1.
Montclair Film Festival
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The Montclair Film Festival is a community-based film festival in Montclair, New Jersey, that first ran in May 2012. The festival showcases filmmakers from a variety of countries while creating a focal point for the Township of Montclair, surrounding communities. According to The New York Times, MFF, the winner of the Discover Jersey Arts 2012 People’s Choice Awards for favorite film festival, is “A film festival with more of everything. The idea for a festival was formed when WNET-TV Vice President and General Counsel Bob Feinberg. Known as a place where arts and culture flourish, his associate asked “Where is the film festival, the inaugural festival in May 2012, originally estimated to attract 5,000 visitors, reached 7,500 motion picture enthusiasts, arts patrons and cultural tourists. Over 45 films and XX guests were in attendance including actors Oliver Platt, Kathleen Turner, Olympia Dukakis and Patrick Wilson, filmmaker Michael Moore, early screenings of art house successes included The Oranges, Your Sister’s Sister,2 Days in New York and Robot and Frank. According to The New York Times, MFF, the winner of the Discover Jersey Arts 2012 People’s Choice Awards for favorite film festival, is “A film festival with more of everything. The Montclair Times noted, “If last year’s inaugural festival was like an indie hit, a favorite film category, NJ Spotlight, offered a platform for dozens of talented and lesser-known filmmakers from New Jersey to exhibit new work. Prominent guests included a visit from Michael Moore, Harry Belafonte, Darlene Love, Lake Bell, Ice-T, Alex Gibney. MFF14 presented among others the Chef with Jon Favreau, MFF15 opened with Hello, My Name Is Doris with Sally Field and showed among others Time out of Mind with Richard Gere. Among the listed supporters for MFF15 are Susan V. Bershad, MD, Evelyn and Stephen Colbert, Christina and Brian Clarkson, Mindy Cohen and David Bershad
Montclair Film Festival
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At the
Wellmont during MFF15
2.
Concord, Massachusetts
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Concord is a town in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, in the United States. At the 2010 census, the population was 17,668. The United States Census Bureau considers Concord part of Greater Boston, the town center is located near where the confluence of the Sudbury and Assabet rivers forms the Concord River. The area which became the town of Concord was originally known as Musketaquid and it was one of the scenes of the Battle of Lexington and Concord, the initial conflict in the American Revolutionary War. It developed into a rich literary center during the mid-nineteenth century. Featured were Ralph Waldo Emerson, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Bronson Alcott, Louisa May Alcott and Henry David Thoreau, the now-ubiquitous Concord grape was developed here. The area which became the town of Concord was originally known as Musketaquid, situated at the confluence of the Sudbury, the name Musketaquid was an Algonquian word for grassy plain, fitting the areas low-lying marshes and kettle holes. Native Americans had cultivated corn crops there, the rivers were rich with fish, however, the area was largely depopulated by the smallpox plague that swept across the Americas after the arrival of Europeans. In 1635, a group of settlers from Britain led by Rev. Peter Bulkley, the Battle of Lexington and Concord was the first conflict in the American Revolutionary War. On April 19,1775, a force of British Army regulars marched from Boston to Concord to capture a cache of arms that was stored in the town. Forewarned by Paul Revere and other messengers, the colonists mustered in opposition, following an early-morning skirmish at Lexington, where the first shots of the battle were fired, the British expedition under the command of Lt. Col. Francis Smith advanced to Concord. There, colonists from Concord and surrounding towns repulsed a British detachment at the Old North Bridge, subsequently, militia arriving from across the region harried the British troops on their return to Boston, culminating in the Siege of Boston and outbreak of the war. The battle was publicized by the colonists as an example of British brutality and aggression. A century later, however, the conflict was remembered proudly by Americans, taking on a patriotic, almost mythic status in works like the Concord Hymn and Paul Reveres Ride. In April 1975, the town hosted a celebration of the battle. Concord has a rich literary history centered in the mid-nineteenth century around Ralph Waldo Emerson. Emerson was at the center of a group of like-minded Transcendentalists living in Concord, among them were the author Nathaniel Hawthorne and the philosopher Bronson Alcott, the father of Louisa May Alcott. A native Concordian, Henry David Thoreau, was another member of Emersons circle
Concord, Massachusetts
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View of Concord's Main Street in December
Concord, Massachusetts
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Location in Middlesex County in Massachusetts
Concord, Massachusetts
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Photo of Egg Rock inscription, about 1900
Concord, Massachusetts
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The Old Manse, home to
Ralph Waldo Emerson and later
Nathaniel Hawthorne
3.
Los Angeles
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Los Angeles, officially the City of Los Angeles and often known by its initials L. A. is the cultural, financial, and commercial center of Southern California. With a census-estimated 2015 population of 3,971,883, it is the second-most populous city in the United States, Los Angeles is also the seat of Los Angeles County, the most populated county in the United States. The citys inhabitants are referred to as Angelenos, historically home to the Chumash and Tongva, Los Angeles was claimed by Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo for Spain in 1542 along with the rest of what would become Alta California. The city was founded on September 4,1781, by Spanish governor Felipe de Neve. It became a part of Mexico in 1821 following the Mexican War of Independence, in 1848, at the end of the Mexican–American War, Los Angeles and the rest of California were purchased as part of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, thereby becoming part of the United States. Los Angeles was incorporated as a municipality on April 4,1850, the discovery of oil in the 1890s brought rapid growth to the city. The completion of the Los Angeles Aqueduct in 1913, delivering water from Eastern California, nicknamed the City of Angels, Los Angeles is known for its Mediterranean climate, ethnic diversity, and sprawling metropolis. Los Angeles also has an economy in culture, media, fashion, science, sports, technology, education, medicine. A global city, it has been ranked 6th in the Global Cities Index, the city is home to renowned institutions covering a broad range of professional and cultural fields, and is one of the most substantial economic engines within the United States. The Los Angeles combined statistical area has a gross metropolitan product of $831 billion, making it the third-largest in the world, after the Greater Tokyo and New York metropolitan areas. The city has hosted the Summer Olympic Games in 1932 and 1984 and is bidding to host the 2024 Summer Olympics and thus become the second city after London to have hosted the Games three times. The Los Angeles area also hosted the 1994 FIFA mens World Cup final match as well as the 1999 FIFA womens World Cup final match, the mens event was watched on television by over 700 million people worldwide. The Los Angeles coastal area was first settled by the Tongva, a Gabrielino settlement in the area was called iyáangẚ, meaning poison oak place. Gaspar de Portolà and Franciscan missionary Juan Crespí, reached the present site of Los Angeles on August 2,1769, in 1771, Franciscan friar Junípero Serra directed the building of the Mission San Gabriel Arcángel, the first mission in the area. The Queen of the Angels is an honorific of the Virgin Mary, two-thirds of the settlers were mestizo or mulatto with a mixture of African, indigenous and European ancestry. The settlement remained a small town for decades, but by 1820. Today, the pueblo is commemorated in the district of Los Angeles Pueblo Plaza and Olvera Street. New Spain achieved its independence from the Spanish Empire in 1821, during Mexican rule, Governor Pío Pico made Los Angeles Alta Californias regional capital
Los Angeles
Los Angeles
Los Angeles
Los Angeles
4.
California
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California is the most populous state in the United States and the third most extensive by area. Located on the western coast of the U. S, California is bordered by the other U. S. states of Oregon, Nevada, and Arizona and shares an international border with the Mexican state of Baja California. Los Angeles is Californias most populous city, and the second largest after New York City. The Los Angeles Area and the San Francisco Bay Area are the nations second- and fifth-most populous urban regions, California also has the nations most populous county, Los Angeles County, and its largest county by area, San Bernardino County. The Central Valley, an agricultural area, dominates the states center. What is now California was first settled by various Native American tribes before being explored by a number of European expeditions during the 16th and 17th centuries, the Spanish Empire then claimed it as part of Alta California in their New Spain colony. The area became a part of Mexico in 1821 following its war for independence. The western portion of Alta California then was organized as the State of California, the California Gold Rush starting in 1848 led to dramatic social and demographic changes, with large-scale emigration from the east and abroad with an accompanying economic boom. If it were a country, California would be the 6th largest economy in the world, fifty-eight percent of the states economy is centered on finance, government, real estate services, technology, and professional, scientific and technical business services. Although it accounts for only 1.5 percent of the states economy, the story of Calafia is recorded in a 1510 work The Adventures of Esplandián, written as a sequel to Amadis de Gaula by Spanish adventure writer Garci Rodríguez de Montalvo. The kingdom of Queen Calafia, according to Montalvo, was said to be a land inhabited by griffins and other strange beasts. This conventional wisdom that California was an island, with maps drawn to reflect this belief, shortened forms of the states name include CA, Cal. Calif. and US-CA. Settled by successive waves of arrivals during the last 10,000 years, various estimates of the native population range from 100,000 to 300,000. The Indigenous peoples of California included more than 70 distinct groups of Native Americans, ranging from large, settled populations living on the coast to groups in the interior. California groups also were diverse in their organization with bands, tribes, villages. Trade, intermarriage and military alliances fostered many social and economic relationships among the diverse groups, the first European effort to explore the coast as far north as the Russian River was a Spanish sailing expedition, led by Portuguese captain Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo, in 1542. Some 37 years later English explorer Francis Drake also explored and claimed a portion of the California coast in 1579. Spanish traders made unintended visits with the Manila galleons on their trips from the Philippines beginning in 1565
California
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A forest of redwood trees in
Redwood National Park
California
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Flag
California
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Mount Shasta
California
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Aerial view of the
California Central Valley
5.
