1.
Milton Keynes
–
Milton Keynes, locally abbreviated to MK, is a large town in Buckinghamshire, England. It is the centre of the Borough of Milton Keynes and was formally designated as a new town on 23 January 1967. It is located about 45 miles north-west of London, at designation, its 89 km2 area incorporated the existing towns of Bletchley, Wolverton, and Stony Stratford, along with another fifteen villages and farmland in between. It took its name from the village of Milton Keynes. In the 1960s, the British government decided that a generation of new towns in the south-east of England was needed to relieve housing congestion in London. Since the 1950s, overspill housing for several London boroughs had been constructed in Bletchley, further studies in the 1960s identified north Buckinghamshire as a possible site for a large new town, a new city, encompassing the existing towns of Bletchley, Stony Stratford and Wolverton. The New Town was to be the biggest yet, with a population of 250,000. The name Milton Keynes was taken from the village of Milton Keynes on the site. On 23 January 1967 when the new town designation order was made. Planning control was taken from elected local authorities and delegated to the Milton Keynes Development Corporation, the Corporations strongly modernist designs featured regularly in the magazines Architectural Design and the Architects Journal. MKDC was determined to learn from the mistakes made in the earlier New Towns and they set in place the characteristic grid roads that run between districts, as well as the intensive planting, lakes and parkland that are so evident today. While still on the board, planners noticed that the main streets near the proposed city centre would almost frame the rising sun on Midsummers Day. CMK was not intended to be a town centre but a central business. This non-hierarchical devolved city plan was a departure from the English New Towns tradition and envisaged a range of industry. The largest and almost the last of the British New Towns, Milton Keynes has stood the test of time far better than most, and has proved flexible and adaptable. The radical grid plan was inspired by the work of Californian urban theorist Melvin M. Webber, described by the architect of Milton Keynes, Derek Walker. From 2004 to 2011 a Government quango, the Milton Keynes Partnership, had development control powers to accelerate the growth of Milton Keynes. Along with many towns and boroughs, Milton Keynes competed for formal city status in the 2000,2002 and 2012 competitions
Milton Keynes
–
Top to bottom, left to right: The
Xscape and
Theatre seen from
Campbell Park, former railway works and new housing in
Wolverton,
Milton Keynes Central railway station, the
Central Milton Keynes skyline, The Church of Christ the Cornerstone and
Bletchley 's high street "Queensway".
Milton Keynes
–
Reproductions of the
Milton Keynes Hoard (
Milton Keynes Museum)
Milton Keynes
–
The Hub:MK, built between 2006 and 2008. The taller glass tower, Manhattan House, has fourteen stories.
Milton Keynes
–
Caldecotte Lake, Milton Keynes
2.
Jackie Stewart
–
Sir John Young Jackie Stewart, OBE is a British former Formula One racing driver from Scotland. Nicknamed the Flying Scot, he competed in Formula One between 1965 and 1973, winning three World Drivers Championships, and twice runner-up, over nine seasons. In the United States, he worked as a commentator on television broadcasts at the Indianapolis 500, Daytona 500. He has also been a spokesman for Ford, Rolex and Moët, between 1997 and 1999, in partnership with his son, Paul, he was team principal of the Stewart Grand Prix Formula One racing team. Stewart was born in Milton, West Dunbartonshire, Scotland, a village 15 miles west of Glasgow, Stewarts family were Austin, later Jaguar, car dealers and had built up a successful business. Jackie attended Hartfield primary school in the town of Dumbarton. Stewart was unable to continue his education past the age of 16. He was not actually diagnosed with dyslexia until 1980, when his oldest son Mark was diagnosed with the condition. He has said, When youve got dyslexia and you find something youre good at, you put more into it than anyone else, you cant think the way of the clever folk, so youre always thinking out of the box. At the age of 13 he had won a clay pigeon shooting competition and then went on to become a member of the Scottish shooting team, competing in the United Kingdom. He won the British, Irish, Welsh and Scottish skeet shooting championships and he competed for a place in the British trap shooting team for the 1960 Summer Olympics, but finished third behind Joseph Wheater and Brett Huthart. He took up an offer from Barry Filer, a customer of his family business, for 1961, Filer provided a Marcos, in which Stewart scored four wins, and competed once in Filers Aston DB4GT. In 1962, to if he was ready to become a professional driver, tested a Jaguar E-type at Oulton Park. He won two races, his first in England, in the E-type, and David Murray of Ecurie Ecosse offered him a ride in the Tojeiro EE Mk2, then their Cooper T49, in which he won at Goodwood. For 1963, he earned fourteen wins, a second, in 1964, he again signed with Ecurie Ecosse. Jackie came down for the test at Goodwood, taking over a new, soon Stewart was bettering McLarens times, causing McLaren to return to the track for some quicker laps. Again, Stewart was quicker, and Tyrrell offered Stewart a spot on the team, in 1964 he drove in Formula Three for Tyrrell. His debut, in the wet at Snetterton on 15 March, was dominant, within days, he was offered a Formula One ride with Cooper, but declined, preferring to gain experience under Tyrrell, he failed to win just two races in becoming F3 champion
Jackie Stewart
–
Stewart at the
2014 6 Hours of Silverstone
Jackie Stewart
–
Stewart at the
1969 Dutch Grand Prix.
Jackie Stewart
–
Stewart in 1969 with the Matra-Cosworth at the
Nürburgring.
Jackie Stewart
–
Stewart in the Tyrrell entered
March 701 at the
1970 Dutch Grand Prix.
3.
Paul Stewart (racing driver)
–
Paul Stewart is a former racing driver and the son of three-times Formula One World Champion Jackie Stewart. Stewart competed in Formula Ford 2000 in 1988, the British Formula 3 Championship from 1989 to 1990 and in Formula 3000 from 1991 to 1993, during the period, he was a teammate of Marco Apicella in 1991, David Coulthard in 1992 and Gil de Ferran in 1993. De Ferran won the first victory for the team in 1993, thereafter, Stewart gave up his career as a driver and decided to concentrate on his role as team manager from 1994. The team won eight championships in F3,1992 to 1994. In 1996, he and Jackie formed Stewart Grand Prix, which competed in Formula One from 1997 to 1999, at the end of 1999, Ford purchased the team, which became Jaguar Racing from 2000 and subsequently Red Bull Racing in 2005. He is now seen in the F1 paddock. Stewart married his wife Victoria in 1993 and has four sons, in September 1999, Stewart was diganosed with Ulcerative colitis. A second colonoscopy in January 2000, did not detect cancerous cells, further problems arose after Stewart was diganosed with bowel cancer in April 2000. Upon hearing the news, he stepped down as Chief Operating Officer for Jaguar Racing, a CAT scan showed no signs of cancer returning. List of people diagnosed with ulcerative colitis Profile, Grandprix. com
Paul Stewart (racing driver)
–
Ralph Firman driving for Paul Stewart Racing at
Silverstone during the 1995
British Formula 3 Championship season.
4.
Brazil
–
Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. As the worlds fifth-largest country by area and population, it is the largest country to have Portuguese as an official language. Its Amazon River basin includes a vast tropical forest, home to wildlife, a variety of ecological systems. This unique environmental heritage makes Brazil one of 17 megadiverse countries, Brazil was inhabited by numerous tribal nations prior to the landing in 1500 of explorer Pedro Álvares Cabral, who claimed the area for the Portuguese Empire. Brazil remained a Portuguese colony until 1808, when the capital of the empire was transferred from Lisbon to Rio de Janeiro, in 1815, the colony was elevated to the rank of kingdom upon the formation of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves. Independence was achieved in 1822 with the creation of the Empire of Brazil, a state governed under a constitutional monarchy. The ratification of the first constitution in 1824 led to the formation of a bicameral legislature, the country became a presidential republic in 1889 following a military coup détat. An authoritarian military junta came to power in 1964 and ruled until 1985, Brazils current constitution, formulated in 1988, defines it as a democratic federal republic. The federation is composed of the union of the Federal District, the 26 states, Brazils economy is the worlds ninth-largest by nominal GDP and seventh-largest by GDP as of 2015. A member of the BRICS group, Brazil until 2010 had one of the worlds fastest growing economies, with its economic reforms giving the country new international recognition. Brazils national development bank plays an important role for the economic growth. Brazil is a member of the United Nations, the G20, BRICS, Unasul, Mercosul, Organization of American States, Organization of Ibero-American States, CPLP. Brazil is a power in Latin America and a middle power in international affairs. One of the worlds major breadbaskets, Brazil has been the largest producer of coffee for the last 150 years and it is likely that the word Brazil comes from the Portuguese word for brazilwood, a tree that once grew plentifully along the Brazilian coast. In Portuguese, brazilwood is called pau-brasil, with the word brasil commonly given the etymology red like an ember, formed from Latin brasa and the suffix -il. As brazilwood produces a red dye, it was highly valued by the European cloth industry and was the earliest commercially exploited product from Brazil. The popular appellation eclipsed and eventually supplanted the official Portuguese name, early sailors sometimes also called it the Land of Parrots. In the Guarani language, a language of Paraguay, Brazil is called Pindorama
Brazil
–
Megaliths in the
Solstice Archaeological Park, in
Amapá, erected between 500 and 2000 years ago, probably to carry out
astronomical observations.
Brazil
–
Flag
Brazil
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Representation of the landing of
Pedro Álvares Cabral in
Porto Seguro, 1500.
Brazil
–
Painting showing the arrest of
Tiradentes; he was sentenced to death for his involvement in the best known
movement for independence in Colonial Brazil.
5.
Rubens Barrichello
–
Rubens Rubinho Gonçalves Barrichello is a Brazilian racing driver who competed in Formula One between 1993 and 2011. After losing his seat at the Williams F1 team, Barrichello moved to the IndyCar Series in 2012 with KV Racing Technology, Barrichello holds the record for most races in Formula One and has scored the eleventh highest points total in Formula One history. Barrichello drove for Ferrari from 2000 to 2005, as Michael Schumachers teammate and he also finished third in 2001 and 2009. During his six years with Ferrari, Barrichello was involved in winning five constructors titles, at the end of 2005 Barrichello left Ferrari to sign a contract with Honda. Schumachers retirement at the end of 2006 made Barrichello the most experienced driver on the grid, in 2009, he finished third in the drivers championship for Brawn GP, as his team mate Jenson Button won the title. This meant Barrichello was involved in a sixth constructors title and he became the first driver to reach 300 Grand Prix entries and 300 starts, doing so in 2010. He was also appointed chairman of the Grand Prix Drivers Association in 2010, in 2013 he started covering F1 race weekends for Brazils TV Globo, interviewing drivers and team members on the grid and commentating during qualifying and race coverages. Barrichello has won eleven Formula One Grands Prix, the paternal side of his family comes from Veneto, Italy. Both his father and paternal grandfather are also named Rubens, therefore, Rubens Barrichello was known as Rubinho, which has become his nickname. Barrichello won five karting titles in Brazil before going to Europe to race in the Formula Vauxhall Lotus series in 1990, in his first year, he won the championship, a feat he replicated the following year in the British Formula 3 Championship, beating David Coulthard. He very nearly joined Formula One, the highest category of single seater racing, instead he competed in Formula 3000 in 1992. He finished third in the championship, and joined the Jordan Formula One team for the 1993 Formula One season, during this time, and also early in his Formula One career, Barrichello lived in Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK. Barrichello had a rookie year. In his third race, the European Grand Prix, he started from 12th place in wet conditions but was fourth by the end of the first lap. He ran as high as second and was running third, having passed the Williams of Damon Hill and Alain Prost and his Jordans reliability in 1993 was poor, and he finished few races. Barrichello regularly outpaced his more experienced teammates, Ivan Capelli and Thierry Boutsen, in the French Grand Prix, he almost scored his first grand prix point but Michael Andretti passed Barrichello for the sixth and final point-paying position on the final lap. His only points finish of the season came at the Japanese Grand Prix with fifth place and these 2 points put him in 18th place in the standings. 1994 started well with a place in Brazil and a third place at Aida
Rubens Barrichello
–
Barrichello at the
2010 Malaysian Grand Prix
Rubens Barrichello
–
Barrichello driving for
Jordan at the
1995 British Grand Prix
Rubens Barrichello
–
Barrichello at the
1997 Canadian Grand Prix
Rubens Barrichello
–
Barrichello in his Ferrari at the
2002 United States Grand Prix
6.
