1.
Financial endowment
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A financial endowment is a donation of money or property to a nonprofit organization for the ongoing support of that organization. An endowment may come with stipulations regarding its usage, the total value of an institutions investments is often referred to as the institutions endowment and is typically organized as a public charity, private foundation, or trust. Among the institutions that commonly manage endowments are academic institutions, cultural institutions, service organizations, the earliest endowed chairs were those established by the Roman emperor and Stoic philosopher Marcus Aurelius in Athens in AD176. Aurelius created one endowed chair for each of the schools of philosophy, Platonism, Aristotelianism, Stoicism. Later, similar endowments were set up in other major cities of the Empire. Today, the University of Glasgow has fifteen Regius Professorships, private individuals soon adopted the practice of endowing professorships. Isaac Newton held the Lucasian Chair of Mathematics at Cambridge beginning in 1669, unrestricted endowment can be used in any way the recipient chooses to carry out its mission. Term endowment funds stipulate that all or part of the principal may be expended only after the expiration of a period of time or occurrence of a specified event. Quasi endowment funds must retain the purpose and intent as specified by the donor or source of the original funds, Endowment revenue can be restricted by donors to serve many purposes. Endowed professorships or scholarships restricted to a subject are common. Ignoring the restriction is called invading the endowment, but change of circumstance or financial duress like bankruptcy can preclude carrying out the donors intent. A court can alter the use of restricted endowment under a doctrine called cy-près meaning to find an alternative as near as possible to the donors intent, the restricted/unrestricted distinction focuses on the use of the funds, see quasi-endowment below for a distinction about whether principal can be spent. Academic institutions, such as colleges and universities, will control a endowment fund that finances a portion of the operating or capital requirements of the institution. In addition to an endowment fund, each university may also control a number of restricted endowments that are intended to fund specific areas within the institution. The most common examples are endowed professorships, and endowed scholarships or fellowships, in the United States, the endowment is often integral to the financial health of educational institutions. Alumni or friends of institutions sometimes contribute capital to the endowment, the endowment funding culture is strong in the United States and Canada but less pronounced overseas, with the exceptions of Cambridge and Oxford universities. Endowment funds have also created to support secondary and elementary school districts in several states in the United States. An endowed professorship is a position permanently paid for with the revenue from an endowment fund set up for that purpose
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Postgraduate education
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In North America, this level is generally referred to as graduate school. The organization and structure of education varies in different countries. This article outlines the types of courses and of teaching and examination methods. There are two types of degrees studied for at the postgraduate level, academic and vocational degrees. The term degree in this means the moving from one stage or level to another. University studies took six years for a degree and up to twelve additional years for a masters degree or doctorate. The first six years taught the faculty of the arts, which was the study of the seven liberal arts, arithmetic, geometry, astronomy, music theory, grammar, logic, the main emphasis was on logic. Once a Bachelor of Arts degree had been obtained, the student could choose one of three faculties—law, medicine, or theology—in which to pursue masters or doctors degrees. Because theology was thought to be the highest of the subjects, the main significance of the higher, postgraduate degrees was that they licensed the holder to teach. In most countries, the hierarchy of postgraduate degrees is as follows, in Scottish Universities, the Master of Philosophy degree tends to be by research or higher masters degree and the Master of Letters degree tends to be the taught or lower masters degree. In many fields such as social work, or library science in North America. Professional degrees such as the Master of Architecture degree can last to three and a years to satisfy professional requirement to be an architect. Professional degrees such as the Master of Business Administration degree can last up to two years to satisfy the requirement to become a business leader. These are often divided into academic and professional doctorates. An academic doctorate can be awarded as a Doctor of Philosophy degree or as a Doctor of Science degree, a doctorate is the terminal degree in most fields. In the United States, there is distinction between a Doctor of Philosophy degree and a Doctor of Science degree. In the second half of the 19th century, however, US universities began to follow the European model by awarding doctorates, in the UK, an equivalent formation to doctorate is the NVQ5 or QCF8. Most universities award degrees, usually at the postgraduate level
3.