Denison University
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Denison University is a private, coeducational, and residential four-year liberal arts college in Granville, Ohio, about 30 mi east of Columbus. Founded in 1831, it is Ohios second-oldest liberal arts college, Denison is a member of the Five Colleges of Ohio and the Great Lakes Colleges Association, and competes in the North Coast Athletic Conference. On December 13,1831, John Pratt, the colleges first president, situated on a 200-acre farm south of the village of Granville, it was the second Baptist college west of the Allegheny mountains after Georgetown College, which was founded in 1829. While rooted in education, the institution offered students the same literary. The first term included 37 students,27 of whom hailed from Granville, the school was more of an academy than a college. The schools first Commencement, which graduated three classical scholars, was held in 1840, in 1845, the institution, which at this point was male-only, officially changed its name to Granville College. In 1853, William S. Denison, a Muskingum County farmer, honoring an earlier commitment, the trustees accordingly changed the name of the institution to Denison University. They also voted to move the college to land then available for purchase in the village of Granville, in the years leading up to the Civil War, many students and faculty members at Denison University became deeply involved in the anti-slavery movement. Professor Asa Drury, the chair of Greek and Latin studies, bancroft House, now a residential hall, served as a stop on the Underground Railroad for refugee slaves. The seminary was superseded by the Young Ladies Institute, founded in 1859 by Dr. the Young Ladies Institute was sold to Reverend Dr. Daniel Shepardson in 1868 and was renamed the Shepardson College for Women in 1886. Shepardson College was incorporated as part of Denison University in 1900, in 1887, Denison inaugurated a masters program, with resident graduates pursuing advanced studies in the sciences. Within a few years, the institution considered offering graduate programs on the doctoral level, in 1926, the Board of Trustees formalized a new curriculum that would make Denison University an exclusively undergraduate institution. In the wake of Shepardson Colleges incorporation, Denison University made plans for enlargement of its campus, in 1916, the college sought the expertise of the Frederick Law Olmsted & Sons architectural firm, the founder of which had designed Central Park in New York City. During World War II, Denison was one of 131 colleges and universities nationally that took part in the V-12 Navy College Training Program which offered students a path to a Navy commission. While the colleges origins were rooted in education, Denison University has been a non-sectarian institution since the 1960s. By 2005, the college reached its present size of approximately 2,250 students, the campus size is about 1,100 acres. This includes a 400-acre biological reserve just east of campus, where professors of sciences like geology and biology can hold class. Purchased in 2014 is the Denison Golf Course an 18-hole course just 0.4 miles from the academic campus, the first building in the Greater Denison plan, Swasey Chapel was built at the center of the campus
Denison University
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A view of Swasey Chapel from the west
Denison University
Denison University
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A view of the Academic Quad from Chapel Walk
Denison University
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Swasey Observatory (foreground) and Swasey Chapel (background)
6.
Nancy Carell
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Nancy Ellen Carell is an American actress, comedian, and writer best known for her work on Saturday Night Live, The Daily Show, and The Office. She is the wife of actor-comedian Steve Carell, the couple are creators of the TBS comedy series Angie Tribeca. Nancy Walls was born and raised in Cohasset, Massachusetts and she attended Boston College where she graduated in 1988. While a student at BC, she was a member of the improvisational troupe My Mothers Fleabag, a few years later, she held a correspondent position on the satirical TV news program The Daily Show. She voiced the character of Helen Goode on the Mike Judge-created animated series The Goode Family on ABC and she also had a brief appearance in the movie Bridesmaids. Carrell and her husband Steve created the TBS comedy series Angie Tribeca starring Rashida Jones, the series premiered on January 17,2016. Carell is married to actor-comedian Steve Carell, whom she met when she was a student in a class he was teaching at Second City. They have two children, daughter Elisabeth and son John
Nancy Carell
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Carell at the
2010 Academy Awards
7.
Michael Scott (The Office)
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Michael Gary Scott is a fictional character in NBCs The Office, portrayed by Steve Carell and based on David Brent from the original British version of the program. Michael is the character of the series, serving as Regional Manager of the Scranton branch of paper distribution company Dunder Mifflin Inc. from season one through seven. All original series characters were adapted for the U. S. version, NBC programmer Tracy McLaughlin suggested Paul Giamatti to producer Ben Silverman for the role of Michael Scott, but the actor declined. Martin Short, Hank Azaria, and Bob Odenkirk were also reported to be interested, in January 2004, Variety reported Steve Carell of the popular Comedy Central program The Daily Show with Jon Stewart, was in talks to play the role. At the time, he was committed to another NBC midseason replacement comedy. Due to Carell being unavailable, Bob Odenkirk was selected as Michael Scott and was part of the cast presented to NBC executives, however, Come to Papa was quickly canceled, allowing Carell to commit to The Office. Carell later stated he had seen about half of the original pilot episode of the British series before he auditioned. He did not continue watching for fear that he would start copying Gervais characterizations, Two supporting roles in films helped get the attention of audiences, Bruce Almighty, in which Carell plays Evan Baxter, who gets a humorous comeuppance while co-anchoring the news. In Anchorman, The Legend of Ron Burgundy, Carell plays another news personality, Carell won a Golden Globe and Television Critics Association award in 2006 for his role. He also received Emmy nominations in 2006,2007 and 2011 for his work in the series, although The 40-Year-Old Virgin was a surprise success, Carell revealed in an interview with Entertainment Weekly that he had no plans to leave The Office. However, on the BBC Radio 5 Live Film Review show and this was later confirmed on June 28,2010, when Carell confirmed that the seventh season of the show was to be his last after his contract expired. Michaels hometown is also Scranton, Pennsylvania and his birthdate is March 15,1964, as described in Michaels Birthday and Dream Team. In Diversity Day, Michael claims to be of English, Irish, German and he also claims to be two-fifteenths Native American. He has mentioned a stepfather, Jeff, whom he despises, in Nepotism, it is revealed that Michael had a half-sister, from whom he was estranged from 1995 through 2010. Michael did not attend college, having lost all his money in a pyramid scheme. He was hired as a salesman at Dunder Mifflin in the 1990s, Dwight praised him in a deleted scene from The Coup for winning consecutive awards for best salesman. In Two Weeks, he claims to have acquired half of the Scranton branch clientbase, in The Client, he impresses his then-manager, Jan Levinson-Gould, by singlehandedly acquiring an important client through somewhat unorthodox methods. Both Pam Halpert and Ryan Howard are impressed watching him make sales, even Jim Halpert concedes that he might never become as good a salesman as Michael in Koi Pond
Michael Scott (The Office)
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Steve Carell portrays Michael Scott in U.S. rendition of The Office
Michael Scott (The Office)
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Steve Carell as Michael Scott
8.
The Office (U.S. TV series)
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The Office is an American television comedy series that aired on NBC from March 24,2005 to May 16,2013. It is an adaptation of the BBC series of the same name, the Office was adapted for American audiences by Greg Daniels, a veteran writer for Saturday Night Live, King of the Hill, and The Simpsons. It is co-produced by Daniels Deedle-Dee Productions, and Reveille Productions, the original executive producers were Greg Daniels, Howard Klein, Ben Silverman, Ricky Gervais, and Stephen Merchant, with numerous others being promoted in later seasons. The series depicts the lives of office employees in the Scranton, Pennsylvania. To simulate the look of a documentary, it is filmed in a single-camera setup. The show debuted on NBC as a replacement and ran for nine seasons and 201 episodes. The Office initially featured Steve Carell, Rainn Wilson, John Krasinski, Jenna Fischer and B. J. Novak as the main cast, the first season of The Office was met with mixed reviews, but the following four seasons received widespread acclaim from television critics. These seasons were included on several critics year-end top TV series lists, winning awards including four Primetime Emmy Awards. While later seasons were criticized for a decline in quality, earlier writers oversaw the final season, Greg Daniels served as the senior series showrunner for the first four seasons of the series and developed the British series for American television. He then left the position when he co-created the comedy series Parks and Recreation with fellow Office writer Michael Schur, Paul Lieberstein and Jennifer Celotta were named the series showrunners for the fifth season. Celotta left the series after the season and Lieberstein stayed on as showrunner for the following two seasons. He left the spot after the eighth season for the potential Dwight Schrute spin-off, The Farm. Daniels returned to the position for the ninth and final season. Other executive producers include cast members B. J. Novak, Kaling, Novak, Daniels, Lieberstein and Schur made up the original team of writers. Kaling, Novak and Lieberstein also serve multiple roles on the series, as they play regular characters on the show, as well as write, direct, credited with twenty-four episodes, Kaling is the most prolific writer on the staff. Ricky Gervais and Stephen Merchant, who created the original British series, are credited as producers, and wrote the pilot. Merchant later directed the episode Customer Survey while Gervais appeared in the episodes The Seminar, randall Einhorn is the most frequent director of the series, with 15 credited episodes. Episodes have been directed by several of the actors on the show including Steve Carell, John Krasinski, Rainn Wilson, Ed Helms, before the series aired its second episode, the writers spent time researching in offices
The Office (U.S. TV series)
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John Krasinski (left) and
Jenna Fischer (right) were virtually unknown before the series aired.
The Office (U.S. TV series)
The Office (U.S. TV series)
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The Office cast in the third season
The Office (U.S. TV series)
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The Pennsylvania Paper & Supply Company tower, shown during the opening credits.
9.
