1.
Pasadena, California
–
Pasadena /ˌpæsəˈdiːnə/ is a city in Los Angeles County, California, United States. As of 2013, the population of Pasadena was 139,731. Pasadena is the ninth-largest city in Los Angeles County, Pasadena was incorporated on June 19,1886, becoming one of the first cities be incorporated in what is now Los Angeles County, the only one being incorporated earlier being its namesake. It is one of the cultural centers of the San Gabriel Valley. The city is known for hosting the annual Rose Bowl football game, the original inhabitants of Pasadena and surrounding areas were members of the Native American Hahamog-na tribe, a branch of the Tongva Nation. They spoke the Tongva language and had lived in the Los Angeles Basin for thousands of years, Tongva dwellings lined the Arroyo Seco in present day Pasadena and south to where it joins the Los Angeles River and along other natural waterways in the city. The native people lived in thatched, dome-shape lodges and they lived on a diet of acorn meal, seeds and herbs, venison, and other small animals. They traded for fish with the coastal Tongva. They made cooking vessels from steatite soapstone from Catalina Island, the trail has been in continuous use for thousands of years. An arm of the trail is still in use in what is now known as Salvia Canyon. When the Spanish occupied the Los Angeles Basin they built the San Gabriel Mission and renamed the local Tongva people Gabrielino Indians, today, several bands of Tongva people live in the Los Angeles area. The Rancho comprised the lands of todays communities of Pasadena, Altadena, before the annexation of California in 1848, the last of the Mexican owners was Manuel Garfias who retained title to the property after statehood in 1850. Garfias sold sections of the property to the first Anglo settlers to come into the area, Dr. Benjamin Eaton, the father of Fred Eaton, much of the property was purchased by Benjamin Wilson, who established his Lake Vineyard property in the vicinity. Wilson, known as Don Benito to the local Indians, also owned the Rancho Jurupa and was mayor of Los Angeles and he was the grandfather of WWII General George S. Patton, Jr. and the namesake of Mount Wilson. Berry was an asthmatic and claimed that he had his best three nights sleep at Rancho San Pascual, to keep the find a secret, Berry code-named the area Muscat after the grape that Wilson grew. To raise funds to bring the company of people to San Pascual, Berry formed the Southern California Orange and Citrus Growers Association and sold stock in it. The newcomers were able to purchase a portion of the property along the Arroyo Seco and on January 31,1874. As a gesture of good will, Wilson added 2,000 acres of then-useless highland property, at the time, the Indiana Colony was a narrow strip of land between the Arroyo Seco and Fair Oaks Avenue
Pasadena, California
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Pasadena City Hall
Pasadena, California
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Pasadena, 1876
Pasadena, California
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Hotel Green, 1900
Pasadena, California
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Theme float "2010: A Cut Above the Rest" rolling down Colorado Boulevard during the parade
2.
Chicago, Illinois
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Chicago, officially the City of Chicago, is the third-most populous city in the United States. With over 2.7 million residents, it is the most populous city in the state of Illinois, and it is the county seat of Cook County. In 2012, Chicago was listed as a global city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network. Chicago has the third-largest gross metropolitan product in the United States—about $640 billion according to 2015 estimates, the city has one of the worlds largest and most diversified economies with no single industry employing more than 14% of the workforce. In 2016, Chicago hosted over 54 million domestic and international visitors, landmarks in the city include Millennium Park, Navy Pier, the Magnificent Mile, Art Institute of Chicago, Museum Campus, the Willis Tower, Museum of Science and Industry, and Lincoln Park Zoo. Chicagos culture includes the arts, novels, film, theater, especially improvisational comedy. Chicago also has sports teams in each of the major professional leagues. The city has many nicknames, the best-known being the Windy City, the name Chicago is derived from a French rendering of the Native American word shikaakwa, known to botanists as Allium tricoccum, from the Miami-Illinois language. The first known reference to the site of the current city of Chicago as Checagou was by Robert de LaSalle around 1679 in a memoir, henri Joutel, in his journal of 1688, noted that the wild garlic, called chicagoua, grew abundantly in the area. In the mid-18th century, the area was inhabited by a Native American tribe known as the Potawatomi, the first known non-indigenous permanent settler in Chicago was Jean Baptiste Point du Sable. Du Sable was of African and French descent and arrived in the 1780s and he is commonly known as the Founder of Chicago. In 1803, the United States Army built Fort Dearborn, which was destroyed in 1812 in the Battle of Fort Dearborn, the Ottawa, Ojibwe, and Potawatomi tribes had ceded additional land to the United States in the 1816 Treaty of St. Louis. The Potawatomi were forcibly removed from their land after the Treaty of Chicago in 1833, on August 12,1833, the Town of Chicago was organized with a population of about 200. Within seven years it grew to more than 4,000 people, on June 15,1835, the first public land sales began with Edmund Dick Taylor as U. S. The City of Chicago was incorporated on Saturday, March 4,1837, as the site of the Chicago Portage, the city became an important transportation hub between the eastern and western United States. Chicagos first railway, Galena and Chicago Union Railroad, and the Illinois, the canal allowed steamboats and sailing ships on the Great Lakes to connect to the Mississippi River. A flourishing economy brought residents from rural communities and immigrants from abroad, manufacturing and retail and finance sectors became dominant, influencing the American economy. The Chicago Board of Trade listed the first ever standardized exchange traded forward contracts and these issues also helped propel another Illinoisan, Abraham Lincoln, to the national stage
Chicago, Illinois
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Clockwise from top:
Downtown Chicago, the
Chicago Theatre, the
'L',
Navy Pier,
Millennium Park, the
Field Museum, and the
Willis Tower.
Chicago, Illinois
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Traditional
Potawatomi costume on display at the
Field Museum
Chicago, Illinois
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A 1903 painting of Chicago in 1833
Chicago, Illinois
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An artist's rendering of the
Great Chicago Fire of 1871
3.
Punk rock
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Punk rock is a rock music genre that developed in the early to mid-1970s in the United States, United Kingdom, and Australia. Rooted in 1960s garage rock and other forms of what is now known as proto-punk music, Punk bands typically produced short or fast-paced songs, with hard-edged melodies and singing styles, stripped-down instrumentation, and often political, anti-establishment lyrics. Punk embraces a DIY ethic, many bands self-produce recordings and distribute them through informal channels, the term punk was first used in relation to rock music by some American critics in the early 1970s, to describe garage bands and their devotees. The following year saw punk rock spreading around the world, for the most part, punk took root in local scenes that tended to reject association with the mainstream. An associated punk subculture emerged, expressing youthful rebellion and characterized by distinctive styles of clothing and adornment, by the beginning of the 1980s, faster, more aggressive styles such as hardcore and street punk had become the predominant mode of punk rock. Musicians identifying with or inspired by punk also pursued a range of other variations, giving rise to post-punk. At the end of the 20th century, punk rock had been adopted by the mainstream, as pop punk and punk bands such as Green Day. The first wave of rock was aggressively modern, distancing itself from the bombast. According to Ramones drummer Tommy Ramone, In its initial form, unfortunately, what happens is that people who could not hold a candle to the likes of Hendrix started noodling away. Soon you had endless solos that went nowhere, by 1973, I knew that what was needed was some pure, stripped down, no bullshit rock n roll. In critic Robert Christgaus description, It was also a subculture that rejected the political idealism. Technical accessibility and a DIY spirit are prized in punk rock, in the early days of punk rock, this ethic stood in marked contrast to what those in the scene regarded as the ostentatious musical effects and technological demands of many mainstream rock bands. Musical virtuosity was often looked on with suspicion, according to Holmstrom, punk rock was rock and roll by people who didnt have very many skills as musicians but still felt the need to express themselves through music. In December 1976, the English fanzine Sideburns published an illustration of three chords, captioned This is a chord, this is another, this is a third. The title of a 1980 single by the New York punk band Stimulators, inscribed a catchphrase for punks basic musical approach. The previous year, when the rock revolution began in Great Britain, was to be both a musical and a cultural Year Zero. As a Clash associate describes singer Joe Strummers outlook, Punk rock is meant to be our freedom, were meant to be able to do what we want to do. Scholar Daniel S. Traber argues that attaining authenticity in the identity can be difficult, as the punk scene matured, he observes
Punk rock
–
The
Ramones ' 1976
debut album laid down the musical "blueprint for punk", while its cover image had a similarly formative influence on punk visual style.
Punk rock
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Johnny Rotten and Steve Jones of the Sex Pistols
Punk rock
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The Clash, performing in 1980
Punk rock
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British punks, circa 1986
4.