Owings Mills, Maryland
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Owings Mills is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in Baltimore County, Maryland, United States. It is a suburb of Baltimore, the population was 30,622 at the 2010 census. Owings Mills is home to the terminus of the Baltimore Metro Subway. It is also home to the Baltimore Ravens headquarters facility, in 2008, CNNMoney. com named Owings Mills number 49 of the 100 Best Places to Live and Launch. Owings Mills is located at 39°24′44″N 76°47′35″W, according to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 9.6 square miles, all of it land. As of the census of 2010, there were 30,622 people and 12,525 households in the CDP, the population density was 3,189.8 people per square mile. There were 13,282 housing units, at a density of 1,383.5 per square mile. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 7. 0% of the population,33. 2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7. 1% were someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.34, and the family size was 3.01. In the CDP, the population was out with 21. 9% under the age of 18,12. 5% from 18 to 24,35. 7% from 25 to 44,22. 0% from 45 to 64. The median age was 32.6 years, for every 100 females there were 81.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 77.2 males, at the 2000 census, the median income for a household in the CDP was $53,424, and the median income for a family was $61,079. Males had an income of $41,135 versus $33,359 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $27,107, about 4. 6% of families and 5. 9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6. 8% of those under age 18 and 9. 2% of those age 65 or over. Owings Mills is served by the Baltimore County Public Schools system, Schools include New Town Elementary, Owings Mills Elementary, Timber Grove Elementary in adjacent Reisterstown, Glyndon Elementary, Deer Park Middle Magnet, Owings Mills High, and New Town High. There are also private schools in the area, including McDonogh School. McDonogh School is co-ed while Garrison Forest is all girls, Owings Mills is home to a satellite branch of the three campuses of the Community College of Baltimore County system and a branch of the ITT Technical Institute. Stevenson University, opened its Owings Mills campus in 2004, an addition to its original Stevenson campus nearby to the east, there is also public bus service available on Maryland Transit Administration bus route nos.56 and 59
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Maryland
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The states largest city is Baltimore, and its capital is Annapolis. Among its occasional nicknames are Old Line State, the Free State, the state is named after Henrietta Maria of France, the wife of Charles I of England. George Calvert was the first Lord of Baltimore and the first English proprietor of the colonial grant. Maryland was the state to ratify the United States Constitution. Maryland is one of the smallest U. S. states in terms of area, as well as one of the most densely populated, Maryland has an area of 12,406.68 square miles and is comparable in overall area with Belgium. It is the 42nd largest and 9th smallest state and is closest in size to the state of Hawaii, the next largest state, its neighbor West Virginia, is almost twice the size of Maryland. Maryland possesses a variety of topography within its borders, contributing to its nickname America in Miniature. The mid-portion of this border is interrupted by Washington, D. C. which sits on land that was part of Montgomery and Prince Georges counties and including the town of Georgetown. This land was ceded to the United States Federal Government in 1790 to form the District of Columbia, the Chesapeake Bay nearly bisects the state and the counties east of the bay are known collectively as the Eastern Shore. Close to the town of Hancock, in western Maryland, about two-thirds of the way across the state. This geographical curiosity makes Maryland the narrowest state, bordered by the Mason–Dixon line to the north, portions of Maryland are included in various official and unofficial geographic regions. Much of the Baltimore–Washington corridor lies just south of the Piedmont in the Coastal Plain, earthquakes in Maryland are infrequent and small due to the states distance from seismic/earthquake zones. The M5.8 Virginia earthquake in 2011 was felt moderately throughout Maryland, buildings in the state are not well-designed for earthquakes and can suffer damage easily. The lack of any glacial history accounts for the scarcity of Marylands natural lakes, laurel Oxbow Lake is an over one-hundred-year-old 55-acre natural lake two miles north of Maryland City and adjacent to Russett. Chews Lake is a natural lake two miles south-southeast of Upper Marlboro. There are numerous lakes, the largest of them being the Deep Creek Lake. Maryland has shale formations containing natural gas, where fracking is theoretically possible, as is typical of states on the East Coast, Marylands plant life is abundant and healthy. Middle Atlantic coastal forests, typical of the southeastern Atlantic coastal plain, grow around Chesapeake Bay, moving west, a mixture of Northeastern coastal forests and Southeastern mixed forests cover the central part of the state