The Daily Show
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The Daily Show is an American news satire and late-night talk show television program. It airs each Monday through Thursday on Comedy Central, describing itself as a fake news program, The Daily Show draws its comedy and satire from recent news stories, political figures, media organizations, and often uses self-referential humor as well. The half-hour-long show premiered on July 21,1996, and was first hosted by Craig Kilborn until December 17,1998, Stewart was succeeded by Trevor Noah, whose tenure premiered on September 28,2015. Under different hosts, the show has been known as The Daily Show with Jon Stewart from 1999 until 2015. The Daily Show is the program on Comedy Central, and has won 23 Primetime Emmy Awards. Critics chastised Stewart for not conducting sufficiently hard-hitting interviews with his political guests, Stewart and other Daily Show writers responded to such criticism by saying that they do not have any journalistic responsibility and that as comedians their only duty is to provide entertainment. Stewarts appearance on the CNN show Crossfire picked up this debate, each episode begins with announcer Drew Birns announcing the date and the introduction, From Comedy Centrals World News Headquarters in New York, this is The Daily Show with Trevor Noah. Previously, the introduction was This is The Daily Show, the most important television program, the host then opens the show with a monologue drawing from current news stories and issues. Some episodes will begin with a 1-3 minute intro on a story before fully transitioning into the main story of the night. Their stated areas of expertise vary depending on the story that is being discussed. They typically present absurd or humorously exaggerated takes on current events against the straight man. While correspondents stated to be reporting abroad are usually performing in-studio in front of a background, on rare occasions. For instance, during the week of August 20,2007, in August 2008, Riggle traveled to China for a series of segments titled Rob Riggle, Chasing the Dragon, which focused on the 2008 Beijing Olympics. On July 19,2016, Roy Wood Jr. reported live from the Republican National Convention, topics have varied widely, during the early years of the show they tended toward character-driven human interest stories such as Bigfoot enthusiasts. Since Stewart began hosting in 1999, the focus of the show has more political. Under Kilborn and the years of Stewart, most interviewees were either unaware or not entirely aware of the comedic nature of The Daily Show. However, as the show began to gain popularity—particularly following its coverage of the 2000 and 2004 presidential elections—most of the subjects now interviewed are aware of the comedic element, some segments have recurred periodically throughout different tenures, such as Back in Black & Your Moment of Zen. Since the 2003 invasion of Iraq, a segment of the show has been dubbed Mess O Potamia, focusing on the United States policies in the Middle East
The Daily Show
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Former correspondents
John Oliver and
Wyatt Cenac at the launch of
Earth (The Book): A Visitor's Guide to the Human Race
The Daily Show
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Outside of the current Daily Show studio
The Daily Show
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The sign over the entryway of the current Daily Show studio
The Daily Show
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Craig Kilborn hosting an episode of The Daily Show in 1997
10.
Anchorman: The Legend of Ron Burgundy
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Anchorman, The Legend of Ron Burgundy is a 2004 American comedy film directed by Adam McKay, produced by Judd Apatow, starring Will Ferrell, and written by McKay and Ferrell. The film is a take on the culture of the 1970s. It portrays a San Diego TV station where Ferrells title character clashes with his new female counterpart and this film is number 100 on Bravos 100 funniest movies, number 6 on TimeOuts top 100 comedy films of all time and 113 on Empires 500 Greatest Movies of All Time. The film made $28.4 million in its opening weekend, a companion film assembled from outtakes and abandoned subplots, titled Wake Up, Ron Burgundy, The Lost Movie, was released straight-to-DVD in late 2004. A sequel, Anchorman 2, The Legend Continues, was released on December 18,2013, in 1974, Ron Burgundy is the famous anchorman for a local San Diego television station, fictional KVWN channel 4. Ed later informs the team that they have forced to hire Veronica Corningstone. After a series of attempts by the team to seduce her, she finally relents and agrees to a professional tour of the city with Ron. Despite agreeing to keep the relationship discreet, Ron announces it on air as well as shouting in the office, after a dispute with a motorcyclist involving Rons dog Baxter being punted off the San Diego–Coronado Bridge, Ron is late to work. Veronica fills in for him on-air, gets higher ratings than Burgundy normally gets, Veronica is made co-anchor, to the disgust of the team, and both co-anchors become fierce rivals on and off the air. Depressed, the team decides to buy new suits, but Brick. Confronted by main competitor Wes Mantooth and his news team, Ron challenges them to a fight, however, when several other news teams converge onsite, a full-on melee ensues, only to be broken up by police sirens and causing them to flee. One of Veronicas co-workers informs her that Ron will read anything written on the teleprompter, so she sneaks into the station, the next day, Ron concludes the broadcast with Go fuck yourself, San Diego. Instead of his closing line, You stay classy, San Diego. Subsequently triggering an angry mob outside the studio and prompting Ed to fire Ron, knowing she went too far, Veronica attempts to apologize, but Burgundy angrily dismisses her. Burgundy becomes unemployed, friendless, and heavily antagonized by the public while Veronica enjoys fame, Ed also informs Champ, Brick, and Brian that if they see Ron they may not speak with him or they will be fired. Three months later, when a panda is about to give birth, in an attempt to sabotage her, a rival news anchor pushes Veronica into a Kodiak bear enclosure. When Ed could not locate Veronica, he recruits Ron, once at the zoo, Ron jumps in the bear pen to save Veronica, as the public watches helplessly. The news team then jumps in to save Ron and Veronica, just as a bear is about to attack, Baxter, who miraculously survived, appears and persuades the bear to spare them
Anchorman: The Legend of Ron Burgundy
–
Theatrical release poster
11.
The 40-Year-Old Virgin
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The 40-Year-Old Virgin is a 2005 American sex comedy film written, produced and directed by Judd Apatow, about a middle-aged mans journey to finally have sex. It was co-written by Steve Carell, though it features a great deal of improvised dialogue, the film was released theatrically in North America on August 19,2005 and was released on region 1 DVD on December 13,2005. Andy Stitzer is a 40-year-old virgin who lives alone, collects action figures, plays video games and he works in the stockroom at SmartTech, an electronics store. When a friend out of a poker game, Andys co-workers David, Cal, Mooj. At the game, when conversation turns to past sexual exploits, the group resolves to help Andy lose his virginity. Throughout the next days, the groups efforts prove to be unsuccessful. They take him to have his chest waxed, which he gives up halfway, Cal advises Andy to simply ask questions when talking to women, which makes Andy seem mysterious. His advice proves to be the most helpful, when Beth, Andy starts to open up, and begins to form friendships with his co-workers. After running into his ex-girlfriend Amy in a dating event, David. Store manager Paula sends him home and promotes Andy to fill in for him, Jay attempts to quicken the process by hiring Andy a prostitute. When Andy discovers the hooker is a transvestite, he confronts his friends. Andy lands a date with Trish Piedmont, a woman he met on the sales floor, during Andy and Trishs first date, as they are about to have sex, they are interrupted by Trishs teenage daughter Marla. Andy prepares to tell Trish he is a virgin, but Trish suggests that they postpone having sex, Andy enthusiastically agrees, they decide to postpone it to the 20th date. At work, Paula is impressed by Andys salesmanship and promotes him to floor manager, as Andys 20th date draws closer, his friends begin to deal with the consequences of their lifestyles. David, still spiraling in his obsession with Amy, has become disillusioned with sex and has taken a vow of celibacy, Cal, worried about him, hires Bernadette, an attractive woman, to fill in for Andy. Jay gets into an argument with an obnoxious customer and he confides with Andy that his girlfriend Jill learned of his infidelity and broke up with him. Andy comforts Jay, who says that sex can ruin a relationship, Jill later decides to take Jay back. Andy and Trishs relationship grows, and Trish suggests that Andy sell his action figures
The 40-Year-Old Virgin
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Theatrical release poster
12.
Evan Almighty
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Evan Almighty is a 2007 American fantasy comedy film and the stand-alone sequel/spin-off to Bruce Almighty. Production of the began in January 2006. Several visual effect companies were used to provide CGI for the numerous animals, the main plot is a modern-day retelling of Noahs Ark. By the time the film had completed production, it had become the most expensive film ever at the time. In October 2007, the film was released on DVD and HD DVD, the film grossed less than its budget of $175 million worldwide, and received generally negative reviews. Evan Almighty was also notable for allegations that the animals used in the film were treated poorly. Evan prays to God to give him this opportunity and his wife, Joan, also prays that she, Evan, and their three sons will be closer together as a family. A man revealed to be the God appears everywhere he goes, pairs of animals simply follow Evan without any apparent reason. Evan grows a beard that instantly reappears no matter how many times he shaves every morning, eight vacant lots in Prestige Crest are purchased in his name. Evan soon learns that 614 refers to the verse in the Book of Genesis, God later repeatedly appears in various guises before finally revealing himself to Evan, and cordially insisting that he should also build an Ark as well. God explains to Evan that a flood is coming, and that the only opportunity Evan will have to change the world is by saving his community instead, God also tells Evan to inform others about the flood should they ask him later. Concerned about Evans behaviour, Joan initially believes that he is having a mid-life crisis, Evan begins constructing the Ark with his sons, who start to admire him as he is spending more time with them. Animals eventually follow Evan to Congress, when Long discovers this, he allows Evan latitude at first, but warns him that he will no longer tolerate it if it happens again in the future. Meanwhile, Evans staffers are outraged by his change of appearance, when Evan returns to the Ark during construction, God presents him with a robe, and later tells him that the flood will likely come at midday on September 22. The next time Evan arrives at Congress for work, animals follow him once again, Evan reluctantly explains his divine mission, but Long does not take him seriously, and Evan is fired from Congress and removed from the Public Land Act bill. Evan deduces that God purposely had him fired from Congress, so that he would have time to build the Ark. In continued skepticism, Joan leaves Evan alone after believing that he is going insane, Evan decides to build the Ark alone, gaining media attention and public ridicule, as hundreds of animals assemble in pairs. Meanwhile, God appears to Joan as a waiter at a diner, God listens to Joan as she expresses concern that Evan is only losing his sanity and allowing himself to become a laughing stock, though claiming that God told him to do it
Evan Almighty
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Theatrical release poster
Evan Almighty
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The ark being prepared for filming a scene
Evan Almighty
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The Ark used for filming was located in
Crozet, Virginia.
