1.
Irondequoit, New York
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Irondequoit /ᵻˈrɒndəkɔɪt/ is a town in Monroe County, New York, United States. As of the 2010 census, the coterminous town-CDP had a population of 51,692. Irondequoit is a suburb of the city of Rochester, lying just north. The name is of Native American origin, after the American Revolution, this area was part of the Phelps and Gorham Purchase. The Town of Irondequoit was founded in 1839 when it separated from the Town of Brighton. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has an area of 16.8 sq mi. The town lies between the Genesee River on the west and Irondequoit Bay on the east, the north border of the town is defined by the shoreline of Lake Ontario. Because it is bounded by water on three sides, it is considered a geographical headland, Irondequoit is bordered by the city of Rochester to the west and south, the town of Brighton southeast, and the towns of Webster and Penfield to the east. An unusual boundary exists between the Town of Irondequoit and the adjacent City of Rochester, the result is that the City of Rochester claims the entire eastern shore of the Genesee, and the border of the Town of Irondequoit never reaches the river. Similarly, the half of Durand-Eastman Park, lies within the citys borders. This leads to confusion, even among long-term residents, about whether places such as Seneca Park or Durand Park lie within the Town of Irondequoit or the City of Rochester. In fact, Seneca Park was annexed by the City of Rochester in 1891, as of the census of 2000, there were 52,354 people,22,247 households, and 14,327 families residing in the coterminus town-CDP. The population density was 3,447.4 per square mile, there were 23,037 housing units at an average density of 1,516.9 per square mile. The racial makeup of the town was 93. 03% White,3. 55% Black or African American,0. 15% Native American,0. 98% Asian,0. 02% Pacific Islander,1. 02% from other races, and 1. 25% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3. 06% of the population,30. 8% of all households were made up of individuals and 16. 7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.32 and the family size was 2.91. In the town, the population was out with 21. 9% under the age of 18,5. 2% from 18 to 24,26. 6% from 25 to 44,23. 7% from 45 to 64. The median age was 43 years, for every 100 females there were 85.4 males
2.
Jazz
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Jazz is a music genre that originated amongst African Americans in New Orleans, United States, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and developed from roots in Blues and Ragtime. Since the 1920s jazz age, jazz has become recognized as a form of musical expression. Jazz is characterized by swing and blue notes, call and response vocals, polyrhythms, Jazz has roots in West African cultural and musical expression, and in African-American music traditions including blues and ragtime, as well as European military band music. Although the foundation of jazz is deeply rooted within the Black experience of the United States, different cultures have contributed their own experience, intellectuals around the world have hailed jazz as one of Americas original art forms. As jazz spread around the world, it drew on different national, regional, and local musical cultures, New Orleans jazz began in the early 1910s, combining earlier brass-band marches, French quadrilles, biguine, ragtime and blues with collective polyphonic improvisation. In the 1930s, heavily arranged dance-oriented swing big bands, Kansas City jazz, bebop emerged in the 1940s, shifting jazz from danceable popular music toward a more challenging musicians music which was played at faster tempos and used more chord-based improvisation. Cool jazz developed in the end of the 1940s, introducing calmer, smoother sounds and long, modal jazz developed in the late 1950s, using the mode, or musical scale, as the basis of musical structure and improvisation. Jazz-rock fusion appeared in the late 1960s and early 1970s, combining jazz improvisation with rock rhythms, electric instruments. In the early 1980s, a form of jazz fusion called smooth jazz became successful. Other styles and genres abound in the 2000s, such as Latin, the question of the origin of the word jazz has resulted in considerable research, and its history is well documented. It is believed to be related to jasm, a term dating back to 1860 meaning pep. The use of the word in a context was documented as early as 1915 in the Chicago Daily Tribune. Its first documented use in a context in New Orleans was in a November 14,1916 Times-Picayune article about jas bands. In an interview with NPR, musician Eubie Blake offered his recollections of the slang connotations of the term, saying, When Broadway picked it up. That was dirty, and if you knew what it was, the American Dialect Society named it the Word of the Twentieth Century. Jazz has proved to be difficult to define, since it encompasses such a wide range of music spanning a period of over 100 years. Attempts have been made to define jazz from the perspective of other musical traditions, in the opinion of Robert Christgau, most of us would say that inventing meaning while letting loose is the essence and promise of jazz. As Duke Ellington, one of jazzs most famous figures, said, although jazz is considered highly difficult to define, at least in part because it contains so many varied subgenres, improvisation is consistently regarded as being one of its key elements
3.
Jazz fusion
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Jazz fusion is a musical genre that developed in the late 1960s when musicians combined aspects of jazz harmony and improvisation with styles such as funk, rock, rhythm and blues, and Latin jazz. During this time many jazz musicians began experimenting with electric instruments and amplified sound for the first time, as well as electronic effects, many of the developments during the late 1960s and early 1970s have since become established elements of jazz fusion musical practice. Fusion arrangements vary in complexity—some employ groove-based vamps fixed to a key, or even a single chord. Others can feature odd or shifting time signatures with elaborate chord progressions, melodies, typically, these arrangements, whether simple or complex, will feature extended improvised sections that can vary in length. As with jazz, fusion often employs brass and woodwind instruments such as trumpet and saxophone as melody and soloing instruments, the rhythm section typically consists of electric bass, electric guitar, electric piano/synthesizer and drums. As with traditional jazz improvisation, fusion instrumentalists generally require a level of technical proficiency. The term jazz-rock is often used as a synonym for jazz fusion as well as for music performed by late 1960s, experimentation continued in the 1990s and 2000s. Fusion albums, even those that are made by the group or artist. Rather than being a musical style, fusion can be viewed as a musical tradition or approach. Afro-Cuban jazz, one the earliest form of Latin jazz, is a fusion of Afro-Cuban clave-based rhythms with jazz harmonies and techniques of improvisation. Afro-Cuban jazz first emerged in the early 1940s with the Cuban musicians Mario Bauza and Frank Grillo Machito in the band Machito and his Afro-Cubans, based in New York City. Early combinations of jazz with Cuban music, such as Dizzys and Pozos Manteca and Charlie Parkers and Machitos Mangó Mangüé, were referred to as Cubop. During its first decades, the Afro-Cuban jazz movement was stronger in the United States than in Cuba itself, allmusic Guide states that until around 1967, the worlds of jazz and rock were nearly completely separate. One of the earliest releases from Pink Floyd, London 66–67 incorporated jazz-influenced improvisation to their psychedelic compositions, nevertheless, these developments made little impact in the United States. Jazz vibraphonist Gary Burton was an innovator in the 1960s, in 1967, Burton worked with electric guitarist Larry Coryell and recorded Duster, which is considered one of the first fusion records. Texas-born guitarist Coryell was also a pioneer of jazz in the same era. Trumpeter and composer Miles Davis had a influence on the development of jazz fusion with his 1968 album Miles in the Sky. It is the first of Davis albums to incorporate electric instruments, with Herbie Hancock and Ron Carter playing electric piano and bass guitar, respectively
4.
Rock music
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It has its roots in 1940s and 1950s rock and roll, itself heavily influenced by blues, rhythm and blues and country music. Rock music also drew strongly on a number of genres such as electric blues and folk. Musically, rock has centered on the guitar, usually as part of a rock group with electric bass guitar. Typically, rock is song-based music usually with a 4/4 time signature using a verse-chorus form, like pop music, lyrics often stress romantic love but also address a wide variety of other themes that are frequently social or political in emphasis. Punk was an influence into the 1980s on the subsequent development of subgenres, including new wave, post-punk. From the 1990s alternative rock began to rock music and break through into the mainstream in the form of grunge, Britpop. Similarly, 1970s punk culture spawned the visually distinctive goth and emo subcultures and this trio of instruments has often been complemented by the inclusion of other instruments, particularly keyboards such as the piano, Hammond organ and synthesizers. The basic rock instrumentation was adapted from the blues band instrumentation. A group of musicians performing rock music is termed a rock band or rock group, Rock music is traditionally built on a foundation of simple unsyncopated rhythms in a 4/4 meter, with a repetitive snare drum back beat on beats two and four. Melodies are often derived from older musical modes, including the Dorian and Mixolydian, harmonies range from the common triad to parallel fourths and fifths and dissonant harmonic progressions. Critics have stressed the eclecticism and stylistic diversity of rock, because of its complex history and tendency to borrow from other musical and cultural forms, it has been argued that it is impossible to bind rock music to a rigidly delineated musical definition. These themes were inherited from a variety of sources, including the Tin Pan Alley pop tradition, folk music and rhythm, as a result, it has been seen as articulating the concerns of this group in both style and lyrics. Christgau, writing in 1972, said in spite of some exceptions, rock and roll usually implies an identification of male sexuality, according to Simon Frith rock was something more than pop, something more than rock and roll. Rock musicians combined an emphasis on skill and technique with the concept of art as artistic expression, original. The foundations of music are in rock and roll, which originated in the United States during the late 1940s and early 1950s. Its immediate origins lay in a melding of various musical genres of the time, including rhythm and blues and gospel music, with country. In 1951, Cleveland, Ohio disc jockey Alan Freed began playing rhythm and blues music for a multi-racial audience, debate surrounds which record should be considered the first rock and roll record. Other artists with rock and roll hits included Chuck Berry, Bo Diddley, Fats Domino, Little Richard, Jerry Lee Lewis
5.
Blues
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Blues is a genre and musical form originated by African Americans in the Deep South of the United States around the end of the 19th century. The genre developed from roots in African musical traditions, African-American work songs, spirituals, Blues incorporated spirituals, work songs, field hollers, shouts, chants, and rhymed simple narrative ballads. Blue notes, usually thirds or fifths flattened in pitch, are also a part of the sound. Blues shuffles or walking bass reinforce the trance-like rhythm and form a repetitive effect known as the groove, Blues as a genre is also characterized by its lyrics, bass lines, and instrumentation. Early traditional blues verses consisted of a single line repeated four times, Early blues frequently took the form of a loose narrative, often relating the troubles experienced in African-American society. Many elements, such as the format and the use of blue notes. The origins of the blues are closely related to the religious music of the Afro-American community. The first appearance of the blues is often dated to after the ending of slavery and, later and it is associated with the newly acquired freedom of the former slaves. Chroniclers began to report about blues music at the dawn of the 20th century, the first publication of blues sheet music was in 1908. Blues has since evolved from unaccompanied vocal music and oral traditions of slaves into a variety of styles and subgenres. Blues subgenres include country blues, such as Delta blues and Piedmont blues, as well as urban blues styles such as Chicago blues, World War II marked the transition from acoustic to electric blues and the progressive opening of blues music to a wider audience, especially white listeners. In the 1960s and 1970s, a form called blues rock evolved. The term blues may have come from blue devils, meaning melancholy and sadness, the phrase blue devils may also have been derived from Britain in the 1600s, when the term referred to the intense visual hallucinations that can accompany severe alcohol withdrawal. As time went on, the phrase lost the reference to devils, by the 1800s in the United States, the term blues was associated with drinking alcohol, a meaning which survives in the phrase blue law, which prohibits the sale of alcohol on Sunday. Though the use of the phrase in African-American music may be older, it has been attested to in print since 1912, in lyrics the phrase is often used to describe a depressed mood. The lyrics of traditional blues verses probably often consisted of a single line repeated four times. Two of the first published songs, Dallas Blues and Saint Louis Blues, were 12-bar blues with the AAB lyric structure. Handy wrote that he adopted this convention to avoid the monotony of lines repeated three times, the lines are often sung following a pattern closer to rhythmic talk than to a melody
6.