Experimental rock
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Experimental rock is a subgenre of rock music which pushes the boundaries of common composition and performance technique or which experiments with the basic elements of the genre. From its inception, rock music was experimental, but it wasnt until the late 1960s that rock artists began creating extended, in 1967, the genre was as commercially viable as pop music, but by 1970, most of its leading players had incapacitated themselves in some form. In Germany, the krautrock subgenre merged elements of improvisation and psychedelic rock with avant-garde, later in the 1970s, significant musical crossbreeding took place in tandem with the developments of punk and new wave, DIY experimentation, and electronic music. Funk, jazz-rock, and fusion rhythms became integrated into experimental rock music. The first wave of 1980s experimental rock groups had few precedents for their sound. Later in the decade, avant-rock pursued a psychedelic aesthetic that differed from the self-consciousness, during the 1990s, a loose movement known as post-rock became the dominant form of experimental rock. As of the 2010s, the experimental rock has fallen to indiscriminate use, with virtually every modern rock band being categorized under prefixes such as post-, kraut-, psych-. Although experimentation had always existed in music, it wasnt until the late 1960s that new openings were created from the aesthetic intersecting with the social. In 1966, the boundaries between pop music and the avant-garde began to blur as rock albums were conceived and executed as distinct, self-taught rock musicians in the middle and late 1960s drew from the work of composers such as John Cage, Karlheinz Stockhausen, and Luciano Berio. In addition, The Quietus Ben Graham described duos the Silver Apples, calling attention to the very recordedness of the album. This would also be reflected in contemporary experimental rock LPs, such as the Beach Boys Pet Sounds and Smile, the Whos The Who Sell Out and Tommy. The Velvet Underground were a group in experimental rock, according to Rosenberg. Peppers inspired a new consideration for experimental rock as commercially viable music, as progressive rock developed, experimental rock acquired notoriety alongside art rock. By 1970, most of the musicians which had been at the forefront of rock had incapacitated themselves. Groups such as Can, Faust, Neu, the ideas of minimalism and composers such as Stockhausen would be particularly influential. During this era, funk, jazz-rock, and fusion rhythms became integrated into experimental rock music, some groups who were categorized as post-punk considered themselves part of an experimental rock trajectory, with This Heat as one of the prominent players. Anderson claims that the no wave scene represented New York’s last stylistically cohesive avant-rock movement, steve Redhead noted the resuscitation of New Yorks avant-rock scene, including artists such as Sonic Youth and John Zorn, in the 1980s. In the late 1980s, avant-rock pursued a frazzled, psychedelia-tinged, blissed out aesthetic that differed from the self-consciousness, the UK shoegaze scene was seen by some as a continuation of an experimental rock tradition
Experimental rock
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Einstürzende Neubauten
Experimental rock
–
Sonic Youth
Experimental rock
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Animal Collective performing live in Prague on October 14, 2008
Experimental rock
–
Prepared guitar
5.
Alternative rock
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Alternative rock is a genre of rock music that emerged from the independent music underground of the 1980s and became widely popular in the 1990s and 2000s. In this instance, the word refers to the genres distinction from mainstream rock music. The terms original meaning was broader, referring to a generation of musicians unified by their debt to either the musical style or simply the independent. Ethos of punk rock, which in the late 1970s laid the groundwork for alternative music, Alternative rock is a broad umbrella term consisting of music that differs greatly in terms of its sound, its social context, and its regional roots. Most of these subgenres had achieved minor mainstream notice and a few bands representing them, such as Hüsker Dü, with the breakthrough of Nirvana and the popularity of the grunge and Britpop movements in the 1990s, alternative rock entered the musical mainstream and many alternative bands became successful. By the end of the decade, alternative rocks mainstream prominence declined due to a number of events that caused grunge and Britpop to fade, emo attracted attention in the larger alternative rock world, and the term was applied to a variety of artists, including multi-platinum acts. Post-punk revival artists such as Modest Mouse and The Killers had commercial success in the early, before the term alternative rock came into common usage around 1990, the sort of music to which it refers was known by a variety of terms. In 1979, Terry Tolkin used the term Alternative Music to describe the groups he was writing about, in 1979 Dallas radio station KZEW had a late night new wave show entitled Rock and Roll Alternative. College rock was used in the United States to describe the music during the 1980s due to its links to the radio circuit. In the United Kingdom, dozens of small do it yourself record labels emerged as a result of the punk subculture, according to the founder of one of these labels, Cherry Red, NME and Sounds magazines published charts based on small record stores called Alternative Charts. The first national chart based on distribution called the Indie Chart was published in January 1980, at the time, the term indie was used literally to describe independently distributed records. By 1985, indie had come to mean a particular genre, or group of subgenres, at first the term referred to intentionally non–mainstream rock acts that were not influenced by heavy metal ballads, rarefied new wave and high-energy dance anthems. The use of alternative gained further exposure due to the success of Lollapalooza, for which festival founder, in the late 1990s, the definition again became more specific. Defining music as alternative is often difficult because of two conflicting applications of the word, the name alternative rock essentially serves as an umbrella term for underground music that has emerged in the wake of punk rock since the mid-1980s. Alternative bands during the 1980s generally played in clubs, recorded for indie labels. Sounds range from the gloomy soundscapes of gothic rock to the guitars of indie pop to the dirty guitars of grunge to the 1960s/1970s revivalism of Britpop. This approach to lyrics developed as a reflection of the social and economic strains in the United States and United Kingdom of the 1980s, by 1984, a majority of groups signed to independent record labels mined from a variety of rock and particularly 1960s rock influences. This represented a break from the futuristic, hyper-rational post-punk years
Alternative rock
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One of the first popular alternative rock bands,
R.E.M. relied on
college-radio airplay, constant touring, and a grassroots fanbase to break into the musical mainstream.
Alternative rock
–
Kim Gordon and
Thurston Moore of
Sonic Youth
Alternative rock
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Robert Smith of
The Cure rejects the genre labels like alternative,
gothic rock, and
college rock applied to his band. He has said, "Every time we went to America we had a different tag... I can't remember when we officially became 'alt-rock'".
Alternative rock
–
Kurt Cobain (foreground) and
Krist Novoselic with
Nirvana live at the 1992 MTV Video Music Awards.
6.
Touch and Go Records
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Touch and Go Records is an American independent record label based in Chicago, Illinois. After its genesis as a fanzine in 1979, it grew into one of the key record labels in the American 1980s underground. Touch & Go carved out a reputation for releasing adventurous noise rock by the likes of the Butthole Surfers, Big Black and these labels presided over the shift from the hardcore punk that then dominated the American underground scene to the more diverse styles of alternative rock that were emerging. The zine was formed in 1979 in East Lansing, Michigan as Touch and Go magazine and it wasnt until 1981 that it grew into an independent record label. Vee was bored with the sounds of the day. Inspired, he put out records by the Necros, The Fix, the Meatmen, in 1981, Necros bassist Corey Rusk joined with Tesco to run the label. In 1983, Tesco handed Touch and Go over to Rusk, with the label under their ownership, the Rusks hired Terry Tolkin who signed the Butthole Surfers and Virgin Prunes to the label, and also produced the Gods Favorite Dog compilation. Lisa Rusk left the label after she and Corey were divorced, Corey Rusk continues to run the label. In this way, the built an respected catalog of influential punk. However, following a 1999 legal dispute with the Butthole Surfers, Touch, in 2006, Touch and Go celebrated its 25th anniversary. To commemorate this occasion, the label held a block party event at Chicagos Hideout venue on September 8–10,2006. Several seminal bands, including Big Black, Scratch Acid, the Didjits, Killdozer, Negative Approach, reunited and performed at the event. On February 18,2009, Corey Rusk announced that Touch and he cited the current state of the economy as the reason for shutting down manufacturing and distribution services for many independent labels like Jade Tree, Kill Rock Stars, and Merge Records. A 576-page book, Touch and Go, The Complete Hardcore Punk Zine 79-83, compiling all issues of the Touch and Go fanzine was released June 30,2010 by Bazillion Points. Their approach to contracts was challenged in a case started in 1999 by the Butthole Surfers. The band argued that because its contract with T&G was of an unspecified duration, the contract could be terminated. Touch and Go argued that according to existing US copyright law, it controlled the copyright to the recordings for a minimum of 35 years. 203, but rather is, in fact, in keeping with the intent of sec.203, list of record labels Quarterstick Records, a sublabel of Touch and Go Chicago Record Labels Tupica, Rich, Touch and Go zine feature in City Pulse
Touch and Go Records
–
Touch and Go Records
7.
Big Black
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Big Black was an American punk rock band from Evanston, Illinois, active from 1981 to 1987. Founded by singer and guitarist Steve Albini, the initial lineup also included guitarist Santiago Durango and bassist Jeff Pezzati. In 1985 Pezzati was replaced by Dave Riley, who played on Big Blacks two full-length studio albums, Atomizer and Songs About Fucking. Big Blacks aggressive and abrasive music was characterized by distinctively clanky guitars, though the bands lyrics contained controversial material, the lyrics were meant to serve as a commentary or a display of distaste for the subject matter. They were staunchly critical of the nature of rock, shunning the mainstream music industry. At the height of their success, they booked their own tours, paid for their own recordings, refused to sign contracts, in doing so they had a significant impact on the aesthetic and political development of independent and underground rock music. In addition to two albums, Big Black released two live albums, two compilation albums, four EPs, and five singles, all through independent record labels. Most of the catalog was kept in print through Touch. Big Black was founded by Steve Albini in 1981 during his year of college at Northwestern University. He also DJd for the radio station, from which he was repeatedly fired for playing loud. Albini began playing in bands, including a short-lived arty new wave act called Stations that featured a drum machine. However, he was unable to find musicians who could play the songs to his satisfaction. Albini named his new musical project Big Black, calling the moniker just sort of a reduction of the concept of a large, scary, all the historical images of fear and all the things that kids are afraid of are all big and black, basically. In early 1983 Albini met Naked Raygun singer Jeff Pezzati through mutual friends, the two practiced in Pezzatis basement, and one day Naked Raygun guitarist Santiago Durango came downstairs and asked to play along. The trio clicked as a unit, Durangos ability to rework arrangements, according to Albini, He ended up being absolutely crucial to Big Black. Albini achieved a signature sound with his guitar by using metal guitar picks notched with sheet metal clips. Even with Bulldozer released, Big Black drew very small crowds in their native Chicago and they began venturing outside of Illinois to play shows in Madison, Minneapolis, Detroit, and Muncie, transporting themselves and their equipment in a cramped car and sleeping on peoples floors. Albini handled much of the bands logistics himself, setting up rehearsals, booking studio time, looking for better distribution of their records, Big Black negotiated a deal with Homestead Records
Big Black
–
Big Black at Chicago's
Union Station in 1986; left to right: Riley, Albini, and Durango
Big Black
–
A Roland TR-606 drum machine, the model Albini used to create Big Black's drum sound.