Evan Almighty
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Evan and God sitting in the half-built Ark. Research was done to give Evan's costume an authentic, ancient look. Some controversy focused on God being portrayed in human form.
13.
Get Smart (film)
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Get Smart is a 2008 American action comedy film directed by Peter Segal, written by Tom J. Astle and Matt Ember and produced by Leonard B. Stern, who is also the series producer. The film is based on Mel Brooks and Buck Henrys classic television series of the same name, the film stars Steve Carell, Anne Hathaway, Dwayne Johnson and Alan Arkin, and co-stars Terence Stamp, Terry Crews, David Koechner and James Caan. Bernie Kopell, who played Siegfried in the series, also appeared in the film. The film centers on an analyst named Maxwell Max Smart who dreams of becoming a field agent. The film was released on June 20,2008, get Smart received mixed reviews from critics and it earned $230 million on a $80 million budget. Maxwell Max Smart, an analyst for the top secret American intelligence agency, CONTROL, yearns to become an agent like his idol. Despite top scores in the tests, Max is denied the promotion due to his higher value as an analyst. When CONTROL headquarters is attacked by the terrorist organization KAOS, almost all of CONTROLs agents identities are exposed, Max is also promoted to field agent as Agent 86, but the experienced 99 is reluctant to partner with him because of his clumsiness. The two infiltrate the mansion of KAOS chief bomb-maker, Ladislas Krstic, and trace nuclear material to a KAOS nuclear weapons factory disguised as a Moscow bakery. In the bakery, Max meets with KAOS boss Siegfried and his second-in-command, Shtarker, Max manages to escape and destroy the weapons factory, but he and 99 are confronted by a KAOS agent named Dalip, Max manages to persuade Dalip to spare their lives. The Chief sends 23 to observe the cleanup of the factory, realizing that Max was alone during his key discoveries, CONTROL believes Max to be the double-agent. 99, who has been falling in love with Max, is heartbroken. Siegfried contacts the U. S. government and threatens to release nuclear weapon detonator codes to hostile countries unless he is paid a ransom of $200 billion, when his threats are not taken seriously, KAOS plans to detonate a nuclear bomb in Los Angeles. While Max is in a CONTROL holding cell, Dalip sends him a message via the radio show American Top 40 alerting him to Siegfrieds plan. Max escapes, arrives in Los Angeles to reunite with the Chief,99, and 23, when his Geiger counter-equipped watch picks up traces of radiation from 23, they realize 23 is the real double-agent. 23 takes 99 hostage and flees in a vehicle, after a chase, Max manages to rescue 99, but in the struggle, the car is set on fire and forced onto railroad tracks. Max kisses 23 to distract him, a trick learned from 99 and he and 99 are thrown off the vehicle before it collides with a freight train, killing 23
Get Smart (film)
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Theatrical release poster
14.
Crazy, Stupid, Love
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The film follows a recently divorced man who seeks to rediscover his manhood and is taught how to pick up women at bars. It was released in the United States and Canada by Warner Bros, pictures on July 29,2011, grossing over $142 million against its $50 million budget. Gosling received a Golden Globe Award nomination for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy for his performance, Cal Weaver is a middle-aged man who learns that his wife Emily has cheated on him with a co-worker, David Lindhagen, and that she wants a divorce. Jacob takes pity on Cal, and offers to him how to pick up women. Using Jacobs teachings, Cal seduces Kate at the bar, after this encounter, Cal manages to successfully seduce other women in the bar. He sees Emily again at their son Robbies parent-teacher conference, the interaction goes well until they discover that Robbies teacher is Kate, who reveals to Emily that she and Cal have slept together. Cal then confesses to sleeping with nine women, Emily leaves in disgust and begins actively dating David. Offended and hurt, Hannah returns to the bar where she originally rejected Jacobs advances and kisses Jacob passionately, the two return to Jacobs home to have sex, but end up talking to each other all night and making a connection. Jacob starts a relationship with Hannah, and he becomes distant from Cal, at the same time, Robbie makes numerous grand gestures to try to win the heart of his 17-year-old babysitter, Jessica Riley, who actually has a crush on Cal. On the advice of her classmate Madison, she takes naked photos of herself to send to Cal, later, when Emily calls Cal under the guise of needing help with the houses pilot light, Cal decides to try and win her back. Meanwhile, Jacob returns Cals calls and asks for advice about starting a real relationship, Jessicas mother, Claire, who dislikes Cal, discovers Jessicas naked photos in the dresser drawer and shows them to Jessicas father, Bernie. Bernie was Cals best friend before Claire made him end their friendship in the aftermath of the breakup, Bernie rushes to the Weaver residence to confront him about the photos, with Jessica in pursuit. Cal and his kids create a mini golf set in their backyard to remind Emily of their first date. During the gathering, Jacob and Hannah show up at the house, Cal is appalled that Jacob is dating his daughter, and forbids her to see him. At that moment, Bernie shows up and attacks Cal, Jessica arrives and tells her father that Cal knew nothing of the pictures. Then David arrives on the scene to return Emilys sweater from a previous date, Cal starts spending time at the bar again and receives a visit from Jacob, who confesses that he is in love with Hannah. Cal replies that he is happy that Jacob is a man but does not approve of Jacob and Hannahs relationship. Jacob does not harbor any ill feelings, rather, he respects Cal, at Robbies eighth grade graduation, Robbie is the salutatorian and gives a pessimistic speech about how he no longer believes in true love and soul-mates
Crazy, Stupid, Love
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Theatrical release poster
Crazy, Stupid, Love
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Carell at the Sydney premiere for the film in September 2011
15.
The Incredible Burt Wonderstone
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The film follows Las Vegas magician Burt Wonderstone as he attempts to reunite with his former partner Anton Marvelton to take on dangerous street magician Steve Gray. It also features Alan Arkin, Olivia Wilde and James Gandolfini, the film began development in 2006, when New Line Cinema bought Kultgens script, Burt Dickenson, The Most Powerful Magician on Planet Earth. The development process gained momentum when Charles McDougall was hired as director in 2011, Daley and Goldstein rewrote Kultgens script which then saw further rewrites from Jason Reitman in June 2011. Filming was scheduled to begin in October 2011, in Los Angeles, on a $30 million budget, filming began on January 10,2012 in Nevada with filming later moving to Los Angeles. The Incredible Burt Wonderstone was released on March 15,2013, reviews generally praised Carreys and Arkins performances, but criticized the plots inconsistent tone and predictability. Variety magazine listed The Incredible Burt Wonderstone as one of Hollywoods biggest box office bombs of 2013 when it had made $27.4 million against a $30 million production cost, in 1982, young Albert is harassed by bullies. His mother gives him a magic trick set by veteran magician Rance Holloway as his birthday present. He studies the video and begins to practice some tricks, attracting the attention of a classmate. They practice together and eventually become professional magicians Burt Wonderstone and Anton Marvelton, earning them success and an ongoing headlining act at the Ballys Hotel in Las Vegas. However, after ten years of performing the same tricks over and over again, Anton is fed up with Burts ego, in a rush, Burt enlists production assistant Jane as the new Nicole. Burt and Anton encounter up-and-coming street magician Steve Gray performing a unique yet horrifying card trick for his TV magic show, Audience numbers soon dwindle at Burt and Antons show, upsetting Ballys owner Doug Munny. Taking a cue from Grays endurance-based stunts, Anton suggests that he, overconfident, Burt does not prepare for the stunt and almost instantly falls into a panic, causing the stunt to fail and injuring Anton. Anton angrily ends his partnership with Burt, and Jane also quits, Burt refuses to change his act, staging his two-man show alone to disastrous results. Munny shuts down the production and Burt, having squandered his earnings over the years, is left broke, despondent, Burt tries to find work and is eventually hired as an entertainer at an assisted-living facility catering to former Vegas entertainers. There he meets Holloway, who retired several years before because he found that he was no longer happy performing, Holloway counsels Burt about magic, inspiring him to remember the initial wonder that led him to become a magician. Burt is shocked to see Jane—herself an aspiring magician—working for Gray, appalled by Grays style, Holloway and Burt polish their own tricks. Jane visits her grandmother at the facility and patches things up with Burt, Doug is opening a new casino-hotel and is offering a five-year contract to the winner of a talent search on the casinos opening night. He invites Burt to do a show at his sons birthday party
The Incredible Burt Wonderstone
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Theatrical release poster
The Incredible Burt Wonderstone
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Steve Carell and
Jim Carrey play Burt Wonderstone and Steve Gray respectively. This is the third film in which Carrey and Carell starred alongside another, after 2003's
Bruce Almighty and 2008's
Horton Hears a Who!.
The Incredible Burt Wonderstone
16.