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Suburb
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A suburb is a residential area or a mixed use area, either existing as part of a city or urban area or as a separate residential community within commuting distance of a city. In some areas, such as Australia, China, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and a few U. S. states, new suburbs are routinely annexed by adjacent cities. In others, such as Arabia, Canada, France, and much of the United States, Suburbs first emerged on a large scale in the 19th and 20th centuries as a result of improved rail and road transport, which led to an increase in commuting. Suburbs tend to proliferate around cities that have an abundance of adjacent flat land, the English word is derived from the Old French subburbe, which is in turn derived from the Latin suburbium, formed from sub and urbs. The first recorded usage of the term in English, was made by John Wycliffe in 1380, in Australia and New Zealand, suburbs have become formalised as geographic subdivisions of a city and are used by postal services in addressing. In rural areas in both countries, their equivalents are called localities, the terms inner suburb and outer suburb are used to differentiate between the higher-density suburbs in proximity to the city center, and the lower-density suburbs on the outskirts of the urban area. The term middle suburbs is also used, Suburbs, in this sense, can range from areas that seem more like residential areas of a city proper to areas separated by open countryside from the city centre. In large cities such as London, suburbs include formerly separate towns and villages that have been gradually absorbed during a growth and expansion. In the United States and Canada, suburb can refer either to an residential area of a city or town or to a separate municipality or unincorporated area outside a town or city. The earliest appearance of suburbs coincided with the spread of the first urban settlements, large walled towns tended to be the focus around which smaller villages grew up in a symbiotic relationship with the market town. The word suburbani was first used by the Roman statesman Cicero in reference to the large villas, as populations grew during the Early Modern Period in Europe, urban towns swelled with a steady influx of people from the countryside. In some places, nearby settlements were swallowed up as the city expanded. The peripheral areas on the outskirts of the city were generally inhabited by the very poorest, by the mid-19th century, the first major suburban areas were springing up around London as the city became more overcrowded and unsanitary. A major catalyst in suburban growth came from the opening of the Metropolitan Railway in the 1860s, the line joined the capitals financial heart in the City to what were to become the suburbs of Middlesex. Harrow was reached in 1880, and the line extended as far as Verney Junction in Buckinghamshire, more than 50 miles from Baker Street. Unlike other railway companies, which were required to dispose of surplus land, in 1912, it was suggested that a specially formed company should take over from the Surplus Lands Committee and develop suburban estates near the railway. However, World War I delayed these plans and it was only in 1919, with expectation of a housing boom. The term Metro-land was coined by the Mets marketing department in 1915 when the Guide to the Extension Line became the Metro-land guide and this promoted the land served by the Met for the walker, visitor and later the house-hunter
6.
University
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A university is an institution of higher education and research which grants academic degrees in various academic disciplines. Universities typically provide undergraduate education and postgraduate education, the word university is derived from the Latin universitas magistrorum et scholarium, which roughly means community of teachers and scholars. Universities were created in Italy and evolved from Cathedral schools for the clergy during the High Middle Ages, the original Latin word universitas refers in general to a number of persons associated into one body, a society, company, community, guild, corporation, etc. Like other guilds, they were self-regulating and determined the qualifications of their members, an important idea in the definition of a university is the notion of academic freedom. The first documentary evidence of this comes from early in the life of the first university, the University of Bologna adopted an academic charter, the Constitutio Habita, in 1158 or 1155, which guaranteed the right of a traveling scholar to unhindered passage in the interests of education. Today this is claimed as the origin of academic freedom and this is now widely recognised internationally - on 18 September 1988,430 university rectors signed the Magna Charta Universitatum, marking the 900th anniversary of Bolognas foundation. The number of universities signing the Magna Charta Universitatum continues to grow, the university is generally regarded as a formal institution