Big Black
–
Steve Albini performing with Shellac in 2007.
8.
Shellac (band)
–
Shellac is an American post-hardcore band from Chicago, Illinois, composed of Steve Albini, Bob Weston and Todd Trainer and formed in 1992. Their music genre has been classified as post-hardcore but they describe themselves as a minimalist rock trio, Shellac formed in Chicago, Illinois, in 1992 as an informal collaboration between guitarist Steve Albini and drummer Todd Trainer. Former Naked Raygun bassist Camilo Gonzalez sat in on rehearsals and played on one song on Shellacs first single before permanent bassist Bob Weston, formerly of Bostons Volcano Suns. Shellac has a distinctive, minimalist sound based on asymmetric time signatures, repetitive rhythms, a guitar sound. Songs typically do not have traditional verse/chorus/verse structure and the arrangements are sparse, Albini is also known to use copper plectrums and typically wraps his guitar strap around his waist rather than over his shoulder. The band prefers the intimacy of smaller clubs and live appearances are sporadic, both Weston and Albini are recording engineers. They prefer a sparse, analog recording sound with little or no overdubbing, Shellac also played a Halloween show as Sex Pistols, featuring former Jesus Lizard and Scratch Acid singer David Yow as Johnny Rotten. In 2002, the band curated the All Tomorrows Parties festival in Camber Sands, knowing that most of the audience had come specifically to see Shellac, the band went on first every morning as an incentive for the festival-goers to be up in time to see the other acts. A CD of tracks from the bands performing at the festival was released on ATP Records, in April 2013, Albini stated that a fifth Shellac LP was just about finished although it had no projected release date. It would most likely feature nine songs and be released on Touch, in November 2013, the band played the final holiday camp edition of the All Tomorrows Parties festival in Camber Sands, England. The bands fifth LP, Dude Incredible, was released on September 16,2014, at Action Park Terraform 1000 Hurts Excellent Italian Greyhound Dude Incredible A detailed gear diagram of Steve Albinis 2000 Shellac guitar rig was available. A detailed gear diagram of Bob Westons 2000 Shellac bass rig was available, official website Action Park, Incomplete Discography Southern Records biography page Steve Albinis studio
Shellac (band)
–
Shellac performing live in Hamburg, Nov. 1, 2014
Shellac (band)
–
Shellac posing at Shibuya, Japan
9.
Pigface
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Pigface is an industrial music supergroup formed in 1990 by Martin Atkins and William Rieflin. Pigface was formed from Ministrys The Mind is a Terrible Thing to Taste tour, for the tour, Al Jourgensen brought Atkins, Nivek Ogre and Chris Connelly. Also on the tour was Rieflin, regular Ministry drummer at the time, while Atkins enjoyed the dynamic of playing with a second drummer, he felt that the lineup was capable of doing much more than being, what he has frequently called, a Ministry cover band. Once the tour was over, Atkins and Rieflin decided to continue working together, trent Reznor was also an early partner, before Nine Inch Nails became a household name. Suck, co-written and sung by Reznor, was something of an underground hit, Rieflin eventually left Pigface, leaving Atkins in charge. The hundreds of collaborators to record and perform with Pigface have ensured that each album, tour. However, this practice has led to negative criticism due to a perceived lack of continuity. In 2009, Full Effect Records, a Detroit-based label, announced the signing of Pigface, the Pigface album,6, followed shortly after. After a seven-year hiatus, Pigface returned for two Chicago performances in November 2016, the first was a rehearsal show held at Reggies on November 24. On November 25, the performed at House of Blues. Both shows saw the band performing with members as well as the return of members like Lesley Rankine, En Esch, Mary Byker, Curse Mackey, Dirk Flannigan. Several offshoot bands of Pigface, all smaller sized all-star groups featuring Martin Atkins as a member, have released albums during the time Pigface was active. The Damage Manual, Ritalin, Martin Atkins And The Chicago Industrial League, Spasm, Pigface concerts are characterized by high-energy performances. It is not unusual to see upwards of ten musicians on stage at any time during a show. In addition, members of the audience have occasionally been invited on stage during the encore, gub Fook Notes From Thee Underground A New High in Low Easy Listening
Pigface
–
Members of Pigface in 1991 in
Palo Alto,
California; left to right:
Chris Connelly,
Nivek Ogre,
Martin Atkins
10.
Pegboy
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Pegboy is an American punk band from Chicago, Illinois with a relatively large cult following. They were founded in 1990 by John Haggerty, along with his brother Joe Haggerty, Larry Damore, both Damore and Saylors had been members of Chicago-based hardcore band Bhopal Stiffs, whose 1987 demo had been produced by John Haggerty. Pegboys 1990 debut EP, Three-Chord Monte, was also the first release by Quarterstick Records, Steve Saylors dropped out in 1992 after job commitments prevented him from touring. Steve Albini, a friend of the band, filled the bass slot on the Fore EP. Former Naked Raygun bassist Pierre Kezdy became the permanent bass player in 1994, after the reformation of Naked Raygun, Mike Thompson took over for Kezdy on bass. Pegboy supposedly played a show on New Years Eve in 1999. Pegboy has been touring through the summer of 2009 with Face to Face, rise Againsts Tim McIlrath, Alkaline Trios Matt Skiba, as well as Shai Huluds Matt Fox are big Pegboy fans. Larry Damore — vocals, guitar Joe Haggerty — drums John Haggerty — guitar Skinny Mike Thompson — bass Steve Saylors — bass J, all three record for Chicagos fiercely independent Touch and Go combine, which specializes in abrasive guitars over relentless rhythms and a minimum of melody. The band has a knack for writing anthemic choruses in the tradition of guitarist John Haggertys former band and this workmanlike band inherits the Chicago muscle n melody tradition of Naked Raygun. Touch and Go/Quarterstick Records Official Myspace page
Pegboy
–
Live in 2011
11.
Travis Bean
–
Clifford Travis Bean was an American luthier and machinist from California. In 1974, he partnered with Marc McElwee and Gary Kramer to start Travis Bean Guitars and this was an unusual design, departing from more traditional wood necked instruments. The aluminum center section ran through the instrument body, with the pickups directly mounted to the aluminum, the majority of these instruments featured solid koa wood bodies and humbucker pickups. Though praised for their sound, the use of aluminum necks also made Travis Bean guitars heavier than other electric guitars, models included the Artist, Standard, Wedge, and TB500 with single coil pickups. Kramer and Bean parted ways in 1975, with the former starting Kramer Guitars, around 3,600 guitars and basses were produced between 1974 and 1979. In the late 1990s, Bean teamed with master machinist/designer B. Kelly Condon and produced a run of 24 high end and these guitars and basses were aluminum-neck instruments, each machined from a 125-pound billet of 7075 aluminum. The pans weighed just over 4 pounds when finished and all were numbered and identified inside the pan. A documentary called Sustain about Travis Bean guitars and the individuals that built these historic instruments, used a black TB500 during the Rolling Stones 1978 Saturday Night Live performance. Brian Robertson played a TB1000A during his time with Thin Lizzy Kelly Ryall played a TB1000 during early High Pass Filter shows, slash played a TB1000S live when he was still with Guns N Roses. Only known use was on the song Bad Obsession Rick Nielsen - Played a red, both pictured in his book Guitars of The Stars. Billy Rowe Jetboy Ace Frehley - Played a black TB1000S in the 75 KISS ALIVE era, ron Wood - played a TB2000 on the Rolling Stones 1975 tour, a TB1000A and a white TB500 during the 1979 New Barbarians tour. Colin Newman of Wire played a TB1000A during the mid-1980s, garry Shider of Parliament Funkadelic Alex Kane of AntiProduct, on the recommendation of bandmate Nino Del Pesco, was asked by Travis to test an early guitar prototype during a gig at the Garage. It was the first, and possibly only, time a guitar from the new run was played during a live performance, rich Zoran of Bacchus Lotus played TB1000A in the early 1980s. Milić Vukašinović of Vatreni Poljubac during whole career, chosei Funahara of Plasmatics - played two of black TB4000 Wedges Mick Karn of Japan - played a fretless TB2000 serial number 002 Vincent Gallo plays a TB2000 and a TB4000 Wedge bass. Tim Midgett of Bottomless Pit and Silkworm - plays TB4000 Wedge, during Silkworm, Tim played a TB1000S modified to baritone and TB2000. Bob Weston of Shellac and the Volcano Suns Bill Wyman of the Rolling Stones -Wyman used a custom made short-scale TB2000 from 1977 until 1986, a total of 4 short-scale TB2000 bases were made for Wyman. Peggy Foster, The Runaways, Steve Vai, TB4000 Wedge Bass #25, liam Andrews of My Disco plays a TB2000. Bruce Hauser of Touch, Stepson & Honeymoon played a Flamed Koa TB20001977 -1978 and it was a gift from Marc McElwee and later stolen when Bruces home was burglarized
Travis Bean
–
Steve Albini, tuning the TB500 onstage
12.