The Way, Way Back
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The Way, Way Back is a 2013 American comedy film written and directed by Nat Faxon and Jim Rash in their directorial debut. The film stars Liam James, Steve Carell, Toni Collette, Allison Janney, AnnaSophia Robb, Sam Rockwell and Maya Rudolph, with Rob Corddry, Amanda Peet, Faxon and it premiered at the 2013 Sundance Film Festival. Trent emotionally disparages Duncan, often making comments and gestures that are belittling, Steph in turn is equally rude and snobby towards Duncan and she seems to be spoiled by Trent, who in contrast to his treatment of Duncan seems to let her do whatever she wants. On the way to the house, Trent asks Duncan to rate himself on a scale of one to ten. They arrive at the house and are greeted by the neighbors, the gregarious, hard-drinking Betty, her children Susanna and Peter. Later that evening, Duncan and Susanna have a conversation from their adjacent porches. Duncan discovers a small bicycle in the garage of the beach house. At a pizza restaurant, he runs into the staff of Water Wizz and he meets Owen who is playing Pac-Man, and eventually Owen takes Duncan under his wing and shows him around the park. Duncan meets the colorful, rag-tag group of employees, Caitlin, Lewis. Several kids at the water park speak reverently of a pass in the tube slide. Owen hires Duncan for odd jobs at Water Wizz, outside the park, Duncan is continually neglected by his mother, Pam, who indulges in drinking, staying out at night, and smoking marijuana with other adult vacationers. Later that night, Duncan witnesses Trent and Joan kissing by the side of the house, Pam begins to suspect Trent and Joan are having an affair, but Trent convinces her nothing is going on. Later, Duncan confronts Pam in front of friends and neighbors and tells her to face up to Trents affair, Trent in turn tells Duncan his divorced father does not want him. Susanna follows him and comforts Duncan out on the beach, Duncan attempts to kiss Susanna, but she moves away, which makes him become even more upset. Accompanied by Peter, Duncan sneaks away to Water Wizz where Owen is throwing a going away party for Lewis, after spending all night with his friends at Water Wizz, Duncan is still at the park the next morning, refusing to leave. Owen confronts him and asks him why he does not want to go home, Duncan opens up to Owen about his relationship with Trent and how the water park is the only place where he feels happy and accepted. He tells Duncan there is a big world out there, when Duncan arrives back at the beach house, Pam tells him they are leaving with Trent and Steph. Betty and her kids arrive to say their goodbyes, Susanna finally kisses Duncan, admitting that she was just surprised when she avoided his kiss earlier
The Way, Way Back
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Theatrical release poster
17.
Over the Hedge (film)
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Over the Hedge is a 2006 American computer-animated comedy film, based on the characters from the United Media comic strip of the same name. Directed by Tim Johnson and Karey Kirkpatrick, and produced by Bonnie Arnold, the film was produced by DreamWorks Animation and distributed through Paramount Pictures. The film features the voices of Bruce Willis, Garry Shandling, Steve Carell, William Shatner, Wanda Sykes and it is the first DreamWorks Animation film to be distributed by Paramount Pictures,1 which acquired the live-action DreamWorks studio in 2006. The film earned $336 million on an $80 million budget, while scavenging for food, RJ the raccoon enters the cave of Vincent the bear, who has a wagon full of human food taken from a nearby rest stop. RJ accidentally wakes Vincent from his hibernation, and in a race to escape, causes the stash to roll out onto the nearby highway, to avoid being eaten himself, RJ promises Vincent that he will completely replace the stash within the week. RJ heads towards a recently built suburban housing development in Indiana, the animals are scared, as the development had been built during their hibernation and they fear they will be unable to forage for food in the small glade. RJ shows them the amount of food humans consume and waste, Verne is hesitant but the other animals acquiesce. They make bold attempts to steal directly from the humans. Verne sees this and tries to warn the others, but RJ insists they will be okay. Fearing for the safety of the pack, Verne attempts to return what they stole, he and RJ argue, causing a rampage through the development. RJ rallies the others to raid Gladys home directly on the night before a large party, with Stella disguised as a cat to distract Gladys own cat, Tiger, the others enter Gladys home and collect all the food. RJ inadvertently reveals his duplicity to the animals, just as they are discovered by Gladys who calls Dwayne, RJ escapes with the food for Vincent but leaves the other animals to be captured by Dwayne. As RJ returns the food to Vincent, he sees Dwaynes truck drive by and impulsively uses the food to knock the truck off the road, enraging Vincent. Dwayne is knocked out while the animals get free, and Spike, Bucky, RJ pleads to be let in the truck as Vincent tries to catch him, but the others, angry at his duplicity, refuse. Verne convinces the group to forgive RJ since he came back to save them and they return the truck to the development, crashing through Gladys home, and the animals flee into the hedge. Gladys and Dwayne converge on the animals from one side with a Weedhacker, to escape, RJ gives Hammy a caffeinated beverage, allowing the hyperactive squirrel to move incredibly fast. Hammy is able to manipulate Dwayne into capturing Vincent, causing Vincent, Gladys, the police and animal control arrive, and Vincent is sent to the Rocky Mountains while Gladys and Dwayne are arrested for using the Turbo. RJ and Verne apologize to each other, and RJ is brought into the group, as is Tiger, who became infatuated with Stella even after learning she was a skunk
Over the Hedge (film)
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Theatrical release poster
Over the Hedge (film)
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Bruce Willis at the film's premiere at the
2006 Cannes Film Festival
Over the Hedge (film)
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Avril Lavigne at the film's premiere at the
2006 Cannes Film Festival
Over the Hedge (film)
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Co-director
Karey Kirkpatrick and producer
Bonnie Arnold in 2006 promoting the film.
18.
Horton Hears a Who! (film)
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Horton Hears a Who. is a 2008 American computer-animated fantasy adventure comedy film based on the book of the same name by Dr. Seuss. Produced by Blue Sky Studios, the film was directed by Jimmy Hayward and Steve Martino and it features the voices of Jim Carrey and Steve Carell. Released theatrically on March 14,2008, by 20th Century Fox, a dust speck is dislodged from its obscure place and sent adrift through the Jungle of Nool. At the same time, Horton the elephant, the eccentric nature teacher. The dust speck floats past him in the air, and he hears a tiny yelp coming from it, believing that an entire society of microscopic creatures are living on that speck, he places it atop of a clover. Horton finds out the speck harbors the city of Whoville and its inhabitants and he has a wife, Sally,96 daughters, and one teenage son named JoJo. Despite being the oldest and next in line for the position, JoJo doesnt want to be the next mayor. After he makes contact with Horton, the Mayor finds out from Dr. Mary Lou LaRue that Whoville will be destroyed if Horton does not find a safer, more stable home. Horton resolves (with the help of his best friend Morton the mouse to place the speck atop Mt. Nool, also taking force toward Horton are the Wickersham Brothers, a group of monkeys who love making misery. Eventually, the Kangaroo enlists a vulture named Vlad Vladikoff to get rid of the speck by force, Vlad manages to steal the clover away from Horton and drops it into a massive field of identical pink clovers, causing an apocalyptic tremor in Whoville. After unsuccessfully picking nearly 3,000,000 clovers, Horton eventually recovers the clover, upon cornering him, the Kangaroo offers Horton an escape from punishment by renouncing Whovilles existence. When Horton refuses, in spite of his speech, the Kangaroo orders the animals to rope and cage him, and to have the speck. The Mayor enlists all of his people to make noise by shouting We are here, as Horton lies beaten and captured, the Kangaroo easily takes the clover, and releases it. Meanwhile, JoJo grabs the horn used to project Hortons voice, runs up the highest tower, breaking through the sound barrier just seconds before the speck hits the oil. The Kangaroos son, Rudy grabs the clover and returns it to Horton, the animals finally hear the Whos and realize the truth and isolate the Kangaroo for tricking them. While being praised for his integrity by his neighbors, Horton even forgives the devastated Kangaroo, here, the people of Whoville and the animals of Nool gather in song and recite the chorus from Cant Fight This Feeling. The film ends with the narrator revealing that the Jungle of Nool, or rather Earth, is just one speck, like Whoville, among numerous others, floating in outer space. Jim Carrey as Horton the Elephant, an outgoing, big-hearted, loving, sweet, Horton has no tusks, lives by himself and possesses acute hearing abilities
Horton Hears a Who! (film)
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Theatrical release poster
19.
Despicable Me (franchise)
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Despicable Me is a computer-animated comedy film franchise distributed by Universal Pictures and produced by Illumination Entertainment. It consists of three films, ten short films and additional merchandise. It centers on Gru, a super-villain, his yellow-coloured Minions and it began with the 2010 film, Despicable Me, and its 2013 sequel, Despicable Me 2. A prequel featuring Grus Minions, titled Minions, was released in 2015, the franchise also includes a simulator ride attraction Despicable Me, Minion Mayhem at Universal Studios Florida and Universal Studios Hollywood. Despicable Me 3 will be released on June 30,2017, Despicable Me, the first film in the series, and the first film from Illumination Entertainment, was released on July 9,2010. It was directed by Pierre Coffin and Chris Renaud, based on a story by Sergio Pablos. It tells the story of Gru, a super-villain who adopts three girls, Margo, Edith and Agnes, from an orphanage to try and steal a shrink ray from Vector, his rival, to shrink and steal the Earths moon. Despicable Me received positive reviews, and grossed over $543 million worldwide, against a budget of $69 million, launching a new franchise. A sequel, titled Despicable Me 2, released on July 3,2013, was again directed by Pierre Coffin and Chris Renaud. Steve Carell, Russell Brand, Miranda Cosgrove, Dana Gaier, Kristen Wiig, who voiced Miss Hattie in the first film, voices Lucy Wilde, an agent of the Anti-Villain League who recruits Gru to take down a new villain. New cast members include Benjamin Bratt as Eduardo, Bratt replaced the previously cast Al Pacino, Steve Coogan voices Silas Ramsbottom, lead director of the Anti-Villain League. The sequel was met with reviews and grossed more than its predecessor with over $970 million worldwide. Steve Burke, the NBCUniversal CEO, confirmed in September 2013, in January 2014, it was announced to be released on June 30,2017. The film will be directed by Pierre Coffin and Kyle Balda, Cinco Paul and Ken Daurio, the writers of the first two films, will also return to write the screenplay for the third film. Steve Carell, Kristen Wiig, Miranda Cosgrove, and Dana Gaier will once again reprise their roles as Gru, Lucy Wilde, Margo, Carell will also voice another character in the film, Grus long-lost twin brother Dru. New cast members include Trey Parker as the voice of Balthazar Bratt, a prequel, featuring the Minions, was released on July 10,2015. Written by Brian Lynch, it was directed by Pierre Coffin and Kyle Balda, sandra Bullock voiced Scarlet Overkill, the villain of the film and Jon Hamm voiced her husband and inventor, Herb Overkill. A sequel to Minions was announced on January 25,2017, three short films based on the Despicable Me films, Home Makeover, Orientation Day and Banana were released in 2010, on the films DVD and Blu-ray
Despicable Me (franchise)
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Despicable Me: Minion Rush app logo
20.
