the Vienna Diplomatic Conference that created the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods and he helped craft the UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules. He was Representative of the Netherlands to the UN Commission on International Trade Law, professor Vis served on the faculty of Pace University School of Law from 1980 until his death in 1993. At Pace, he continued to participate in the development of commercial law. Willem Vis is survived by his wife, Faith Marion Stedman, the Vis Moot consists of two parts, The preparation of two written memoranda in support of the claimants and subsequently the respondents position, and the oral hearings in Vienna. According to an order by the Arbitral Tribunal both parties have to prepare a memorandum concerning factual and procedural issues, first, the students are facing the challenge to slip into the role of the attorneys representing the claimant. The memorandum supporting the position of the claimant is due early in December, as the Moot proceeds, each team is sent a copy of the memorandum for claimant of one of the other teams in the Moot. The memorandum for respondent is prepared in response to the memorandum received, with the submission of the memorandum for respondent, the written phase of the Vis Moot is closed. Awards for the best memoranda in the Competition will not be presented to the teams before the last day of the arguments in Vienna. During this phase the students can discuss legal problems via a free, in past years, law firms and universities throughout the United States and Europe have hosted pre-moots. Typical pre-moots will bring together anywhere between 4 and 12 schools to practice their arguments, examples for past pre-moots are, The Dispute Resolution Society at Fordham University School of Law in New York City hosts an annual pre-moot. Fordhams 2010 pre-moot brought together 43 teams spanning universities from North America, South America, Asia, Florida International University College of Law hosts a pre-moot competition in Miami, and usually invites teams from North America, Central and South America, and Europe
20.
National Moot Court Competition
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The National Moot Court Competition is one of the oldest moot court competitions in the United States. The first competition was held at the City Bar’s building in January 1950, twelve law school teams debated the legality of “rainmaking, ” or the use by farmers of rainmaking devices to divert water from adjacent land. The program was formatted as an appeal, in order to develop the skills of appellate advocacy among law students. In the years since, the moot court competition has expanded to competitions in 15 regions throughout the continental United States. The cases argued traditionally focus on an issue arising under the United States Constitution. In both the regional and national competitions, all teams are required to argue the same case on appeal. The case consists of two issues drawn from current legal issues that are likely to be considered by the Supreme Court in the near future, the cases are devised and prepared each year by the Young Lawyers Committee of the New York City Bar Association. The National Moot Court Competition begins on the regional level, the United States is divided into fifteen regions, each of which hosts its own regional competition for teams whose law schools fall within their jurisdiction. Each fall, the New York City Bar Association invites all ABA-accredited law schools to field moot court teams of two to three students to participate in regional competitions, the best overall team is presented with the Fulton Haight Award, which includes a trophy and a cash reward. The team presenting the best oral arguments is awarded the John W. Davis award, best individual speaker and runner-up for best individual speaker are both awarded crystal obelisks by the American College of Trial Lawyers. Every participating team is required to submit a brief in advance of the regional and national competitions, at each competition, teams are required to argue both sides of their appeal. Competitors are judged 40% on written briefs, and 60% on oral presentation, the Competition is administered by, and governed by Rules drafted by, the New York City Bar’s Young Lawyers Committee. The National Moot Court Competition has attracted a prestigious roster of past judges, other notable judges have included Hon. Barrington D. Parker, Hon. Judith S. Kaye, and Hon. Amalya Kearse. 2016, Texas Tech University School of Law - Kristen Vanderplas, C. J. Babin, Kenneth O. Corley, published by the New York City Bar Association. National Moot Court Competition, New York City Bar Association
21.