United Kingdom
–
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom or Britain, is a sovereign country in western Europe. Lying off the north-western coast of the European mainland, the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain, Northern Ireland is the only part of the United Kingdom that shares a land border with another sovereign state—the Republic of Ireland. The Irish Sea lies between Great Britain and Ireland, with an area of 242,500 square kilometres, the United Kingdom is the 78th-largest sovereign state in the world and the 11th-largest in Europe. It is also the 21st-most populous country, with an estimated 65.1 million inhabitants, together, this makes it the fourth-most densely populated country in the European Union. The United Kingdom is a monarchy with a parliamentary system of governance. The monarch is Queen Elizabeth II, who has reigned since 6 February 1952, other major urban areas in the United Kingdom include the regions of Birmingham, Leeds, Glasgow, Liverpool and Manchester. The United Kingdom consists of four countries—England, Scotland, Wales, the last three have devolved administrations, each with varying powers, based in their capitals, Edinburgh, Cardiff and Belfast, respectively. The relationships among the countries of the UK have changed over time, Wales was annexed by the Kingdom of England under the Laws in Wales Acts 1535 and 1542. A treaty between England and Scotland resulted in 1707 in a unified Kingdom of Great Britain, which merged in 1801 with the Kingdom of Ireland to form the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Five-sixths of Ireland seceded from the UK in 1922, leaving the present formulation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain, there are fourteen British Overseas Territories. These are the remnants of the British Empire which, at its height in the 1920s, British influence can be observed in the language, culture and legal systems of many of its former colonies. The United Kingdom is a country and has the worlds fifth-largest economy by nominal GDP. The UK is considered to have an economy and is categorised as very high in the Human Development Index. It was the worlds first industrialised country and the worlds foremost power during the 19th, the UK remains a great power with considerable economic, cultural, military, scientific and political influence internationally. It is a nuclear weapons state and its military expenditure ranks fourth or fifth in the world. The UK has been a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council since its first session in 1946 and it has been a leading member state of the EU and its predecessor, the European Economic Community, since 1973. However, on 23 June 2016, a referendum on the UKs membership of the EU resulted in a decision to leave. The Acts of Union 1800 united the Kingdom of Great Britain, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland have devolved self-government
United Kingdom
–
Stonehenge, in
Wiltshire, was erected around 2500 BC.
United Kingdom
–
Flag
United Kingdom
–
The
Bayeux Tapestry depicts the
Battle of Hastings, 1066, and the events leading to it.
United Kingdom
–
The
Treaty of Union led to a single united kingdom encompassing all Great Britain.
7.
Johnny Herbert
–
John Paul Johnny Herbert is a British racing driver. He raced in Formula One from 1989 to 2000, for 7 different teams and he also raced sports cars winning the Le Mans 24 Hours in 1991 driving a Mazda 787B. He enjoyed much success in motor racing. During the mid-1980s, Herbert was widely regarded as a man of motor racing. Winning the Formula Ford Festival at Brands Hatch in 1985, Herbert caught Eddie Jordans attention, Herberts team mate, the highly rated Italian Alessandro Nannini, finished in 6th place,7.7 seconds behind Herbert. Herbert returned to Formula 3000, this time in the highly regarded Japanese series and it wasnt long before he received another call from Formula One racing, this time with Tyrrell. From 1990 to 2000, Herbert was a fixture in Formula One, switching to the dwindling Lotus team, during 1991, he also drove two rounds of the Fuji Long Distance Sports Car Series, co-driving a Mazda 787B, finishing fourth both times. His decision, at the July round, to stop his car and aid a fellow competitor, after 3 years of frustration, Herbert left Lotus in mid-1994, joining Ligier and then Benetton for the last few races of the season. Although he failed to any points in 1994, he was retained as Michael Schumachers team-mate for 1995. At the British Grand Prix, he inherited a hugely popular Grand Prix win after Damon Hill and he followed this in similar circumstances at Monza, finishing 4th in the championship. After being dropped by Benetton, Herbert drove for Swiss team Sauber in 1996–1998, since retiring from Formula One racing, Herbert has concentrated on Sports Cars, trying to repeat his Le Mans 24 Hours overall win of 1991. Recent years have seen him as one of the front runners in the American Le Mans Series, in 2004, Herbert, along with Jamie Davies won the Le Mans Series championship at the wheel of an Audi R8 winning the races at Monza and Spa along the way. In 2005, Herbert was appointed to the post of Sporting Relations Manager at Jordan Grand Prix, however, in September of that year Spyker Cars bought the team, and renamed it Spyker MF1. Another of the new owners decisions was to not renew Herberts contract, in 2007, Herbert entered the Le Mans 24 Hours driving for the factory Aston Martin team at the wheel of the Aston Martin DBR9 in the GT1 class. Herbert, along with Peter Kox and Tomáš Enge drove the 007 numbered car to a 9th placed overall finish, in 2008, Herbert won the first season of the Speedcar Series. In 2009, Herbert made his debut in the British Touring Car Championship for Team Dynamics at the wheel of a Honda Civic at round eight of the championship and he qualified 17th for the first race, and after moving up the order, finished in 13th. In the second race, he finished inside the points in eighth place, in the final race of the day, a reverse starting grid is operated. The first six, seven, eight, nine or ten cars to race two, start race three in reverse order
Johnny Herbert
–
Herbert at the 2014
Goodwood Festival of Speed.
Johnny Herbert
–
Herbert was among the drivers who drove this
Mazda 787B to victory at the
1991 24 Hours of Le Mans.
Johnny Herbert
–
Herbert driving for
Lotus at the
1994 British Grand Prix. He finished eleventh.
Johnny Herbert
–
Herbert moved to
Benetton for
1995 and took his first Formula One victory at the
1995 British Grand Prix.
8.
Denmark
–
Denmark, officially the Kingdom of Denmark, is a Scandinavian country in Europe and a sovereign state. The southernmost and smallest of the Nordic countries, it is south-west of Sweden and south of Norway, Denmark also comprises two autonomous constituent countries in the North Atlantic Ocean, the Faroe Islands and Greenland. Denmark has an area of 42,924 square kilometres. The country consists of a peninsula, Jutland, and an archipelago of 443 named islands, with the largest being Zealand, the islands are characterised by flat, arable land and sandy coasts, low elevation and a temperate climate. The unified kingdom of Denmark emerged in the 10th century as a proficient seafaring nation in the struggle for control of the Baltic Sea, Denmark, Sweden and Norway were ruled together under the Kalmar Union, established in 1397 and ending with Swedish secession in 1523. Denmark and Norway remained under the monarch until outside forces dissolved the union in 1814. The union with Norway made it possible for Denmark to inherit the Faroe Islands, Iceland, beginning in the 17th century, there were several cessions of territory to Sweden. In the 19th century there was a surge of nationalist movements, Denmark remained neutral during World War I. In April 1940, a German invasion saw brief military skirmishes while the Danish resistance movement was active from 1943 until the German surrender in May 1945, the Constitution of Denmark was signed on 5 June 1849, ending the absolute monarchy which had begun in 1660. It establishes a constitutional monarchy organised as a parliamentary democracy, the government and national parliament are seated in Copenhagen, the nations capital, largest city and main commercial centre. Denmark exercises hegemonic influence in the Danish Realm, devolving powers to handle internal affairs, Home rule was established in the Faroe Islands in 1948, in Greenland home rule was established in 1979 and further autonomy in 2009. Denmark became a member of the European Economic Community in 1973, maintaining certain opt-outs, it retains its own currency, the krone. It is among the members of NATO, the Nordic Council, the OECD, OSCE. The etymology of the word Denmark, and especially the relationship between Danes and Denmark and the unifying of Denmark as a kingdom, is a subject which attracts debate. This is centred primarily on the prefix Dan and whether it refers to the Dani or a historical person Dan and the exact meaning of the -mark ending. Most handbooks derive the first part of the word, and the name of the people, from a word meaning land, related to German Tenne threshing floor. The -mark is believed to mean woodland or borderland, with references to the border forests in south Schleswig. The first recorded use of the word Danmark within Denmark itself is found on the two Jelling stones, which are believed to have been erected by Gorm the Old and Harald Bluetooth
Denmark
–
The gilded side of the
Trundholm sun chariot dating from the Nordic Bronze Age.
Denmark
–
Flag
Denmark
–
The
Ladby ship, the largest ship burial found in Denmark.
Denmark
–
Larger of the two Jelling stones, raised by
Harald Bluetooth.
9.