Life (magazine)
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Life was an American magazine that ran weekly from 1883 to 1936 as a humor magazine with limited circulation. Time owner Henry Luce bought the magazine in 1936, solely so that he could acquire the rights to its name, Life was published weekly until 1972, as an intermittent special until 1978, and as a monthly from 1978 to 2000. After 2000 Time Inc. continued to use the Life brand for special, Life returned to regularly scheduled issues when it became a weekly newspaper supplement from 2004 to 2007. The website life. com, originally one of the channels on Time Inc. s Pathfinder service, was for a time in the late 2000s managed as a joint venture with Getty Images under the name See Your World, LLC. On January 30,2012 the LIFE. com URL became a channel on Time. com. When Life was founded in 1883, it was developed as similar to the British magazine and it was published for 53 years as a general-interest light entertainment magazine, heavy on illustrations, jokes and social commentary. The Luce Life was the first all-photographic American news magazine, the magazines role in the history of photojournalism is considered its most important contribution to publishing. Life was wildly successful for two generations before its prestige was diminished by economics and changing tastes, Life was founded January 4,1883, in a New York City artists studio at 1155 Broadway, as a partnership between John Ames Mitchell and Andrew Miller. Mitchell held a 75 per cent interest in the magazine with the remainder by Miller, both men retained their holdings until their deaths. Miller served as secretary-treasurer of the magazine and was very successful managing the side of the operation. Mitchell, a 37-year-old illustrator who used a $10,000 inheritance to invest in the weekly magazine, Mitchell created the first Life name-plate with cupids as mascots, he later drew its masthead of a knight leveling his lance at the posterior of a fleeing devil. Mitchell took advantage of a new printing process using zinc-coated plates. This edge helped because Life faced stiff competition from the humor magazines Judge and Puck. Edward Sandford Martin was brought on as Lifes first literary editor, the motto of the first issue of Life was, While theres Life, theres hope. The new magazine set forth its principles and policies to its readers and we shall try to domesticate as much as possible of the casual cheerfulness that is drifting about in an unfriendly world. The magazine was a success and soon attracted the leading contributors. Among the most important was Charles Dana Gibson, three years after the magazine was founded, the Massachusetts native first sold Life a drawing for $4, a dog outside his kennel howling at the moon. Encouraged by a publisher who was also an artist, Gibson was joined in Life early days by such illustrators as Palmer Cox
Life (magazine)
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Cover art for Life, 27 January 1910 issue, illustration by
Coles Phillips.
Life (magazine)
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Logo of Life magazine
Life (magazine)
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A cover of the earlier Life magazine from 1911
Life (magazine)
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1922 cover, "The
Flapper " by F. X. Leyendecker
21.
Foxcatcher
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Foxcatcher is a 2014 American biographical sports true crime drama film produced and directed by Bennett Miller. Written by E. Max Frye and Dan Futterman, the film stars Steve Carell, Channing Tatum, although the films action is largely set at du Ponts now-broken-up 800-acre suburban Philadelphia estate Foxcatcher Farm, the majority of the movie was filmed in the Pittsburgh metropolitan area. Foxcatcher received critical acclaim for the performances of Carell, Tatum, and Ruffalo, as well as Millers direction and it was nominated for the Palme dOr in the main competition section at the 2014 Cannes Film Festival, where Miller won the Best Director Award. The film had three Golden Globe Award nominations, including Best Picture, the film was nominated for five Oscars at the 2015 Academy Awards, including a Best Actor nomination for Carell, Best Supporting Actor for Ruffalo and Best Director for Miller. Olympic wrestling champion Mark Schultz speaks at a school in place of his older brother. Both are Olympic gold medal winners, but Mark feels overshadowed by Dave, du Pont invites Mark to join his wrestling team, Team Foxcatcher, to be paid to train for the World Championship. Mark accepts the offer, with du Pont urging him to enlist Dave as well, Dave declines for the sake of his wife and two children, who are settled where they live, so Mark moves to Pennsylvania alone. Mark stays in a homey guest house and is greeted there later in the night by du Pont, through training with his new teammates and du Ponts financial support, Mark excels with Foxcatcher, winning a Gold Medal at the 1987 World Wrestling Championships. Du Pont praises him, and they develop a friendship, du Pont introduces Mark to cocaine, which he starts to use regularly. He confides in Mark, whom he now calls a friend, telling him how his mother, Jean du Pont. Jean tells her son that she believes wrestling is a low sport, one day, Mark and his teammates in Foxcatcher take the morning off from training to watch mixed martial arts on TV. Angered by this, du Pont verbally and physically rebuffs him, Dave decides to move with his family to Pennsylvania so he can join Foxcatcher. His self-esteem damaged by du Pont, Mark decides to work and train alone, pushing away du Pont, as Team Foxcatcher prepares to enter the preliminaries for the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, du Ponts mother is escorted into du Ponts gym to watch him coach his team. He awkwardly demonstrates basic maneuvers for her and the other wrestlers, Jean leaves in disgust after seeing du Pont give his back to his student. At the 1988 Olympic Trials in Pensacola, Florida, Mark performs poorly, angered by his failure, Mark destroys his room, cries and goes on an eating binge. Dave manages to break into his room and is alarmed at his brothers condition and they work feverishly so Mark can make his weight class. As Mark exercises, Dave prevents du Pont from speaking with Mark, Mark competes well enough to win his match and make the Olympic team. Dave notices that du Pont is absent, learning that he left for Pennsylvania after being told his mother died
Foxcatcher
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Theatrical release poster
Foxcatcher
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From left: Producers Jon Kilik and
Megan Ellison,
Mark Ruffalo,
Channing Tatum, director
Bennett Miller, and
Steve Carell at the
2014 Cannes Film Festival
22.
Academy Award for Best Actor
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The Academy Award for Best Actor is an award presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. It is given in honor of an actor who has delivered a performance in a leading role while working within the film industry. The 1st Academy Awards ceremony was held in 1929 with Emil Jannings receiving the award for his roles in The Last Command and The Way of All Flesh. Currently, nominees are determined by single transferable vote within the branch of AMPAS. In the first three years of the awards, actors were nominated as the best in their categories, at that time, all of their work during the qualifying period was listed after the award. The following year, this unwieldy and confusing system was replaced by the current system in which an actor is nominated for a performance in a single film. Starting with the 9th ceremony held in 1937, the category was officially limited to five nominations per year, since its inception, the award has been given to 79 actors. Daniel Day-Lewis has received the most awards in this category with three Oscars, spencer Tracy and Laurence Olivier were nominated on nine occasions, more than any other actor. As of the 2017 ceremony, Casey Affleck is the most recent winner in category for his role as Lee Chandler in Manchester by the Sea. In the following table, the years are listed as per Academy convention, and generally correspond to the year of release in Los Angeles County. For the first five ceremonies, the eligibility period spanned twelve months from August 1 to July 31, for the 6th ceremony held in 1934, the eligibility period lasted from August 1,1932 to December 31,1933
Academy Award for Best Actor
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Emil Jannings (center) was the first winner in this category for his roles in 1928's
The Last Command and 1927's
The Way of All Flesh.
Academy Award for Best Actor
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Warner Baxter won in 1928 for his performance in
In Old Arizona.
Academy Award for Best Actor
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George Arliss won in 1929 for his performance in
Disraeli.
Academy Award for Best Actor
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Lionel Barrymore won in 1930 for his performance in
A Free Soul.
23.
Little Miss Sunshine
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Little Miss Sunshine is a 2006 American comedy-drama road film and the directorial debut of the husband-wife team of Jonathan Dayton and Valerie Faris. The screenplay was written by first-time writer Michael Arndt, the film stars Greg Kinnear, Steve Carell, Toni Collette, Paul Dano, Abigail Breslin and Alan Arkin, and was produced by Big Beach Films on a budget of US$8 million. Filming began on June 6,2005 and took place over 30 days in Arizona, the film had a limited release in the United States on July 26,2006, and later expanded to a wider release starting on August 18. Little Miss Sunshine had a box office gross of $100.5 million. The film was nominated for four Academy Awards, including Best Picture and it also won the Independent Spirit Award for Best Feature and received numerous other accolades. Sheryl Hoover is a mother of two living in Albuquerque, New Mexico. Her brother, Frank, who is gay and a scholar of Proust, is living at home with the family after having attempted suicide. Sheryls husband Richard is a Type A personality striving to build a career as a motivational speaker, Dwayne, Sheryls son from a previous marriage, is a Nietzsche-reading teenager who has taken a vow of silence until he can accomplish his dream of becoming a test pilot. Richards foulmouthed father, Edwin, recently evicted from a retirement home for snorting heroin, Olive, the daughter of Richard and Sheryl and the youngest of the Hoover family, is an aspiring beauty queen who is coached by Edwin. Olive learns she has qualified for the Little Miss Sunshine beauty pageant that is being held in Redondo Beach and her parents and Edwin, who has been coaching her, want to support her, and Frank and Dwayne cannot be left alone, so the whole family goes. Because they have money, they go on an 800-mile road trip in their yellow Volkswagen Type 2. Family tensions play out on the highway and at stops along the way, later on, the vans horn starts honking unceasingly by itself. Throughout the road trip, the family suffers numerous personal setbacks, Richard loses an important contract that would have jump-started his motivational business. Frank encounters the ex-boyfriend who, in leaving him for a rival, had prompted his suicide attempt. Edwin dies from an overdose, resulting in the family smuggling the body out of a hospital. The climax takes place at the beauty pageant, after a frantic race against the clock the family arrives at the hotel, and are curtly told by a pageant organizer that they are a couple minutes past the deadline. A sympathetic hired hand instead offers to register Olive on his own time, as Olive prepares for the pageant, the family sees Olives competition, slim, hypersexualized pre-teen girls with teased hair and capped teeth. They wear lip gloss, adult-like swimsuits, and glamorous evening wear while performing highly elaborate dance numbers with great panache and it quickly becomes apparent that Olive is a mere amateur by comparison
Little Miss Sunshine
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Theatrical release poster
Little Miss Sunshine
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A
Volkswagen T2 Microbus, similar to the one in the film
Little Miss Sunshine
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Five modified vans were used during filming to capture various angles of the characters, including this one through the windshield.