R&B
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Rhythm and blues, often abbreviated as R&B or RnB, is a genre of popular African-American music that originated in the 1940s. In the commercial rhythm and blues music typical of the 1950s through the 1970s, R&B lyrical themes often encapsulate the African-American experience of pain and the quest for freedom and joy. Lyrics focus heavily on the themes of triumphs and failures in terms of relationships, freedom, economics, aspirations, the term rhythm and blues has undergone a number of shifts in meaning. In the early 1950s it was applied to blues records. This tangent of RnB is now known as British rhythm and blues, by the 1970s, the term rhythm and blues changed again and was used as a blanket term for soul and funk. In the 1980s, a style of R&B developed, becoming known as Contemporary R&B. It combines elements of rhythm and blues, soul, funk, pop, hip hop, popular R&B vocalists at the end of the 20th century included Michael Jackson, R. Kelly, Stevie Wonder, Whitney Houston, and Mariah Carey. Although Jerry Wexler of Billboard magazine is credited with coining the term rhythm and blues as a term in the United States in 1948. It replaced the term race music, which came from within the black community. The term rhythm and blues was used by Billboard in its chart listings from June 1949 until August 1969, before the Rhythm and Blues name was instated, various record companies had already begun replacing the term race music with sepia series. In 2010 LaMont Robinson founded the Rhythm & Blues Hall of Fame Museum, writer and producer Robert Palmer defined rhythm & blues as a catchall term referring to any music that was made by and for black Americans. He has used the term R&B as a synonym for jump blues, however, AllMusic separates it from jump blues because of its stronger, gospel-esque backbeat. Lawrence Cohn, author of Nothing but the Blues, writes that rhythm, according to him, the term embraced all black music except classical music and religious music, unless a gospel song sold enough to break into the charts. Well into the 21st century, the term R&B continues in use to music made by black musicians. In the commercial rhythm and blues music typical of the 1950s through the 1970s, arrangements were rehearsed to the point of effortlessness and were sometimes accompanied by background vocalists. Simple repetitive parts mesh, creating momentum and rhythmic interplay producing mellow, lilting, while singers are emotionally engaged with the lyrics, often intensely so, they remain cool, relaxed, and in control. The bands dressed in suits, and even uniforms, an associated with the modern popular music that rhythm. Lyrics often seemed fatalistic, and the music typically followed predictable patterns of chords, there was also increasing emphasis on the electric guitar as a lead instrument, as well as the piano and saxophone
7.
Drum kit
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A drum kit consists of a mix of drums and idiophones most significantly cymbals but also including the woodblock and cowbell. In the 2000s, some also include electronic instruments and both hybrid and entirely electronic kits are used. If some or all of them are replaced by electronic drums, the drum kit is usually played while seated on a drum stool or throne. The drum kit differs from instruments that can be used to produce pitched melodies or chords, even though drums are often placed musically alongside others that do, such as the piano or guitar. The drum kit is part of the rhythm section used in many types of popular and traditional music styles ranging from rock and pop to blues. Other standard instruments used in the section include the electric bass, electric guitar. Many drummers extend their kits from this pattern, adding more drums, more cymbals. Some performers, such as some rockabilly drummers, use small kits that omit elements from the basic setup, some drum kit players may have other roles in the band, such as providing backup vocals, or less commonly, lead vocals. Thus, in an early 1800s orchestra piece, if the called for bass drum, triangle and cymbals. In the 1840s, percussionists began to experiment with foot pedals as a way to them to play more than one instrument. In the 1860s, percussionists started combining multiple drums into a set, the bass drum, snare drum, cymbals, and other percussion instruments were all played using hand-held drum sticks. Double-drumming was developed to one person to play the bass and snare with sticks. With this approach, the drum was usually played on beats one. This resulted in a swing and dance feel. The drum set was referred to as a trap set. By the 1870s, drummers were using an overhang pedal, most drummers in the 1870s preferred to do double drumming without any pedal to play multiple drums, rather than use an overhang pedal. Companies patented their pedal systems such as Dee Dee Chandler of New Orleans 1904–05, liberating the hands for the first time, this evolution saw the bass drum played with the foot of a standing percussionist. The bass drum became the central piece around which every other percussion instrument would later revolve and it was the golden age of drum building for many famous drum companies, with Ludwig introducing
8.
Percussion
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A percussion instrument is a musical instrument that is sounded by being struck or scraped by a beater, struck, scraped or rubbed by hand, or struck against another similar instrument. The percussion family is believed to include the oldest musical instruments, the percussion section of an orchestra most commonly contains instruments such as timpani, snare drum, bass drum, cymbals, triangle and tambourine. However, the section can also contain non-percussive instruments, such as whistles and sirens, percussive techniques can also be applied to the human body, as in body percussion. On the other hand, keyboard instruments, such as the celesta, are not normally part of the percussion section, Percussion instruments may play not only rhythm, but also melody and harmony. Percussion is commonly referred to as the backbone or the heartbeat of an ensemble, often working in close collaboration with bass instruments. In jazz and other popular ensembles, the pianist, bassist, drummer. Most classical pieces written for full orchestra since the time of Haydn and Mozart are orchestrated to place emphasis on the strings, woodwinds, however, often at least one pair of timpani is included, though they rarely play continuously. Rather, they serve to provide additional accents when needed, in the 18th and 19th centuries, other percussion instruments have been used, again generally sparingly. The use of percussion instruments became more frequent in the 20th century classical music, in almost every style of music, percussion plays a pivotal role. In classic jazz, one almost immediately thinks of the rhythm of the hi-hats or the ride cymbal when the word swing is spoken. Because of the diversity of instruments, it is not uncommon to find large musical ensembles composed entirely of percussion. Rhythm, melody, and harmony are all represented in these ensembles, music for pitched percussion instruments can be notated on a staff with the same treble and bass clefs used by many non-percussive instruments. Music for percussive instruments without a pitch can be notated with a specialist rhythm or percussion-clef. The word percussion has evolved from Latin terms, percussio, as a noun in contemporary English it is described in Wiktionary as the collision of two bodies to produce a sound. Hornbostel–Sachs has no high-level section for percussion, Most percussion instruments are classified as idiophones and membranophones.1 Concussion idiophones or clappers, played in pairs and beaten against each other, such as zills and clapsticks. 111.2 Percussion idiophones, includes many percussion instruments played with the hand or by a mallet, such as the hang, gongs and the xylophone. 21 Struck drums, includes most types of drum, such as the timpani, snare drum, (Included in most drum sets or 412. Stringed instruments played with such as the hammered dulcimer
9.
Paul Simon
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Paul Frederic Simon is an American musician, singer-songwriter and actor. Simons fame, influence, and commercial success began as part of the duo Simon & Garfunkel, formed in 1964 with musical partner Art Garfunkel. Simon wrote nearly all of the songs, including three that reached No.1 on the U. S. singles charts, The Sound of Silence, Mrs. Robinson. In 1986, he released Graceland, an inspired by South African township music. Simon also wrote and starred in the film One-Trick Pony and co-wrote the Broadway musical The Capeman with the poet Derek Walcott. On June 3,2016, Simon released his 13th solo album, titled Stranger to Stranger, which debuted at #1 on the Billboard Album Chart and the UK charts. Simon has earned sixteen Grammys for his solo and collaborative work, in 2001, he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and in 2006 was selected as one of the 100 People Who Shaped the World by Time magazine. In 2011, Rolling Stone magazine named Simon as one of the 100 Greatest Guitarists, in 2015, he was named as one of the 100 Greatest Songwriters by Rolling Stone. Among many other honors, Simon was the first recipient of the Library of Congresss Gershwin Prize for Popular Song in 2007, in 1986, Simon was awarded an Honorary Doctor of Music degree from Berklee College of Music, where he currently serves on the Board of Trustees. Simon was born on October 13,1941, in Newark, New Jersey and his father, Louis, was a college professor, double bass player, and dance bandleader who performed under the name Lee Sims. His mother, Belle, was a school teacher. In 1945, his family moved to the Kew Gardens Hills section of Flushing, Queens, the musician Donald Fagen has described Simons childhood as that of a certain kind of New York Jew, almost a stereotype, really, to whom music and baseball are very important. I think it has to do with the parents, Simon, upon hearing Fagens description, said it isnt far from the truth. Simon says about his childhood, I was a ballplayer, Id go on my bike, and Id hustle kids in stickball. He adds that his father was a New York Yankees fan and he didnt play with me as much as I played with my kids. He was at work until late at night, Simons musical career began after meeting Art Garfunkel when they were both 11. They performed in a production of Alice in Wonderland for their sixth-grade graduation and their idols were the Everly Brothers, whom they imitated in their use of close two-part harmony. Simon also developed an interest in jazz, folk, and blues, especially in the music of Woody Guthrie and Lead Belly
10.
Steely Dan
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Steely Dan is an American jazz rock band whose music also blends elements of crossover jazz, latin music, blue-eyed soul, R&B, boogie, and pop. Founded by core members Walter Becker and Donald Fagen in 1972, Rolling Stone has called them the perfect musical antiheroes for the Seventies. Steely Dan reunited in 1993 and has toured ever since. Recorded with a revolving cast of musicians, Steely Dans music is characterized by complex jazz-influenced structures and harmonies. Becker and Fagen are whimsical, often sarcastic lyricists, having written cerebral, wry and eccentric songs about drugs, love affairs, gambling. Steely Dan toured from 1972 to 1974 before retiring from live performances, after the group disbanded in 1981, Becker and Fagen were less active throughout most of the next decade, though a cult following remained devoted to the group. Since reuniting in 1993 Steely Dan has released two albums of new material, the first of which, Two Against Nature, earned a Grammy Award for Album of the Year. They have sold more than 40 million albums worldwide and were inducted into the Rock, Steely Dan was listed as one of the 100 greatest musical artists of all time according to VH1. Becker and Fagen met in 1968 at Bard College, in Annandale-on-Hudson, as Fagen passed by a café, The Red Balloon, he heard Becker practicing the electric guitar. In an interview, Fagen recounted the experience, I hear this guy practicing and it sounded like, you know, like a black person, really. He introduced himself to Becker and asked, Do you want to be in a band, discovering that they enjoyed similar music, the two began writing songs together. Becker and Fagen began playing in local groups, one such group, known as the Don Fagen Jazz Trio, the Bad Rock Group and later the Leather Canary, included future comedy star Chevy Chase on drums. They played covers of songs by the Rolling Stones, Moby Grape, terence Boylan, another Bard musician, remembered that Fagen took readily to the beatnik life while attending college, They never came out of their room, they stayed up all night. They looked like ghosts — black turtlenecks and skin so white that it looked like yogurt, absolutely no activity, chain-smoking Lucky Strikes and dope. Fagen himself would later remember it as probably the time in my life that I actually had friends. After Fagen graduated in 1969, the two moved to Brooklyn and tried to peddle their tunes in the Brill Building in midtown Manhattan, Becker later said bluntly, We did it for the money. A series of demos from 1968 to 1971 are available in bootleg form and this collection features approximately 25 tracks and is notable for its sparse arrangements and lo-fi production, a contrast with Steely Dans later work. Although some of songs were re-recorded for Steely Dan albums
11.