that has its origin in the Medieval Christian setting. The earliest universities were developed under the aegis of the Latin Church by papal bull as studia generalia and it is possible, however, that the development of cathedral schools into universities was quite rare, with the University of Paris being an exception. Later they were founded by Kings or municipal administrations. In the early period, most new universities were founded from pre-existing schools. Many historians state that universities and cathedral schools were a continuation of the interest in learning promoted by monasteries, the first universities in Europe with a form of corporate/guild structure were the University of Bologna, the University of Paris, and the University of Oxford. The students had all the power … and dominated the masters, princes and leaders of city governments perceived the potential benefits of having a scholarly expertise develop with the ability to address difficult problems and achieve desired ends. The emergence of humanism was essential to understanding of the possible utility of universities as well as the revival of interest in knowledge gained from ancient Greek texts. The rediscovery of Aristotles works–more than 3000 pages of it would eventually be translated–fuelled a spirit of inquiry into natural processes that had begun to emerge in the 12th century. Some scholars believe that these represented one of the most important document discoveries in Western intellectual history. Richard Dales, for instance, calls the discovery of Aristotles works a turning point in the history of Western thought and this became the primary mission of lecturers, and the expectation of students. The university culture developed differently in northern Europe than it did in the south, Latin was the language of the university, used for all texts, lectures, disputations and examinations. Professors lectured on the books of Aristotle for logic, natural philosophy, and metaphysics, while Hippocrates, Galen, outside of these commonalities, great differences separated north and south, primarily in subject matter
7.
Baltimore County, Maryland
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Baltimore County is a county in the U. S. state of Maryland. Since 1854, the county seat has been in Towson, Baltimore County is part of the Baltimore metropolitan area and Baltimore-Washington metropolitan area. The county is part of the Northeast Megalopolis stretching from Boston to Washington. As of 2009, the countys workforce totalled 410,100, with 25% employed in the fields of education, health, and human services, 10% in retailing, and less than 1% in agriculture. The county is home to the University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Towson University, Goucher College, in 1674, a proclamation of the Proprietor, established the then extensive boundary lines for old Baltimore County. In 1674, a portion of northeastern Baltimore County, as well as a portion of northwestern Kent County, was split off to create Cecil County. In 1748, a portion of western Baltimore County, as well as a portion of Prince Georges County to the south, were split off to create Frederick County, in 1773, Harford County to the east was split off from Baltimore County. In 1837, another part of western Baltimore County was combined with a part of eastern Frederick County to create Carroll County, the Baltimore County court sessions had been held in private residences before 1674, with a small amount of documentary evidence. Since 1712, the seat had been located in old Joppa, later by 1724, the Assembly authorized Thomas Tolley, Capt. John Taylor, Daniel Scott, Lancelot Todd and John Stokes to purchase 20 acres from a tract named Taylors Choice after John Taylor who also held other parcels in the area. The Ordinance directed that the land be divided into 40 lots with streets and alleys to accompany the courthouse and jail which had already been previously erected. By 1750 there were some 50 houses, a church, courthouse,3 stone warehouses, inns, taverns, stores and these events have been commemorated ever since by Defenders Day on September 12th. A second city-county courthouse constructed in 1805–1809 was moved to the side of the Square at North Calvert. The first county seat of Baltimore County was known today as Old Baltimore and it was located on the Bush River on land that in 1773 became part of Harford County. In 1674, the General Assembly passed An Act for erecting a Court-house, the site of the court house and jail for Baltimore County was evidently Old Baltimore near the Bush River. In 1683, the General Assembly passed An Act for Advancement of Trade to establish towns, ports, one of the towns established by the act in Baltimore County was on Bush River, on Town Land, near the Court-House. The court house on the Bush River referenced in the 1683 Act was in all likelihood the one created by the 1674 Act, Old Baltimore was in existence as early as 1674, but we dont know what if anything happened on the site prior to that year. The exact location of Old Baltimore was lost for years and it was certain that the location was somewhere on the site of the present-day Aberdeen Proving Grounds, a U. S. Army weapons testing facility
8.