Jan Magnussen
–
Jan Ellegaard Magnussen is a Danish professional racing driver and a factory driver for General Motors. He has competed in several of the most prestigious events in motor sport including CART, NASCAR, the FIA Formula One World Championship and the 24 Hours of Le Mans. Born in Roskilde, Magnussen dominated the 1994 British Formula 3 championship with Paul Stewart Racing, winning 14 of the 18 events, Magnussen scored his first British F3 win that April at Donington Park, also taking pole for the race. He also won at Brands Hatch, twice at Silverstone, and he won six of the first eight races. He then won again at Donington Park, and both season-ending rounds at Silverstone and he made his Formula One debut at the 1995 Pacific Grand Prix in Aida, sitting in for Mika Häkkinen, who was unwell. In 1996 Magnussen drove in the CART series and International Touring Car Championship, for 1997–1998 he had a seat in Formula One with the newly founded Stewart Grand Prix team, owned in part by his old F3 boss Paul Stewart. Team founder Jackie Stewart once described him as, the most talented young driver to emerge since Ayrton Senna and he scored his only championship point in his last race in F1, the 1998 Canadian Grand Prix, for the rest of the season he was replaced by Jos Verstappen. Magnussen started 24 GPs, one less than he entered, because his car was damaged in an accident during the start of the 1997 Brazilian Grand Prix causing him to retire before the restart, in 1999 he participated in 7 CART races. In 1999 and 2000 he raced in the American Le Mans Series with Panoz,2001 he drove a Peugeot in Danish Touring Car series and raced in 8 ALMS races. 2002 he also raced for Peugeot in DTC and in 10 ALMS races, Jan Magnussen won the 2008 GT1 and 2013 GT Drivers championships, both with Corvette Racing. Magnussen has participated in classes in the 24 hours of Le Mans every year since 1999. Also, Magnussen has participated in the 12 Hours of Sebring every year since 1999, winning the GT1 class in 2006,2008, in 2005, Magnussen drove a Toyota Corolla in the Danish Touring Car Championship. In the Danish Touring Car series he drives a Chevrolet Lacetti for Perfection Racing and he has won the DTC on two occasions in 2003 and 2008. On 11 June 2010, it was announced that Magnussen would make his NASCAR Sprint Cup Series debut driving the No.09 HendrickCars. com Chevrolet for Phoenix Racing at Infineon Raceway, after starting 32nd on the grid, he finished in 12th position. Magnussen drove the No.57 Stevenson Motorsports Chevrolet Camaro with Robin Liddell and Andrew Davis in the 2010 GRAND-AM Rolex Sports Car Series season opener, the Rolex 24 at Daytona. Following the Rolex 24, he moved to the teams No.97 car, Magnussen finished 24th in GT points and his best finish was second with four top-10s. Magnussens eldest son, Kevin Magnussen is also a racing driver, Kevin mentioned that his father was his first hero when he was a child. † Driver did not finish the Grand Prix, but was classified as he had completed over 90% of the race distance, † – Did not finish the race, but was classified as he completed over 90% of the race distance
Jan Magnussen
–
Magnussen, January 2009
Jan Magnussen
–
2011 Rolex Sports Car
10.
Netherlands
–
The Netherlands is the main constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. It is a densely populated country located in Western Europe with three territories in the Caribbean. The European part of the Netherlands borders Germany to the east, Belgium to the south, and the North Sea to the northwest, sharing borders with Belgium, the United Kingdom. The three largest cities in the Netherlands are Amsterdam, Rotterdam and The Hague, Amsterdam is the countrys capital, while The Hague holds the Dutch seat of parliament and government. The port of Rotterdam is the worlds largest port outside East-Asia, the name Holland is used informally to refer to the whole of the country of the Netherlands. Netherlands literally means lower countries, influenced by its low land and flat geography, most of the areas below sea level are artificial. Since the late 16th century, large areas have been reclaimed from the sea and lakes, with a population density of 412 people per km2 –507 if water is excluded – the Netherlands is classified as a very densely populated country. Only Bangladesh, South Korea, and Taiwan have both a population and higher population density. Nevertheless, the Netherlands is the worlds second-largest exporter of food and agricultural products and this is partly due to the fertility of the soil and the mild climate. In 2001, it became the worlds first country to legalise same-sex marriage, the Netherlands is a founding member of the EU, Eurozone, G-10, NATO, OECD and WTO, as well as being a part of the Schengen Area and the trilateral Benelux Union. The first four are situated in The Hague, as is the EUs criminal intelligence agency Europol and this has led to the city being dubbed the worlds legal capital. The country also ranks second highest in the worlds 2016 Press Freedom Index, the Netherlands has a market-based mixed economy, ranking 17th of 177 countries according to the Index of Economic Freedom. It had the thirteenth-highest per capita income in the world in 2013 according to the International Monetary Fund, in 2013, the United Nations World Happiness Report ranked the Netherlands as the seventh-happiest country in the world, reflecting its high quality of life. The Netherlands also ranks joint second highest in the Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index, the region called Low Countries and the country of the Netherlands have the same toponymy. Place names with Neder, Nieder, Nether and Nedre and Bas or Inferior are in use in all over Europe. They are sometimes used in a relation to a higher ground that consecutively is indicated as Upper, Boven, Oben. In the case of the Low Countries / the Netherlands the geographical location of the region has been more or less downstream. The geographical location of the region, however, changed over time tremendously
Netherlands
–
The Netherlands in 5500 BC
Netherlands
–
Flag
Netherlands
–
The Netherlands in 500 BC
Netherlands
–
An oak figurine found in
Willemstad, North Brabant (4500 BC).
11.
Jos Verstappen
–
Johannes Franciscus Jos Verstappen is a Dutch racing driver. Jos Verstappen has won races in A1 Grand Prix and Le Mans Series LMP2 races, prior to his F1 début in 1994, he was also the German Formula Three champion and Masters of Formula Three winner in 1993. Verstappen began karting at the age of 8, and was participating in competitions not long after. In 1984 he became Dutch junior champion and he remained successful, and won two European titles. At the end of 1991 he made the transition to car racing and he drove in Formula Opel Lotus, a class in which identical cars compete against each other. During that European winter season, he raced in New Zealand Formula Atlantic, subsequently, in German Formula Three, he won several international competitions, including the 1993 Marlboro Masters and the German Formula 3 championship. Verstappen first drove a Formula One car when he tested for the Footwork Arrows team alongside Gil de Ferran and Christian Fittipaldi at the Estoril circuit in Portugal. The test took place on September 28,1993, two days after the Portuguese Grand Prix was held at the same circuit. Despite the large increase in power, Verstappen set a time that would have qualified him in the race on his fourth timed lap. He tested again on September 30 and was lapping near his existing record after five laps, after the test, Verstappen was contacted by every Formula One team except Ferrari and Williams, and was eventually signed as the Benetton teams test driver for the 1994 season. During the race he collided with Eddie Irvine, which triggered a multiple accident also involving Éric Bernard, Verstappens car somersaulted, but he emerged unharmed. At the Pacific Grand Prix Verstappen ran 6th but spun off on cold tyres immediately after a pit stop, One of the most dramatic incidents affected Verstappen at the German Grand Prix. During his first scheduled pitstop during the race, fuel leaked onto the car after the fuel hose was disconnected, the car, with Verstappen in it, was engulfed in flames for several seconds. As was usual at the time, Verstappen had slightly opened the visor of his helmet for the pit stop, after this incident the fuel delivery hose was modified to incorporate a fail-safe cut-out system. He took another third place at the Belgian Grand Prix due to Schumachers post-race disqualification from victory, due to this accident, this equipment is now protected from the race track by acrylic glass. For the last two races of the season, Verstappen was replaced by the more experienced Johnny Herbert in a bid to win the Constructors Championship for Benetton, the team was unsuccessful in this aim and the prize went to the rival Williams team. In 1995 he was loaned to Simtek by Benetton team principal Flavio Briatore, despite some strong showings Verstappen only finished once in the five races he drove for the team due to technical difficulties. The team had financial troubles and went bankrupt after the Monaco Grand Prix
Jos Verstappen
–
Verstappen at an
A1 Grand Prix test in 2005
Jos Verstappen
–
Jos Verstappen driving the
Benetton B194 at the
1994 British Grand Prix.
Jos Verstappen
–
Verstappen testing for the
Arrows team at the
Monza circuit in 2000.
Jos Verstappen
–
Verstappen driving for
A1 Team Netherlands.
12.
Jaguar Racing
–
Jaguar Racing is the name given to Jaguars racing interests. It made its Formula E debut ahead of the 2016–17 Formula E season and it was previously a Formula One constructor that competed in the FIA Formula One World Championship from 2000 to 2004. It was formed from the purchase by Ford of Jackie Stewarts Stewart Grand Prix Formula One team in June 1999, Ford renamed the team Jaguar Racing as part of its global marketing operations to promote their Jaguar premium car company. Despite this branding, they continued to use Cosworth engines in the cars, the team in 2000 was managed by Wolfgang Reitzle, who was then head of Fords Premier Automotive Group. The extra funding and publicity brought by becoming Fords own team were obvious from the first race of the year, Reitzle stepped down and was replaced by American racing champion and successful team owner Bobby Rahal for 2001. Results did not improve in 2001, and appointment of three-time FIA F1 World Champion Niki Lauda in the middle of the year did not help team morale, with the team sliding further back in the field. An abortive attempt to bring McLarens ex-technical director Adrian Newey to Jaguar further destabilised the team,2002 was even worse under Laudas stewardship, with only a resurgence later in the year in terms of results. Fords board of directors were beginning to have issues with the costs and benefits of running the team in Formula One. Lauda and 70 other staff were made redundant, and a 2-year timeframe was given to show possible benefits,2003 saw an improvement of form for the team, directed by John Hogan, as it benefited from good management and a more efficient usage of resources. 2004 saw a stabilisation of results, but the team was unable to challenge for points on a consistent basis, Jaguars Formula One parent company, Ford, issued a polite ultimatum as part of a reduction in sport involvement internationally. In particular, because Jaguar did not advertise the core Ford brand, there was little return of value from the amount of money invested. Ford chose to sell the operation near the end of 2004 despite a more consistent showing in its previous two years, in mid-November 2004, energy drink company Red Bull confirmed that they had purchased the Jaguar Formula One team from Ford as an ongoing outfit. The new team, named Red Bull Racing, used the chassis, for the 2004 Monaco Grand Prix, Jaguars cars were fitted with newly designed nose cones to promote the film Oceans Twelve. Steinmetz Group diamonds worth in excess of $250,000 USD were attached to the nose of each car, carroll and Evans were subsequently signed to the team and Panasonic was named as the teams main sponsor. Swiss-based racing outfit Emil Frey Racing currently fields two Jaguar XK G3s in the Blancpain GT Series, more specifically the Endurance Cup, the car is an in-house development by Emil Frey Racing, with approval from Jaguar, that conforms to full FIA GT3 regulations. Notes † – Driver did not finish the Grand Prix, but was classified as they completed over 90% of the race distance, notes * – Season still in progress. Jaguar Cars Jaguar Racing Official website
Jaguar Racing
–
Pedro de la Rosa driving for Jaguar at the
2001 Canadian Grand Prix.
Jaguar Racing
–
The
Jaguar R3 being driven by
Eddie Irvine in 2002.
Jaguar Racing
–
The
Jaguar R5 being driven by
Mark Webber in 2004 - the team's last season in
F1.
13.