Simon & Garfunkel
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Simon & Garfunkel were an American folk rock duo consisting of singer-songwriter Paul Simon and singer Art Garfunkel. They were one of the music groups of the 1960s and became counterculture icons of the decades social revolution, alongside artists such as the Beatles, the Beach Boys. Their biggest hits—including The Sound of Silence, Mrs. Robinson, Bridge over Troubled Water and their often rocky relationship led to artistic disagreements, which resulted in their breakup in 1970. Their final studio record, Bridge over Troubled Water, was their most successful, the duo met as children in Queens, New York, in 1953, where they learned to harmonize together and began writing original material. By 1957, under the name Tom & Jerry, the teenagers had their first minor success with Hey Schoolgirl, afterwards, the duo went their separate ways, with Simon making unsuccessful solo records. In 1963, aware of a public interest in folk music. Their début, Wednesday Morning,3 A. M. sold poorly, and they again disbanded, Simon returned to a solo career. In June 1965, their song The Sound of Silence was overdubbed, adding electric guitar and this later version became a major U. S. AM radio hit in 1965, reaching number one on the Billboard Hot 100, Simon & Garfunkel reunited, releasing their second studio album Sounds of Silence and touring colleges nationwide. On their third release, Parsley, Sage, Rosemary and Thyme and their music was featured in the 1967 film The Graduate, giving them further exposure. Bookends, their album, topped the Billboard 200 chart. After their 1970 breakup following the release of Bridge over Troubled Water, Simon & Garfunkel were described by critic Richie Unterberger as the most successful folk-rock duo of the 1960s and one of the most popular artists from the decade in general. They won 10 Grammy Awards and were inducted into the Rock and their Bridge over Troubled Water album was nominated at the 1977 Brit Awards for Best International Album and is ranked at number 51 on Rolling Stones 500 Greatest Albums of All Time. Individually, when young, they developed a fascination with music. That first stage appearance was followed by the duo forming a street-corner doo-wop group and they began performing for the first time as a duo at school dances. They moved to Forest Hills High School in 1955, where, in 1956, they wrote their first song, The Girl for Me, Simons father sent a handwritten copy to the Library of Congress to register a copyright. While trying to remember the lyrics to the Everlys song Hey Doll Baby, they created their own song, Hey Schoolgirl, while recording they were overheard by a promoter, Sid Prosen, who – after speaking to their parents – signed them to his independent label Big Records. While still aged 15, Simon & Garfunkel now had a contract with Sid Prosens independent label Big Records
12.
James Taylor
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James Vernon Taylor is an American singer-songwriter and guitarist. A five-time Grammy Award winner, he was inducted into the Rock and he is one of the best-selling music artists of all time, having sold more than 100 million records worldwide. Taylor achieved his breakthrough in 1970 with the No.3 single Fire and Rain and had his first No.1 hit the year with Youve Got a Friend. His 1976 Greatest Hits album was certified Diamond and has sold 12 million US copies, following his 1977 album, JT, he has retained a large audience over the decades. Every album that he released from 1977 to 2007 sold over a million copies and his chart performance had a resurgence during the late 1990s and 2000s, when he recorded some of his most-awarded work. He achieved his first number one album in the US in 2015 with his recording Before This World. He is notable for his covers of other peoples songs, such as How Sweet It Is. James Vernon Taylor was born at Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston on March 12,1948 and his father was from a well-off family of Southerners of Scottish ancestry. His mother, the former Gertrude Woodard, studied singing with Marie Sundelius at the New England Conservatory of Music and was an opera singer before the couples marriage in 1946. James was the second of five children, the others being Alex, Kate, Livingston and they built a house in the Morgan Creek area off the present Morgan Creek Road, which was sparsely populated. James would later say, Chapel Hill, the Piedmont, the hills, were tranquil, rural, beautiful. Thinking of the red soil, the seasons, the way things smelled down there, I feel as though my experience of coming of age there was more a matter of landscape, James attended public primary school in Chapel Hill. Isaacs career prospered, but he was away from home, on military service at Bethesda Naval Hospital in Maryland. Isaac Taylor later rose to dean of the UNC School of Medicine from 1964 to 1971. The Taylors spent summers on Marthas Vineyard beginning in 1953, Taylor first learned to play the cello as a child in North Carolina and switched to the guitar in 1960. He began attending Milton Academy, a boarding school in Massachusetts in fall 1961. Summering before then with his family on Marthas Vineyard, he met Danny Kortchmar, the two began listening to and playing blues and folk music together, and Kortchmar quickly realized that Taylors singing had a natural sense of phrasing, every syllable beautifully in time. I knew James had that thing, Taylor wrote his first song on guitar at 14, and he continued to learn the instrument effortlessly
13.
Eric Clapton
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Eric Patrick Clapton, CBE, is an English rock and blues guitarist, singer, and songwriter. He is the only inductee to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, once as a solo artist and separately as a member of the Yardbirds. Clapton has been referred to as one of the most important, Clapton ranked second in Rolling Stone magazines list of the 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time and fourth in Gibsons Top 50 Guitarists of All Time. He was also named number five in Time magazines list of The 10 Best Electric Guitar Players in 2009, in the mid-1960s Clapton left the Yardbirds to play with John Mayall & the Bluesbreakers. Furthermore, he formed rock band Blind Faith with Baker, Steve Winwood. For most of the 1970s Claptons output bore the influence of the style of J. J. Cale. His version of Marleys I Shot the Sheriff helped reggae reach a mass market, two of his most popular recordings were Layla, recorded with Derek and the Dominos, and Robert Johnsons Crossroads, recorded with Cream. Following the death of his son Conor in 1991, Claptons grief was expressed in the song Tears in Heaven, Clapton has been the recipient of 18 Grammy Awards, and the Brit Award for Outstanding Contribution to Music. In 2004 he was awarded a CBE at Buckingham Palace for services to music, in 1998, Clapton, a recovering alcoholic and drug addict, founded the Crossroads Centre on Antigua, a medical facility for recovering substance abusers. Clapton was born on 30 March 1945 in Ripley, Surrey, England, to 16-year-old Patricia Molly Clapton and Edward Walter Fryer, Fryer shipped off to war prior to Claptons birth and then returned to Canada. The similarity in surnames gave rise to the belief that Claptons real surname is Clapp. Years later, his mother married another Canadian soldier and moved to Germany, Clapton received an acoustic Hoyer guitar, made in Germany, for his thirteenth birthday, but the inexpensive steel-stringed instrument was difficult to play and he briefly lost interest. Two years later Clapton picked it up again and started playing consistently, Clapton was influenced by the blues from an early age, and practised long hours to learn the chords of blues music by playing along to the records. He preserved his practice sessions using his portable Grundig reel-to-reel tape recorder and his guitar playing was so advanced that, by the age of 16, he was getting noticed. Around this time, Clapton began busking around Kingston, Richmond, in 1962, Clapton started performing as a duo with fellow blues enthusiast David Brock in pubs around Surrey. When he was seventeen years old, Clapton joined his first band, an early British R&B group and he stayed with this band from January until August 1963. In October of that year, Clapton did a stint with Casey Jones & the Engineers. In October 1963, Clapton joined the Yardbirds, a rock and roll band
14.
Kate Bush
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Catherine Kate Bush, CBE is an English singer-songwriter, musician and record producer. She has since released twenty-five UK Top 40 singles, including the top ten hits The Man with the Child in His Eyes, Babooshka, Running Up That Hill, Dont Give Up and King of the Mountain. She has released ten albums, all of which reached the UK Top 10, including the UK number-one albums Never for Ever. She is the first British solo female artist to top the UK album charts, Bush has received widespread critical acclaim for her eclectic and idiosyncratic music as well as her theatrical performances. She has been nominated 13 times for British Phonographic Industry accolades, during the course of her career, she has also been nominated for three Grammy Awards. In 2002, she was recognised with an Ivor Novello Award for Outstanding Contribution to British Music, Bush was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire in the 2013 New Year Honours for services to music. A diverse range of artists have claimed Bush as an influence on their work, Bush was born in Bexleyheath, Kent, to English medical doctor Robert Bush and Hannah Daly. She was raised as a Roman Catholic in their farmhouse in East Wickham, both brothers were involved in the local folk music scene. One of the instructors, Dave Hazard, later noted in his autobiography that her dance moves seemed to owe something to karate and her familys musical influence inspired Bush to teach herself the piano at the age of 11. She also played the organ in a barn behind her parents house and she soon began writing her own tunes and eventually added lyrics to them. Bush attended St Josephs Convent Grammar School, a Catholic girls school, in Woolwich Road, Abbey Wood, south east London, during this time her family produced a demo tape with over 50 of her compositions, which was turned down by record labels. David Gilmour of Pink Floyd received the demo from Ricky Hopper, a friend of Gilmour. Impressed with what he heard, Gilmour helped the sixteen-year-old Bush get a more professional-sounding demo tape recorded that would be more saleable to the record companies, three tracks in total were recorded and paid for by Gilmour. The tape was produced by Gilmours friend Andrew Powell, who would go on to produce Bushs first two albums, and sound engineer Geoff Emerick, the tape was sent to EMI executive Terry Slater. Slater was impressed by the tape and signed her, the British record industry was reaching a point of stagnation. Progressive rock was popular and visually oriented rock performers were growing in popularity. Bush was put on retainer for two years by Bob Mercer, managing director of EMI group-repertoire division. According to Mercer he felt Bushs material was good enough to be released but felt if the album failed it would be demoralising
15.
Joe Cocker
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John Robert Joseph Joe Cocker, OBE was an English singer and musician. He was known for his gritty voice, spasmodic body movement in performance, Cockers cover of the Beatles With a Little Help from My Friends reached number one in the UK in 1968. He performed the live at Woodstock in 1969 and at the Party at the Palace concert for the Golden Jubilee of Elizabeth II in 2002. His version also became the song for the TV series The Wonder Years. His 1974 cover of You Are So Beautiful reached number five in the US, Cocker was the recipient of several awards, including a 1983 Grammy Award for his US number one Up Where We Belong, a duet with Jennifer Warnes. Cocker was ranked number 97 on Rolling Stones 100 greatest singers list, Cocker was born on 20 May 1944 at 38 Tasker Road, Crookes, Sheffield. He was the youngest son of a servant, Harold Cocker. According to differing family stories, Cocker received his nickname of Joe either from playing a game called Cowboy Joe. Cockers main musical influences growing up were Ray Charles and Lonnie Donegan, Cockers first experience singing in public was at age 12 when his elder brother Victor invited him on stage to sing during a gig of his skiffle group. In 1960, along with three friends, Cocker formed his first group, the Cavaliers, for the groups first performance at a youth club, they were required to pay the price of admission before entering. Cocker was not related to fellow Sheffield-born musician Jarvis Cocker, despite a rumour to this effect, in 1961, under the stage name Vance Arnold, Cocker continued his career with a new group, Vance Arnold and the Avengers. The name was a combination of Vince Everett, Elvis Presleys character in Jailhouse Rock, the group mostly played in the pubs of Sheffield, performing covers of Chuck Berry and Ray Charles songs. Cocker developed an interest in music and sought out recordings by John Lee Hooker, Muddy Waters, Lightnin Hopkins. In 1963, they booked their first significant gig when they supported the Rolling Stones at Sheffield City Hall, in 1964, Cocker signed a recording contract as a solo act with Decca and released his first single, a cover of the Beatles Ill Cry Instead. Despite extensive promotion from Decca lauding his youth and working-class roots, after Cocker recorded the single, he dropped his stage name and formed a new group, Joe Cockers Blues Band. There is only one recording of Joe Cockers Blues Band on an EP given out by The Sheffield College during Rag Week. In 1966, after a hiatus from music, Cocker teamed up with Chris Stainton. The Grease Band was named after Cocker read an interview with jazz keyboardist Jimmy Smith, like the Avengers, Cockers group mostly played in pubs in and around Sheffield
16.