Little Miss Sunshine
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To make Abigail Breslin's character (center) appear larger than the other girls, she wore a padded suit. Much of the equipment and costumes exhibited during the pageant were provided by actual contestants' parents.
24.
The Big Short (film)
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The film stars Christian Bale, Steve Carell, Ryan Gosling, Brad Pitt, Melissa Leo, Hamish Linklater, John Magaro, Rafe Spall, Jeremy Strong, Finn Wittrock and Marisa Tomei. The film is noted for the techniques it employs to explain complex financial instruments. Several other actors directly address the audience, most frequently Gosling, the film was nominated for five Academy Awards, including Best Picture, Best Director, Best Supporting Actor for Bale, Best Film Editing and Best Adapted Screenplay, winning the last. The film consists of three stories which run concurrently with no plot overlap – they are only connected by the commonality of the predicted housing market collapse. Michael Burry storyline In 2005, eccentric hedge fund manager Michael Burry discovers that the United States housing market is extremely unstable, anticipating that the market will collapse during Q22007, as interest rates would rise from adjustable-rate mortgages, he envisions an opportunity to profit. His plan is to create a default swap market, allowing him to bet against market-based mortgage-backed securities. He proposes his idea to several major investment and commercial banks who readily accept, Burrys huge long-term bet, exceeding $1 billion, entails paying substantial monthly premiums to the banks. This proviso incurs his clients ire, believing he is wasting capital, and many demand that he reverse and sell, under pressure, Burry restricts withdrawals from his fund, angering his investors. A misplaced phone call alerts Front Point hedge fund manager Mark Baum to his plans, Vennett explains that the market collapse is being further perpetuated by the packaging of subprime loans into collateralized debt obligations large enough to be considered AAA ratings. Baum sends staff to investigate the Miami housing market and they discover that mortgage brokers are making money by selling risky mortgages to the Wall Street banks, in early 2007, these loans begin to default, but the prices of the CDOs somehow rise. Meanwhile, ratings agencies refuse to downgrade the ratings of these failing bonds, when Baum questions an acquaintance at Standard & Poors, he discovers conflict of interest and dishonesty amongst the credit rating agencies. When Baums employees question Vennetts motives, he maintains position and invites Baum, Baum interviews CDO manager Wing Chau, who creates CDOs on behalf of an investment bank, claiming to represent the interests of investors. Chau describes how synthetic CDOs make a chain of large bets on the faulty loans. Baum horrifyingly realizes that the fraud will completely collapse the global economy and decides to purchase as many swaps as possible, profiting from the situation at the banks expense. Waiting until the last minute to sell their position, Baums fund makes a profit of $1 billion, since they are below the capital threshold for an ISDA Master Agreement required to enter into trades like Burrys and Baums, they enlist the aid of retired securities trader Ben Rickert. When the bond values and CDOs rise despite defaults, Geller suspects the banks of committing fraud, the three also visit the American Securitization Forum, where they learn that the U. S. Securities and Exchange Commission has no regulations to monitor mortgage-backed security activity. They manage to make an even more profitable payout deal than other hedge funds by shorting the higher-rated mortgage securities. These securities were considered stable and the banks were willing to sell swaps on them extremely cheaply
The Big Short (film)
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Teaser poster
25.
Golden Globe Award
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Golden Globe Awards are accolades bestowed by the 93 members of the Hollywood Foreign Press Association, recognizing excellence in film and television, both domestic and foreign. The annual ceremony at which the awards are presented is a part of the film industrys awards season. The 74th Golden Globe Awards, honoring the best in film, the 1st Golden Globe Awards, honoring the best achievements in 1943 filmmaking, was held in January 1944, at the 20th Century-Fox studios. Subsequent ceremonies were held at venues throughout the next decade, including the Beverly Hills Hotel. In 1950, the Hollywood Foreign Press Association made the decision to establish an honorary award to recognize outstanding contributions to the entertainment industry. Recognizing its subject as a figure within the entertainment industry. The official name of the award became the Cecil B. In 1963, the Miss Golden Globe concept was introduced, in its inaugural year, two Miss Golden Globes were named, one for film and one for television. The two Miss Golden Globes named that year were Eva Six and Donna Douglas, respectively, in 2009, the Golden Globe statuette was redesigned. It was unveiled at a conference at the Beverly Hilton prior to the show. The broadcast of the Golden Globe Awards, telecast to 167 countries worldwide, generally ranks as the third most-watched awards show each year, behind only the Oscars, gervais returned to host the 68th and 69th Golden Globe Awards the next two years. Tina Fey and Amy Poehler hosted the 70th, 71st and 72nd Golden Globe Awards in 2015, the Golden Globe Awards theme song, which debuted in 2012, was written by Japanese musician and songwriter Yoshiki Hayashi. On January 7,2008, it was announced due to the 2007–2008 Writers Guild of America strike. The ceremony was faced with a threat by striking writers to picket the event, the Hollywood Foreign Press Association was forced to adopt another approach for the broadcast. In acting categories, Meryl Streep holds the record for the most competitive Golden Globe wins with eight, however, including honorary awards, such as the Henrietta Award, World Film Favorite Actor/Actress Award, or Cecil B. DeMille Award, Barbra Streisand leads with nine, additionally, Streisand won for composing the song Evergreen, producing the Best Picture, and directing Yentl in 1984. Jack Nicholson, Angela Lansbury, Alan Alda and Shirley MacLaine have six awards each, behind them are Rosalind Russell and Jessica Lange with five wins. Meryl Streep also holds the record for most nominations with thirty, at the 46th Golden Globe Awards an anomaly occurred, a three way-tie for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama
Golden Globe Award
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The Golden Globe statuette
26.
Emerson Hospital
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Emerson Hospital is a hospital located in Concord, Massachusetts, at 133 Old Road to Nine Acre Corner, founded in 1911 on 40 acres donated by Charles Emerson. It is a full-service, non-profit community hospital and acute care center with 177 beds. Emersons wife died on December 7,1910, the Concord Enterprise, on December 18, provided details that a gift of land and money had been given to the New England Deaconess Association. The article stated, “The gift comes through Mr. Emerson, whose wife was recently as inmate of the Brookline hospital, the article stated the hospital was constructed using terra cotta tiles with concrete facing. One entered the vestibule of the hospital through swinging doors, walls were pale green with “natural finished birch woodwork. ”From the vestibule, one entered the main hospital. “Upon entering the main hall one’s eye is instantly attracted by a picture on the wall at the right. This picture, which is of Mrs. Charles Emerson, the gift of Mr. Emerson, is a painting by William James, son of the late Prof. James of Harvard. ”Facing financial difficulties, in October 1924, what had been known as the Deaconess Hospital incorporated in Concord with the name Emerson Hospital. The newly named hospital opened in November and the first admission was a boy with appendicitis. In 1934, the rates for a bed on the ward were billed at $3.50 per day, rates for maternity were greater, ranging from $4.00 to $6.50 for a private room per day. The hospital charged $10.00 for the delivery of a baby, charges for use of the operating room were $5.00 plus $5.00 for anesthesia for minor cases and $10.00 plus $5.00 for anesthesia for major surgical cases. The removal of tonsils cost $9.50 while any treatment requiring the use of dressings ranged in fees from $2.00 to $5.00, even at these rates, many patients could not afford the services they received while a patient at Emerson. The laboratory charged fees ranging from $1.00 to $5.00, Emerson Health System Inc. is a not-for-profit corporation organized under Massachusetts law and is tax exempt under the Internal Revenue Code Section 501. Emerson Health System Inc. is the member of Emerson Hospital. Emerson Hospital is also a not-for-profit corporation
Emerson Hospital
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Emerson Hospital John Cuming Building
27.