Roman Catholic
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The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church or the Universal Church, is the largest Christian church, with more than 1.28 billion members worldwide. As one of the oldest religious institutions in the world, it has played a prominent role in the history, headed by the Bishop of Rome, known as the Pope, the churchs doctrines are summarised in the Nicene Creed and the Apostles Creed. Its central administration is located in Vatican City, enclaved within Rome, the Catholic Church is notable within Western Christianity for its sacred tradition and seven sacraments. It teaches that it is the one church founded by Jesus Christ, that its bishops are the successors of Christs apostles. The Catholic Church maintains that the doctrine on faith and morals that it declares as definitive is infallible. The Latin Church, the Eastern Catholic Churches, as well as such as mendicant orders and enclosed monastic orders. Among the sacraments, the one is the Eucharist, celebrated liturgically in the Mass. The church teaches that through consecration by a priest the sacrificial bread and wine become the body, the Catholic Church practises closed communion, with only baptised members in a state of grace ordinarily permitted to receive the Eucharist. The Virgin Mary is venerated in the Catholic Church as Queen of Heaven and is honoured in numerous Marian devotions. The Catholic Church has influenced Western philosophy, science, art and culture, Catholic spiritual teaching includes spreading the Gospel while Catholic social teaching emphasises support for the sick, the poor and the afflicted through the corporal and spiritual works of mercy. The Catholic Church is the largest non-government provider of education and medical services in the world, from the late 20th century, the Catholic Church has been criticised for its doctrines on sexuality, its refusal to ordain women and its handling of sexual abuse cases. Catholic was first used to describe the church in the early 2nd century, the first known use of the phrase the catholic church occurred in the letter from Saint Ignatius of Antioch to the Smyrnaeans, written about 110 AD. In the Catechetical Discourses of Saint Cyril of Jerusalem, the name Catholic Church was used to distinguish it from other groups that call themselves the church. The use of the adjective Roman to describe the Church as governed especially by the Bishop of Rome became more widespread after the Fall of the Western Roman Empire and into the Early Middle Ages. Catholic Church is the name used in the Catechism of the Catholic Church. The Catholic Church follows an episcopal polity, led by bishops who have received the sacrament of Holy Orders who are given formal jurisdictions of governance within the church. Ultimately leading the entire Catholic Church is the Bishop of Rome, commonly called the pope, in parallel to the diocesan structure are a variety of religious institutes that function autonomously, often subject only to the authority of the pope, though sometimes subject to the local bishop. Most religious institutes only have male or female members but some have both, additionally, lay members aid many liturgical functions during worship services
9.
Julie Billiart
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Saint Julie Billiart was a French religious leader and Christian Saint. Who founded, and was the first Superior General of, the Congregation of the Sisters of Notre Dame de Namur and she was born on 12 July 1751, at Cuvilly, Picardy, Beauvais, Oise, France, the sixth of seven children of Jean-François Billiart and Marie-Louise-Antoinette. By the age of seven, she knew the catechism by heart and her education was confined to the rudiments obtained at the village school kept by her uncle, Thibault Guilbiert. In spiritual things her progress was so rapid that the parish priest, Father Dangicourt, allowed her to make her First Communion and she took a vow of chastity five years later. She was held in high esteem for her virtue and piety, and was commonly called. When twenty-two years old, a shock, occasioned by a pistol-shot fired at her father by an unknown enemy. Within a few years she was confined to her bed, during this time, when she received Holy Communion daily, Julie exercised an uncommon gift of prayer, spending four or five hours a day in contemplation. The Viscountess Blin de Bourdon was 38 years old when she met Julie and she had been imprisoned with all of her family during the Reign of Terror, and had escaped death only by the fall of Robespierre. A small company of friends of the viscountess was formed around the couch of the saint, Billiart taught them how to lead an interior life, while they devoted themselves generously to the causes of God and the poor. Though they attempted all the exercises of a community life, some of the elements of stability were wanting. Several young persons offered themselves to assist the two superiors, Julie and Françoise, the first pupils were eight orphans. On the feast of the Sacred Heart,1 June 1804, Mother Julie, the first vows of religion were made on 15 October 1804 by Billiart, Blin de Bourdon, Victoire Leleu and Justine Garson, and their family names were changed to names of saints. They proposed for their lifework the Christian education of girls, Father Varin gave the community a provisional rule by way of probation, which was so far-sighted that its essentials have never been changed. The characteristic devotions of the Sisters of Notre Dame were established by the foundress from the beginning. She attached great importance to the formation of the sisters destined for the schools, and in this she was assisted by Mother St. Joseph. Joseph was the first superior of the latter house, in the absence of Father Varin from that city, the confessor of the community, the Abbé de Sambucy de St. He so far influenced the Bishop, Msgr, demandolx, that Mother Julie had soon no alternative but to leave the Diocese of Amiens, relying upon the goodwill of Msgr. Pisani de la Gaude, bishop of Namur, who had invited her to make his city the center of her congregation
10.