Electrical Audio
–
Electrical Audio is a recording facility founded in Chicago, Illinois by musician and recording engineer Steve Albini in 1997. Hundreds of independent music projects have been recorded there, the rooms are also designed to offer natural reverberation rather than adding the quality in post-production. Norman also went on to write that Albini, who dislikes digital recording, so dont ask him about it. The facility was built by gutting an existing building and customizing the space to Albinis specifications, Electrical Audio comprises two separate studios, A and B. Studio A is the larger of the two studios and has three separate performance rooms, center Field is the largest at 1,200 square feet, Alcatraz is a dry environment room and Kentucky is a brighter live room with improved low frequency linearity. The control room runs a 48 channel Neotek Elite console and can accommodate up to 132 inputs, studio B is the smaller of the two studios with an 800 square feet live room and a 300 square feet isolation room. The control room runs a 36 input Neotek Series II console, list of Steve Albinis recording projects, many of which were recorded at this studio Steve Albini—Sound Engineer Extraordinaire. ElectricalAudio. com is Electrical Audios home webpage
Electrical Audio
–
Studio A in November 2011, with the adobe bricks in the background and a variety of vintage keyboards visible.
13.
Recording studio
–
A recording studio is a facility for sound recording and mixing. Ideally both the recording and monitoring spaces are designed by an acoustician or audio engineer to achieve optimum acoustic properties. The engineers and producers listen to the music and the recorded tracks on monitor speakers and/or headphones. Major recording studios typically have a range of large, heavy, Isolation booths are small sound-insulated rooms with doors, designed for instrumentalists. This equipment may interfere with the recording process, Recording studios are carefully designed around the principles of room acoustics to create a set of spaces with the acoustical properties required for recording sound with precision and accuracy. This will consist of both room treatment and soundproofing to prevent sound from leaving the property. Even though sound isolation is a key goal, the musicians, singers, audio engineers and record producers still need to be able to see other, to see cue gestures. As such, the room, isolation booths, vocal booths. Some smaller studios do not have instruments, and bands and artists are expected to bring their own instruments, having musical instruments and equipment in the studio creates additional costs for a studio, as pianos have to be tuned and instruments need to be maintained. However, it makes it convenient for recording artists, as they do not have to bring in large. As well, less costly studio time is spent moving in gear, drummers bring their own snare drum, cymbals and sticks/brushes. The types and brands of equipment owned by a studio depends on the styles of music for the bands. A studio that mainly records heavy metal music will be likely to have large, powerful guitar amp heads, in contrast, a studio which mainly records country bands will likely have a selection of small, vintage combo amps. A studio that records a lot of 1970s-style funk may have an electric piano. General purpose computers have rapidly assumed a role in the recording process. A computer thus outfitted is called a Digital Audio Workstation, or DAW, other software applications include Ableton Live, Mixcraft, Cakewalk Sonar, ACID Pro, FL Studio, Adobe Audition, Auto-Tune, Audacity, and Ardour. While Apple Macintosh is used for most studio work, there is a breadth of available for Microsoft Windows. If no mixing console is used and all mixing is done using only a keyboard and mouse, the OTB is used when mixing with other hardware and not just the PC software
Recording studio
–
The control room of a recording studio
Recording studio
–
An audio production facility at
An-Najah National University
Recording studio
–
Neve VR60, a multitrack mixing console.
Recording studio
–
Allen & Heath GS3000 analogue mixing console in a home studio
14.
Noise rock
–
Noise rock is a diverse style of experimental rock that spun off from punk rock in the 1980s. Some groups are tied to song structures, such as Sonic Youth, while the music had been around for some time, the term noise rock was coined in the 1980s to describe an offshoot of punk groups with an increasingly abrasive approach. An archetypal album is the Velvet Undergrounds White Light/White Heat, treblezines Joe Gross credits the cult classic with being the first noise rock album, accordingly, perhaps it’s an obvious starting point, but it’s also the starting point. Sonic Youths Thurston Moore explained, Noise has taken the place of punk rock, people who play noise have no real aspirations to being part of the mainstream culture. Punk has been co-opted, and this subterranean noise music and the folk scene have replaced it. Starting in the 1990s, noise punk developed mostly as a form of party music, with the band Lightning Bolt serving as key players in the 2000s noise punk scene in Providence, Rhode Island
Noise rock
–
Steve Albini
Noise rock
–
Melt-Banana
Noise rock
–
Lightning Bolt
Noise rock
–
Comparative Anatomy
15.
Post-hardcore
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Like post-punk, the term has been applied to a broad constellation of groups. Hardcore punk typically features very fast tempos, loud volume, and heavy bass levels, additionally, many of these bands vocalists were just as likely to deliver their lyrics with a whispered croon as they were a maniacal yelp. Allmusic also claims that post-hardcore bands find creative ways to build and release tension rather than airing their dirty laundry in short, sharp, british post-punk of the late 1970s and early 1980s has been seen as influential on the musical development of post-hardcore bands. As the genre progressed some of these groups also experimented with an array of influences, including soul, dub, funk, jazz. Groups such as Saccharine Trust, Naked Raygun, and The Effigies, during the early to mid-1980s, the desire to experiment with hardcores basic template expanded to many musicians that had been associated with the genre or had strong roots in it. Many of these also took inspiration from the 1980s noise rock scene pioneered by Sonic Youth. Some bands signed to the independent label Homestead Records, including Squirrel Bait, a reviewer noted that the groups 1989s release Wrong was one of the most aggressive and powerful opuses in post-hardcore ever made. During the years 1984 and 1985 in the scene, a new movement had swept over. When The Faith put out the EP Subject to Change in 1983 it marked an evolution in the sound of D. C. hardcore. This movement has been widely known as the Revolution Summer. Other bands have been perceived as taking inspiration from such as funk. According to Eric Grubbs, a nickname was developed for the new sound, with some considering it post-harDCore, the latter, mentioned in skateboarding magazine Thrasher, would come up in discussions around the D. C. area. In the nearby state of Maryland, similar bands that are categorized now as post-hardcore would also emerge and this group has also been considered as one of the earliest emo acts. The second half of the 1980s saw the formation of bands in D. C. which included Shudder to Think, Jawbox, The Nation of Ulysses. MacKaye described this period as the busiest that the Dischord Records label had ever seen. Most of these acts, along with ones, would contribute to the 1989 compilation State of the Union. It has also noted that the groups ever-evolving sound would signal a more experimental turn in hardcore that paved the way for later Dischord releases. Similarly, the debut studio album, 1990s Repeater, has also been generally regarded as a classic
Post-hardcore
–
Shellac (
Steve Albini) in concert.
Post-hardcore
–
Fugazi during their last pre-hiatus tour, 2002. The band's influence was summarized by reviewer Andy Kellman with the following statement: "To many, Fugazi meant as much to them as
Bob Dylan did to their parents."
Post-hardcore
–
The VSS performing in 1997. While formed in
Boulder, Colorado, the group has been associated with the post-hardcore sound developed in San Diego and led by independent labels like
Gravity.
Post-hardcore
–
Silverstein (
Shane Told) in concert.
16.
Math rock
–
Math rock is characterized by complex, atypical rhythmic structures, counterpoint, odd time signatures, angular melodies, and extended, often dissonant, chords. This rhythmic complexity, seen as mathematical in character by many listeners, the sound is usually dominated by guitars and drums as in traditional rock, and because of the complex rhythms, the drums section of math rock groups tend to be more salient than in other genres. It is commonplace to find guitarists in rock groups using the tapping method of guitar playing. Guitars are also played in clean tones more than in other upbeat rock songs. Lyrics are generally not the focus of math rock, the voice is treated as just another sound in the mix. Often, vocals are not overdubbed, and are positioned low in the mix, as in the style of Steve Albini. Many of math rocks most famous groups are entirely instrumental such as Don Caballero or Hella, the term math rock has often been passed off as a joke that has developed into what some believe is a musical style. An advocate of this is Matt Sweeney, singer with Chavez, the Canadian punk rock group Nomeansno have been cited by music critics as a secret influence on math rock, predating much of the genres development by more than a decade. An even more group of the same era, Massacre, featured the guitarist Fred Frith. With some influence from the energy of punk, Massacres influential music used complex rhythmic characteristics. Black Flags 1984 album My War also included unusual polyrhythms, bands such as Because of Ghosts, The Sinking Citizenship, and My Disco emerged in the early 2000s in Melbourne. The European math rock scene started in the late 90s to early 2000, including such as Adebisi Shank, Kobong, The Redneck Manifesto, Three Trapped Tigers and This Town Needs Guns. The most significant Japanese groups include Ruins, Zeni Geva, Boredoms, Aburadako, Tricot, yona-Kit is a collaboration between Japanese and U. S. musicians. Other Japanese groups which incorporate math rock in their music include Ling Tosite Sigure, Toe, Zazen Boys, Lite, skin Graft Records and Tzadik Records have released Japanese math rock albums in the United States. Bands from Washington, D. C. include The Dismemberment Plan, Shudder to Think, Hoover, Faraquet,1.6 Band, Autoclave, later Jawbox, the Richmond, VA-based Breadwinner inspired bands such as Fulflej and Lamb of God. Polvo of Chapel Hill, North Carolina is often considered math rock, in California, math rock groups from San Diego include Upsilon Acrux, Drive Like Jehu, Antioch Arrow, Tristeza, No Knife, Heavy Vegetable and Sleeping People. Northern California was the base of Game Theory and The Loud Family, the origin of Game Theorys name is mathematical, suggesting a nearly mathy sound cited as IQ rock. Bands in the late 90s and 2000s, such as This Town Needs Guns and American Football, began combining Math rock and Emo, in the mid-2000s, many math rock bands enjoyed renewed popularity
Math rock
–
Slint performing
Spiderland in its entirety at the Pitchfork Music Festival
17.