Gus Bilirakis
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Gus Michael Bilirakis is the U. S. Representative for Floridas 12th congressional district, serving since January 2007 and he is a member of the Republican Party. The district, numbered as the 9th district from 2007 to 2013 and he has also served in the Florida House of Representatives. Bilirakis was born in Gainesville, Florida and grew up in Tarpon Springs, Florida and he calls nearby Palm Harbor home. He is the grandson of Greek immigrants and his grandfather owned a local bakery where Bilirakis worked from a young age. He attended Tampa Bay area public schools and continued to work in his grandfathers bakery while growing up, Bilirakis graduated from Tarpon Springs High School and St. Petersburg Junior College. He then attended the University of Florida, where he graduated in 1986 with a degree in political science. He received his law degree from the Stetson University College of Law in 1989, Bilirakis has a Tampa Bay area law practice, the Bilirakis Law Group, specializing in probate and estate planning, which he took over from his father, Michael Bilirakis. His father served in Congress from 1983 to 2007, and Gus helped run his campaigns and this district covers most of north Pinellas County, part of Pasco County, and part of Hillsborough County. During his tenure in Tallahassee, he chaired several prominent panels including Crime Prevention, Public Safety Appropriations, and he defeated Hillsborough County Commissioner Phyllis Busansky in the general election with 55 percent of the vote to become the districts second representative. He has been reelected three times with no substantive opposition. In this role he is his partys top congressional watchdog over the Department of Homeland Security United States Department of Homeland Security, Bilirakis is a member of the Republican Partys Whip Team and is Chair of the Veterans’ Affairs Task Force for the Republican Policy Committee. Additionally, Bilirakis serves as a Co-Chair of the Congressional Military Veterans Caucus and he successfully placed legislative initiatives in the 9/11 recommendations bill that was signed into law to increase Americas rail and public transportation security. Bilirakis is also a sponsor of legislation to create a nationwide Silver Alert program. On September 29,2008, Bilirakis voted against the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008, in 2014, Bilirakis had a cameo as a job applicant in the feature film Walt Before Mickey starring Thomas Ian Nicholas, Jon Heder, and Armando Gutierrez. Biliarkis nodded in agreement and later told CNN that The board exists, and Ive voted to repeal the board. Gus and his wife have four children, Michael, Teddy, Manuel, Nicholas
22.
Pam Bondi
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Pamela Jo Pam Bondi is an American attorney, politician and member of the Republican Party who serves as the current Attorney General of Florida. Bondis hometown is Temple Terrace, Florida and her father, Joseph Bondi, was a city councilmember and then Mayor of Temple Terrace. She is a graduate of C. Leon King High School in Tampa, Bondi graduated from the University of Florida in 1987 with a degree in Criminal Justice. She then graduated from Stetson Law School with a JD in 1990 and was admitted to the Florida Bar on June 24,1991 and she is a former prosecutor and spokeswoman in Hillsborough County, Florida where she worked as an Assistant State Attorney. Bondi resigned this position to seek the office of Attorney General of Florida and she has made guest appearances on Scarborough Country with Joe Scarborough and various other cable news programming on MSNBC and worked for Fox News as a legal analyst. Bondi prosecuted former Major League Baseball player Dwight Gooden in 2006 for violating the terms of his probation, Bondi also prosecuted the Martin Anderson death defendants in 2007. In 2010, Bondi defeated Democratic State Senator Dan Gelber by a 55% to 41% margin to become the Attorney General of the State of Florida. In the lawsuit the State of Florida and 26 other states argued that the individual mandate provision of the PPACA violates the United States Constitution, Bondi was re-elected in November 2014, receiving 55% of the vote. Her challenger, George Sheldon, received 42%, Bondi has been criticized for election fundraising activities, including questions raised about contributions from Donald Trump and his associates. The Florida Attorney Generals office received at least 22 fraud complaints about Trump University, in 2013 a spokesperson for Bondi announced her office was considering joining a lawsuit initiated by New Yorks Attorney General against Trump regarding tax fraud. According to a Bondi spokesman, Bondi personally solicited the donation from Trump several weeks before her office announced it was considering joining the lawsuit against him, when the controversy first arose in 2013, both the PAC and Donald Trump had defended the propriety of the donation. On March 14,2016 Bondi endorsed Trump in the Florida presidential primary, in June 2016 a spokesperson for Governor Rick Scott stated that the states ethics commission is looking into the matter. Trump has said in the past that he expects and receives favors from politicians to whom he gives money, Bondi has opposed same-sex marriage and other LGBT issues on behalf of the state. Bondi claimed to not only support the gay community, but had posted as such on her website and this statement was later shown to be false. While the entire interview had been aired live, only the portion involving Bondis position on LGBT issues was originally uploaded to the CNN website, the website featured the interview in its entirety following this comment. In 2013, Bondi persuaded Governor Rick Scott to postpone a scheduled execution because it conflicted with her reelection kickoff/fundraising event, after questions were raised in the media, Bondi apologized for moving the execution date. Bondi married Garret Barnes in 1990, and they divorced after 22 months, in 1996, Bondi married Scott Fitzgerald. Their marriage ended in divorce after 6 years, official website Pam Bondi for Attorney General Appearances on C-SPAN
23.