Lenape
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The Leni Lenape or Lenape, or the Delaware people in older references, are a Native American tribe and, in Canada, a recognized First Nations band government. Subsequently, the Lenape became subjugated and made tributary to first the Susquehannocks, then the Iroquois, iroquoian peoples occasionally fought the Lenape. As the 1700s progressed, many surviving Lenape moved west —into the upper Ohio River basin, during the decades of the 18th century most Lenape were pushed out of their homeland by expanding European colonies, exacerbated by losses from intertribal conflicts. The divisions and troubles of the American Revolutionary War and United States independence pushed them farther west, in the 1860s, the United States government sent most Lenape remaining in the eastern United States to the Indian Territory under the Indian removal policy. In the 21st century, most Lenape now reside in the US state of Oklahoma, with communities living also in Wisconsin, Ontario. Lenape kinship system has matrilineal clans, that is, children belong to their mothers clan, from which they gain social status, the mothers eldest brother was more significant as a mentor to the male children than was their father, who was generally of another clan. Hereditary leadership passed through the line, and women elders could remove leaders of whom they disapproved. Agricultural land was managed by women and allotted according to the needs of their extended families. Families were matrilocal, newlywed couples would live with the brides family, lenni-Lenape comes from their autonym, Lenni, which may mean genuine, pure, real, original, and Lenape, meaning Indian or man. Alternately, lënu may be translated as man, the tribes other name, Delaware, is not of Native American origin. English colonists named the Delaware River for the first governor of the Province of Virginia, Thomas West, 3rd Baron De La Warr, the English then began to call the Lenape the Delaware Indians because of where they lived. Swedes also settled in the area, and early Swedish sources listed the Lenape as the Renappi, traditional Lenape lands, the Lenapehoking, was a large territory that encompassed the Delaware Valley of eastern Pennsylvania. The Swedes and Dutch at New Castle, a Lenâpé-English Dictionary, From An Anonymous In The Archives Of The Moravian Church At Bethlehem. David Zeisbergers History of Northern American Indians, grammar of the Language of the Lenni Lenape or Delaware Indians. The Diary of David Zeisberger, A Moravian Missionary Among the Ohio Indians, the Diary of David Zeisberger, A Moravian Missionary Among the Ohio Indians, Volume 2. Zeisberger’s Indian Dictionary, English, German, Iroquois—The Onondaga and Algonquin—The Delaware, “The Delaware that Zeisberger translated was Munsee, and not Unami. Adams, Richard Calmit, The Delaware Indians, a history, Hope Farm Press Bierhorst. The White Deer and Other Stories Told by the Lenape, ISBN 0-688-12900-5 Brown, James W. and Rita T. Kohn, eds
11.