Chick Corea
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Armando Anthony Chick Corea is an American jazz and fusion pianist, keyboardist, and composer. Many of his compositions are considered jazz standards, as a member of Miles Daviss band in the late 1960s, he participated in the birth of the electric jazz fusion movement. In the 1970s he formed Return to Forever, along with Herbie Hancock, McCoy Tyner, and Keith Jarrett, he has been described as one of the major jazz piano voices to emerge in the post-John Coltrane era. Corea continued to other collaborations and to explore various musical styles throughout the 1980s and 1990s. He is also known for promoting and fundraising for a number of social issues, armando Corea was born in Chesterfield, Massachusetts. He is of southern Italian and Spanish descent and his father, a jazz trumpet player who had led a Dixieland band in Boston in the 1930s and 1940s, introduced him to the piano at the age of four. Growing up surrounded by music, he was influenced at an early age by bebop and stars such as Dizzy Gillespie, Charlie Parker, Bud Powell, Horace Silver. At eight Corea also took up drums, which would influence his use of the piano as a percussion instrument. Corea developed his skills by exploring music on his own. He also spent several years as a performer and soloist for the St. Rose Scarlet Lancers, given a black tuxedo by his father, he started playing gigs when in high school. He enjoyed listening to Herb Pomeroys band at the time, and had a trio that played Horace Silvers music at a jazz club. He eventually decided to move to New York City, where he studied education for one month at Columbia University. He quit after finding both disappointing, but liked the atmosphere of New York, and the scene became the starting point for his professional career. Coreas first major gig was with Cab Calloway. Corea started his career in the 1960s playing with trumpeter Blue Mitchell and Latin musicians such as Herbie Mann, Willie Bobo. One of the earliest recordings of his playing is with Mitchells quintet on The Thing To Do. His first album as a leader was Tones for Joans Bones in 1966, two years before the release of his album Now He Sings, Now He Sobs, with Roy Haynes on drums and he made another sideman appearance with Stan Getz on 1967s Sweet Rain. From 1968 to 1971 Corea had associations with avant garde players, in September 1968 Corea replaced Herbie Hancock in the piano chair in Daviss band and appeared on landmark albums such as Filles de Kilimanjaro, In a Silent Way, and Bitches Brew
17.
Lee Ritenour
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Lee Mack Ritenour is an American jazz guitarist who has contributed to over 3000 sessions and has charted over 30 contemporary jazz hits since 1976. Ritenour was born January 11,1952 in Los Angeles, at 16, he played on his first recording session, with the Mamas & the Papas, and was given the nickname Captain Fingers for his dexterity. He was a musician in the 1970s, winning Guitar Player magazines Best Studio Guitarist award twice. Throughout his career, Ritenour has experimented with different styles of music, incoprorating funk, pop, rock, blues, Brazilian, Ritenours solo career began with the album First Course, which was a good example of the jazz-funk sound of the 1970s. That was followed by Captain Fingers, The Captains Journey, and Feel the Night In 1979, Ritenour was brought in to beef up one of Pink Floyds The Wall heaviest rock numbers and he also played uncredited rhythm guitar on One of My Turns. As the 1980s began, Ritenour began to add elements of pop to his music. For this, he kept with his sound, now using his Ibanez LR-10 signature model guitar. The song Is It You, with vocals by Eric Tagg reached No.15 on the Billboard pop chart, the track also peaked at number fifteen on Hot Adult Contemporary chart. He continued with the music for Rit/2 and Banded Together, while releasing a slick, yet more crossover-styled. He also provided guitar on Tom Brownes hit, Funkin for Jamaica. In 1985, he recorded his first album for GRP Records with Dave Grusin, entitled Harlequin, featuring Ritenour primarily on classical guitar, with Brazilian singer Ivan Lins. On Earth Run he used nine different guitars, most notably the SynthAxe, whose power is Awesome, his Valley Arts guitar, Ritenour continued in a direction strongly featuring other artists in 1987, with Portrait. The album itself has something of a strong sound, and Ritenour can be heard here playing with The Yellowjackets, Djavan. In 1988, his smooth jazz-influenced Brazilian music came to the forefront with Festival – another album featuring his work on nylon-string acoustic guitars. The following album, Color Rit, continued with a similar mood and he did however, change direction completely again with his straight-ahead jazz album Stolen Moments. Sounding similar to Wes Montgomery, Ritenour played alongside long-time collaborator, saxophonist Ernie Watts, pianist Alan Broadbent, bassist John Patitucci, in 1991 Ritenour, together with keyboard player Bob James, formed the Grammy-nominated contemporary jazz group Fourplay. He left the successful group in 1998 to continue with his own solo works. He was replaced by Larry Carlton and he paid tribute to the Wes Montgomery with the album Wes Bound, featuring covers of songs written by Montgomery
18.
Al Di Meola
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Al Di Meola is an American jazz fusion and Latin jazz guitarist, composer, and record producer of Italian origin. Albums such as Friday Night in San Francisco have earned him both artistic and commercial success with a fan base throughout the world. Di Meola grew up in Bergenfield, New Jersey, and attended Bergenfield High School and he has been a resident of Old Tappan, New Jersey. Having grown up with the music of Elvis Presley, The Ventures and The Beatles. By his early teens, he was already an accomplished player. He was soon taken with Larry Coryell’s blending of jazz, blues and rock in the late 1960s, which would become known as fusion, in 1972, Di Meola enrolled in Berklee College of Music in Boston, Massachusetts. By his second semester at Berklee, Al had joined a fusion quartet headed by keyboardist Barry Miles, in 1974, Di Meola made his Return to Forever debut on the album Where Have I Known You Before. Two more albums, No Mystery and Romantic Warrior were released during Di Meolas stay in the band and this lineup featured him playing with Corea, Stanley Clarke, and Lenny White until it was disbanded in 1976. Di Meola went on to explore a variety of styles, but is most noted for his Latin-influenced jazz fusion works and he also guested on Allergies from Paul Simons Hearts and Bones album. He also appeared with Frank Zappa, live at the Ritz, NYNY in 1981. In the beginning of his career, as evidenced on his first solo album Land of the Midnight Sun, Di Meola was noted for his mastery and extremely fast, complex guitar solos. But even on his albums, he had begun to explore Mediterranean cultures. Good examples are Mediterranean Sundance and Lady of Rome, Sister of Brazil from the Elegant Gypsy album and his early albums were very influential among rock and jazz guitarists alike. Di Meola continued to explore Latin music within the jazz fusion genre on albums like Casino, the latter album became one of the most popular live albums for acoustic guitar ever recorded, and sold more than two million copies worldwide. In 1980, he toured with fellow Latin rocker Carlos Santana. After being named Best Jazz Guitarist in Guitar Player Magazines Readers Poll for a consecutive year in 1981. With Scenario, he explored the electronic side of jazz in a collaboration with Jan Hammer, beginning with this change, he further expanded his horizons with the acoustic album Cielo e Terra. He began to incorporate the Synclavier guitar synthesizer on mid-1980s albums such as Soaring Through a Dream, by the 1990s, Di Meola recorded albums closer to World music and modern Latin styles than jazz
19.
Rochester, New York
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Rochester is a city on the southern shore of Lake Ontario in the western portion of the U. S. state of New York, and the seat of Monroe County. The citys population was the third largest — after New York City. This area, which is part of the Western New York region, had a population of 1,079,671 at the time of the 2010 Census, a Census estimate of July 1,2012, raised that number to 1,082,284. Rochester was one of Americas first boomtowns, and rose to prominence as the site of many mills along the Genesee River. Several of the universities have renowned research programs. In addition, Rochester is the site of important inventions and innovations in consumer products. Until 2010, the Rochester metropolitan area was the second-largest regional economy in New York State, internal Revenue Service, after the New York City metropolitan area. Rochesters GMP has since ranked just below that of Buffalo, New York, the 25th edition of the Places Rated Almanac rated Rochester as the most livable city in 2007, among 379 U. S. metropolitan areas. In 2010 Forbes rated Rochester as the third-best place to raise a family, in 2012 Kiplinger rated Rochester as the fifth-best city for families, citing low cost of living, top public schools, and a low jobless rate. Of the 19 places in the United States named Rochester at least eight were named directly after Rochester, New York, having been founded or settled by former residents. These include Rochester, Indiana, Rochester, Texas, Rochester, Iowa, Rochester, Kentucky, Rochester, Michigan, Rochester, Minnesota, Rochester, Nevada, and Rochester, Ohio. The Seneca tribe of Native Americans lived in and around Rochester until they lost their claim to most of land in the Treaty of Big Tree in 1797. Settlement before the Seneca tribe is unknown, development of modern Rochester followed the American Revolution, and forced cession of their territory by the Iroquois after the defeat of Great Britain. Allied with the British, four major Iroquois tribes were forced from New York. As a reward for their loyalty to the British Crown, they were given a land grant on the Grand River in Canada. Rochester was founded shortly after the American Revolution by a wave of English-Puritan descended immigrants from New England who were looking for new agricultural land and they would be the dominant cultural group in Rochester for over a century. They chose the site because its three cataracts on the Genesee offered great potential for water power, beginning in 1811, and with a population of 15, the three founders surveyed the land and laid out streets and tracts. In 1817, the Brown brothers and other landowners joined their lands with the Hundred Acre Tract to form the village of Rochesterville, by 1821, Rochesterville was the seat of Monroe County
20.
United States Army
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The United States Armed Forces are the federal armed forces of the United States. They consist of the Army, Marine Corps, Navy, Air Force, from the time of its inception, the military played a decisive role in the history of the United States. A sense of unity and identity was forged as a result of victory in the First Barbary War. Even so, the Founders were suspicious of a permanent military force and it played an important role in the American Civil War, where leading generals on both sides were picked from members of the United States military. Not until the outbreak of World War II did a standing army become officially established. The National Security Act of 1947, adopted following World War II and during the Cold Wars onset, the U. S. military is one of the largest militaries in terms of number of personnel. It draws its personnel from a pool of paid volunteers. As of 2016, the United States spends about $580.3 billion annually to fund its military forces, put together, the United States constitutes roughly 40 percent of the worlds military expenditures. For the period 2010–14, the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute found that the United States was the worlds largest exporter of major arms, the United States was also the worlds eighth largest importer of major weapons for the same period. The history of the U. S. military dates to 1775 and these forces demobilized in 1784 after the Treaty of Paris ended the War for Independence. All three services trace their origins to the founding of the Continental Army, the Continental Navy, the United States President is the U. S. militarys commander-in-chief. Rising tensions at various times with Britain and France and the ensuing Quasi-War and War of 1812 quickened the development of the U. S. Navy, the reserve branches formed a military strategic reserve during the Cold War, to be called into service in case of war. Time magazines Mark Thompson has suggested that with the War on Terror, Command over the armed forces is established in the United States Constitution. The sole power of command is vested in the President by Article II as Commander-in-Chief, the Constitution also allows for the creation of executive Departments headed principal officers whose opinion the President can require. This allowance in the Constitution formed the basis for creation of the Department of Defense in 1947 by the National Security Act, the Defense Department is headed by the Secretary of Defense, who is a civilian and member of the Cabinet. The Defense Secretary is second in the chain of command, just below the President. Together, the President and the Secretary of Defense comprise the National Command Authority, to coordinate military strategy with political affairs, the President has a National Security Council headed by the National Security Advisor. The collective body has only power to the President
21.