Missoula, Montana
–
Missoula /mᵻˈzuːlə/ is a city in the U. S. state of Montana and is the county seat of Missoula County. In 2015, the United States Census Bureau estimated the population at 71,022. In the 1990s, Missoula overtook Great Falls as Montana’s second‑largest city, Missoula is home to the University of Montana, a public research university. Missoula was founded in 1860 as Hellgate Trading Post while still part of Washington Territory, by 1866, the settlement had moved east,5 miles upstream, and renamed Missoula Mills, later shortened to Missoula. The mills provided supplies to settlers traveling along the Mullan Road. The establishment of Fort Missoula in 1877 to protect settlers further stabilized the economy, the arrival of the Northern Pacific Railway in 1883 brought rapid growth and the maturation of the local lumber industry. In 1893, the Montana Legislature chose the city as the site for the states first university, along with the U. S. Forest Service headquarters founded in 1908, lumber and the university remained staples of the local economy for the next hundred years. The city is governed by a government with twelve city council members. Notable residents include the first woman in the U. S. Congress, Jeannette Rankin, archaeological artifacts date the Missoula Valleys earliest inhabitants to the end of the last ice age 12,000 years ago with settlements as early as 3500 BCE. From the 1700s until European settlements began a years later, it was primarily the Salish, Kootenai, Pend dOreille, Blackfeet. Hell Gate would remain the name of the area until it was renamed Missoula in 1866, the Lewis and Clark Expedition brought the first U. S. citizens to the area. They twice stopped just south of Missoula at Travelers Rest and they camped there the first time on their westbound trip in September 1805. When they stayed there again on their return in June–July 1806, Clark left heading south along the Bitterroot River and Lewis traveled north, then east, through Hellgate Canyon. The desire for a more convenient water supply to power a lumber, the Missoula Mills replaced Hell Gate Village as the economic power of the valley and replaced it as the county seat in 1866. The name Missoula came from the Salish name for the Clark Fork River, nmesuletkw, Fort Missoula was established in 1877 to help protect further arriving settlers. Growth accelerated with the arrival of the Northern Pacific Railway in 1883, in 1893, Missoula was chosen as the location of the states first university, the University of Montana. The continued economic windfall from railroad construction and lumber mills led to a boom in Missoulas population. A. B. Hammond and Copper Kings Marcus Daly and William A. Clark competed fiercely in the region over lumber share, the United States Forest Service work in Missoula began in 1905
Missoula, Montana
–
Missoula, Montana
Missoula, Montana
–
Teepees at the site of Missoula, south of the
Clark Fork River, facing northeast
Missoula, Montana
–
View of Downtown from Mt. Sentinel
Missoula, Montana
–
Missoula Valley
18.
Italian American
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Italian Americans are an ethnic group comprising Americans who have full or partial ancestry from Italy, especially those who identify with that ancestry, along with their cultural characteristics. Italian Americans are the fourth largest European ethnic group in the United States, about 5.5 million Italians immigrated to the United States from 1820 to 2004. Immigration began in earnest during the 1870s, when more than twice as many Italians immigrated than during the five previous decades altogether. The 1870s were followed by the greatest surge of immigration, which occurred in the period between 1880 and 1914 and brought more than 4 million Italians to America. This period of large scale immigration ended abruptly with the onset of the First World War in 1914 and, except for one year, further immigration would be greatly limited by a number of restrictive laws passed by Congress in the 1920s. Approximately 84% of the Italian immigrants came from Southern Italy and Sicily, after unification, the Italian government initially encouraged emigration to relieve economic pressures in the South. After the American Civil War, which resulted in over a million killed or wounded, immigrant workers were recruited from Italy. In the United States, most Italians began their new lives as manual laborers in Eastern cities, mining camps, Italian Americans gradually moved from the lower rungs of the economic scale in the first generation to a level comparable to the national average by 1970. By 1990, more than 65% of Italian Americans were managerial, professional, the Italian-American communities have often been characterized by strong ties with family, the Catholic Church, fraternal organizations and political parties. Today, over 17 million Americans claim Italian ancestry, third only to Brazil with 31 million, and Argentina, Italians and their descendants in America have helped to shape the country and, in turn, have adapted to it. They have gained prominence in politics, sports, the media, the arts, the culinary arts. Italian navigators and explorers played a key role in the discovery, exploration, christopher Columbus, the explorer who first reached the Americas in 1492–1504, was Italian. Another notable Italian explorer, Amerigo Vespucci, who explored the east coast of South America between 1499 and 1502, is the source of the name America. Englands claims in North America were based on the voyages of the Italian explorer John Cabot, in 1524 the Italian explorer Giovanni da Verrazzano was the first European to map the Atlantic coast of todays United States, and to enter New York Bay. In 1539, Marco da Nizza, explored the territory later became the states of Arizona. In the 17th century, Henri de Tonti, together with the French explorer LaSalle, De Tonti founded the first European settlement in Illinois in 1679, and in Arkansas in 1683. With LaSalle, he co-founded New Orleans, and was governor of the Louisiana Territory for the next 20 years and his brother Alphonse de Tonty, with French explorer Antoine Cadillac, was the co-founder of Detroit in 1701, and was its acting colonial governor for 12 years. Spain and France were Catholic countries and sent many missionaries to convert the native population, included among these missionaries were numerous Italians
Italian American
–
Amadeo Giannini
Italian American
Italian American
–
Fiorello LaGuardia
Italian American
–
Vincent R. Capodanno
19.
Piedmont
–
Piedmont is one of the 20 regions of Italy. It has an area of 25,402 square kilometres and a population of about 4.6 million, the capital of Piedmont is Turin. The name Piedmont comes from medieval Latin Pedemontium or Pedemontis, i. e. ad pedem montium, meaning “at the foot of the mountains”. Other towns of Piedmont with more than 20,000 inhabitants sorted by population and it borders with France, Switzerland and the Italian regions of Lombardy, Liguria, Aosta Valley and for a very small fragment with Emilia Romagna. The geography of Piedmont is 43. 3% mountainous, along with areas of hills. Piedmont is the second largest of Italys 20 regions, after Sicily and it is broadly coincident with the upper part of the drainage basin of the river Po, which rises from the slopes of Monviso in the west of the region and is Italy’s largest river. The Po collects all the waters provided within the semicircle of mountains which surround the region on three sides, from the highest peaks the land slopes down to hilly areas, and then to the upper, and then to the lower great Padan Plain. 7. 6% of the territory is considered protected area. There are 56 different national or regional parks, one of the most famous is the Gran Paradiso National Park located between Piedmont and the Aosta Valley, Piedmont was inhabited in early historic times by Celtic-Ligurian tribes such as the Taurini and the Salassi. They were later subdued by the Romans, who founded several colonies there including Augusta Taurinorum, after the fall of the Western Roman Empire, the region was repeatedly invaded by the Burgundians, the Goths, Byzantines, Lombards, Franks. In the 9th–10th centuries there were incursions by the Magyars. At the time Piedmont, as part of the Kingdom of Italy within the Holy Roman Empire, was subdivided into several marks, in 1046, Oddo of Savoy added Piedmont to their main territory of Savoy, with a capital at Chambéry. Other areas remained independent, such as the powerful comuni of Asti and Alessandria, the County of Savoy was elevated to a duchy in 1416, and Duke Emanuele Filiberto moved the seat to Turin in 1563. In 1720, the Duke of Savoy became King of Sardinia, founding what evolved into the Kingdom of Sardinia, the Republic of Alba was created in 1796 as a French client republic in Piedmont. A new client republic, the Piedmontese Republic, existed between 1798 and 1799 before it was reoccupied by Austrian and Russian troops, in June 1800 a third client republic, the Subalpine Republic, was established in Piedmont. It fell under full French control in 1801 and it was annexed by France in September 1802, in the congress of Vienna, the Kingdom of Sardinia was restored, and furthermore received the Republic of Genoa to strengthen it as a barrier against France. Piedmont was a springboard for Italys unification in 1859–1861, following earlier unsuccessful wars against the Austrian Empire in 1820–1821 and this process is sometimes referred to as Piedmontisation. However, the efforts were countered by the efforts of rural farmers
Piedmont
–
A
Montferrat landscape, with the distant
Alps in the background.
Piedmont
–
Piedmont Piemonte
Piedmont
–
The
Palazzina di caccia of Stupinigi, in
Nichelino, is a
UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Piedmont
–
The
Kingdom of Sardinia in 1856.
20.
Bass guitar
–
The bass guitar is a stringed instrument played primarily with the fingers or thumb, by plucking, slapping, popping, strumming, tapping, thumping, or picking with a plectrum, often known as a pick. The bass guitar is similar in appearance and construction to a guitar, but with a longer neck and scale length. The four-string bass, by far the most common, is tuned the same as the double bass. The bass guitar is an instrument, as it is notated in bass clef an octave higher than it sounds to avoid excessive ledger lines. Like the electric guitar, the guitar has pickups and it is plugged into an amplifier and speaker on stage, or into a larger PA system using a DI unit. Since the 1960s, the guitar has largely replaced the double bass in popular music as the bass instrument in the rhythm section. While types of basslines vary widely from one style of music to another, many styles of music utilise the bass guitar, including rock, heavy metal, pop, punk rock, country, reggae, gospel, blues, symphonic rock, and jazz. It is often a solo instrument in jazz, jazz fusion, Latin, funk, progressive rock and other rock, the adoption of a guitar form made the instrument easier to hold and transport than any of the existing stringed bass instruments. The addition of frets enabled bassists to play in more easily than on acoustic or electric upright basses. Around 100 of these instruments were made during this period, around 1947, Tutmarcs son, Bud, began marketing a similar bass under the Serenader brand name, prominently advertised in the nationally distributed L. D. Heater Music Company wholesale jobber catalogue of 1948, however, the Tutmarc family inventions did not achieve market success. In the 1950s, Leo Fender, with the help of his employee George Fullerton and his Fender Precision Bass, which began production in October 1951, became a widely copied industry standard. This split pickup, introduced in 1957, appears to have been two mandolin pickups, the pole pieces and leads of the coils were reversed with respect to each other, producing a humbucking effect. Humbucking is a design that electrically cancels the effect of any AC hum, the Fender Bass was a revolutionary new instrument, which could be easily transported, and which was less prone to feedback when amplified than acoustic bass instruments. Monk Montgomery was the first bass player to tour with the Fender bass guitar, roy Johnson, and Shifty Henry with Louis Jordan & His Tympany Five, were other early Fender bass pioneers. Bill Black, playing with Elvis Presley, switched from bass to the Fender Precision Bass around 1957. The bass guitar was intended to appeal to guitarists as well as upright bass players, following Fenders lead, in 1953, Gibson released the first short scale violin-shaped electric bass with extendable end pin, allowing it to be played upright or horizontally. In 1959 these were followed by the more conventional-looking EB-0 Bass, the EB-0 was very similar to a Gibson SG in appearance
Bass guitar
–
A
Music Man StingRay bass
Bass guitar
–
(a standard tuned 4-string bass guitar)
Bass guitar
–
Musical instrument inventor Paul Tutmarc outside his music store in Seattle, Washington
Bass guitar
–
Design patent issued to Leo Fender for the second-generation
Precision Bass
21.