Craig Crawford
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Craig Crawford is an American writer and television political commentator based in Washington, D. C. Craig Crawford was born in Owensboro, Kentucky. During his childhood, Crawford moved with his family to Orlando, Florida and his parents, Tabitha and Bill Crawford, encouraged his interest in public affairs. When he was nine years old, Crawford had the opportunity to meet President Lyndon B. Johnson, while still in high school, Crawford served as a page to Republican Senator Ed Gurney. In 1976, while attending Stetson University, he worked on Jimmy Carters presidential campaign, after the 1976 election, Crawford transferred to American University in Washington to intern in the Carter White House press office. Crawford graduated from Stetson University and Stetson University College of Law and he has been a member of the Florida Bar since 1982. While beginning his law practice, Crawford worked for Democratic candidates John Glenn, in 1982, he was an unsuccessful candidate for Floridas state legislature as a Democrat. Crawford joined the staff of the Orlando Sentinel in 1985 as a legal affairs, in 1989, he moved to the papers Washington bureau. In 1997, Crawford left the Sentinel to run The Hotline until 2003, Crawford publicly resigned from MSNBC on March 5,2010. In the comments section of his Congressional Quarterly blog, he wrote, Crawford was a regular contributor to the John Batchelor and Paul Alexander radio show, broadcast from WABC - AM, New York. He also appeared on the CBS Early Show as a political contributor, Crawford was also a frequent guest on the Imus in the Morning radio/TV simulcast. In the 2008 Presidential campaign, Crawford defended Hillary Clinton and Bill Clinton following President Clintons response to a question about why it takes two of you to beat Barack Obama. In 2015 Crawford was hired to serve as Communications Director for the campaign of former Sen. Jim Webb. Craig Crawford launched a grass roots campaign to raise money for Haiti disaster relief, via his Trail Mix Blog, Mr. Crawford is openly gay. Since 1987 he has lived with his partner David Blank, Deputy Communications Director and they were married in the District of Columbia on April 6,2013. Listen Up Mr. President, Everything You Always Wanted Your President to Know, ISBN 1-4391-4815-5 The Politics of Life,25 Rules for Survival in a Brutal and Manipulative World ISBN 0-7425-5250-0 - a kind of updated Machiavelli. Attack the Messenger, How Politicians Turn You Against the Media, ISBN 0-7425-3816-8 Craig Crawford, Publisher, Trail Mix Goodman Speakers Bureau Biography Appearances on C-SPAN
24.
Congressional Quarterly
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Congressional Quarterly, Inc. or CQ, is part of a privately owned publishing company called CQ Roll Call that produces a number of publications reporting primarily on the United States Congress. CQ was acquired by the Economist Group and combined with Roll Call to form CQ Roll Call in 2009, as of 2009, CQ ceased to exist as a separate entity. CQ was founded in 1945 by Nelson Poynter and his wife, Henrietta Poynter, CQ has the largest news team covering Capitol Hill, with more than 100 reporters, editors and researchers. CQs readership includes 95 percent of the members of Congress, academic and media outlets, as well as members of business and nonprofit organizations, government affairs and the executive branch. Thomas N. Schroth, who had been managing editor of The Brooklyn Eagle, was elected in October 1955 as executive editor, Schroth built the publications impartial coverage, with annual revenue growing during his tenure from $150,000 when he started to $1.8 million. In addition to adding a division, Schroth added many staff members who achieved future journalistic success, including David S. Broder, Neal R. Peirce. In 1965, Poynter summed up his reasons for founding CQ, saying, The federal government will never set up an agency to check on itself. So it had to be a private enterprise beholden to its clients, despite its name, CQ was published quarterly for only one year. Demand drove more frequent updates, first weekly, then daily, CQ was also an early leader in delivering information on a real-time basis, starting with a dial-up service in 1984. Its website dominates the market for online legislative tracking information and has been nominated for several awards, in recent years, CQ has launched several web-only newsletters with greater focus on particular areas, including CQ Homeland Security, CQ BudgetTracker, and CQ HealthBeat. In 2005, CQs flagship publication, the Weekly Report, was re-launched as CQ Weekly with a focus, including government, commerce. A daily publication, CQ Today, also is every day when Congress is in session. CQ Todays main print competition is Atlantic Medias CongressDaily, until 2009, CQ was owned by the Times Publishing Company of St. Petersburg, Fla. publisher of the Tampa Bay Times and other publications. The Times Publishing Company is in turn owned by the Poynter Institute, the Economist Group acquired CQ, the terms of the deal were not disclosed. In 1999, CQ Executive Conferences was transferred to TheCapitol. Net, TheCapitol. Net is no longer an affiliate of Congressional Quarterly. In May 2008, CQ Press was purchased by SAGE Publications in its entirety, although it retains the name CQ Press, CQ Press is no longer an affiliate of Congressional Quarterly. Roll Call The Economist CQ Roll Call corporate website
25.