Dizzy Gillespie
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John Birks Dizzy Gillespie was an American jazz trumpeter, bandleader, composer, and singer. AllMusics Scott Yanow wrote, Dizzy Gillespies contributions to jazz were huge, Gillespie was a trumpet virtuoso and improviser, building on the virtuoso style of Roy Eldridge but adding layers of harmonic complexity previously unheard in jazz. His beret and horn-rimmed spectacles, his singing, his bent horn, pouched cheeks. In the 1940s Gillespie, with Charlie Parker, became a figure in the development of bebop. He taught and influenced other musicians, including trumpeters Miles Davis, Jon Faddis, Fats Navarro, Clifford Brown, Arturo Sandoval, Lee Morgan, Chuck Mangione. Gillespie was born in Cheraw, South Carolina, the youngest of nine children of James, James was a local bandleader, so instruments were made available to the children. Gillespie started to play the piano at the age of four, Gillespies father died when he was only ten years old. Gillespie taught himself how to play the trombone as well as the trumpet by the age of twelve, from the night he heard his idol, Roy Eldridge, play on the radio, he dreamed of becoming a jazz musician. He received a scholarship to the Laurinburg Institute in North Carolina which he attended for two years before accompanying his family when they moved to Philadelphia. Teddy Hills band was where Gillespie made his first recording, King Porter Stomp, Willis was not immediately friendly but Gillespie was attracted anyway. The two finally married on May 9,1940 and they remained married until his death in 1993. Gillespie stayed with Teddy Hills band for a year, then left, in 1939, Gillespie joined Cab Calloways orchestra, with which he recorded one of his earliest compositions, the instrumental Pickin the Cabbage, in 1940. After a notorious altercation between the two men, Calloway fired Gillespie in late 1941, the incident is recounted by Gillespie, along with fellow Calloway band members Milt Hinton and Jonah Jones, in Jean Bachs 1997 film, The Spitball Story. Calloway did not approve of Gillespies mischievous humor, nor of his approach to soloing, according to Jones. Finally, their grudge for each other erupted over a thrown spitball, Calloway never thought highly of Gillespie, because he didnt view Gillespie as a good musician. Once during a rehearsal, a member of the band threw a spitball, already in a foul mood, Calloway decided to blame this on Gillespie. In order to clear his name, Gillespie didn’t take the blame, Calloway had minor cuts on the thigh and wrist. After the two men were separated, Calloway fired Gillespie, a few days later, Gillespie tried to apologize to Calloway, but he was dismissed
22.
Buddy Rich
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Bernard Buddy Rich was an American jazz drummer and bandleader. Widely considered one of the most influential drummers of all time and known for his technique, power. He performed with many bandleaders, most notably Tommy Dorsey, Harry James, Count Basie, Rich was born in Brooklyn to Jewish-American parents Bess and Robert Rich, both vaudevillians. His talent for rhythm was first noted by his father, who saw that Buddy could keep a beat with spoons at the age of one. He began playing drums in vaudeville when he was 18 months old, at the peak of Richs childhood career, he was reportedly the second-highest paid child entertainer in the world. At age 11, he was performing as a bandleader and he received no formal drum instruction and went so far as to claim that instruction would only degrade his musical talent. He also never admitted to practicing, claiming to play the only during performances and was not known to read music. Rich first played jazz with a group in 1937 with Joe Marsala. He then played with Bunny Berigan and Artie Shaw, and even instructed a 14-year-old Mel Brooks in drumming for a period when playing for Shaw. At 21, Rich participated in his first major recording with the Vic Schoen Orchestra, in 1938, he was hired to play in Tommy Dorseys orchestra, where he met and performed with Frank Sinatra. In 1942, Rich left the Dorsey band to join the United States Marine Corps, in which he served as an instructor, never saw combat. He rejoined the Dorsey group after leaving the Marines two years later, in 1946, Rich formed his own band with financial support from Sinatra, and continued to lead different groups on and off until the early 1950s. In the early 50s, Rich played with Dorsey and began to perform with trumpeter Harry James, in 1966, Rich left James to develop a new big band. For most of the period from 1966 until his death, he led successful big bands in an era when the popularity of big bands had waned from their 1930s and 1940s peak. Rich also served as the drummer for many recordings, where his playing was often much more understated than in his own big-band performances. In 1968 Rich collaborated with the Indian tabla player Ustad Alla Rakha in the studio album Rich à la Rakha by Buddy Rich and Alla Rakha. Perhaps his most popular later performance was an arrangement of a medley derived from Leonard Bernsteins West Side Story. The West Side Story Suite is a complex arrangement which highlights Richs ability to blend the rhythm of his drumming into his bands playing of the musical chart
23.
Elvin Jones
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Elvin Ray Jones was an American jazz drummer of the post-bop era. He showed an interest in drums at an age, watching the circus bands march by his familys home in Pontiac. He served in the United States Army from 1946 to 1949 and he moved to New York City in 1955 and worked as a sideman for Charles Mingus, Teddy Charles, Bud Powell and Miles Davis. From 1960 to 1966 he was a member of the John Coltrane quartet, following his work with Coltrane, Jones led several small groups, some under the name The Elvin Jones Jazz Machine. His brothers Hank Jones and Thad Jones were also jazz musicians with whom he recorded and he was inducted into the Modern Drummer Hall of Fame in 1995. Elvin Jones was born in Pontiac, Michigan to parents Henry and Olivia Jones and his brothers, Hank Jones and Thad Jones, both became important jazz musicians. By age two, he said he knew he held a fascination for drums and he would watch the circus marching band parades go by his home as a boy, particularly fascinated by the drummers. Following his early passion, Elvin joined his high schools marching band. Jones began service in the United States Army in 1946 and he was discharged in 1949, and returned home penniless. Jones said he borrowed thirty-five dollars from his sister when he got back to buy his first drumset, Jones began his professional career in 1949 with a short-lived gig in Detroits Grand River Street club. Eventually he went on to play artists such as Miles Davis. In 1955, after an audition for the Benny Goodman band, he found work in New York City, joining Charles Minguss band. In 1960, he joined the classic John Coltrane Quartet, which included bassist Jimmy Garrison. Jones and Coltrane often played extended duet passages and this band is widely considered to have redefined swing in much the same way that Louis Armstrong, Charlie Parker, and others did during earlier stages of jazzs development. He stayed with Coltrane until 1966, by that time, Jones was not entirely comfortable with Coltranes new direction and his polyrhythmic style clashed with the multidirectional approach of the groups second drummer, Rashied Ali. Jones remained active after leaving the Coltrane group, and led bands in the late sixties and seventies that are considered highly influential groups. Notable among them was a trio formed with saxophonist and multi-instrumentalist Joe Farrell and bassist Jimmy Garrison, Jones recorded extensively for Blue Note under his own name in the late sixties and early seventies, with groups that featured prominent as well as up and coming greats. The two-volume Live at the Lighthouse showcases a 21- and 26-year-old Steve Grossman and Dave Liebman, Jones played on many significant albums of the modal jazz era, such as The Real McCoy with McCoy Tyner and saxophonist Wayne Shorters Speak No Evil
24.
Tony Williams (drummer)
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Anthony Tillmon Tony Williams was an American jazz drummer. Widely regarded as one of the most important and influential drummers in history. He was inducted into the Modern Drummer Hall of Fame in 1986, Williams was born in Chicago and grew up in Boston. He was of African, Portuguese, and Chinese descent and he studied with drummer Alan Dawson at an early age, and began playing professionally at the age of 13 with saxophonist Sam Rivers. Saxophonist Jackie McLean hired Williams when he was 16, at 17 Williams found considerable fame with Miles Davis, joining a group that was later dubbed Daviss Second Great Quintet. Williams was an element of the group, called by Davis in his autobiography the center that the groups sound revolved around. His inventive playing helped redefine the role of the rhythm section through the use of polyrhythms and metric modulation. His first album as a leader, 1964s Life Time, was also in the avant-garde vein, in 1969, he formed a trio, the Tony Williams Lifetime, with John McLaughlin on guitar and Larry Young on organ. Lifetime was a band of the fusion movement, a combination of rock, R&B. Was largely rejected by the community at the time of its release. His second fusion recording, also on Polydor Records, was Turn It Over, was more progressive and louder, with the addition of rock bassist. After McLaughlin and Bruces departure, and several albums, Lifetime disbanded. In mid-1976, Williams was a part of a reunion with his colleagues from the Miles Davis band, keyboardist Herbie Hancock, bassist Ron Carter, Davis was in the midst of a six-year hiatus and was replaced by Freddie Hubbard. The record was released as V. S. O. P and was highly influential in increasing the popularity of acoustic jazz. The group went on to tour and record for several years, in 1979, Williams, McLaughlin and bassist Jaco Pastorius united for a one-time performance at the Havana Jazz Festival. This trio came to be known as the Trio of Doom, and it opens with a powerful drum improvisation by Williams, followed by McLaughlins Dark Prince and Pastorius Continuum, Williams original composition Para Oriente and McLaughlins Are You the One. Williams and Pastorius had also played together on the Herbie Hancock track Good Question from his 1978 album Sunlight, with the group Fuse One, Williams released two albums in 1980 and 1982. In 1985, he recorded an album for Blue Note Records entitled Foreign Intrigue, later that year he formed a quintet with Miller, Roney, saxophonist Bill Pierce, and bassist Charnett Moffett
25.
Eastridge High School
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Eastridge High School is an American public secondary school located in Irondequoit, New York. The School is an IB world school and it also offers Honors and AP classes. Its current principal is Timothy Heaphy and its current assistant principals are Brian Kurdziel, Sheri Webber and Christopher Whipple. This is the high school in the East Irondequoit Central School District. The school also features a band, indoor percussion ensemble. On May 7,2015, Eastridge High School has earned the distinction of being one of ten schools chosen as a School of Opportunity by the National Education Policy Center, more than 80 schools applied and four were awarded “Gold Recognition” and six earned “Silver Recognition”. Eastridge is one of the schools awarded Silver Recognition, AVID, Advancement Via Individual Determination targets students in the academic middle, who have the desire to go to college and the willingness to work hard. These are students who are capable of completing rigorous curriculum but are falling short of their potential, typically, they will be the first in their families to attend college, and many are from disadvantaged backgrounds. An interview selection process is required, AP, Advanced Placement courses are college level courses that challenge students at the college level. Students are recommended for AP by their teachers and will have the opportunity to earn college credit based on AP exam scores, PLTW, Project Lead the Way classes offer opportunities for students interested in careers in Engineering, Product Design, Architecture, Manufacturing, and other technology careers. These courses offer affordable college credit to RIT and a number of other engineering/technology schools, Honors, Honors level courses are offered to students who have excelled in academic classes. Recommendation is based on teacher evaluation, test scores, and overall academic attitude, Honors level courses will prepare students for the rigors of Advanced Placement courses. IB, International Baccalaureate classes begin in 11th grade, students can take the full diploma or certificate courses. Regents, Regents level courses are college preparatory courses, some Regents courses require a state final assessment. Students in 12th grade take the morning session and students in 11th grade take the afternoon session and are bused over by East Irondequoits Transportation Service. The East Irondequoit Lancer Marching Band has won six state championships over 35 years in the New York State Field Band Conference, hansel & Gretel in 2015 placed 5th of 6 bands with a score of 84.55. In Flanders Fields in 2016 placed 8th of 9 bands with a score of 83.25, on June 7,2014, Eastridge High Schools Music Department went to Sherburne, New York for the 65th Annual Pageant of Bands were they received best overall bands in Class A. On September 6,2014, the Lancer Marching Band beat Medina, their rivals at their home competition
26.