Ramones
–
The Ramones were an American punk rock band that formed in the New York City neighborhood of Forest Hills, Queens, in 1974. They are often cited as the first band to define the punk-rock sound, despite achieving only limited commercial success, the band was a major influence on the 1970s punk movement in both the United States and United Kingdom. All of the members adopted pseudonyms ending with the surname Ramone. They performed 2,263 concerts, touring virtually nonstop for 22 years, in 1996, after a tour with the Lollapalooza music festival, the band played a farewell concert and disbanded. By 2014, all four of the original members, lead singer Joey Ramone, bass guitarist Dee Dee Ramone, lead guitarist Johnny Ramone. In 2002, the Ramones were ranked the second-greatest band of all time by Spin magazine, on March 18,2002, the original four members and Tommys replacement on drums, Marky Ramone, were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. In 2011, the group was awarded a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award, the original members of the band met in and around the middle-class neighborhood of Forest Hills in the New York City borough of Queens. John Cummings and Thomas Erdelyi had both been in a garage band from 1965 to 1967 known as the Tangerine Puppets. They became friends with Douglas Colvin, who had moved to the area from Germany, and Jeffrey Hyman. The Ramones began taking shape in early 1974 when Cummings and Colvin invited Hyman to join them in a band, the initial line-up featured Colvin on lead vocals, rhythm and bass guitars, Cummings on lead guitar, and Hyman on drums. Hyman soon switched from drums to vocals, Colvin was the first to adopt the name Ramone, calling himself Dee Dee Ramone. He was inspired by Paul McCartneys use of the pseudonym Paul Ramon during his Silver Beetles days, Dee Dee convinced the other members to take on the name and came up with the idea of calling the band the Ramones. Hyman and Cummings became Joey and Johnny Ramone, respectively, a friend of the band, Monte A. Melnick, helped to arrange rehearsal time for them at Manhattans Performance Studios, where he worked. Johnnys former bandmate Erdelyi was set to become their manager, soon after the band was formed, Dee Dee realized that he could not sing and play his bass guitar simultaneously, with Erdelyis encouragement, Joey became the bands new lead singer. Dee Dee would continue, however, to count off each songs tempo with his signature shout of 1-2-3-4. Joey soon similarly realized that he could not sing and play drums simultaneously, while auditioning prospective replacements, Erdelyi would often take to the drums and demonstrate how to play the songs. It became apparent that he was able to perform the music better than anyone else. The Ramones played before an audience for the first time on March 30,1974, the songs they played were very fast and very short, most clocked in at under two minutes
Ramones
–
Ramones in concert, 1980
Ramones
–
Forest Hills High School, attended by the four original members of the Ramones
Ramones
–
April 1976 issue of
Punk. The cover image of Joey, by Punk cofounder
John Holmstrom, was inspired by the work of comic book artist
Will Eisner. Holmstrom would go on to do album art for
Rocket to Russia and
Road to Ruin.
Ramones
–
Ramones in 1977
22.
The Stooges
–
After releasing two albums—The Stooges and Fun House —the group disbanded briefly, and reformed with a different lineup to release Raw Power before breaking up again in 1974. The band reunited in 2003 and was active until 2016 following the deaths of several original members, the Stooges are widely regarded as a seminal proto-punk act and as instrumental in the development of punk rock, alternative rock, heavy metal music and rock music at large. The Stooges were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2010, in 2004, Rolling Stone ranked them 78th on their list of the 100 greatest artists of all time. Iggy Pop played drums in several Ann Arbor-area bands as a teenager, including the Iguanas and, later, the Prime Movers nicknamed Osterberg Iggy in reference to his earlier band. Osterberg was first inspired to form the Stooges after meeting blues drummer Sam Lay during a visit to Chicago, upon returning to Detroit, Osterberg sought to create a new form of blues music that was not derivative of historical precedents. Ron Asheton and Scott Asheton and Dave Alexander composed the rest of the band, the three nicknamed Osterberg Pop after a local character whom Osterberg resembled. Shortly after witnessing an MC5 concert in Ann Arbor, Osterberg began using the stage name Iggy Pop, though the Stooges had formed, Iggy Pop attributes two key motivating influences to move the band forward. The first was seeing The Doors perform at a dance for the University of Michigan. The second was seeing an all-girls rock band from Princeton, New Jersey called The Untouchable perform, in a 1995 interview with Bust Magazine, he relates, I had the Stooges. And we did not have the balls to get out and do it. There were two things that made us do it, one was seeing that show, we saw that show and I just thought, well, this is so brazen, there is no excuse for us not to do it anymore. And the other thing was we went to New York. ”And we didn’t have anywhere to crash, and they played for us, and they completely rocked, and we were really ashamed. ”The bands 1967 debut was at their communal State Street house on Halloween night, followed by their next live gig, January 1968. During this early period, the Stooges were originally billed as the Psychedelic Stooges at the Grande Ballroom in Detroit, Michigan, and other venues, where they played with the band MC5 and others. At one of their early Grande Ballroom performances, Ashetons guitar neck separated from the forcing the band to stop playing during the opening song. Homemade instruments were also incorporated to flesh out the overall sound, the Jim-a-phone involved pushing feedback through a funnel device which was raised and lowered to achieve the best effect. The Stooges soon gained a reputation for their wild, primitive live performances, Pop is sometimes credited with the invention or popularization of stage diving. In 1968 Elektra Records sent DJ/publicist Danny Fields to scout the MC5, the contracts were at different pay rates, MC5 $20,000, the Stooges $5,000, as revealed in the 2016 Jim Jarmusch film, Gimme Danger. In 1969, the released their self-titled debut album, sales were low
The Stooges
–
The Stooges performing in Austin, Texas (2007)
The Stooges
–
Iggy Pop on October 25, 1977; at the State Theatre, Minneapolis, Minnesota Photo: Michael Markos
The Stooges
–
Iggy and the Stooges - Sziget Fesztivál, 2006
The Stooges
–
Iggy Pop and the Stooges, Katowice Off Festval, Poland, on August 4, 2012
23.
Television (band)
–
Television is an American rock band considered influential in the development of punk and alternative music. Television was formed in New York City in 1973 by Tom Verlaine, Television was an early fixture of CBGB and the 1970s New York rock scene. The groups debut album, Marquee Moon, is considered one of the defining releases of the punk era. Televisions roots can be traced to the friendship between Tom Verlaine and Richard Hell. The duo met at Sanford School in Hockessin, Delaware, from which they ran away, both moved to New York, separately, in the early 1970s, aspiring to be poets. Their first group together was the Neon Boys, consisting of Verlaine on guitar and vocals, Hell on bass and vocals, the group lasted from late 1972 to late 1973. A 7-inch record featuring Thats All I Know and Love Comes in Spurts was released in 1980, in late 1973 the group reformed, calling themselves Television and recruiting Richard Lloyd as a second guitarist. Their first gig was at the Townhouse Theatre, on March 2,1974 and their manager, Terry Ork, persuaded CBGB owner Hilly Kristal to give the band a regular gig at his club, where they reportedly constructed their first stage. After playing several gigs at CBGB in early 1974, they played at Maxs Kansas City and other clubs, returning to CBGB in January 1975, initially, songwriting was split almost evenly between Hell and Verlaine, Lloyd being an infrequent contributor as well. However, friction began to develop as Verlaine, Lloyd and Ficca became increasingly confident and this conflict, as well as one of their songs being picked up by Island Records, led Hell to leave the group and take some of his songs with him. He co-founded the Heartbreakers in 1975 with former members of the New York Dolls Johnny Thunders and Jerry Nolan, later forming Richard Hell, fred Smith, briefly of Blondie, replaced Hell as Televisions bassist. Television made their debut in 1975 with Little Johnny Jewel. Richard Lloyd apparently disagreed with the selection of song, preferring O Mi Amore for their debut. Reportedly Pere Ubu guitarist Peter Laughner auditioned for his spot during this time, upon its initial release in 1977, Roy Trakin wrote in the SoHo Weekly forget everything youve heard about Television, forget punk, forget New York, forget CBGBs. Hell, forget rock and roll—this is the real item and it was ranked number two in Uncut magazines 100 Greatest Debut Records and number 3 on Pitchfork Medias list of the best albums of the 1970s. Televisions second album, Adventure, was recorded and released in 1978, softer and more reflective than their debut album, Adventure was well received by critics despite modest sales. The members independent and strongly held artistic visions, along with Richard Lloyds drug abuse, both Lloyd and Verlaine pursued solo careers, while Ficca became the drummer for the new wave band The Waitresses. Television reformed in 1992, released a third album and have performed live sporadically thereafter
Television (band)
–
(L-R) Ficca, Verlaine, Smith, Lloyd
24.