Interstate 83
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Interstate 83 is an Interstate Highway in the Eastern United States. Its southern terminus is in Baltimore, Maryland at a intersection with Fayette Street, its northern terminus is in Harrisburg. Most of the south of Lemoyne, Pennsylvania is a direct replacement of U. S. Route 111. The Jones Falls Expressway, known to residents as the JFX, is a 10. 2-mile-long freeway that carries I-83 from downtown Baltimore to the northern suburbs. It is the areas true north–south artery, because I-95 runs mostly east–west through much of the city and its southern terminus is at Fayette Street, and its northern terminus is at Maryland Route 25, just north of the Baltimore Beltway. Inside Baltimore, the road is maintained not by the Maryland State Highway Administration, which controls most freeways in the state, but by the citys Department of Transportation. The freeway begins at an at-grade four-way intersection between the Jones Falls Expressway, Fayette Street, and President Street, located in proximity to the Phoenix Shot Tower. President Street continues south along the edge of the central business district to terminate at a traffic circle in Harbor East. Fayette Street serves as a route into the downtown area. Passing beneath the Orleans Street Viaduct, the JFX runs north, between Exits 3 and 4, there is a 90-degree turn that sometimes requires motorists to slow down just before entering it. The curve is located between the Guilford Avenue and Preston Street overpasses, within the curve, the southbound JFX interchanges with MD2. Having passed this curve, the JFX begins to parallel MD25, interchanging with North Avenue before continuing north past Druid Lake, forming the northeastern boundary of Druid Hill Park. Running northwest out of the city center, the JFX is paralleled by its river, the Jones Falls, on one side. Closer to downtown, the rail line peels off in a different direction. After interchanging with Cold Spring Lane and Northern Parkway, the JFX exits Baltimore, at the Beltway, I-83 leaves the JFX and joins I-695 for a distance of 1.4 miles, where it separates from the latter route to continue onward into northern Maryland. Meanwhile, the JFX continues for another 0.5 miles in a four-lane divided format before terminating at an intersection with MD25 Falls Road. I-83 and I-695 split off at the terminus of the Baltimore-Harrisburg Expressway. After separating from the Beltway, I-83 is now known as the Baltimore-Harrisburg Expressway, running due north away from the Beltway, the route parallels MD45 York Road, the former route of US111
12.
Maryland Hunt Cup
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The Maryland Hunt Cup is a Timber race, which is an American Steeplechase. It was first run on May 261894 and won by Johnny Miller,8 horses have won the race three times, no horse has won the race four times. It is considered one of the most difficult races in the world. Fred Winter, a famous English horse trainer who attended Jay Trumps 1966 race, was asked about bringing a horse over for the Maryland Hunt Cup, two undefeated winners, Jay Trump and Ben Nevis II, went on to win the Grand National in England. Both horses are in the Hall of Fame, the Maryland Hunt Cup is four miles long, with twenty two timber fences. Its permanent home is in Worthington Valley, Maryland, the 2013 edition of the race was the 117th running of the Maryland Hunt Cup. The race has run each year since 1894, except for three years during the Second World War,1942 –1945. The 120th running of the race took place on Saturday, April 30,2016, the race is now always run on the last Saturday in April. In the first running of the race, the riders and owners had to come from either of the two hunt clubs, a year later the race was opened up to horses owned and ridden by members of any recognized Hunt Club in Maryland. In 1903 this was expanded to horses owned and ridden by members of any Hunt Club in North America. Nowadays there are no restrictions on where the horse and rider are from, throughout its history, the Maryland Hunt Cup has been limited to amateur jockeys. In the late 1970s women were allowed to ride in the race for the first time, the first female amateur jockey to win the race was Joy Slater on Cancottage in 1981. To prove this was no fluke, Slater and Cancottage repeated in 1982, since then, other female riders to win this race including Blythe Miller and Anne Moran. In 1922, a permanent location for the Maryland Hunt Cup was established, in Worthington Valley, prior to this date, the race was run at a variety of locations. The Maryland Hunt Cup is a race, which is a steeplechase run over solid timber fences. This form of steeplechasing is unique to America, the timber fences mimic the hunt country over which many of these horses are prepared. The Maryland Hunt Cup is part of a series of races run in Maryland in the Spring, which also includes My Ladys Manor. The Maryland Hunt Cup is known for the size of its timber fences, the third fence and sixteenth fence are particularly challenging
13.