Roy Geiger
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General Roy Stanley Geiger was a United States Marine Corps four-star general who served in World War I and World War II where he became the first Marine Corps general to lead an army-sized force. Geiger commanded the III Amphibious Corps in the Battle of Okinawa in 1945 before assuming the command of the U. S. Tenth Army upon the death of its commander, Lt. General Simon Bolivar Buckner. Marine Corps base Camp Geiger in North Carolina is named in his honor, Geiger was born in Middleburg, Florida. He attended Florida State Normal and Industrial College and received a law degree, LLB and he enlisted in the Marine Corps as a private on November 2,1907 in St. Paul, Minnesota and was sent to Naval Station Norfolk for his initial training. Geiger spent most of his time at the Marine Barracks, Washington. Following a series of examinations and the passing of a Naval Medical Board he accepted his commission as a Second Lieutenant on February 5,1909. Following attendance at the Marine Officers School at Port Royal, South Carolina, he served as a member of the Marine detachments aboard Wisconsin and Delaware. In August 1912, he was assigned to Nicaragua, where he participated in the bombardment, assault and capture of the hills called Coyotepe and Barranca. Further foreign shore duty followed in the Philippines and China with the First Brigade and with the Marine Detachment, American Legation, Peking, China, in March 1916, Geiger joined Naval Air Station Pensacola, Florida, as a student naval aviator. He successfully completed the course and was designated an aviator in June 1917. He was designated Naval Aviator #49 on June 9,1917, further training followed and in July 1918, he arrived in France. He served with 5 Group, Royal Air Force at Dunkirk and he commanded a squadron of the First Marine Aviation Force and was attached to the Day Wing, Northern Bombing Group. He was detached to the United States in January 1919, for distinguished service in leading bombing raids against the enemy, he was awarded the Navy Cross. From December 1919 to January 1921, he was a commander with the Marine Aviation Force attached to the 1st Provisional Marine Brigade in Haiti. Upon return to the United States and after duty at the Marine Flying Field, Marine Barracks, MCB Quantico, Virginia, he attended Command and General Staff School at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas. Again he went to shore duty, commanding Observation Squadron Two with the First Brigade in Haiti. After attending the U. S. Army War College and graduating in June 1929, he was ordered to Quantico, in June 1935, he returned to Quantico as Commanding Officer, Aircraft One, Fleet Marine Force
26.
Joe Hendricks
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Joseph Edward Hendricks was a United States Representative from Florida. He was born at Lake Butler, Union County, Florida where he attended the rural schools and he also attended Stetson University in DeLand, Florida and graduated with an undergraduate degree in 1930 and a graduate degree from its law department in 1934. Hendricks was admitted to the bar in 1934 and commenced practice in DeLand, Hendricks was an attorney for the legal tax survey of Florida in 1934. He was elected as a Democrat to the Seventy-fifth and to the five succeeding Congresses and was not a candidate for renomination in 1948 to the Eighty-first Congress. After leaving Congress, he was president of Hendricks Homes, Inc. and chairman of the Planning Board, Plant City and he was also a member of the County Planning Commission, Hillsborough County, Florida. He resided in Plant City, Florida until his death in Lakeland and he was buried in Lakeland Memorial Cemetery. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
27.
Carol W. Hunstein
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Carol W. Hunstein is a Justice of the Supreme Court of Georgia. She has served on the court since 1992, Hunstein was born in Miami, Florida, on August 16,1944. By age 23, she was a divorced, single mother who had lost her leg to cancer. Upon graduation from FAU, Hunstein enrolled in the Stetson University College of Law, in 1976, she received her Juris Doctor, was admitted to the Georgia Bar Association, and subsequently went into private practice. Hunstein moved from Florida to Atlanta, Georgia, in 1976, having established herself in the legal community by 1984, she ran against four men for election to the Superior Court in DeKalb County and made it into the runoff. During the three-week runoff, for the first time Hunstein began using the slogan “This time, in November 1992, Hunstein was nominated to the Supreme Court of Georgia by Governor Zell Miller. She is the woman in Georgia history to serve in this position. Since her nomination to the court in 1992, Hunstein has been re-elected by voters three times, most recently in November 2006, Hunstein also serves as an adjunct professor at the Emory University School of Law. Hunsteins Official Campaign Website Hunsteins Supreme Court of Georgia Biography
28.