Suicide (band)
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Suicide was an American musical duo, intermittently active between 1970 and 2016, composed of vocalist Alan Vega and instrumentalist Martin Rev. The groups pioneering music made use of minimalist electronic instrumentation and primitive drum machines and it was among the first groups to use the phrase punk music in an advertisement for a concert in 1970. Though never widely popular among the public, Suicide have been recognized as among the most influential acts of their era. Their debut album Suicide was described by Entertainment Weekly as a landmark of electronic music, while AllMusic stated that it provided the blueprints for post-punk, synth pop, and industrial rock. Rolling Stone called them an influence on the industrial dance, noise, techno, ambient. Suicide took its name from the title of a Ghost Rider comic book titled Satan Suicide, revs simple keyboard riffs were accompanied by primitive drum machines, providing a pulsing, minimalistic, electronic backdrop for Vegas murmuring and nervy vocals. It was the first band to use the term punk to describe itself, some of the bands earliest posters use the terms punk music and punk music mass. Suicide emerged alongside the early punk scene in New York. Many of the early shows were at the Mercer Arts Center, alongside bands such as the New York Dolls and Eric Emerson. David Johansen once played harmonica with Suicide in a show there. Vega and Rev both dressed like arty street thugs, and Vega was notorious for brandishing a length of drive chain onstage. Vega once stated We started getting booed as soon as we came onstage, just from the way we looked they started giving us hell already. This sort of confrontation was inspired by Vegas witnessing of an Iggy and the Stooges concert at the New York State Pavilion in August 1969. After the collapse of the Mercer Arts Center in 1973, Suicide played at Maxs Kansas City and CBGB and their first album was reissued with bonus material, including 23 Minutes Over Brussels, a recording of a Suicide concert that deteriorated into a riot. The bands first album, Suicide, was released independently on Red Star Records, although initial press reviews were divided, media recognition has changed over the years. One critic writes, Che, Ghost Rider—these eerie, sturdy, proto-punk anthems rank among the most visionary, of note is the ten-minute Frankie Teardrop, which tells the story of a poverty-stricken 20-year-old factory worker pushed to the edge. Critic Emerson Dameron writes that the song is one of the most terrifying, riveting, Nick Hornby in his book 31 Songs described Frankie Teardrop as something you would listen to only once. Among others, Steve Albini, Panthére, Gang Gang Dance, The Jesus and Mary Chain, The Sisters of Mercy, She Wants Revenge, Henry Rollins, Joy Division/New Order, Soft Cell, Nick Cave, D. A. F. E. M
Suicide (band)
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Anamorphic photograph of Martin Rev and Alan Vega before 1988 Toronto concert
25.
Wire (band)
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Wire are an English rock band, formed in London in October 1976 by Colin Newman, Graham Lewis, Bruce Gilbert, and Robert Gotobed. They were originally associated with the rock scene, appearing on The Roxy London WC2 album – a key early document of the scene – and were later central to the development of post-punk. Inspired by the burgeoning UK punk scene, Wire are often cited as one of the more important rock groups of the 1970s and 1980s. Critic Stewart Mason wrote, Over their brilliant first three albums, Wire expanded the boundaries of not just punk, but rock music in general. Wire are an art punk and post-punk ensemble, mostly due to their richly detailed and atmospheric sound. The group exhibited a steady development from an early raucous punk style to a complex, structured sound involving increased use of guitar effects. The band gained a reputation for experimenting with song arrangements throughout its career, field Day for the Sundays, for example, is only 28 seconds long. Chairs Missing followed in 1978, and found Wire stepping back from the stark minimalism of Pink Flag, with longer, more atmospheric songs, Outdoor Miner was a minor hit, peaking at number 51 in the UK singles chart. The experimentation was more prominent on 154. In addition, many of the featured bassist Graham Lewis on lead vocals instead of Colin Newman. The LP came packaged with an EP of a different performance of new material. Between 1981 and 1985, Wire ceased recording and performing in favour of solo and non-Wire collaborative projects such as Dome, Cupol, Duet Emmo, in 1985, the group re-formed as a beat combo, with greater use of electronic musical instruments. Wire announced that they would perform none of their older material, the Ex-Lion Tamers played Wires older material, Wire played their new material. They released IBTABA in 1989, an album of mostly reworked versions of songs from The Ideal Copy and A Bell Is a Cup, heavily rearranged, edited. A new song from the album, Eardrum Buzz, was released as a single, Gotobed left the band in 1990, after the release of the album Manscape. After his departure, the band dropped one letter from its name, becoming Wir, there followed a further period of solo recordings, during which Newman founded the swim ~ label, and later Githead with his wife, while Wire remained an occasional collaboration. It was not until 1999 that Wire again became a full-time entity, with Gotobed back in the line-up, the group initially reworked much of their back catalogue for a performance at Royal Festival Hall on 26 February 2000. Wires reception during a tour in early May of the US
Wire (band)
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Wire in 2013; left to right: Matthew Simms, Robert Grey, Colin Newman, Graham Lewis
Wire (band)
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Colin Newman, 2011
Wire (band)
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Matt Simms, 2013
Wire (band)
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Graham Lewis, 2013
26.
The Fall (band)
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The Fall are an English post-punk band, formed in 1976 in Prestwich, Lancashire. They have undergone many line up changes, with Mark E. Smith as the founder, the Falls long term musicians have included bassist Steve Hanley, drummers Paul Hanley and Karl Burns, and guitarists Marc Riley, Craig Scanlon and Brix Smith. First associated with the late 1970s punk movement, the Falls music has undergone numerous stylistic changes, while the Fall have never achieved widespread success beyond minor hit singles in the late 1980s, they have maintained a strong cult following. The Fall have been called the most prolific band of the British post-punk movement and they have released thirty-one studio albums as of 2015, and more than three times that number when live albums and compilations are taken into account. The Fall were formed in Prestwich, Lancashire in 1976 by Mark E. Smith, Martin Bramah, Una Baines, the four friends would meet to read their writings to each other and take drugs. Their musical influences included Can, The Velvet Underground, Captain Beefheart and garage bands like The Monks. The members were devoted readers, with Smith citing H. P, lovecraft, Raymond Chandler and Malcolm Lowry among his favourite writers. After seeing the Sex Pistols play Manchesters Lesser Free Trade Hall in June 1976, Smith wanted to name the group The Outsiders, but Friel came up with the name The Fall after a 1956 novel by Albert Camus. Smith became the singer, Bramah the guitarist, Friel played bass guitar and Baines bashed biscuit tins instead of drums, unable to afford buying a drum kit, the Falls music was intentionally raw and repetitive. The song Repetition, declaring that weve repetition in the music, the group played its first concert on 23 May 1977 at the North West Arts basement. The bands first drummer was remembered only as Dave or Steve for thirty-four years, Ormrod lasted just one show, at least in part due to political differences with the other members of the group. He was replaced by Karl Burns, whom Friel played with in a band Nuclear Angel, the Fall soon caught attention of Buzzcocks manager Richard Boon, who funded their first recording session. And in November 1977 they recorded material for their debut EP, Boon planned to release the EP on his New Hormones label, but after discovering that he could not afford to release the EP, he gave the tapes back to the group. The Falls line-up underwent first drastic changes in 1977–78, kay Carroll, Una Bainess friend and colleague at the psychiatric hospital, became the groups manager and occasional backing vocalist, as well as Smiths girlfriend. Friel, unhappy with Carrolls management, left in December 1977 and he was briefly replaced by Jonnie Brown and later Eric McGann. 16-year-old Marc Riley, the roadie, was eventually recruited to the group to play bass guitar. Finally was released in August 1978 on Step Forward Records, the single Its the New Thing followed in November 1978, and in December The Fall recorded their debut album Live at the Witch Trials, which was released in March 1979. Burns quit the group shortly after the album was recorded, and was replaced by Mike Leigh from Rockin Ricky, a cabaret band
The Fall (band)
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The Fall
Perverted By Language Tour, Hamburg (Markthalle), 13.April 1984. L-R: Scanlon, M.E. Smith, Burns, S. Hanley
The Fall (band)
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Smith with the Fall in Japan
27.