Maryland State Department of Education
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Maryland State Department of Education is a division of the state government of Maryland in the United States. The agency oversees public school districts, jack R. Smith served as interim Superintendent of the Department until resigning to accept appointment as Superintendent of the Montgomery County Public Schools in June,2016. Smith was appointed to as interim Superintendent by the State Board of Education following the resignation of Superintendent Lillian M. Lowery in September,2015, Lowery had served as Superintendent since July,2012. C. C. in 1868. Then polytechnical / schools for manual training founded that year of 1883. A second high school for Negroes was established in 1910 and no on the next decade, a new nationally popular lower form of secondary education with junior high schools for lower grades 7,8 and 9, were instituted in 1920. Supplementing the four academic city-wide single sex schools, then were neighborhood comprehensive co-educational high schools opened-1922, Baltimore County was second in the state with the first and only public high school in the newly-purchased old Franklin Academy in Reisterstown as Franklin High School in the 1850s. Followed by secondary schools in the county seat of Towson and this slow growth of public education was later joined by Montgomery and Counties as the Washington, D. C. suburban region began reaching out into surrounding Maryland following World War II. In 2009, the Maryland state public schools system was ranked #1 in the nation, overall, Education Week has ranked Maryland public education #1 in the nation for two years in a row, since 2008. Maryland placed at the top of the list in Education Week’s annual “Quality Counts” tally, the new report found that no other state has a more consistent record of excellence than Maryland. Results for the State were above average in all six of the broad grade categories, according to Newsweek magazine, Maryland public schools rank first in the nation in the percentage of high schools offering—and students taking—college-level courses. The College Board ranked Marylands public schools system, first in the nation amongst students earning a score of three or higher on national AP exams, the state budget for education was $5.5 billion in 2009. The Maryland School Assessment is a test of reading and math meeting NCLB requirements, grades 3-8 are tested in math and reading, and grades 5 and 8 are tested in science. However, Maryland is field testing the Partnership for Assessment of Readiness for College, Maryland plans to end usage of MSA and expand the PARCC Assessment the following year. Maryland State Department of Education Division of Rehabilitation Services Maryland Report Card - MSDE public schools performance and data
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Pikesville, Maryland
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Pikesville is a census-designated place in Baltimore County, Maryland, United States. Pikesville is just northwest of the Baltimore city limits and it is the northwestern suburb closest to Baltimore. The population was 30,764 at the 2010 census, the corridor along Interstate 795, which links Pikesville, Owings Mills and Reisterstown to the Baltimore Beltway, contains one of the larger Jewish populations in Maryland. Pikesville is located at 39°22′45″N 76°42′18″W, according to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 12.4 square miles, of which 32.0 square kilometres is land and 0.03 square miles, or 0. 22%, is water. As of the census of 2010, there were 30,764 people and 13,642 households residing in the CDP, the population density was 2,490.8 people per square mile. The racial makeup of the CDP was 77. 0% White,14. 5% African American,0. 1% Native American,6. 0% Asian,0. 1% Pacific Islander, hispanic or Latino of any race were 2. 7% of the population. 30. 5% of all households were made up of individuals and 14. 9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.25 and the average family size was 2.81. In the CDP, the population was out with 19. 7% under the age of 18,5. 3% from 18 to 24,24. 4% from 25 to 44,27. 0% from 45 to 64. The median age was 45 years, for every 100 females there were 86.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 81.0 males, the median income for a household in the CDP was $58,598, and the median income for a family was $78,002. Males had an income of $52,079 versus $37,179 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $41,035, about 5. 0% of families and 6. 9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 4. 4% of those under age 18 and 11. 5% of those age 65 or over. In 2000,19. 3% of Pikesville residents identified as being of Russian heritage, virtually all of them are Ashkenazi Jews whose ancestors immigrated from the Russian Empire. In 2000,3. 7% of Pikesville residents identified as being of Ukrainian American heritage and this was the highest percentage of Ukrainians Americans of any place in Maryland. 2% of the city were descended from Eastern European countries other than Russia, the majority of them are of Ashkenazi Jewish ancestry. 8% of Pikesvilles residents were German, 7% Polish, 4% Irish, 3% English, after World War II, the Jewish community started to move outside of Baltimore City into Pikesville which was a sleepy outpost on a major road that led to Western Maryland. During the Vietnam War, and exacerbated by riots in 1968, Pikesville have been considered the center of the Baltimore areas Jewish community since the mid nineteen fifties. Many of the regions largest and most established synagogues and Jewish schools are located in or near Pikesville, Pikesville was named after the American soldier and explorer Zebulon Pike