Manhattan School of Music
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The Manhattan School of Music is a major music conservatory located on the Upper West Side of New York City. The school offers degrees on the bachelors, masters, and doctoral levels in the areas of classical and jazz performance, founded in 1917, the school is located on Claremont Avenue in the Morningside Heights neighborhood of New York City, adjacent to Broadway and West 122nd Street. The MSM campus was originally the home to The Institute of Musical Art until Juilliard migrated to the Lincoln Center area of Midtown Manhattan, the property was originally owned by the Bloomingdale Insane Asylum until The Institute of Musical Art purchased it in 1910. The campus of Columbia University resides close by, where it has been since 1895, many of the students live in the schools residence hall, Andersen Hall. As of 2011,75 percent of the come from outside New York State and 31 percent from outside the United States. The Manhattan School of Music was founded in 1917–1918, by the pianist and philanthropist Janet D. Schenck, eventually, its name was changed to Manhattan School of Music. In 1943, the artistic and academic growth of the resulted in a charter amendment to grant the bachelor of music degree. Two subsequent amendments authorized the offering in 1947 of the master of music degree and, in 1974, in 1956, Dr. Schenck retired and Metropolitan Opera baritone John Brownlee was appointed director, a title later revised to president. President Brownlee initiated the idea of relocating the school to the Morningside Heights neighborhood, in 1969, George Schick, Metropolitan Opera conductor, accompanist, and opera coach, succeeded Brownlee as president and led the schools move to its present location. He created the program, while all other major school functions were managed by Senior Director Stanley Bednar. John O. Crosby, founder and general director of the Santa Fe Opera, was appointed president in 1976 and he was followed by Gideon W. Waldrop, who was appointed in 1986, and Peter C. Simon in 1989. On July 1,1992, Marta Casals Istomin was named president, Dr. Robert Sirota, former director of the Peabody Institute of the Johns Hopkins University, took over the presidency in 2005. He was succeeded by James Gandre, formerly of Roosevelt University, Manhattan School of Music offers a wide variety of live audience performance experiences for its students. There are three orchestras, The MSM Symphony, the Philharmonia, and the Chamber Sinfonia. In addition, many ensembles are assembled for orchestral chamber music. The MSM Wind Ensemble also performs throughout the year, the Jazz Arts Program also contains various ensembles, such as the Jazz Philharmonic, the Jazz Orchestra, Concert Jazz Band, Afro-Cuban Jazz Orchestra, and Chamber Jazz Ensemble. Tactus, the ensemble for chamber music, is made up of graduate students in the schools Contemporary Performance Program. The school also holds an annual competition with which the winner is offered the opportunity to perform with the Symphony Orchestra
27.
Eastman School of Music
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The Eastman School of Music is a comprehensive school of music located in Rochester, New York. The Eastman School is a school within the University of Rochester. It was established in 1921 by industrialist and philanthropist George Eastman and it offers Bachelor of Music degrees, Master of Arts degrees, Master of Music degrees, Doctor of Philosophy degrees, and Doctor of Musical Arts degrees in many musical fields. The school also awards a Performers Certificate or Artists Diploma, in 2015, there are more than 900 students enrolled in the collegiate division of the Eastman School. Students come from almost every state of the United States, with approximately 25% foreign students, each year approximately 2000 students apply. The acceptance rate was 13% in 2011, and about 1,000 students are enrolled in the Eastman School’s Community Music School. Alfred Klingenberg, a Norwegian pianist, was the schools first director. Since the founding of the Eastman School of Music in 1921, alfred Klingenberg served as the school’s first director from 1921 to 1923. After a one-year interim under Acting Director Raymond Wilson, the young American composer, Dr. Hanson is credited for transforming the Eastman School into a top school. Upon his retirement in 1964, after serving as director of the school for 40 years, Hendl served as director from 1964 to 1972, and was then succeeded by pianist and musicologist Robert Freeman who served from 1972 to 1996. Jamal Rossi, an Eastman alumnus, was appointed Interim Dean of the Eastman School in April 2006. On May 21,2007, composer/conductor Douglas Lowry, formerly the dean of the University of Cincinnati College-Conservatory of Music, was appointed Dean of the Eastman School, following Lowrys death in 2013, Rossi was appointed Dean. The Eastman School occupies parts of five buildings in downtown Rochester, the main hall includes the renovated 3, 094-seat Eastman Theater, the 455-seat Kilbourn Hall, and offices for faculty. The Eastman Theatre opened in 1922 as a center for music, dance, today, the 3, 094-seat theatre is the primary concert hall for the Eastman Schools larger ensembles, including its orchestras, wind ensembles, jazz ensembles, and chorale. Also, the Eastman Opera Theatre presents fully staged productions in the theatre each spring. It also is the performance venue for the Rochester Philharmonic Orchestra. A $5 million renovation of the theatre was completed in 2004, the theatre is located at 60 Gibbs Street, on the corner of Main and Gibbs Streets. Due to a $10 million donation by Eastman Kodak Inc. in April 2008, the Sibley Music Library—the largest academic music library in North America—is located across the street from the main hall. Hiram Watson Sibley founded the library in 1904 using the fortune he made as first president of Western Union
28.
Chuck Mangione
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Charles Frank Chuck Mangione is an American flugelhorn player, trumpeter and composer. After a stint with drummer Art Blakeys band and co-leading the Jazz Brothers with his sibling Gap, Mangione has released more than 30 albums since 1960. Mangione, whose uncle Jerre Mangione was an American writer and scholar of the Italian-American experience, was born and raised in Rochester, New York, Together, the brothers led the Jazz Brothers group which recorded three albums for Riverside Records before Mangione branched out into other work. In the late 1960s, Mangione was a member of the band The National Gallery, Mangiones quartet with saxophonist Gerry Niewood was a popular concert and recording act throughout the 1970s. Bellavia, recorded during this collaboration, won Mangione his first Grammy Award in 1977 in the category Best Instrumental Composition and he performed it live at the closing ceremonies, which were televised globally. In 1978 Mangione composed the soundtrack for the film The Children of Sanchez starring Anthony Quinn. This album won him his second Grammy, in the category Best Pop Instrumental performance in 1979, in 1981 Mangione composed/performed the theme for The Cannonball Run starring Burt Reynolds and many more. Performances of material new and old included versions of Main Squeeze, “Hill Where the Lord Hides, Mangione opened and closed the show with Feels So Good and its Reprise version. BBye featured an arrangement from Bill Reichenbach. The horns were arranged by frequent collaborator Jeff Tyzik, who played trumpet in the horn section that night. Mangione also played material from the just-released Children of Sanchez soundtrack album, the liner notes from the album describe the frenzy in which the performance was put together. Unable to set up on stage the day before, Mangione and his crew had only the day of show to set up lights, sound and recording gear. He had only nine hours the day before to rehearse at A&M studios with the musicians and was never able to run through the entire set list once in its entirety. He and the band stayed at a hotel up the street from the Bowl to make sure they wouldnt miss the performance due to snarled traffic pouring in as showtime neared, nevertheless, the show went off without a hitch. In December 1980, Mangione held a concert in the American Hotel Ballroom in Rochester to benefit the victims of an earthquake in Italy. The nine-hour concert included jazz luminaries such as Chick Corea, Steve Gadd and Dizzy Gillespie, among a host of other session and concert greats. Soon thereafter, A&M released Tarantella, named for the Italian traditional dance, an album of some of the concerts exceptional moments. A1980 issue of Current Biography called Feels So Good the most recognized tune since Michelle by The Beatles
29.
United States Army Field Band
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The United States Army Field Band of Washington, D. C. is a touring musical organization of the United States Army. Each year, the Army Field Band performs more than 400 concerts, from Americas largest cities to her smallest heartland communities, The Musical Ambassadors of the Army tell the story of the Army. The soldier-musicians of the Field Band have appeared live, on the radio, and on television in all 50 states and they are the most traveled musical organization of the United States military. Stationed at Ft. Meade, MD, the Army Field Band consists of four performing components, The Concert Band, The Soldiers Chorus, the Jazz Ambassadors, the Army Field Bands operations component works in garrison at Ft. Meade and organizes all tours. Every four years, the Army Field Band is charged with the responsibility of leading the first element of the Presidential Inaugural Parade. However, the Army Field Bands day-to-day mission is to represent the United States Army by performing concerts across America, during World War II, musical groups crisscrossed the United States, performing concerts and shows that helped to raise money for the war effort. The USO shows, made famous through their connection with Hollywood greats like Bob Hope, after his tour in the Pacific Theater, Chief Warrant Officer Chester E. Whiting became the first commander of the First Combat Infantry Band, a unique group made up entirely of combat veterans. The band traveled the country and presented concerts very much like those given by the USO—shows full of a variety of classical. Admission to a typical First Combat Infantry Band concert was gained by buying a War Bond, the band raised over a million dollars for the war effort, earning the nickname The Million Dollar Band. Lieutenant General Jacob L. Devers, Commanding General of U. S. Army Ground Forces, recognized the success of shows like those produced by the USO. In 1946, the United States Armed Forces were in the midst of the largest military drawdown in modern history, millions of servicemen and women returned stateside to resume their civilian lives and the militarys numbers decreased dramatically. General Devers foresaw the need to maintain a relationship between the Army and the American people, an important part of this effort was the First Combat Infantry Band. General Devers message of March 21,1946 to Chief Warrant Officer Whiting was brief but profound, the bands members had to pass a rigorous audition. The nucleus of the organization consisted of musicians from the original First Combat Infantry Band, the new band existed under the umbrella of U. S. Army Ground Forces, and was renamed The Army Ground Forces Band. In the spring of 1950, as the Army Ground Forces were re-titled U. S. Army Field Forces, the band assumed a new name—The United States Army Field Band—that it keeps to this day. The Soldiers Chorus had its origins in the days of the Concert Band. They featured glee club-style choral arrangements of traditional and popular songs, in 1957, the unit began to audition vocalists specifically for the Chorus. Field Band history was made in 1974 when the units first full-time female soldier-musicians enlisted to join the ranks of the Soldiers Chorus
30.
Washington, D.C.
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Washington, D. C. formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D. C. is the capital of the United States. The signing of the Residence Act on July 16,1790, Constitution provided for a federal district under the exclusive jurisdiction of the Congress and the District is therefore not a part of any state. The states of Maryland and Virginia each donated land to form the federal district, named in honor of President George Washington, the City of Washington was founded in 1791 to serve as the new national capital. In 1846, Congress returned the land ceded by Virginia, in 1871. Washington had an population of 681,170 as of July 2016. Commuters from the surrounding Maryland and Virginia suburbs raise the population to more than one million during the workweek. The Washington metropolitan area, of which the District is a part, has a population of over 6 million, the centers of all three branches of the federal government of the United States are in the District, including the Congress, President, and Supreme Court. Washington is home to national monuments and museums, which are primarily situated on or around the National Mall. The city hosts 176 foreign embassies as well as the headquarters of international organizations, trade unions, non-profit organizations, lobbying groups. A locally elected mayor and a 13‑member council have governed the District since 1973, However, the Congress maintains supreme authority over the city and may overturn local laws. D. C. residents elect a non-voting, at-large congressional delegate to the House of Representatives, the District receives three electoral votes in presidential elections as permitted by the Twenty-third Amendment to the United States Constitution, ratified in 1961. Various tribes of the Algonquian-speaking Piscataway people inhabited the lands around the Potomac River when Europeans first visited the area in the early 17th century, One group known as the Nacotchtank maintained settlements around the Anacostia River within the present-day District of Columbia. Conflicts with European colonists and neighboring tribes forced the relocation of the Piscataway people, some of whom established a new settlement in 1699 near Point of Rocks, Maryland. 43, published January 23,1788, James Madison argued that the new government would need authority over a national capital to provide for its own maintenance. Five years earlier, a band of unpaid soldiers besieged Congress while its members were meeting in Philadelphia, known as the Pennsylvania Mutiny of 1783, the event emphasized the need for the national government not to rely on any state for its own security. However, the Constitution does not specify a location for the capital, on July 9,1790, Congress passed the Residence Act, which approved the creation of a national capital on the Potomac River. The exact location was to be selected by President George Washington, formed from land donated by the states of Maryland and Virginia, the initial shape of the federal district was a square measuring 10 miles on each side, totaling 100 square miles. Two pre-existing settlements were included in the territory, the port of Georgetown, Maryland, founded in 1751, many of the stones are still standing
31.