Formula One
–
Formula One is the highest class of single-seat auto racing that is sanctioned by the Fédération Internationale de lAutomobile. The FIA Formula One World Championship has been the form of racing since the inaugural season in 1950. The formula, designated in the name, refers to a set of rules, the F1 season consists of a series of races, known as Grands Prix, held worldwide on purpose-built F1 circuits and public roads. The results of each race are evaluated using a system to determine two annual World Championships, one for drivers, one for constructors. The racing drivers are required to be holders of valid Super Licences, the races are required to be held on tracks graded 1, the highest grade a track can receive by the FIA. Most events are held in locations on purpose-built tracks, but there are several events in city centres throughout the world. Formula One cars are the fastest road racing cars in the world. Formula One cars race at speeds of up to approximately 375 km/h with engines currently limited in performance to a maximum of 15,000 RPM, the cars are capable of lateral acceleration in excess of five g in corners. The performance of the cars is very dependent on electronics – although traction control and other driving aids have been banned since 2008 – and on aerodynamics, suspension, the formula has radically evolved and changed through the history of the sport. F1 had a global television audience of 425 million people during the course of the 2014 season. Grand Prix racing began in 1906 and became the most popular internationally in the second half of the twentieth century. The Formula One Group is the holder of the commercial rights. Its high profile and popularity have created a major merchandising environment, since 2000 the sports spiraling expenditures and the distribution of prize money favoring established top teams have forced complaints from smaller teams and led several teams to bankruptcy. On 23 January 2017 it was confirmed that Liberty Media had completed its $8 billion acquisition of Delta Topco, the Formula One series originated with the European Grand Prix Motor Racing of the 1920s and 1930s. The formula is a set of rules that all cars must meet. Formula One was a new formula agreed upon after World War II during 1946, the first world championship race was held at Silverstone, United Kingdom in 1950. A championship for constructors followed in 1958, national championships existed in South Africa and the UK in the 1960s and 1970s. Non-championship Formula One events were held for years, but due to the increasing cost of competition
Formula One
–
Juan Manuel Fangio 's
1951 title-winning
Alfa Romeo 159
Formula One
–
Formula One
Formula One
–
Stirling Moss 's
Lotus 18 at the
Nürburgring during
1961
Formula One
–
Nigel Mansell 's
Williams FW10 from
1985
14.
1997 Australian Grand Prix
–
The 1997 Australian Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held on 9 March 1997 at the Melbourne Grand Prix Circuit in Albert Park, Melbourne. It was the first race of the 1997 Formula One season and it was the second Grand Prix to be hosted in Melbourne. The 58-lap race was won by McLaren driver David Coulthard after starting from fourth position, Michael Schumacher finished second for the Ferrari and Coulthards teammate Mika Häkkinen was third. Nicola Larini scored his last ever world championship points at this race, two new teams came into Formula One in 1997, Stewart and Lola. Footwork reverted to their old name of Arrows and acquired Yamaha engines, while Ligier were bought by Alain Prost and changed their name to Prost Grand Prix. The change that dominated the line up was Damon Hills surprise sacking from Williams having just won the World Championship to join Tom Walkinshaw. In the week up to the race, there were rumours of Hill having left Arrows due to the performance of the car. Pedro Diniz with his backing was hired as his teammate. Williams retained Jacques Villeneuve and was teamed with Heinz-Harald Frentzen who was not seen as a replacement to Hill. Villeneuve was the favourite heading into the new season, himself noting that being the favourite put extra pressure. Ferrari retained Michael Schumacher and Eddie Irvine, Benetton kept Jean Alesi and Gerhard Berger and McLaren signed on Mika Häkkinen, the Jordan team had two new drivers in Giancarlo Fisichella the Italian youngster from Minardi and had signed Ralf Schumacher brother of Michael in an interesting line up. The new Prost Grand Prix team kept Olivier Panis and signed Japanese rookie driver Shinji Nakano, Sauber kept Johnny Herbert and the loss of Frentzen saw Peter Sauber sign Ferrari test driver Nicola Larini. Tyrrell retained Mika Salo for a year and added Jos Verstappen to the team from Arrows. Minardi with V8 Hart engines signed Ukyo Katayama and promising Italian driver Jarno Trulli and this was a milestone grand prix for Heinz-Harald Frentzen and Olivier Panis, both making their 50th race entry, and Johnny Herberts 100th race entry. The new Stewart Grand Prix team had signed Rubens Barrichello as their main driver, Lola recruited pay driver Riccardo Rosset and former Benetton test driver Vincenzo Sospiri. Bridgestone also made their first official appearance in Formula 1 breaking Goodyears reign as a tyre supplier which began in 1992. Bridgestone provided tyres for Minardi, Arrows, Prost, Stewart, the British television coverage switched to ITV for the 1997 season and beyond, after 18 years of regular coverage for the BBC. Former driver Martin Brundle joined Murray Walker in the commentary box, in the build-up to the weekend, Michael Schumacher was criticised for saying that the circuit wasnt particularly special, with locals responding by calling him an overpaid prima donna
1997 Australian Grand Prix
–
1997 Australian Grand Prix
15.
Ford Motor Company
–
The Ford Motor Company is an American multinational automaker headquartered in Dearborn, Michigan, a suburb of Detroit. It was founded by Henry Ford and incorporated on June 16,1903, the company sells automobiles and commercial vehicles under the Ford brand and most luxury cars under the Lincoln brand. Ford also owns Brazilian SUV manufacturer, Troller, and Australian performance car manufacturer FPV, in the past, it has also produced tractors and automotive components. Ford owns an 8% stake in Aston Martin of the United Kingdom, and it also has a number of joint-ventures, one in China, one in Taiwan, one in Thailand, one in Turkey, and one in Russia. It is listed on the New York Stock Exchange and is controlled by the Ford family, Fords former UK subsidiaries Jaguar and Land Rover, acquired in 1989 and 2000 respectively, were sold to Tata Motors in March 2008. Ford owned the Swedish automaker Volvo from 1999 to 2010, in 2011, Ford discontinued the Mercury brand, under which it had marketed entry-level luxury cars in the United States, Canada, Mexico, and the Middle East since 1938. During the financial crisis at the beginning of the 21st century, it was close to bankruptcy, Ford is the second-largest U. S. -based automaker and the fifth-largest in the world based on 2015 vehicle production. At the end of 2010, Ford was the fifth largest automaker in Europe, Ford is the eighth-ranked overall American-based company in the 2010 Fortune 500 list, based on global revenues in 2009 of $118.3 billion. In 2008, Ford produced 5.532 million automobiles and employed about 213,000 employees at around 90 plants, the company went public in 1956 but the Ford family, through special Class B shares, still retain 40 percent voting rights. The Ford Motor Company was launched in a factory in 1903 with $28,000 in cash from twelve investors, most notably John. During its early years, the company produced just a few cars a day at its factory on Mack Avenue and later its factory on Piquette Avenue in Detroit, Michigan. Groups of two or three men worked on car, assembling it from parts made mostly by supplier companies contracting for Ford. Henry Ford was 39 years old when he founded the Ford Motor Company and it has been in continuous family control for over 100 years and is one of the largest family-controlled companies in the world. The first gasoline powered automobile had been created in 1885 by the German inventor Carl Benz, between 1903 and 1908, Ford produced the Models A, B, C, F, K, N, R, and S. Hundreds or a few thousand of most of these were sold per year, in 1908, Ford introduced the mass-produced Model T, which totalled millions sold over nearly 20 years. In 1927, Ford replaced the T with the Model A, Ford launched the first low-priced car with a V8 engine in 1932. In an attempt to compete with General Motors mid-priced Pontiac, Oldsmobile, Henry Ford purchased the Lincoln Motor Company in 1922, in order to compete with such brands as Cadillac and Packard for the luxury segment of the automobile market. The creation of a laboratory in Dearborn, Michigan in 1951, doing unfettered basic research
Ford Motor Company
–
The
Ford World Headquarters in Dearborn, Michigan, also known as the Glass House
Ford Motor Company
–
Henry Ford (ca. 1919)
Ford Motor Company
–
A 1910
Model T, photographed in
Salt Lake City
Ford Motor Company
–
William Clay Ford, Jr., great-grandson of Henry Ford, serves as the
executive chairman at the board of Ford Motor Company.
16.
Pole position
–
The game was designed by Tōru Iwatani, who had also designed the Gee Bee games and Pac-Man. It was the most popular arcade game of 1983. Pole Position was released in two configurations, an upright cabinet, and an environmental/cockpit cabinet. By 1983, it had become the highest-grossing arcade game that year in North America and it was the most successful racing game of the classic era, spawning ports, sequels, and a Saturday morning cartoon, although the cartoon had nothing in common with the game. The game established the conventions of the game genre and its success inspired numerous imitators. Pole Position is regarded as one of the most influential games of all time. In this game, the controls a Formula One race car. After qualifying, the player races against seven other CPU-controlled cars in a championship race, the player must also avoid going off the road so that he or she will not crash into the billboards. Pole Position was the first racing game to feature a track based on a real racing circuit. It was also the first game to feature a qualifying lap, once the player has qualified, they must complete the race in the time allowed, avoiding collisions with CPU-controlled opponents and billboards along the sides of the track. The games publisher Atari publicized the game for its unbelievable driving realism in providing a Formula 1 experience behind a racing wheel, for manufacture and distribution in the United States, Namco approached Bally Midway with a choice of two games in 1982. Bally Midway chose Mappy while Atari was left to publish Pole Position, the game ran on the Namco Pole Position hardware, which was the first to use 16-bit microprocessors, with two Zilog Z8002 processors. It was also capable of displaying up to 3840 colors, the game was an early example of product placement within a video game, with billboards around the track advertising actual companies. Other billboards appeared in both versions, the game was also featured in a TV commercial shown only on MTV. It was part of a series of TV spots that Atari created in the 1980s exclusively for MTV and they also praised the sound effects and solid, realistic graphics, stating it has very rich color images and dimensional depth to the graphics. They also praised the graphics and breathtaking scenery as well as the two-heat format for the race itself. Computer and Video Games also reviewed the version in 1983. They compared it favorably with Turbo, stating that, while Turbo featured better landscapes, it cant match the speed, thrills and skill behind this new race game
Pole position
–
Arcade flyer
17.
1999 Japanese Grand Prix
–
The 1999 Japanese Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held on 31 October 1999 at the Suzuka International Racing Course in Suzuka, Japan. It was the sixteenth and final round of the 1999 Formula One season, the 53-lap race was won by McLaren driver Mika Häkkinen after starting from second position. Michael Schumacher finished second in a Ferrari with team-mate Eddie Irvine finishing third, häkkinens victory confirmed him as 1999 Drivers Champion. Ferrari were also confirmed as Constructors Champions and this was the last race for Toranosuke Takagi, Alessandro Zanardi and 1996 World Champion Damon Hill. Going into this race, Ferraris Eddie Irvine led the Drivers Championship by four points from Häkkinen,70 to 66. Häkkinen therefore needed to win the race, or to finish second with Irvine no higher than fifth, similarly, the Finn would be Champion if he finished second with Irvine fifth, or if he finished third without Irvine scoring. Qualifying saw Irvines Ferrari team-mate, Michael Schumacher, take pole position with Häkkinen alongside on the front row, david Coulthard was third in the second McLaren, with Heinz-Harald Frentzen fourth in the Jordan. Irvine struggled throughout, also suffering a crash at the Hairpin. The top ten was completed by the Prosts of Olivier Panis and Jarno Trulli, Johnny Herbert in the Stewart, Ralf Schumacher in the Williams, Häkkinen beat Schumacher off the line, with Panis charging into third ahead of Irvine, Coulthard and Frentzen. The Finn quickly built a lead, and it became clear that the Ferraris could not match him. After Paniss alternator broke on lap 20, Coulthard passed Irvine for third during the first round of pit stops, however, on lap 34, he made a mistake and spun into a wall, losing his nose. He pitted and rejoined a lap down, just in front of Schumacher and it was alleged that the Scot deliberately held up the German driver, before retiring several laps later with a hydraulic failure. Häkkinen eventually took the chequered flag five seconds ahead of Schumacher and, with it, Irvine finished a minute and a half behind Schumacher in third, nonetheless helping Ferrari secure their first Constructors Championship since 1983. The minor points went to Frentzen, Ralf Schumacher and Alesi, note, Only the top five positions are included for both sets of standings. Fuji Television Japanese Grand Prix -1999, archived from the original on 14 August 2007
1999 Japanese Grand Prix
–
Suzuka International Racing Course (last modified in 1991)
18.