Gideon v. Wainwright
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Gideon v. Wainwright,372 U. S.335, is a landmark case in United States Supreme Court history. In it, the Supreme Court unanimously ruled that states are required under the Sixth Amendment to the U. S, constitution to provide counsel in criminal cases to represent defendants who are unable to afford to pay their own attorneys. Between midnight and 8,00 a. m. on June 3,1961, an unknown person broke a door, smashed a cigarette machine and a record player, and stole money from a cash register. Later that day, a reported that he had seen Clarence Earl Gideon in the poolroom at around 5,30 that morning, leaving with a wine bottle. Based on this alone, the police arrested Gideon and charged him with breaking and entering with intent to commit petty larceny. Under the laws of the State of Florida, the time the court can appoint counsel to represent a defendant is when that person is charged with a capital offense. I am sorry, but I will have to deny your request to appoint counsel to defend you in this case, GIDEON, The United States Supreme Court says I am entitled to be represented by counsel. The Florida court declined to appoint counsel for Gideon, as a result, he was forced to act as his own counsel and conduct his own defense in court, emphasizing his innocence in the case. At the conclusion of the trial the jury returned a guilty verdict, the court sentenced Gideon to serve five years in the state prison. G. Cochran later retired and was replaced with Louie L. Wainwright before the case was heard by the Supreme Court. Gideon argued in his appeal that he had been denied counsel and, therefore, his Sixth Amendment rights, the Supreme Court assigned Gideon a prominent Washington, D. C. attorney, future Supreme Court justice Abe Fortas of the law firm Arnold, Fortas & Porter. Opposing, Bruce Jacob, who later became Dean of the Mercer University School of Law and Dean of Stetson University College of Law, argued the case for the State of Florida. Fortas was assisted by longtime Arnold, Fortas & Porter partner Abe Krash and famed legal scholar John Hart Ely, the Supreme Courts decision was announced on March 18,1963, and delivered by Justice Hugo Black. The decision was announced as unanimous in favor of Gideon, three concurring opinions were written by Justices Clark, Douglas and Harlan. The Supreme Court decision specifically cited its previous ruling in Powell v. Alabama, whether or not the decision in Powell v. Alabama applied to non-capital cases had sparked heated debate. The Supreme Court remanded the case to the Supreme Court of Florida for further action not inconsistent with this decision. In the subsequent cases of Massiah v. United States,377 U. S.201 and Miranda v. Arizona 384 U. S.436, about 2000 individuals that had been convicted were freed in Florida alone as a result of the Gideon decision. The decision did not directly result in Gideon being freed, instead, Gideon chose W. Fred Turner to be his lawyer in his second trial
29.
Craig T. James
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James was born in Augusta, Richmond County, Georgia on May 5,1941. Currently a resides in DeLand, Florida and he graduated in 1959 from DeLand High School in Florida. Associate degree from the University of Florida in 1961,1963 he received his B. S. from Stetson University. From 1963-1969 he served in the National Guard and United States Army Reserve 1967 he attended J. D. Stetson University Law School, admitted to the bar the same year and commenced practice in DeLand 1971-1975 he was commissioner of DeLand Housing authority. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
30.