Michael S. Smith
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Michael Scott Smith was an American jazz drummer and percussionist. He grew up in Meadville, Pennsylvania, where his father exposed him to jazz at an early age, at age 8, Smith began taking drum lessons from local jazz drummer, Cootie Harris. His father and Harris took young Smith to local jam sessions throughout Northwestern PA and his early influences included drummers Art Blakey and Philly Joe Jones. As a student at Youngstown State University, Smith played gigs in and around Youngstown and Pittsburgh, most notably with pianists Gene Rush and Harold Danko, Smith transferred to Howard University in Washington D. C. where he began his playing career. He was tapped to play with jazz pianist Bobby Timmons at the famed Bohemian Caverns jazz club and he soon got the attention of other well-known jazz musicians, including vibraphonist Gary Burton. Burton asked him to join his ensemble on tour, but Smith declined due to fear of being drafted, Smith eventually dropped out of Howard, was drafted, then classified as 4-F due to a history of migraine headaches. He joined his friend, bassist Terry Plumeri, in the group, Love, Cry, Want, a group with jazz, blues. Smith helped form the ambient music group, The Entourage Music and Theater Ensemble with Joe Clark, Rusti Clark and this group made two recordings for Folkways Records and performed in theaters in combination with dance ensembles. In 2003, the music artist Four Tet sampled, without permission, the Entourage composition, Neptune Rising. He toured nationally with Roberta Flack from 1971 to 1972 and he left Flacks band and returned to his home base in Washington D. C. where he performed and recorded with local jazz musicians. The Washington Post included Smith in its 1974 Whos Who of D. C. artists, in 1976, Smith traveled to Germany to record with pianist Steve Kuhn, bassist Harvie Swartz, and saxophonist Steve Slagle. The resulting recording was the critically successful LP, Steve Kuhn & Ecstasy - Motility on the ECM Records label, in 1984, he recorded with pianist/bassist Don Thompson on his Juno Award-winning LP, A Beautiful Friendship. He toured Europe and appeared with pianist Adam Makowicz at the North Sea Jazz Festival in 1986 and 1987 playing to appreciative crowds. During the 1980s, Smith was the drummer for saxophonist Dave Liebman. Smith continued to jazz clubs and record with local jazz musicians, most notably Paul Bollenback. He was diagnosed prostate cancer in late 2003. His last recording was with David Kane, Drew Gress, and Dave Liebman on Kanes CD, although suffering from walking pneumonia and severe bone pain, his performance during this session was not noticeably affected. The effects of prostate cancer eventually sidelined Smith in November 2005, a tribute to Smith was held at the renowned jazz club, Blues Alley on January 10,2006, an event that was attended by many of the top jazz musicians in the DC area
32.
Tony Levin
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Anthony Frederick Tony Levin, is an American musician and composer, specializing in electric bass, Chapman Stick and upright bass. He also sings and plays synthesizer, Levin is best known for his work with progressive rock pioneers King Crimson and Peter Gabriel. Levin helped to popularize the Chapman Stick and the NS upright bass and he also created funk fingers, modified drumsticks attached to fingers used to hit the bass strings. Levin is also one of the first bloggers, as he began sharing his experiences in a diary fashion as early as in 1996. In 2011, Levin ranked second in The 20 Most Underrated Bass Guitarists in Paste magazine, in 2003, Levin stated that he was a vegetarian. Anthony Frederick Levin was born on June 6,1946, in Boston, Massachusetts and he began playing double bass at 10 years old, primarily studying classical music. In high school, he learned tuba, soloing with the concert band, after high school, he attended the Eastman School of Music in Rochester, New York and played in the Rochester Philharmonic Orchestra. Also at Eastman, he studied with drummer Steve Gadd and he traded in his Ampeg electric upright Baby Bass for a Fender Precision Bass, his first bass amplifier on early days was an Ampeg Portaflex B-15. In 1970, Levin moved to New York City, joining a band called Aha, allmusic. com and Rolling Stone Magazine rated this album as one of the best singer/songwriter albums of the 1970s. In the late 1970s, Levin joined Peter Gabriels band and he had met Gabriel through producer Bob Ezrin. Levin has been Gabriels bass player of choice ever since, both on the road and in the studio, on Gabriels first solo album, Levin played tuba as well as bass, and directed a short barbershop quartet version of Excuse Me. In these early years with Gabriel, Levin developed his playing of the Chapman Stick, in 1986, the song Big Time, from Gabriels So album, inspired the development of funk fingers, which are chopped off drumsticks used to hammer on the bass strings. Levin credits Gabriel with the idea, and Andy Moore, his tech at the time, in 1978, Levin moved to Woodstock, New York, to join the band LImage, which included his old friend Steve Gadd as well as Mike Mainieri and Warren Bernhardt. The band broke up after a year, and Levin stayed in the area, he resides in Kingston. In August 1980, he began recording sessions on Double Fantasy with John Lennon and he also played all of the bass guitar and Chapman Stick parts on Pink Floyds 1987 album A Momentary Lapse of Reason as a session player. In 1984 Levin released Road Photos, a collection of black and white photos taken during his travels with Crimson, Gabriel, Simon, another book of photos focusing on King Crimsons travels in the 1980s, The Crimson Chronicles volume 1, was released in 2004. There has been no word yet on the release of volume 2, fripp then reformed King Crimson as a quartet, without Levin and Bruford. Levin also took part in two of the post-breakup experimental sub-groups, ProjeKct One and ProjeKct Four, Levin played bass on Watcher of the Skies from Steve Hacketts Genesis Revisited album
33.
Return to Forever
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Return to Forever is a jazz fusion group founded and led by pianist Chick Corea. Through its existence, the band has had many members, with the only consistent bandmate of Coreas being bassist Stanley Clarke, along with Weather Report and Mahavishnu Orchestra, Return to Forever is often cited as one of the core groups of the jazz-fusion movement of the 1970s. Several musicians, including Clarke, Flora Purim, Airto Moreira and Al Di Meola, however, in 1972, after having become a member of Scientology, Corea decided that he wanted to better communicate with the audience. This essentially translated into his performing a more accessible style of music. The first edition of Return to Forever performed primarily Latin-oriented music, within this first line-up in particular, Clarke played acoustic double bass in addition to electric bass. Coreas electric piano formed the basis of this sound, he was yet to discover synthesizers. Clarke and Farrell were given ample solo space themselves, while Purims vocals lent some commercial appeal to the music, many of their compositions were also instrumental and somewhat experimental in nature. The music was composed by Corea with the exception of the track of the second album which was written by Stanley Clarke. Lyrics were often written by Coreas friend Neville Potter, and were quite often Scientology-themed, Clarke himself became involved in Scientology through Corea, but eventually left the religion in the early 1980s. Their first album, titled simply Return to Forever, was recorded for ECM Records in 1972 and was released only in Europe. This album featured Coreas now famous compositions Crystal Silence and La Fiesta and their second album, Light as a Feather, was released by Polydor and included the song Spain, which also became quite well known. After the second album, Farrell, Purim and Moreira left the group to form their own band, however, Gadd was unwilling to tour with the band and risk his job as an in-demand session drummer. Lenny White replaced Gadd and Lewis on drums and percussion, and their music was still relatively melodic, relying on strong themes, but the jazz element was by this time almost entirely absent, replaced by a more direct, rock oriented approach. Over-driven, distorted guitar had become prominent in the bands new sound. A replacement on vocals was not hired, and all the songs were now instrumentals and this change did not lead to a decrease in the bands commercial fortunes however, Return to Forevers jazz rock albums instead found their way onto US pop album charts. In the September 1988 Down Beat magazine interview with Chick Corea by Josef Woodward, Josef says, Miles crystallized electric jazz fusion and that he sent his emissaries out. But there were things that occurred that I thought were equally as important. What John McLaughlin did with the electric guitar set the world on its ear, No one ever heard an electric guitar played like that before, and it certainly inspired me
34.
Richard Tee
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Tee was born in Brooklyn, New York, where he spent most of his life and lived with his mother in a brownstone apartment building. Tee graduated from The High School of Music & Art in New York City, though better known as a studio and session musician, Tee led a jazz ensemble, the Richard Tee Committee, and was a founding member of the band Stuff. In 1981 he played the piano and Fender Rhodes for Simon and he also contributed to numerous gold and platinum albums during his long career and joined the band Stuff led by bassist Gordon Edwards. Other members of the band included guitarist Cornell Dupree, drummer Chris Parker and later adding guitarist Eric Gale and drummer Steve Gadd to the line up. After a 16-year relationship with Eleana Steinberg Tee of Greenwich, Connecticut, the couple moved to the Chelsea Hotel in 1988, and later to Cold Spring, New York. Tee died of cancer on July 21,1993 in Cold Spring. He is buried in the Artist Cemetery in Woodstock, New York, Tee used a diverse range of keyboards during his recording and touring career, notably the Hammond organ, piano, Hohner clavinet and synthesizers. His trademark sound, however, was his method of playing a Fender Rhodes electric piano
35.
Eric Gale
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Eric J. Gale was a leading American jazz and session guitarist. Born in Brooklyn, New York, Gale began playing guitar at the age of 12 and he soon began to attract the attention of King Curtis and Jimmy Smith, who began recommending him for studio work. He became known first as a musician in the 1960s. He also had played in Aretha Franklins stage band, Gale died of lung cancer in May 1994, at the age of 55
36.
Cornell Dupree
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Cornell Luther Dupree was an American jazz and R&B guitarist. He worked at times with Bill Withers, Donny Hathaway, King Curtis and Steve Gadd, appeared on David Letterman. He reportedly recorded on 2,500 sessions, Dupree was born and raised in Fort Worth, Texas, where he graduated from I. M. Terrell High School. Dupree began his playing in the Atlantic Records studio band, recording on albums by Aretha Franklin. He appeared on the 1969 Lena Horne and Gábor Szabó recording and he was a founding member of the band Stuff, which featured fellow guitarist Eric Gale, Richard Tee on keyboards, Steve Gadd and Chris Parker on drums, and Gordon Edwards on bass. Dupree and Tee recorded together on many occasions and he played on Brook Bentons Rainy Night in Georgia and Please Send Me Someone to Love, and is featured on two tracks of Peter Wolfs 1998 album, Fools Parade. He is also known for playing the guitar riff on Aretha Franklins Respect. In December 1972, the UK music magazine, NME, reported that Dupree, along with Roberta Flack, in later years, Dupree used a Fender red-knob Twin Reverb and played a Yamaha signature guitar called the Dupree Super Jam. In 1989, Cornell recorded a video for Arlen Roths Hot Licks called R&B Guitar, in 2009, Dupree appeared in a documentary entitled Still Bill, which chronicled the life and times of Bill Withers. He appeared on stage playing a version of Grandmas Hands. Bill Withers, at first, was sitting in the audience, in this part of the documentary, Dupree played his guitar on a stool, breathing using an oxygen machine, which foretold his suffering from emphysema. Dupree died on May 8,2011 at his home in Fort Worth and he had been waiting for a lung transplant as a result of suffering from emphysema
37.