1999 European Grand Prix
–
The 1999 European Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held on 26 September 1999 at the Nürburgring in Nürburg, Germany. It was the race of the 1999 Formula One season. The 66-lap race was won by Johnny Herbert driving for the Stewart team, Jarno Trulli finished second for the Prost team with Rubens Barrichello third in the other Stewart car. It was considered to be one of the most eventful and exciting races of the 1999 season, going into the race Mika Häkkinen, Eddie Irvine, Heinz-Harald Frentzen and David Coulthard were all harbouring World Championship aspirations. Häkkinen and Irvine were tied for the lead, with Frentzen 10 points behind them. The previous round at Monza had seen Häkkinen make an error while leading, Coulthard and Irvine finished only 5th and 6th. Marc Genés 6th place produced a point for the Minardi team Due to the high number of retirements. This resulted in the podium consisting of constructors named after former Formula 1 World Champions, as a consequence of the race, Häkkinen extended his lead in the World Drivers Championship to two points over Irvine, with Frenzen a further twelve behind. In the World Constructors Championship, McLaren extended their lead to twelve points over Ferrari, heading into the fourteenth race of the season, McLaren driver Mika Häkkinen and Ferrari driver Eddie Irvine were both tied for the lead of the World Drivers Championship with 60 points each. Behind Häkkinen and Irvine in the Drivers Championship, Heinz-Harald Frentzen was third on 50 points in a Jordan, with David Coulthard, McLaren were leading on 108 points and Ferrari were second on 102 points, with Jordan third on 57 points. Following the Italian Grand Prix on 12 September, four teams conducted testing sessions at the Magny-Cours circuit from 14–16 September, Coulthard set the fastest time of the first, second and final days of testing. Williams, Jordan and Stewart ran for two days at Magny-Cours. Ferrari ran their pairing Irvine and Mika Salo at the teams test circuit of Mugello, Ferrari test driver and Minardi driver Luca Badoer performed engine development work at their test track at Fiorano with Irvine performing shakedown runs. Benetton performed aerodynamic mapping tests at RAF Kemble with Arrows and Minardi electing not to test. Two practice sessions were held before the Sunday race—one on Friday from 11,00 to 14,00 local time, the first practice session took place in dry conditions. The ambient temperature was 19 °C and the temperature was 25 °C during the hour-long period. Saturday afternoons qualifying session was held from 13,00 to 14,00 local time, each driver was limited to twelve laps with the implentation of a 107% rule to exclude slow drivers from competing in the Sunday race. The session was held on a wet track, the result of rainfall with isolated showers a few hours before qualifying
1999 European Grand Prix
–
The Nürburgring in its 1999 configuration
19.
1999 French Grand Prix
–
The 1999 French Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held on 27 June 1999 at the Circuit de Nevers Magny-Cours near Magny-Cours, France. It was the race of the 1999 Formula One season. The 72-lap race was won by Heinz-Harald Frentzen driving a Jordan car after starting from fifth position, Mika Häkkinen finished second driving for McLaren, with Rubens Barrichello finishing third for the Stewart team. The remaining points-scoring positions were filled by Ralf Schumacher, Michael Schumacher, as a consequence of the race, Häkkinen extended his lead in the World Drivers Championship to eight points over Schumacher, with Irvine a further 14 behind. In the World Constructors Championship, McLaren reduced the lead over Ferrari to six points with Williams passing Benetton for fourth position,43 points behind Ferrari. Behind Häkkinen and Schumacher in the Drivers Championship, Eddie Irvine was third on 25 points in the other Ferrari, with Heinz-Harald Frentzen, in the Constructors Championship, Ferrari were leading on 55 points and McLaren were second on 46 points, with Jordan third on 16 points. Following the Canadian Grand Prix on June 13, the teams conducted testing sessions at the Magny-Cours circuit from June 16–18, david Coulthard set the fastest time on the first day, while Eddie Irvine was fastest on the second and final day of testing. Williams made modifications to the suspension of their cars, resulting in several spins, among the other teams, Minardi elected to perform aerodynamic mapping work at the Automotive Safety Center using their test driver Gastón Mazzacane. Arrows performed shakedown runs at the Santa Pod Raceway, on 16 June, Jordan driver and 1996 World Drivers Champion Damon Hill announced that he would retire from Formula One racing at the end of the season. Hill later said a factor in his decision was the amount of testing undertaken by the teams and his own performance during the season. Two practice sessions were held before the Sunday race—one on Friday from 11,00 to 14,00 local time, the first practice session took place in dry conditions. The ambient temperature was 24 °C, the second practice session was held in overcast and wet weather conditions, with a drop in the track temperature to 19 °C and the ambient temperature to 20 °C. Saturday afternoons qualifying session was held from 13,00 to 14,00 local time, each driver was limited to twelve laps with the implentation of a 107% rule to exclude slow drivers from competing in the race. The session was held in wet conditions, the ambient and track temperature were both 18 °C, Rubens Barrichello clinched his first pole position of the season, in his Stewart, in a time of 1,38.441. He was joined on the front row by Jean Alesi, who was four-tenths of a second behind, Olivier Panis was third in his Prost. Coulthard took fourth despite going into the gravel and spinning off late in the session, Heinz-Harald Frentzen was fifth, with Michael Schumacher completing the top six. Due to the wet conditions, a record five drivers - Damon Hill, Marc Gené, Luca Badoer, Pedro de la Rosa, Hill missed out by just 0.003 seconds, the slimmest-ever margin. Due to the wet conditions, and the competitiveness in practice
1999 French Grand Prix
–
Circuit de Nevers Magny-Cours (last modified in 1992)
1999 French Grand Prix
–
Rubens Barrichello, who took pole position in his
Stewart car
1999 French Grand Prix
–
Heinz-Harald Frentzen. who won the race by 11 seconds (picture taken in 2006 while driving for Audi in the
DTM series)
20.
Red Bull GmbH
–
Red Bull GmbH is a Austrian company which sells the Red Bull energy drink. The company is known for its sponsorship of a range of sporting events. In 2014, a total of 5.612 billion cans were sold in over 167 countries,10,410 employees generated €5.11 billion in revenue. The headquarters of Red Bull GmbH are located in Fuschl am See, Austrian entrepreneur Dietrich Mateschitz and Thai businessman Chaleo Yoovidhya founded Red Bull GmbH in 1984. While working for German manufacturer Blendax in 1982, Mateschitz traveled to Thailand and met Chaleo and he found that the energy drink Krating Daeng, developed by Chaleos company during the 1970s, helped to ease his jet lag. After seeing market potential in the drink, he partnered with Chaleo in bringing it to Europe, under their agreement, the partners invested $500,000 each into founding Red Bull GmbH. In return, they would receive a 49% stake in the company. They also agreed that Mateschitz would run the company, between 1984 and 1987, Red Bull GmbH modified the formula for Krating Daeng to better match European tastes by carbonating the beverage and making it less sweet. In 1987, the company introduced their adapted energy drink into Austria under the name Red Bull and it found huge success there by marketing to young professionals. The brand expanded throughout Europe during the early 1990s, exploding into the United States market during 1997, the wealth of Red Bulls founders grew with the companys success, and by March 2012, both Chaleo and Mateschitz had estimated net worths of over $5.3 billion each. Today, Red Bull GmbH operates in 167 countries and employs over 10,000 people and its signature product, Red Bull, remains the worlds most-consumed energy drink with 5.2 billion cans sold in 2012. The Red Bull company also distributes and markets a number of drinks including Simply Cola, the Carpe Diem range of herbal soft beverages. In 2010 the company won a legal battle with The Bulldog. The Bulldog was ordered to cease the sale and distribution of its own brand of energy drink, initially, Red Bull distributed free cases of the drink to college students in an attempt at viral advertising. This strategy was successful, resulting in the rapid proliferation of sales. Red Bull has since become known for its sleek marketing targeted at young urban professionals through various sports, the current mottoes, Red Bull Gives You Wings, and No Red Bull, No Wings are direct plays on the apparent stimulating properties of the beverage. In the 1990s, Red Bull sponsored the rower Xeno Müller, the team previously sponsored the Sauber and Arrows Formula One teams, the Red Bull Cheever Racing Team in the IRL, and from 2007 to 2011 Team Red Bull competed in the NASCAR Sprint Cup Series. Also Red Bull is now sponsoring the Cyberathlete Professional League and its own air racing event called the Red Bull Air Race World Championship, the 2005 DARPA Grand Challenge, a competition for driverless cars, was won by a student team from Stanford
Red Bull GmbH
–
Red Bull Headquarters in
Fuschl am See,
Austria
Red Bull GmbH
–
Kirby Chambliss racing in the
Red Bull Air Race World Series
Red Bull GmbH
–
World Rally Championship Red Bull Car
Red Bull GmbH
–
Red Bull established
Scuderia Toro Rosso in
2006 by buying the
Minardi team. This followed the purchase of
Jaguar to become
Red Bull Racing the previous year.
21.
Red Bull Racing
–
Red Bull Racing is an Austrian Formula One racing team based in Milton Keynes, England. It is one of two F1 teams owned by beverage company Red Bull GmbH, the other being Scuderia Toro Rosso, the team won four successive Constructors Championship titles, in 2010,2011,2012, and 2013, becoming the first Austrian licensed team to win the title. The team also produced the world champion driver of 2010,2011,2012. Managed by Christian Horner, the team has used Renault engines since 2007, Red Bull Racing then used TAG Heuer-branded Renault engines starting from the 2016 season. The current Red Bull team can trace its origins back to the Stewart Grand Prix outfit that made its debut in 1997. Jackie Stewart sold his team to the Ford Motor Company late in 1999, Red Bull, an energy drinks company, agreed its purchase of Jaguar Racing on the final day of the sale,15 November 2004. BBC Sport reported that Ford asked bidders for a symbolic US$1 in return for a commitment to invest US$400 million in the team over three grand prix seasons. The team continued to have access to the Cosworth engine developed for their 2005 chassis, Christian Horner was installed as the new Team boss and lined up David Coulthard and Christian Klien to drive for the team. Red Bull Racing was not the start of Red Bulls involvement in Formula One, after setting up a Formula One team of its own, Red Bull ended its long-term partnership with the Swiss team. The drinks company also runs a young drivers programme, Red Bull Junior Team, high-profile drivers who have received this backing include Enrique Bernoldi, Christian Klien, Patrick Friesacher, Vitantonio Liuzzi and Scott Speed. Red Bull also sponsors many drivers and teams competing in the GP2 Series, Red Bulls owner, Dietrich Mateschitz, reportedly tried to recruit former Formula One driver and BMW Motorsport chief Gerhard Berger to help guide the team through its debut season. For 2005, the chassis was christened the RB1, Red Bull Racing used Cosworth engines in its maiden year due to the ease of continuing with the engine Jaguar Racing used. Former McLaren driver David Coulthard led the team, Coulthard was chosen for his experience, considered ideal to help lead the fledgling team. For the second car, Red Bull shared the drive two of its young sponsored drivers, Christian Klien, who had driven for Jaguar in 2004 and 2004 F3000 champion Vitantonio Liuzzi. At first it was announced that Klien and Liuzzi would swap driving duty every four races, Red Bulls first year in Formula One was a massive success compared to their predecessors, Jaguar Racing. They were 6th in the Constructors Championship for most of the season, in a single season they amassed more points than Jaguar had in 2003 and 2004. Coulthard, after a poor 2003 and 2004 with McLaren, was a revelation for the team while Klien showed that he had improved from 2004. Overall they scored 34 points,24 for Coulthard,9 for Klien and 1 for Liuzzi, Red Bull was a consistent points and occasional podium challenger for most of their debut season
Red Bull Racing
–
Red Bull's involvement in Formula One dates back to
1995, when it first sponsored the
Sauber team.