Frederick B. Karl
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Frederick Brennan Fred Karl was an American politician. He served in the Florida House of Representatives, Florida State Senate and he was born on May 14,1924 in Daytona Beach, Florida to Fred J. Karl and Mary Brennan. He attended Seabreeze High School while working as an usher at a local theatre, after graduation, he enrolled in the University of Florida and earned a Bachelor of Science in 1942. Later that year he was commissioned a lieutenant in the United States Army. He served in the European Theater of Operations and was wounded in the Battle of the Bulge and he was later awarded the Silver Star, Bronze Star Medal, and Purple Heart medals. In 1949 he received a law degree from Stetson University College of Law, Karl ran unsuccessfully for Governor of Florida in 1964. He was elected to the Florida House of Representatives for Volusia County in 1956 and he was elected to the state senate in 1968 and won an award the year after for Most Outstanding First Term Member of the Senate. He served in the Senate until 1971, in 1977 Karl was the last elected justice to the Florida Supreme Court, on which he served for one year. He retired and returned to practice in April 1978. He also headed the Tampa General Hospital in 1994, in 2004 Karl was the Interim City Attorney for Tampa Bay and an advisor hired by the Tampa-Hillsborough Expressway Authority in response to allegations of improper conduct by the Authority. He later retired from life for the fourth and final time. Karls hobbies included boating, fishing, swimming and he released his autobiography, The 57 Club, My Four Decades in Florida Politics, in 2010. In a 2010 news article, Karl told a reporter that he was suffering from disease along with a progressive form of Parkinsons disease. Karl was the winner of the 2004 Ralph A. Marsicano Award, Tampa mayor Pam Iorio proclaimed April 18,2008 in Tampa, Florida as named Frederick B. A government building in Hillsborough County, Florida is named for him, Fred Karl died at his home in Tampa. Photo of Karl and his wife in 2009 Frederick B, Karl Papers at the University of South Florida
31.
St. Petersburg College
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St. Petersburg College is a state college in Pinellas County, Florida. It is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools and enrolls about 65,000 students annually, the school was founded in 1927 as a private, two-year junior college, the first in Florida. It later became an institution, and grew to include campuses throughout Pinellas County. Today it has campuses and centers, four in St. Petersburg, Florida, and seven more in Seminole, Pinellas Park, Largo, Clearwater. It was created in part because of the economic downturn preceding the Great Depression as a way for students to receive a postsecondary education without having to relocate or pay high tuition. On opening day, the college consisted of 102 students and 14 faculty members, after one semester, SPJC moved its operations to a former high school facility overlooking Mirror Lake, where it remained until January 1942. SPJC became a college in 1948. After a 1959 study clearly illustrated the demand for a facility in northern Pinellas county, SPJC began planning the development of a second campus located in Clearwater. In 1962, the college acquired 72.8 acres of land in the vicinity of Drew Street and County Road 32, land previously contained an orange grove. Construction began on February 25,1964 and that same year, the new campus, consisting of only five buildings, was officially dedicated on November 21. Like almost all other Florida colleges, SPJC was all-white until the mid-1960s, a companion junior college for black students, Gibbs Junior College, opened its doors in 1957. Gibbs was placed under the supervision of SPJC in 1965, in 1966-67 the name was changed to the Skyway Campus of SPJC. The only association of todays Gibbs Campus of SPC with the former Gibbs Junior College is nominal, St. Petersburg College has no resident students. This is mostly because no single campus is large enough to warrant a need for student on-campus housing, many of the SPC campuses do not offer a large curriculum of available courses, but instead specialize in one or two specific fields. For example, the Caruth Health Education Center in Pinellas Park specializes in courses centering on health care, in total, SPCs University Partnership program offers 60 bachelors degrees and 39 graduate degrees. The two buildings mark the first LEED Gold higher education buildings in Pinellas County, as of 2007, of the 65,000 students enrolled in the institution,36,133 were enrolled in degree seeking programs, while 25,797 were non-degree seeking students. 16,051 of those students were female and 9,417 were male, the average ages of student enrollment proved to be in the range 20-24, which provided education to over 7,698 students. For four years in a row, St. Petersburg College was designated Florida’s leader in distance learning among the states 28 other community colleges and it ranked first in the number of courses offered and the number of students
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Rich McKay