Acton, Massachusetts
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The population was 21,929 at the 2010 census and ranked 35th on the list of List of highest-income places in the United States|highest-income places with a population of at least 10,000. It is bordered by Westford and Littleton to the north, Concord and Carlisle to the east, Stow, Maynard, Acton became an incorporated town in 1735. The town employs the Open Town Meeting form of government with a Town Manager, Acton was named the 11th Best Place To Live among small towns in the country by Money Magazine in 2015, and the 16th best in 2009 and in 2011. The local high school, Acton-Boxborough Regional High School, was named a Blue Ribbon School by the U. S. Department of Education in 2009. In 2012, U. S. News & World Report ranked Acton-Boxborough #3 among open enrollment high schools, Acton is located at 42°29′N 71°27′W. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has an area of 20.3 square miles, of which 20.0 square miles is land and 0.3 square miles. Almost all of Acton is forested, except for where it has been cleared for residential or agricultural use, some forested areas have been put aside for special use by corporations. The current geography of Acton was created when the last wave of glaciers retreated approximately ten years ago. Acton has nine drumlins — hills which are composed of glacial till, in addition, Wills Hole and Grassy Pond are kettle ponds which were formed in depressions in the till formed by large blocks of ice. Both stream systems empty into the Assabet River, which passes briefly through the town at its southern corner, Nagog Pond in the north, forms Actons border with the Town of Littleton and provides drinking water to the Town of Concord. A small artificial pond is at NARA Park in North Acton, while Acton Center has been the civic center of the town since the revolution, the four other villages centers earned their nomenclature from the names of their corresponding railroad station. The modern post office and the station are each located about one-half mile away in opposite directions along Main Street. Otherwise, Acton Center is generally a residential area, West Acton is an important commercial area of town, consisting of several commercial developments centered along Route 111. It developed in response to the growth of the Fitchburg Railroad in the 19th century, South Acton used to be the most industrialized area of the town of Acton. In the 18th century, this area held many mills and other industrial developments that used water power generated by Fort Pond Brook. The area includes the Faulkner Homestead, the oldest home still standing in Acton, the Faulkner Homestead was owned by the Faulkner family who also owned and ran a mill across the street. Jones Tavern is another still-standing revolutionary-era structure in South Acton that is listed on the National Register of Historic Places, the South Acton is the only rail station on the Fitchburg line still active in Acton. East Acton was originally a commercial area that grew up around the East Acton train station in the 19th century
Acton, Massachusetts
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Acton Town Hall
Acton, Massachusetts
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wetlands in acton off Massachusetts ave, summer 2015
Acton, Massachusetts
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Isaac Davis ' birth house in Acton, Massachusetts in 1905 (left) and 2015 (right)
Acton, Massachusetts
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Isaac Davis Monument and the Acton Town Hall
28.
Psychiatry
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Psychiatry is the medical specialty devoted to the diagnosis, prevention, study, and treatment of mental disorders. These include various abnormalities related to mood, behaviour, cognition, initial psychiatric assessment of a person typically begins with a case history and mental status examination. Physical examinations and psychological tests may be conducted, on occasion, neuroimaging or other neurophysiological techniques are used. The fifth edition of the DSM was published in 2013, assertive community treatment, community reinforcement, and supported employment. Treatment may be delivered on an inpatient or outpatient basis, depending on the severity of functional impairment or on aspects of the disorder in question. The term psychiatry was first coined by the German physician Johann Christian Reil in 1808, a medical doctor specializing in psychiatry is a psychiatrist. Psychiatry refers to a field of medicine focused specifically on the mind, aiming to study, prevent and it has been described as an intermediary between the world from a social context and the world from the perspective of those who are mentally ill. People who specialize in psychiatry often differ from most other health professionals. The discipline studies the operations of different organs and body systems as classified by the subjective experiences. Psychiatry treats mental disorders, which are divided into three very general categories, mental illnesses, severe learning disabilities, and personality disorders. While the focus of psychiatry has changed little over time, the diagnostic and treatment processes have evolved dramatically, since the late 20th century the field of psychiatry has continued to become more biological and less conceptually isolated from other medical fields. Psychiatrists can therefore counsel patients, prescribe medication, order laboratory tests, order neuroimaging, like other purveyors of professional ethics, the World Psychiatric Association issues an ethical code to govern the conduct of psychiatrists. The psychiatric code of ethics, first set forth through the Declaration of Hawaii in 1977, has expanded through a 1983 Vienna update and, in 1996. The code was revised during the organizations general assembblies in 1999,2002,2005. Discredited psychiatrists who operated outside the norms of medical ethics include Harry Bailey, Donald Ewen Cameron, Samuel A. Cartwright, Henry Cotton, Psychiatric illnesses can be conceptualised in a number of different ways. The biomedical approach examines signs and symptoms and compares them with diagnostic criteria, Mental illness can be assessed, conversely, through a narrative which tries to incorporate symptoms into a meaningful life history and to frame them as responses to external conditions. The notion of a model is often used to underline the multifactorial nature of clinical impairment. In this notion the word model is not used in a scientific way though
Psychiatry
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The word psyche comes from the
ancient Greek for
soul or
butterfly. The fluttering insect appears in the
coat of arms of Britain's
Royal College of Psychiatrists
Psychiatry
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NIMH federal agency patient room for Psychiatric research, Maryland, USA.
Psychiatry
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Dr. Philippe Pinel at the Salpêtrière, 1795 by
Tony Robert-Fleury. Pinel ordering the removal of chains from patients at the Paris Asylum for insane women.
29.
Allen B. DuMont
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Allen Balcom DuMont, also spelled Du Mont, was an American electronics engineer, scientist and inventor best known for improvements to the cathode ray tube in 1931 for use in television receivers. Seven years later he manufactured and sold the first commercially practical television set to the public, in June 1938, his Model 180 television receiver was the first all-electronic television set ever sold to the public, a few months prior to RCAs first set in April 1939. C. DuMonts successes in television tubes, TV sets and components. DuMont was born in Brooklyn, New York City, at the age of 10, he was stricken with polio and was quarantined at his familys Eastern Parkway apartment for nearly a year. During his quarantine, his father brought home books and magazines for the young DuMont to read while bedridden, at this time, DuMont developed an interest in science, specifically wireless radio communication, and taught himself Morse code. His father bought him a radio receiver, which he assembled, took apart, reassembled. He improved his set each time he rebuilt it and later built a transmitter, while recuperating from polio, DuMont was advised to swim to regain the use of his legs. In 1914, the moved to Montclair, New Jersey. He graduated from Montclair High School in 1919, and went to Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in Troy, New York, in 1915, DuMont became the youngest American to obtain a first class commercial radio operators license at age 14. The following summer, he worked as a radio operator aboard a coastal steamer making runs from New York to Providence, after graduating from Rensselaer in 1924, DuMont worked at the Westinghouse Lamp Company in Bloomfield, New Jersey, in charge of radio tube production. While there, he increased production from 500 tubes per day to an astounding 50,000 tubes per day, management decided to give him a $500 bonus, a small raise, and the Westinghouse Award, an award devised to recognize his accomplishments. The Westinghouse Award was later presented as an award to high school seniors showing promise in a field of science. By 1928, DuMont was searching for new opportunities and was wooed by Dr. Lee De Forest, a pioneer who developed the audion tube. De Forest had a career as an inventor and had several failed business ventures. DuMont was hired as president and production manager for radio tubes. Factory capacity was increased to 30,000 tubes per day, when De Forest took over the mechanical television system of C. Francis Jenkins, DuMont turned his attention to television. He was involved in the first television transmissions from W2XCD in Passaic, but DuMont realized that clear images would need the development of scanning in a cathode ray tube. DuMont worked to improve television transmission and reception and went to De Forest asking for funds to build a long-lasting cathode ray tube for television reception, De Forest denied DuMonts request as De Forests investors were demanding better returns
Allen B. DuMont
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Allen B. DuMont with first 21-inch color TV picture tube (1954)
Allen B. DuMont
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DuMont 164 Oscillograph (1939-40), an early general purpose oscillograph
Allen B. DuMont
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Magic Eye tube used for tuning in a 1939
Mission Bell Model 410 radio. (green glow)
30.
Roman Catholic
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The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church or the Universal Church, is the largest Christian church, with more than 1.28 billion members worldwide. As one of the oldest religious institutions in the world, it has played a prominent role in the history, headed by the Bishop of Rome, known as the Pope, the churchs doctrines are summarised in the Nicene Creed and the Apostles Creed. Its central administration is located in Vatican City, enclaved within Rome, the Catholic Church is notable within Western Christianity for its sacred tradition and seven sacraments. It teaches that it is the one church founded by Jesus Christ, that its bishops are the successors of Christs apostles. The Catholic Church maintains that the doctrine on faith and morals that it declares as definitive is infallible. The Latin Church, the Eastern Catholic Churches, as well as such as mendicant orders and enclosed monastic orders. Among the sacraments, the one is the Eucharist, celebrated liturgically in the Mass. The church teaches that through consecration by a priest the sacrificial bread and wine become the body, the Catholic Church practises closed communion, with only baptised members in a state of grace ordinarily permitted to receive the Eucharist. The Virgin Mary is venerated in the Catholic Church as Queen of Heaven and is honoured in numerous Marian devotions. The Catholic Church has influenced Western philosophy, science, art and culture, Catholic spiritual teaching includes spreading the Gospel while Catholic social teaching emphasises support for the sick, the poor and the afflicted through the corporal and spiritual works of mercy. The Catholic Church is the largest non-government provider of education and medical services in the world, from the late 20th century, the Catholic Church has been criticised for its doctrines on sexuality, its refusal to ordain women and its handling of sexual abuse cases. Catholic was first used to describe the church in the early 2nd century, the first known use of the phrase the catholic church occurred in the letter from Saint Ignatius of Antioch to the Smyrnaeans, written about 110 AD. In the Catechetical Discourses of Saint Cyril of Jerusalem, the name Catholic Church was used to distinguish it from other groups that call themselves the church. The use of the adjective Roman to describe the Church as governed especially by the Bishop of Rome became more widespread after the Fall of the Western Roman Empire and into the Early Middle Ages. Catholic Church is the name used in the Catechism of the Catholic Church. The Catholic Church follows an episcopal polity, led by bishops who have received the sacrament of Holy Orders who are given formal jurisdictions of governance within the church. Ultimately leading the entire Catholic Church is the Bishop of Rome, commonly called the pope, in parallel to the diocesan structure are a variety of religious institutes that function autonomously, often subject only to the authority of the pope, though sometimes subject to the local bishop. Most religious institutes only have male or female members but some have both, additionally, lay members aid many liturgical functions during worship services
Roman Catholic
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Saint Peter's Basilica,
Vatican City
Roman Catholic
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St. Peter's Basilica,
Vatican City
Roman Catholic
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Pope Francis, elected in the
papal conclave, 2013
Roman Catholic
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Traditional graphic representation of the Trinity: The earliest attested version of the diagram, from a manuscript of
Peter of Poitiers ' writings, c. 1210