The Velvet Underground
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The Velvet Underground was a rock band formed in New York, America, by singer/guitarist Lou Reed, multi-instrumentalist John Cale, guitarist Sterling Morrison, and drummer Angus MacLise. The provocative subject matter, musical experimentation, and often nihilistic attitudes explored in the work would prove influential in the development of punk rock. In 2004, Rolling Stone ranked the band No.19 on its list of the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time, the band was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1996 by Patti Smith. The foundations for what would become the Velvet Underground were laid in late 1964, singer/songwriter/guitarist Lou Reed had performed with a few short-lived garage bands and had worked as a songwriter for Pickwick Records. Reed met John Cale, a Welshman who had moved to the United States to study classical music upon securing a scholarship. Cale had worked with experimental composers Cornelius Cardew and La Monte Young, Youngs use of extended drones would be a profound influence on the bands early sound. Cale was pleasantly surprised to discover that Reeds experimentalist tendencies were similar to his own, the pair rehearsed and performed together, their partnership and shared interests built the path towards what would later become the Velvet Underground. Reed and Cale recruited Sterling Morrison—a college classmate of Reeds at Syracuse University—as a replacement for Walter De Maria, Reed and Morrison both played guitars, Cale played viola, keyboards and bass and Angus MacLise joined on percussion to complete the initial four-member unit. This quartet was first called the Warlocks, then the Falling Spikes, MacLise made a suggestion to adopt the title as the bands name. The band immediately and unanimously adopted the Velvet Underground as its new name in November 1965, the newly named Velvet Underground rehearsed and performed in New York City. Their music was much more relaxed than it would later become, Cale described this era as reminiscent of beat poetry. When he briefly returned to Britain, Cale attempted to give a copy of the tape to Marianne Faithfull, hoping shed pass it on to Mick Jagger, nothing ever came of this, but the demo was eventually released on the 1995 box set Peel Slowly and See. Manager and music journalist Al Aronowitz arranged for the groups first paying gig—$75 to play at Summit High School, in Summit, New Jersey, opening for the Myddle Class. When they decided to take the gig, MacLise abruptly left the group, protesting what he considered a sellout, he was unwilling to be told when to start. Angus was in it for art, Morrison reported, MacLise was replaced by Maureen Moe Tucker, the younger sister of Morrisons friend Jim Tucker. Her rhythms, at once simple and exotic, became a part of the groups music. The group earned a regular paying gig at the Café Bizarre, in 1965, after being introduced to the Velvet Underground by filmmaker Barbara Rubin, Andy Warhol became the bands manager and suggested they use the German-born singer Nico on several songs. Warhols reputation helped the band gain a higher profile and he helped the band secure a recording contract with MGMs Verve Records, with himself as nominal producer, and gave the Velvets free rein over the sound they created
The Velvet Underground
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1993 promotional photo. From left to right:
Sterling Morrison (at back),
Maureen Tucker,
John Cale and
Lou Reed
28.
Throbbing Gristle
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Throbbing Gristle were an English music and visual arts group formed in 1976 in Kingston upon Hull. The band comprised Genesis P-Orridge, Cosey Fanni Tutti, Peter Sleazy Christopherson, evolving from the experimental performance art group COUM Transmissions, Throbbing Gristle are widely viewed as early pioneers of industrial music. They disbanded in 1981, but the members went on to participate in other projects. Throbbing Gristle evolved from the art group COUM Transmissions, which was formed in Kingston upon Hull by a group of performers centred on Genesis P-Orridge. The final performance of COUM Transmissions in 1976 was also the debut of Throbbing Gristle, Throbbing Gristles confrontational live performances and use of often disturbing imagery, including pornography and photographs of Nazi concentration camps, gave the group a notorious reputation. However, the group maintained that their mission was to challenge and explore the darker. They appeared in the fanzine Toxic Grafity, with a condensation of their own propaganda parody series, in 1977, they released their debut single, United/Zyklon B Zombie, followed by an album, The Second Annual Report. This was followed by a series of albums, singles and live performances over a four-year period, on 29 May 1981, Throbbing Gristle performed at the Kezar Pavilion in San Francisco, California, United States. This concert marked the end of the group and its mission, as Cosey succinctly put it, TG broke up because me and Gen broke up. Christopherson later went on to half of the band Coil with his partner and fellow Psychic TV member. Meanwhile, Gen subsequently formed Thee Majesty and PTV3 with the help of their wife, in 2004, Throbbing Gristle briefly reunited to record and release the limited album TG Now. On 2 April 2007, TG released the album Part Two, with the exception of TG Now, it was their first studio album in twenty five years. It was originally set to be released by Mute Records in September 2006 but was delayed for unknown reasons, in March 2007, Side-Line announced Part Twos final release date, adding that a string of special live events would take place in 2007. A seven-disc DVD set, titled TGV, was issued in 2007, the set contains old and new footage of the band. TGV came packaged in a box with a 64-page book. The group performed a re-interpretation of their debut album The Second Annual Report twice in 2008 to mark thirty years since its original release. The performance in Paris on 6 June was issued as a limited edition framed vinyl set entitled The Thirty-Second Annual Report, Throbbing Gristle worked to record an album based on their interpretation of Nicos album Desertshore. In April 2009, Throbbing Gristle toured the United States, appearing at the Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival and in Los Angeles, New York, San Francisco and Chicago
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Throbbing Gristle performing live in 2008
29.
Kraftwerk
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Kraftwerk is a German electronic music band formed by Ralf Hütter and Florian Schneider in 1969 in Düsseldorf. In the 1970s, they were among the first successful pop acts to popularize electronic music and are considered to be innovators and pioneers of the genre. The band was fronted by both Hütter and Schneider until Schneiders departure in 2008, following the releases of Computer World and Electric Café, member Wolfgang Flür left the group in 1987. They released their final album Tour de France Soundtracks in 2003, founding member Schneider departed in 2008. According to The Observer, no other band since the Beatles has given so much to pop culture, in January 2014, the Recording Academy honored Kraftwerk with a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award. As of 2016, the members of Kraftwerk continue to tour. The duo had performed together as part of a quintet known as Organisation. This ensemble released one album, Tone Float, issued on RCA Records in the UK, Hütter, who left the band for eight months, played synthesizer and keyboards. Their first three albums were free-form experimental rock without the pop hooks or the more disciplined song structure of later work, post-production modifications to these recordings were used to distort the sound of the instruments, particularly audio-tape manipulation and multiple dubbings of one instrument on the same track. Live performances from 1972 to 1973 were made as a duo, using a simple beat-box-type electronic drum machine and these shows were mainly in Germany, with occasional shows in France. Later in 1973, Wolfgang Flür joined the group for rehearsals, with Ralf und Florian, released in 1973, Kraftwerk began to move closer to its now classic sound, relying more heavily on synthesizers and drum machines. Although almost entirely instrumental, the album marks Kraftwerks first use of the vocoder, Kraftwerks futuristic and robotic sound was influenced by the adrenalized insurgency of Detroit artists of the late 60s such as MC5 and the Stooges. The input, expertise, and influence of producer and engineer Konrad Conny Plank was highly significant in the years of Kraftwerk. Plank also worked many of the other leading German electronic acts of that time, including members of Can. As a result of his work with Kraftwerk, Planks studio near Cologne became one of the most sought-after studios in the late 1970s, Plank coproduced the first four Kraftwerk albums. The release of Autobahn in 1974 saw Kraftwerk moving away from the sound of its first three albums, Hütter and Schneider had invested in newer technology such as the Minimoog and the EMS Synthi AKS, helping give Kraftwerk a newer, disciplined sound. Autobahn would also be the last album that Conny Plank would engineer, at this time the painter and graphic artist Emil Schult became a regular collaborator, designing artwork, cowriting lyrics, and accompanying the group on tour. The year 1975 saw a point in Kraftwerks live shows
Kraftwerk
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Kraftwerk performing in
Kiev in 2008
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Concert in
Zürich, 1976
Kraftwerk
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In
Stockholm, February 2004
Kraftwerk
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Hütter and Schmitz performing at the
2009 Bestival, Isle of Wight
30.
The Birthday Party (band)
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The Birthday Party were an Australian post-punk band, active from 1978 to 1983. Despite limited commercial success, The Birthday Partys influence has been far-reaching, the groups bleak and noisy soundscapes, which drew irreverently on blues, free jazz, and rockabilly, provided the setting for vocalist Nick Caves disturbing tales of violence and perversion. Their music has been described by critic Simon Reynolds as gothic, in 1980, The Birthday Party moved from Melbourne to London, where they were championed by broadcaster John Peel. Disillusioned by their stay in London, the sound and live shows became increasingly violent. They broke up soon after relocating to West Berlin in 1983, the nucleus of the band first met at the private boys school Caulfield Grammar School, in suburban Melbourne, in the early seventies. A rock group was formed in 1973, with Nick Cave, Mick Harvey, most were also members of the school choir. The band played under various names at parties and school functions with a repertoire of David Bowie, Lou Reed, Roxy Music, Alice Cooper. After their final year in 1975 the band decided to continue as a four-piece group. By November 1977 their set was dominated by fast original new material, such as Sex Crimes. The Boys second guitarist, Rowland S. Howard, joined in 1978, and about this time, many songs were driven by prominent, repetitive basslines and frenetic, yet minimalist, drumming. Glass label Missing Link Records released all of the early Birthday Party records, the Boys Next Doors best known song, Shivers, written by Howard, and first performed and recorded by his band The Young Charlatans, was banned by radio stations because of a reference to suicide. After recordings and moderate success in Australia they headed for London in 1980, changed their name to The Birthday Party, in a 2008 interview, Rowland S. Howard gave his own recollection, The name The Birthday Party came up in conversation between Nick and myself. Theres this apocryphal story about it coming from a Dostoyevsky novel and it may have had various connotations, but what he and I spoke about was a sense of celebration and making things into more an occasion and ritual. They resided in London, with back to Australia and tours through Europe. Above the barely-controlled racket, Caves vocals ranged from desperate to simply menacing, critics have written that neither John Cale nor Alfred Hitchcock was ever this scary, and that Cave doesnt so much sing his vocals as expel them from his gut. Though Cave drew on earlier rock and roll shriekers—especially Iggy Pop and Suicides Alan Vega—his singing with the Birthday Party remains powerful and his lyrics also drew on Arthur Rimbaud and Charles Baudelaire. The single Release the Bats came out during the emergence of the gothic scene and this song about vampire sex was promoted by an advertisement with the words Dirtiness is next to antigodliness. Their 1982 album Junkyard was inspired by American Southern Gothic imagery, for the Birthday Party, things had changed
The Birthday Party (band)
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Circa 1983, clockwise from top left: Harvey, Cave, Howard, Pew