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Rich McKay is the president, CEO, and former general manager of the Atlanta Falcons of the National Football League. He was the manager of the Tampa Bay Buccaneers when they won Super Bowl XXXVII. McKay is the youngest son of the late John McKay, who was the Buccaneers first head coach, McKay was a ball boy for the Buccaneers when his father was the head coach. While his father was coach at USC in Los Angeles, McKay played quarterback at Bishop Amat High School in La Puente. When John McKay took the Tampa Bay job he moved his family, including son Rich, McKay earned his bachelors degree from Princeton University in 1981 and graduated from Stetson University College of Law in 1984. Prior to entering the NFL, McKay was an attorney with the Tampa law firm of Hill, Ward, McKay and his wife, Terrin, have two sons, Hunter and John. As the new manager for the Buccaneers from 1994 to 2003, McKay directed six teams that reached the NFC playoffs. In 1996, McKay hired Tony Dungy as head coach, during his tenure as general manager, McKay drafted players such as Warren Sapp, John Lynch, Mike Alstott, Ronde Barber, Derrick Brooks, and Warrick Dunn. McKay constructed the 2002 Tampa Bay Buccaneers roster that featured seven Pro Bowl players, also, the Buccaneers 41 Pro Bowl selections between 1997 through 2002 were the most in the NFL. Sapp and Brooks – both selected by McKay in the first round of the 1995 NFL Draft – are now members of the Pro Football Hall of Fame. Sapp was enshrined in August 2013, Brooks is part of a seven-member 2014 Pro Football Hall of Fame class that was announced January February 1,2014 in New York City. According to the Pro Football Hall of Fame, McKay is the only General Manager in 94-year history of the NFL to have his first two picks as a GM be inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame. In December 2003, McKay left the Tampa Bay Buccaneers and was introduced as president, in his first season of directing operations, the Falcons went to the NFC Championship Game against the Philadelphia Eagles. In January 2008, the Falcons hired Thomas Dimitroff as general manager, mcKays Falcons in 2010-2011 had 9 Pro Bowlers. The Falcons broke ground on the new building on May 19,2014, McKay is believed to be the only current NFL executive who has been the point person for the negotiations and construction of two NFL stadiums. McKay is also the Chairman of the NFL Competition Committee, making him one of the more influential executives in the league, for the past six years, McKay has served on the NFL Management Council Working Group of League executives that helps advise on collective bargaining issues
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E. Clay Shaw Jr.
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Eugene Clay Shaw Jr. was an American politician who was a Republican member of the United States House of Representatives from 1981 until 2007. He represented the 22nd District of Florida until he was defeated by Ron Klein in the 2006 midterm election, Shaw was born in Miami, Florida. He graduated in 1957 from Miami Edison Senior High School, Shaw married the former Emilie Costar on August 22,1966. After graduating, Shaw practiced law and worked as a public accountant. In 1968, he became assistant city attorney in Fort Lauderdale and he was chief city prosecutor from 1968 to 1969 and an associate municipal judge from 1969 to 1971. Shaw was the city commissioner from 1971 to 1973. and vice mayor 1973 to 1975 and he then served as mayor of Fort Lauderdale from 1975 to 1981. During his tenure as mayor, Shaw served on the Advisory Board, Conference of Mayors, former President of the National Conference of Republican Mayors, and was named Special U. S. Ambassador to Papua New Guinea by President Gerald Ford. 1980 The 1980 election cycle provided National Republicans with the opportunity to gain Congressional seats, the district, one of Floridas first Republican areas, had been held by Republican J. Herbert Burke for 12 years before Stack ousted him in 1978. Having been turned down by two candidates, including state Senator Van Poole, National Congressional Republicans set their eyes on popular Fort Lauderdale mayor. After multiple attempts to convince Shaw to run for Congress, Shaw agreed, with the support of his wife, Emilie, and four young children, Shaw undertook the task of defeating an incumbent. However, Shaws candidacy received a significant boost when Stack was upset in the Democratic primary by a young Fort Lauderdale lawyer, Shaw and Becker faced off in a spirited November general election with Shaw winning 55 percent of the vote. Congressman-elect Shaw was on his way to Washington to represent Broward Countys 15th Congressional district, also in 1980, Ronald Reagan became the 40th President of the United States, and Republicans gained control of the United States Senate. 1982 Redistricting numbered Shaws district as the 15th District, Shaw faced a rematch against his predecessor, Ed Stack. However, Shaw turned back this challenge fairly easily, winning 57 percent of the vote,1984 Shaw won re-election with 66% against Democratic nominee Bill Humphrey. Also in 1984, President Reagan cruised to re-election defeating former Vice President Walter Mondale,1986 Shaw won re-election without opposition. Also in 1986, Democrats regained control of the United States Senate, Florida Governor Bob Graham defeated U. S. Senator Paula Hawkins, and the Mayor of Tampa, Bob Martinez was elected Governor of Florida,1988 Shaw won re-election with 66% against Democratic nominee Mike Kuhle. Also in 1988, Vice President George H. W. Bush defeated Massachusetts Governor Michael Dukakis to become the 41st President of the United States, Florida Congressman Connie Mack III was elected to the United States Senate