Stuff (band)
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Stuff was an American, New York City-based jazz-funk band active in the late 1970s and early 1980s. The members were Gordon Edwards, Richard Tee, Eric Gale, Cornell Dupree, Chris Parker, one day at Rudy Van Gelders – I remember it was a hell of a job, it was for Queen Esther Marrow, great singer. George Benson was on the job, Bernard Purdie, and Richard Tee on keyboards, Esther asked me if she could use the band for a club date she had lined up – a club called Mikells in New York City. We did play there, and Richard Tee stopped by one time and we only worked Monday through Thursday, and Mikells was packed, wall to wall, round the block. After parting ways with Esther the band returned to play every week, Steve Gadd came by one night to sit in with us, as did Eric Gale. We were rolling heavy, and one night I was approached by Michael Lang, the gentleman who put on Woodstock, sure enough Warner Bros. flew in from California to hear us live. They liked us, but we use the name The Encyclopedia of Soul – it was too long. I remember we were in a diner that was on the corner by Atlantic Records one day, there was me, Michael Lang, Cornell Dupree and Erma Dupree and we were trying to decide what we would call the band. It was Erma who said, You know Gordon, you always call everybody stuff and you should call the band STUFF. Stuff developed a danceable rhythm and blues and funk sound, the likes of which had not been heard since the days of the Harlem Swing Bands of the 40s and 50s. The band released five albums between 1975 and 1980, all of which went Gold, More Stuff earned a Grammy Nomination, stuffs first album was recorded at Long View Farm in North Brookfield, MA and produced by Herb Lovelle in 1976 and went platinum in Japan. Stuff was associated with Mikells, the New York jazz club where session musicians would meet up for jam sessions with visiting soul, jazz and funk stars
38.
Saturday Night Live
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Saturday Night Live is an American late-night live television sketch comedy and variety show created by Lorne Michaels and developed by Dick Ebersol. The show premiered on NBC on October 11,1975, under the original title NBCs Saturday Night, the shows comedy sketches, which parody contemporary culture and politics, are performed by a large and varying cast of repertory and newer cast members. Each episode is hosted by a celebrity guest and features performances by a musical guest, an episode normally begins with a cold open sketch that ends with someone breaking character and proclaiming, Live from New York, its Saturday Night. In 1980, Michaels left the series to other opportunities. He was replaced by Jean Doumanian, who was replaced by Ebersol after a season of bad reviews, Ebersol ran the show until 1985, when Michaels returned, Michaels has remained since then. Many of SNLs cast found national stardom while appearing on the show, others associated with the show, such as writers, have gone on to successful careers creating, writing, or starring in TV and film. The show format has developed and recreated in several countries. Successful sketches have seen life outside of the show as feature films, throughout four decades on air, Saturday Night Live has received a number of awards, including 50 Primetime Emmy Awards, two Peabody Awards, and three Writers Guild of America Awards. In 2000, it was inducted into the National Association of Broadcasters Hall of Fame and it was ranked tenth in TV Guides 50 Greatest TV Shows of All Time list, and in 2007 it was listed as one of Time magazines 100 Best TV Shows of All-TIME. As of 2012, it has received 156 Emmy nominations, the most received by any TV show, the live aspect of the show has resulted in several controversies and acts of censorship, with mistakes and intentional acts of sabotage by performers as well as guests. From 1965 until September 1975, NBC ran The Best of Carson reruns of The Tonight Show, in 1974, Johnny Carson announced that he wanted the weekend shows pulled and saved so that they could be aired during weeknights, allowing him to take time off. In 1974, NBC president Herbert Schlosser approached his vice president of late night programming, Dick Ebersol, at the suggestion of Paramount Pictures executive Barry Diller, Schlosser and Ebersol then approached Lorne Michaels. Over the next three weeks, Ebersol and Michaels developed the idea for a variety show featuring high-concept comedy sketches, political satire. By 1975 Michaels had assembled a talented cast, including Dan Aykroyd, John Belushi, Chevy Chase, Jane Curtin, Garrett Morris, Laraine Newman, Michael ODonoghue, Gilda Radner, and George Coe. The show was originally called NBCs Saturday Night, because Saturday Night Live was in use by Saturday Night Live with Howard Cosell on the rival network ABC, NBC purchased the rights to the name in 1976 and officially adopted the new title on March 26,1977. In 1975 and 1976, they were the most desirable demographic for television advertisers, NBC executives agreed with Michaels and decided to keep the show on the air despite many angry letters and phone calls that the network received from viewers who were offended by certain sketches. Chevy Chase left the show in November of the season and was replaced a few months later by the then-unknown comic actor Bill Murray. Aykroyd and Belushi left the show in 1979 after the end of season four, in May 1980, Michaels—emotionally and physically exhausted—requested to put the show on hiatus for a year to give him time and energy to pursue other projects
39.
Japan
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Japan is a sovereign island nation in Eastern Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies off the eastern coast of the Asia Mainland and stretches from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea, the kanji that make up Japans name mean sun origin. 日 can be read as ni and means sun while 本 can be read as hon, or pon, Japan is often referred to by the famous epithet Land of the Rising Sun in reference to its Japanese name. Japan is an archipelago consisting of about 6,852 islands. The four largest are Honshu, Hokkaido, Kyushu and Shikoku, the country is divided into 47 prefectures in eight regions. Hokkaido being the northernmost prefecture and Okinawa being the southernmost one, the population of 127 million is the worlds tenth largest. Japanese people make up 98. 5% of Japans total population, approximately 9.1 million people live in the city of Tokyo, the capital of Japan. Archaeological research indicates that Japan was inhabited as early as the Upper Paleolithic period, the first written mention of Japan is in Chinese history texts from the 1st century AD. Influence from other regions, mainly China, followed by periods of isolation, from the 12th century until 1868, Japan was ruled by successive feudal military shoguns who ruled in the name of the Emperor. Japan entered into a period of isolation in the early 17th century. The Second Sino-Japanese War of 1937 expanded into part of World War II in 1941, which came to an end in 1945 following the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Japan is a member of the UN, the OECD, the G7, the G8, the country has the worlds third-largest economy by nominal GDP and the worlds fourth-largest economy by purchasing power parity. It is also the worlds fourth-largest exporter and fourth-largest importer, although Japan has officially renounced its right to declare war, it maintains a modern military with the worlds eighth-largest military budget, used for self-defense and peacekeeping roles. Japan is a country with a very high standard of living. Its population enjoys the highest life expectancy and the third lowest infant mortality rate in the world, in ancient China, Japan was called Wo 倭. It was mentioned in the third century Chinese historical text Records of the Three Kingdoms in the section for the Wei kingdom, Wa became disliked because it has the connotation of the character 矮, meaning dwarf. The 倭 kanji has been replaced with the homophone Wa, meaning harmony, the Japanese word for Japan is 日本, which is pronounced Nippon or Nihon and literally means the origin of the sun. The earliest record of the name Nihon appears in the Chinese historical records of the Tang dynasty, at the start of the seventh century, a delegation from Japan introduced their country as Nihon
40.
Abraham Laboriel
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Abraham Laboriel Sr. is a Mexican-American bassist who has played on over 4,000 recordings and soundtracks. Guitar Player Magazine described him as the most widely used session bassist of our time, Laboriel is the father of drummer Abe Laboriel Jr. and of producer, songwriter, and film composer Mateo Laboriel. He is ranked No.42 on Bass Player magazines list of The 100 Greatest Bass Players, Laboriel was born in Mexico City. Originally a classically trained guitarist, he switched to bass guitar while studying at the Berklee College of Music, henry Mancini encouraged Laboriel to move to Los Angeles, California and pursue a recording career. His brother was the late Mexican rock & roll singer Johnny Laboriel and their parents were Honduran immigrants from the Garifuna coast. Paul Simon, Quincy Jones, Ray Charles, Ron Kenoly, Russ Taff, Stevie Wonder and his son Abe Laboriel Jr. performed drums. Laboriel was a member of the bands, Friendship and Koinonia. He plays live regularly with Greg Mathieson, drummer Bill Maxwell, Laboriel is now in the band Open Hands with Justo Almario, Greg Mathieson, and Bill Maxwell. In 2005, Abraham was awarded an Honorary Doctorate of Music by the Berklee College of Music. Promise Band - Raise the Standard 1995, Don Moen ‒ Rivers of Joy 1995, Ron Kenoly - Sing Out With One Voice 1995, Justo Almario ‒ Count Me In 1996, Alvin Slaughter ‒ God Can
41.
Patrice Rushen
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Patrice Louise Rushen is an American jazz pianist and R&B singer. She is also a composer, record producer, multi-instrumentalist, songwriter and her 1982 single, Forget Me Nots, received a Grammy Award nomination for Best Female R&B Vocal Performance. Rushen had great success on the R&B and dance charts, Havent You Heard went number 7 on the R&B charts, Rushen is the elder of two daughters born to Allen and Ruth Rushen. In her teens, she attended south LAs Locke High School, Rushen married Marc St. Louis, a concert tour manager and live show production specialist, in 1986. Her nickname is Babyfingers, a reference to her small hands, in 2005, Rushen received an Honorary Doctorate of Music degree from Berklee College of Music. She has been a member of jazz fusion band CAB and her song Hang it Up was featured on the 2005 video game Fahrenheit. The Women of Brewster Place The Midnight Hour TV Series Herself Robert Townsends HBO variety show series, Partners in Crime Hogan, retrieved 2007-05-09. com Patrice Rushen Interview NAMM Oral History Program
42.
Berklee College of Music
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Berklee College of Music, located in Boston, Massachusetts, United States, is the largest independent college of contemporary music in the world. Since 2012, Berklee College of Music has also operated a campus in Valencia, in December 2015, Berklee College of Music and the Boston Conservatory agreed to a merger. The combined institution will be known as Berklee, with the conservatory becoming The Boston Conservatory at Berklee, Berklee College of Music is accredited by the New England Association of Schools and Colleges. NEASC is the accreditation agency for schools and colleges located in the New England region of the United States. In 1945 pianist, composer, arranger and MIT graduate Lawrence Berk founded Schillinger House, located at 284 Newbury St. in Bostons Back Bay, the school specialized in the Schillinger System of harmony and composition developed by Joseph Schillinger. Instrumental lessons and a few classes in theory, harmony. At first, most students were working professional musicians, many students were former World War II service members who attended under the G. I. Initial enrollment was fewer than 50 students, but by 1949 there were more than 500 students, Lawrence Berk placed great emphasis on learning from practitioners, as opposed to academics, and generally hired working musicians as faculty members. Several of the schools best-known musician-educators arrived after the name change. In 1956, trumpeter Herb Pomeroy joined the faculty and remained until his retirement in 1996, drummer Alan Dawson and saxophonist Charlie Mariano became faculty members in 1957. Reed player John LaPorta began teaching in 1962, like many of Berks ideas, this practice continues into the present. Another trend in the schools history also began the mid-1950s, during this period, the school began to attract international students in greater numbers. For example, Japanese pianist Toshiko Akiyoshi arrived in 1956, multiple Grammy-winning producer Arif Mardin came from Turkey to study at the school in 1958. In 1957, Berklee initiated the first of many applications of technology to music education with Jazz in the Classroom. The series, which continued until 1980, was a precursor to subsequent Berklee-affiliated recording labels, Berklee awarded its first bachelor of music degrees in 1966. Members of the first graduating class to receive degrees included Alf Clausen, Stephen Gould, Gould taught film scoring at Berklee and is currently the Program Director for the Educational Leadership PhD program at Lesley University. During the 1960s, the Berklee curriculum began to reflect new developments in music, such the rise of rock and roll, soul and funk. In 1962, Berklee offered the first college-level instrumental major for guitar, the guitar department initially had nine students, and today it is the largest single instrumental major at the college