Red Bull Racing
–
Red Bull-Renault
Red Bull Racing
–
Christian Klien during free practice at the
2005 United States Grand Prix
Red Bull Racing
–
Coulthard driving the
RB2 at the
2006 United States Grand Prix.
22.
Camel (cigarette)
–
Camel is a brand of cigarettes that was introduced by American company R. J. Most current Camel cigarettes contain a blend of Turkish tobacco and Virginia tobacco, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, the city where R. J. Reynolds was founded, is nicknamed Camel City because of the brands popularity, Reynolds developed an innovation, the packaged cigarette. Most tobacco users who smoked cigarettes preferred to roll their own, Reynolds undercut competitors on the cost of the cigarettes, and within a year, he had sold 425 million packs of Camels. Camel cigarettes were originally blended to have a taste in contrast to brands that, at the time of its introduction, were considered much harsher. They were advance-promoted, prior to release, by a careful advertising campaign that included teasers which merely stated that the Camels are coming. This marketing style was a prototype for attempts to sway public opinion that coincided with the United States entry into World War I, another promotion strategy was the use of a Circus camel, Old Joe, which was driven through town and used to distribute free cigarettes. The brands catch-phrase slogan, used for decades, was Id walk a mile for a Camel, the most famous historical style of Camel cigarettes is the soft pack of the regular, unfiltered variety. These were the first blend of Camels to be released, in late 1987, RJR created Joe Camel as the mascot for the brand. In 1991, the American Medical Association published a report stating that 5- and 6-year olds could more easily recognize Joe Camel than Mickey Mouse, Fred Flintstone and this led the association to ask RJR to terminate the Joe Camel campaign. RJR declined, but further appeals followed in 1993 and 1994, in Europe, Camel is also a brand of cigarette rolling papers and cigarette roll-your-own tobacco. It maintains a top 20 level brand of RYO tobacco and papers in Northern Europe with yearly expansion into Southern and Eastern Europe according to the European Subsidiarys annual report, on July 1,2000, The cigarette known as the Oriental variety of Camel cigarette appears on the market. In 2000, Reynolds Tobacco introduced Camel Turkish Gold, a nonmenthol cigarette, in 2001, the company introduced Camel Turkish Jade, a menthol cigarette. In 2005, Camel implemented new changes to the Oriental flavors by adding the name on the paper and changing the filter color. Also in 2005, Turkish Silvers were introduced and these serve as the ultra light version of the three Turkish blends. Turkish Royal serves as the full version, and Turkish Gold serves as the lights version. A menthol version, Turkish Jade, was part of the Turkish Blends but has since been discontinued. After burning, the text on the paper is still visible on the ashes which is also seen in Camel straights
Camel (cigarette)
–
A 1915 Camels ad from
The New York Times, offering a money-back guarantee and stating, "Premiums or coupons don't go with Camels, because the cost of the choice quality tobaccos makes it impossible for us to give them"
Camel (cigarette)
–
Camel Natural Flavor — "smoking may reduce the blood flow and causes impotence" (
European tobacco package warning).
Camel (cigarette)
–
Smoking billboard, Times Square, 1948.
Camel (cigarette)
–
The Lotus 100T sponsored by Camel.
23.
Snetterton Motor Racing Circuit
–
Snetterton Circuit is a motor racing course in Norfolk, England, originally opened in 1953. Owned by MotorSport Vision, it is situated on the A11 road 12 miles north-east of the town of Thetford and 19 miles south-west of the city of Norwich. The circuit is named after the village of Snetterton to the north-west of the circuit. The circuit hosts races from series including the British Touring Car Championship, British Formula Three Championship, from 1980 to 1994, the track hosted the UKs first 24-hour race, the Willhire 24 Hour. From 2003 to 2013 the Citroen 2CV24 Hour Race was held at Snetterton on the 200 Circuit, Snetterton was originally an RAF airfield, RAF Snetterton Heath, later used by the United States Army Air Force. The airfield opened in May 1943 and closed in November 1948, after its use as a USAF base, Snetterton was first used for motorcycle racing in 1953, organised by the Snetterton Combine, an association of clubs in Norfolk and Suffolk. The track was used by both Team Lotus and Norfolk Racing Co to test their racing cars, in the 1960s and early 1970s the circuit was 2.7 miles in length. Sear corner was 80 m further from Riches corner and led onto the Norwich Straight clearly visible in satellite maps, the straight ended in a hairpin bend leading to Home Straight which joined the existing track at the Esses but is now a main access road for the circuit. Russell bend was added in the 1960s and named after Jim Russell who ran a racing school at the circuit. Initially added to improve safety by slowing vehicles as they approached the pits, on 23 September 2010, MSV announced that construction of the new infield section and track improvements would be finished in time for the 2011 motorsport season. The final chicane before Senna Straight was also removed and replaced by an extension to Coram curve coupled with a new, tight, in addition to the track work, the redevelopment also improved spectator viewing and increased safety. The 300 Circuit is 2.97 miles long, Snettertons longest layout, the track incorporates much of the previous circuit with the infield section that was completed in 2011. The 300 track has been designed to bring international levels of racing to the circuit by gaining an FIA Grade 2 Licence, the layout also hosts major British motorsport championships. The British Formula 3 Championship and British GT Championship were the first of these to visit the new layout on 14 and 15 May 2011, the British Touring Car Championship with its ToCA support package also uses this layout, as does the British Superbike Championship. In 2016, ahead of Justin Wilsons 38th birthday, the Montreal hairpin was renamed Wilson and this layout is closest to the pre-2011 layout. The main differences between the layout and the 200 layout are the re-profiled turns 2 and 13, which have been designed to provide better opportunities for overtaking. This layout is used for club and local racing. The 100 layout is made up solely of the new 1 mile infield section and is used for testing
Snetterton Motor Racing Circuit
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The
Saab 9000 T16 of Lionel Abbott, Ian Flux and David Sears, 1990 Willhire 24 Hour
Snetterton Motor Racing Circuit
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Snetterton 300 Circuit
Snetterton Motor Racing Circuit
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BTCC action in 2007 at the Bomb Hole
24.
DAMS
–
A dam is a barrier that impounds water or underground streams. Reservoirs created by not only suppress floods but also provide water for activities such as irrigation, human consumption, industrial use, aquaculture. Hydropower is often used in conjunction with dams to generate electricity, a dam can also be used to collect water or for storage of water which can be evenly distributed between locations. Dams generally serve the purpose of retaining water, while other structures such as floodgates or levees are used to manage or prevent water flow into specific land regions. The word dam can be traced back to Middle English, and before that, from Middle Dutch, the first known appearance of dam occurs in 1165. However, there is one village, Obdam, that is mentioned in 1120. The word seems to be related to the Greek word taphos, so the word should be understood as dike from dug out earth. The names of more than 40 places from the Middle Dutch era such as Amsterdam and Rotterdam, early dam building took place in Mesopotamia and the Middle East. Dams were used to control the level, for Mesopotamias weather affected the Tigris. The earliest known dam is the Jawa Dam in Jordan,100 kilometres northeast of the capital Amman and this gravity dam featured an originally 9-metre-high and 1 m-wide stone wall, supported by a 50 m-wide earth rampart. The structure is dated to 3000 BC, the Ancient Egyptian Sadd-el-Kafara Dam at Wadi Al-Garawi, located about 25 km south of Cairo, was 102 m long at its base and 87 m wide. The structure was built around 2800 or 2600 BC as a dam for flood control. During the Twelfth Dynasty in the 19th century BC, the Pharaohs Senosert III, Amenemhat III, two dams called Ha-Uar running east-west were built to retain water during the annual flood and then release it to surrounding lands. The lake called Mer-wer or Lake Moeris covered 1,700 km2 and is today as Berkat Qaroun. One of the wonders of the ancient world was the Great Dam of Marib in Yemen. Repairs were carried out during various periods, most important around 750 BC and these extensive works were not actually finalized until 325 AD and allowed the irrigation of 25,000 acres. By the mid-late 3rd century BC, an intricate water-management system within Dholavira in modern-day India was built, the system included 16 reservoirs, dams and various channels for collecting water and storing it. Eflatun Pınar is a Hittite dam and spring temple near Konya and it is thought to be from the time of the Hittite empire between the 15th and 13th century BC
DAMS
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Glen Canyon Dam
DAMS
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A sideview of the
Lake Vyrnwy dam, in
Wales, finished in 1888
DAMS
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Karapuzha Dam, an earth dam in the Indian state of
Kerala
DAMS
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The
Roman dam at Cornalvo in
Spain has been in use for almost two millennia
25.
Simtek
–
Simtek was an engineering consultancy firm and Formula One racing team. The Formula One engineering consultancy arm, Simtek Research, was founded in 1989 by Max Mosley and it originally was involved in many areas of Formula One, including wind tunnel construction and chassis building for third parties. Simtek Grand Prix, the team, launched in 1993. With large debts and a lack of money, Simtek went into voluntary liquidation in June 1995. Simtek Research was founded in August 1989 by Nick Wirth and Max Mosley aiming to provide a design, research. Initially working out of an office in Wirths home, the company grew quickly and moved to its own facility, including a windtunnel, on the Acres Industrial Estate in Banbury, Simteks clients included the FIA, F1 constructors Ligier and numerous Formula 3000 and Indycar teams. In 1990 Simtek designed a Formula One car for BMW who were making plans to found a works team, the project was aborted, and BMW instead entered the German Touring Car Championship in 1991, the BMW 3-series cars being run by Simtek engineers. The BMW F1 car design was revived, updated and sold to Andrea Moda Formula to compete in the 1992 season, in 1992, after becoming president of the FIA, Mosley sold his share in Simtek to Wirth. In 1993, Simtek were commissioned to design a car for the new Bravo Grand Prix team, however following the death of Bravos project backer, Jean François Mosnier. In August 1993, Nick Wirth took the decision to enter Formula One with his own team for the 1994 season, triple world champion Jack Brabham became a shareholder in Simtek Grand Prix, and his son David Brabham was signed as a driver before the end of 1993. Andrea de Cesaris and Gil de Ferran, both carrying sponsorship money, were considered for the second seat but negotiations broke down. Frenchman Jean-Marc Gounon was also considered, but already had commitments for the start of the season so eventually 31-year-old F1 rookie Roland Ratzenberger took the place, charlie Moody, a former Leyton House manager, was appointed Simteks team manager. The company secured customer Ford HB V8 engines from Cosworth, and prior to the season starting, Wirths initial design for the 1994 race car included active suspension, a technology used by Williams to win both the drivers and constructors championships in 1992 and 1993. However, active suspension was banned prior to the start of the 1994 season, the company employed 35 people, the least number of any team competing in Formula One during 1994, and only 10% of the number employed by Scuderia Ferrari. These deficits showed at the first race of the 1994 season, Brabham qualified in 26th and last place while Ratzenberger failed to qualify. Brabham finished the race 12th, but all cars behind him retired, the next race saw both Simteks qualifying but again occupying the back of the grid. Brabham retired early with a failure, and Ratzenberger finished 11th. The next round was the 1994 San Marino Grand Prix, during the Saturday qualifying session, Ratzenberger left the track during an out-lap dislodging his front wing
Simtek
–
Roland Ratzenberger 's Simtek at the
1994 San Marino Grand Prix, prior to his fatal accident.
26.
Pacific Racing
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Pacific Racing was a motor racing team from the United Kingdom. Following success in lower formulae, the took part in two full seasons of Formula One, in 1994 and 1995, entering 33 Grands Prix without much success. The team was founded by former mechanic Keith Wiggins in 1984, to race in the European Formula Ford Championship, with Norwegian driver Harald Huysman, Huysman won both the European and Benelux titles. On Huysmans advice, Pacific entered Bertrand Gachot in British Formula Ford with a Reynard in 1985, the following year, Gachot, also part of the Marlboro World Championship team, won the Formula Ford 2000 crown for Pacific. Marlboro stayed with Wiggins team in FF2000 in 1987, winning the British title with JJ Lehto, in 1988, Pacific entered the British F3 Championship with Lehto and a Reynard car, and won the title on their first attempt. Wiggins did not want to stay in F3 and moved up to Formula 3000, once more in association with Reynard, however, Lehto and Eddie Irvines season was disappointing and the tobacco companys support moved to rival DAMS in 1990. The team returned to form in 1991, taking Christian Fittipaldi to the F3000 crown, unfortunately for Pacific, the Rory Byrne-led design team had gone to Benetton at the end of 1991 and Reynard had sold the design to Ligier. With their roots in the project, the resulting Benetton B193, Ligier JS37 and Pacific PR01 shared the same slab-sided. They instead postponed their entry in January 1993 because of a recession and they were unable to enter F1 until 1994. Paul Belmondo and former Jordan driver Bertrand Gachot started the season as drivers and that season the team did not finish a single race and from the French Grand Prix onwards, neither car qualified. They scored a total of points that season. By 1995, Pacific had merged with the dying Team Lotus, the obsolete Ilmor engines had been replaced by Ford ED V8s and a whole host of new sponsors were brought in. Good news also came when the PR02 was guaranteed a start each race, with Larrousse and Lotus disappearing from the entry lists, Belmondo had been replaced with Andrea Montermini. Having had no luck in the first half of the season, team partner Gachot vacated his seat in mid-1995, making way for infamous paydrivers Giovanni Lavaggi, Gachot later returned after the money of the two pay-drivers dried up and two drivers Wiggins wanted to run were denied superlicences. Pacifics best finishes that season were 8th in the German and Australian Grands Prix, at the end of the 1995 season, the team withdrew from Formula One and Wiggins went back to Formula 3000, resurrecting Pacific Racing with Oliver Tichy and Marc Gené as drivers. Gené left the team after his accident at Pau, and Tichy continued alone until the team quit in mid-season, in 1997 Wiggins also attempted to enter sportscar racing and the 24 Hours of Le Mans with a heavily modified BRM chassis known as the P301 and using Nissan engines. Following a series of failures for the project into 1998, Wiggins closed the team, Wiggins joined Lola and helped the constructor reclaim ground in the Champ Car World Series. In 2006, Paul Stoddart, former owner of the Minardi F1 team, bought an interest in the team, * Including points scored for other teams
Pacific Racing
–
David Coulthard 's Pacific Racing
Formula 3000 Reynard from
1993.
Pacific Racing
–
Bertrand Gachot at the
1994 Pacific Grand Prix.
Pacific Racing
–
Gachot driving for Pacific at the
1995 British Grand Prix.
27.
Forti
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Forti Corse, commonly known as Forti, was an Italian motor racing team chiefly known for its brief and unsuccessful involvement in Formula One in the mid-1990s. It was established in the late 1970s and competed in lower formulae for two decades, Forti graduated to Formula One as a constructor and entrant in 1995, but its first car—the Forti FG01—proved to be uncompetitive, and the team failed to score a point. Forti was founded by Italian businessmen Guido Forti, a driver, and Paolo Guerci. It was registered as a Società a Responsabilità Limitata, or Limited liability company and it was initially run in lower motor racing categories such as Formula Ford and Formula Three, both at Italian and European levels. The team was equipped and soon became a regular winner. Forti drivers Franco Forini, Enrico Bertaggia, Emanuele Naspetti and Gianni Morbidelli won Italian Formula Three titles in 1985,1987,1988 and 1989 respectively. In addition, Bertaggia won the prestigious Macau F3 Grand Prix and the Monaco Grand Prix F3 support race in 1988, Forti continued racing in Formula Three until the end of 1992, when it quit the formula in order to concentrate solely on International Formula 3000. For 1987, Forti moved up to International Formula 3000 with less success than experienced in Formula Three. The main reason for this was the chassis the team chose to compete with, Forti was the first team to use this machine, which was dubbed the Dallara 3087. This combination of a team and an untested car did not score any points in its first F3000 year. Forti used 1988 to gain experience in F3000, and this helped the team to perform better in following seasons, as did a change to more competitive Lola. After a full season in 1988 and the teams first championship points, courtesy of Claudio Langes in 1989, from 1993 onwards, Forti concentrated solely on F3000, and ran drivers such as Naspetti, Fabrizio Giovanardi, Andrea Montermini and Hideki Noda. 1991 was Fortis most successful season in F3000, with Naspetti finishing third in the Drivers Championship, although the teams form dipped over subsequent years, by 1994 Forti was the most experienced team in the championship, employing Noda and Pedro Diniz as drivers. As his team became successful, Guido Forti started to think about a move upwards. Forti considered a financial base to be the most important factor for success. In 1991 he therefore started working on his Formula One project, at the end of 1992, he signed a deal with wealthy Brazilian driver Pedro Diniz, whose personal fortune and sponsorship connections proved invaluable in increasing the teams budget. Dinizs father, Abílio dos Santos, was the owner of the large Brazilian distribution company Companhia Brasileira de Distribuição, by 1993, through Abílio dos Santos, Forti met Carlo Gancia, an Italo-Brazilian businessman. Gancia became a co-owner of the team, buying Guercis shares and he finally managed to ensure a respectable budget for Formula One by late 1994, which was effectively underwritten by the Diniz family
Forti
–
Hideki Noda driving for the Forti
International Formula 3000 team during the
1994 season.
Forti
–
Forti
Forti
–
Roberto Moreno driving the
FG01 at the
1995 British Grand Prix. He retired on lap 48 when the car's hydraulic pressure dropped.
Forti
–
Pedro Diniz driving the FG01 at the 1995 British GP. He retired on lap 13 with a broken gearbox.
28.
John Barnard
–
John Barnard is a race car designer and is working with Terence Woodgate designing high specification carbon fibre furniture. In 1968 Barnard was recruited by Lola Cars in Huntingdon as a designer and began working on many of the chassis manufacturers projects, including Formula Vee racers. While at Lola, Barnard was introduced to Patrick Head, who later helped Frank Williams found the Williams Formula One team, the two engineers became good friends and Head was best man at Barnards wedding in the early 1970s. By 1975 Barnard had been hired by Parnelli Jones to work with Maurice Philippe designing the teams Formula One racer which campaigned from 1974 to 1976, the cars best finish was 4th by Mario Andretti at the 1975 Swedish Grand Prix. After Philippe left Vels Parnelli Jones Racing, Barnard modified the design for the Indycar circuit, further Indycar designs followed and in 1980 the Barnard-designed Chaparral 2K chassis took Johnny Rutherford to the prestigious Indianapolis 500 and the CART drivers title. At the 1981 Italian Grand Prix at Monza, the strength of the MP4/1 was given a public test when John Watson suffered a massive crash in his MP4/1 coming out of the second Lesmo turn. Many feared the worst for the Irishman as crashes like that in Formula One often led to the death of the driver. However, the strength of the Carbon Fibre monocoque saw Watson survive unhurt to the surprise and delight of many, not the least being Watson himself, within months the design had been copied by many of McLarens rivals. In 1983, Barnard pioneered the coke-bottle shape of sidepods still visible to this day, the 1984 season also saw McLaren drivers Lauda and Prost win an amazing 12 of 16 races with the TAG-Porsche powered McLaren MP4/2. By the time Barnard left McLaren for Ferrari at the end of 1986 his cars had won 31 Grands Prix for the team. The 80° V6 TAG engine had been financed by Mansour Ojjeh of Techniques dAvant Garde and was built by Porsche to Barnards specification for the MP4/1E, by 1986, the working relationship between Barnard and McLaren boss Ron Dennis had deteriorated. This led to speculation that Barnard would leave the team and it came as no surprise when it was announced before the 1986 German Grand Prix that he would be joining Ferrari in 1987. The Scuderia had not won a Grand Prix since Michele Alboreto had won the 1985 German Grand Prix, Ferrari finished 4th in the Constructors Championship in 1987 and 2nd in 1988. While at Ferrari, Barnard ruffled a few feathers with his way of doing things and he also put a ban on the teams long-standing tradition of having wine at the mechanics lunch table during testing, something that proved unpopular with the teams mostly Italian mechanics. In 1989 Barnard pioneered the electronic gear shift mechanism – now known as a semi-automatic gearbox – which was operated via two paddles on the steering wheel and this revolutionary system had proved fragile in testing since early in 1988 and many in F1 were expecting it to fail. However, new team recruit Nigel Mansell took the new V12 powered Ferrari 640 to victory first time out at the Brazilian Grand Prix in Rio de Janeiro, Barnard had instigated his second technical revolution, and by 1995 every team was running a copy of the Ferrari gearbox. However, by the time the got to France the problems had been solved, One such advantage of the new system was put to good use by Gerhard Berger after he suffered a fiery crash at the high speed crash at the San Marino Grand Prix. The car had hit the wall at the Tamburello curve at close to 180 mph and with an almost full fuel load had burst into flames, following Mansells second place in France and the cars new found reliability, results improved dramatically
John Barnard
–
John Barnard
John Barnard
–
McLaren MP4/1 was the first Formula One car to use the now ubiquitous carbon fibre composite monocoque
John Barnard
–
Niki Lauda in the 1984 championship winning
McLaren MP4-2
29.
Stewart SF01
–
The Stewart SF01 was the car that the Stewart Formula One team competed with in the 1997 Formula One season, and the first car constructed by the team. It was driven by Rubens Barrichello and Jan Magnussen, the latter who had brief experience with McLaren in 1995. The car was launched in December 1996, the main reason for this were difficulties with mating the Ford engine with the cars oil tank. However, Barrichello drove to a second place at Monaco. The team eventually finished ninth in the Constructors Championship, with six points, AUTOCOURSE 1997-98, Henry, Alan, Hazleton Publishing Ltd
Stewart SF01
–
Stewart SF01
30.
1997 Monaco Grand Prix
–
The 1997 Monaco Grand Prix was a Formula One race held on 11 May 1997 at the Circuit de Monaco, Monte Carlo, Monaco. It was the round of the 1997 Formula One season. The 62-lap race was won by Michael Schumacher for the Scuderia Ferrari team after starting from second position, rubens Barrichello, who started the Grand Prix from tenth position, finished second in a Stewart car, with Eddie Irvine third in the other Ferrari. Schumachers win saw him take over the lead of the World Drivers championship from Williams driver Jacques Villeneuve, Ferrari also took over the lead of the Constructors Championship from Williams. Heinz-Harald Frentzen, driving for Williams, started from pole ahead of Schumacher. However, Frentzen and team-mate Villeneuve both made poor starts down to a case of tyre strategy made by Williams and both later retired from the race from separate accidents. Schumacher won the race comfortably, with a gap of 53 seconds from Barrichello who scored the first podium slot for the Stewart team in only their 5th Grand Prix. The race had been scheduled for 78 laps, but was run for 62 laps due to the race taking longer than 2 hours to complete. This was largely down to rainy conditions that the drivers encountered during the Grand Prix, the Grand Prix was contested by eleven teams with two drivers each. The teams were Arrows, Williams, Ferrari, Benetton, McLaren, Jordan, Prost, Sauber, Tyrrell, Minardi, in the Constructors Championship, Williams were leading on 30 points and Ferrari were on 24 points. Qualifying saw Heinz-Harald Frentzen qualify on pole in his Williams in front of Michael Schumacher in the Ferrari, the warm-up session was dry, with Williams taking first and second places. During the warm up lap, the weather worsened, and at the start and he led by 22 seconds on lap 5. Both Willams drivers went out of the race after they had to pit to change their tyres, Frentzen hit a barrier at the chicane on lap 39, while Villeneuve hit a wall and had to retire on lap 17. Schumacher continued to build his lead until he had about 30 seconds advantage over Barrichello, then he backed off and began to maintain the gap. He made an error on lap 53 at the Sainte Devote corner, in which he went down the road and lost 10 seconds. The race was stopped on lap 62 instead of the 78 scheduled because of the limit of 2 hours. Eddie Irvine finished third after overtaking Olivier Panis, exacting some measure of revenge for Panis overtaking manoeuvre that had seen him get past Irvine a year earlier, after losing third place to Irvine, Panis backed off in the closing stages and settled for fourth place. Mika Salo finished fifth despite denting his front wing on debris left from Mika Häkkinens accident early on, giancarlo Fisichella, who at one point was running as high as second place, finished in sixth
1997 Monaco Grand Prix
–
1997 Monaco Grand Prix
31.
Canadian Grand Prix
–
The Canadian Grand Prix is an annual auto race held in Canada since 1961. It has been part of the Formula One World Championship since 1967 and it was first staged at Mosport Park in Bowmanville, Ontario as a sports car event, before alternating between Mosport and Circuit Mont-Tremblant, Quebec after Formula One took over the event. After 1971, safety concerns led to the Grand Prix moving permanently to Mosport, in 1978, after similar safety concerns with Mosport, the Canadian Grand Prix moved to its current home on Notre Dame Island in Montreal. In 2005, the Canadian Grand Prix was the most watched Formula One GP in the world, the race was also the third most watched sporting event worldwide, behind the first place Super Bowl XXXIX and the UEFA Champions League Final. Preceding the qualifying session in 2014, the Grand Prix organizers announced they had agreed to a 10-year extension to keep the Canadian Grand Prix at Circuit Gilles Villeneuve through 2024. Mosport Park was a spectacular and challenging circuit that had lots of ups and downs, several international sports car as well as Formula One drivers participated in the event. For the first five years, the event would be won by drivers with either prior Formula One experience, in 1966 the Canadian-American Challenge Cup ran the event, with American Mark Donohue winning. Formula One took over the year, although the CSCC. The event was run as part of the Formula One world championship first in 1967, the Ontario circuit alternated with the Circuit Mont-Tremblant in Quebec, where the Canadian Grand Prix was held in 1968 and 1970. Mont-Tremblant, located 1 1/2 hours northwest of Montreal was much like Mosport Park in that it was a circuit that had lots of elevation change and was very challenging. The first championship race was held between the German and Italian rounds in October, it was won by Jack Brabham with his New Zealander teammate Denny Hulme completing a Brabham 1–2. Stewart was unable to get his Matra going, but Ickx did get his Brabham going, an angry Stewart complained to his boss Ken Tyrrell about Pease, who complained to the organizers. The 1970 event saw Ickx win again with his Swiss teammate Clay Regazzoni making the result a Ferrari 1–2, the alternating of the race stopped and Mosport solely continued to hold the Canadian Grand Prix from 1971. The 1971 event saw Mosport Park flooded with rain, the event was delayed after a fatal accident at a Formula Ford support race and by the time it started. Jackie Stewart took victory easily in a Tyrrell from Swede Ronnie Peterson in a March,1972 saw Mosport upgraded with new safety features, and Stewart won again. 1973 was an event, like the race 2 years previous it was a rain-soaked event. All this meant that Briton Jackie Oliver ended up in the lead with American Peter Revson 2nd, for hours after the race confusion reigned but eventually it was confirmed that Revson was the winner- thanks to a lucky break when the pace car came out. The 1974 event saw Fittipaldi win while his championship rivals Clay Regazzoni finished 2nd,1977 was the race where French-Canadian Gilles Villeneuve made his debut for Ferrari
Canadian Grand Prix
–
G. Fisichella,
M. Schumacher and
E. Irvine on the podium of the
1998 Canadian Grand Prix
Canadian Grand Prix
–
Canadian Grand Prix (Grand Prix du Canada)
Canadian Grand Prix
–
Fans fill up the area every year.
Canadian Grand Prix
–
Circuit Île Notre-Dame/Gilles Villeneuve, used from 1978 to 1986
32.
Tartan
–
Tartan is a pattern consisting of criss-crossed horizontal and vertical bands in multiple colours. Tartans originated in woven wool, but now they are made in other materials. Tartan is particularly associated with Scotland, Scottish kilts almost always have tartan patterns. Tartan is often called plaid in North America, but in Scotland, Tartan is made with alternating bands of coloured threads woven as both warp and weft at right angles to each other. The weft is woven in a simple twill, two over—two under the warp, advancing one thread at each pass and this forms visible diagonal lines where different colours cross, which give the appearance of new colours blended from the original ones. The resulting blocks of colour repeat vertically and horizontally in a pattern of squares and lines known as a sett. The Dress Act of 1746 attempted to bring the clans under government control by banning the tartan. When the law was repealed in 1782, it was no longer ordinary Highland dress, until the middle of the nineteenth century, the highland tartans were only associated with either regions or districts, rather than any specific Scottish clan. Today tartan is no longer limited to textiles, but is used on non-woven mediums, such as paper, plastics, packaging, the English word tartan is most likely derived from the French tartarin meaning Tartar cloth. It has also suggested that tartan may be derived from modern Scottish Gaelic tarsainn. Today tartan usually refers to coloured patterns, though originally a tartan did not have to be made up of any pattern at all, as late as the 1830s tartan was sometimes described as plain coloured. Patterned cloth from the Gaelic-speaking Scottish Highlands was called breacan, meaning many colours, over time the meanings of tartan and breacan were combined to describe certain type of pattern on a certain type of cloth. The pattern of a tartan is called a sett, the sett is made up of a series of woven threads which cross at right angles. Today tartan is used to describe the pattern, not limited to textiles. In North America the term plaid is commonly used to describe tartan, the word plaid, derived from the Scottish Gaelic plaide, meaning blanket, was first used of any rectangular garment, sometimes made up of tartan, particularly that which preceded the modern kilt. In time, plaid was used to describe blankets themselves, each thread in the warp crosses each thread in the weft at right angles. Thus, a set of two base colours produces three different colours including one mixture and this means that the more stripes and colours used, the more blurred and subdued the tartans pattern becomes. The sequence of threads, known as the sett, starts at an edge, in diagram A, the sett reverses at the first pivot, then repeats, then reverses at the next pivot, and will carry on in this manner horizontally
Tartan
–
Soldiers from a Highland Regiment circa 1744. The
private (on the left) is wearing a
belted plaid.
Tartan
–
The earliest image of Scottish soldiers wearing tartan, from a woodcut c.1631
Tartan
–
John Campbell of the Bank, 1749. The present official
Clan Campbell tartans are predominantly blue, green and black.
33.
Scotland
–
Scotland is a country that is part of the United Kingdom and covers the northern third of the island of Great Britain. It shares a border with England to the south, and is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, with the North Sea to the east. In addition to the mainland, the country is made up of more than 790 islands, including the Northern Isles, the Kingdom of Scotland emerged as an independent sovereign state in the Early Middle Ages and continued to exist until 1707. By inheritance in 1603, James VI, King of Scots, became King of England and King of Ireland, Scotland subsequently entered into a political union with the Kingdom of England on 1 May 1707 to create the new Kingdom of Great Britain. The union also created a new Parliament of Great Britain, which succeeded both the Parliament of Scotland and the Parliament of England. Within Scotland, the monarchy of the United Kingdom has continued to use a variety of styles, titles, the legal system within Scotland has also remained separate from those of England and Wales and Northern Ireland, Scotland constitutes a distinct jurisdiction in both public and private law. Glasgow, Scotlands largest city, was one of the worlds leading industrial cities. Other major urban areas are Aberdeen and Dundee, Scottish waters consist of a large sector of the North Atlantic and the North Sea, containing the largest oil reserves in the European Union. This has given Aberdeen, the third-largest city in Scotland, the title of Europes oil capital, following a referendum in 1997, a Scottish Parliament was re-established, in the form of a devolved unicameral legislature comprising 129 members, having authority over many areas of domestic policy. Scotland is represented in the UK Parliament by 59 MPs and in the European Parliament by 6 MEPs, Scotland is also a member nation of the British–Irish Council, and the British–Irish Parliamentary Assembly. Scotland comes from Scoti, the Latin name for the Gaels, the Late Latin word Scotia was initially used to refer to Ireland. By the 11th century at the latest, Scotia was being used to refer to Scotland north of the River Forth, alongside Albania or Albany, the use of the words Scots and Scotland to encompass all of what is now Scotland became common in the Late Middle Ages. Repeated glaciations, which covered the land mass of modern Scotland. It is believed the first post-glacial groups of hunter-gatherers arrived in Scotland around 12,800 years ago, the groups of settlers began building the first known permanent houses on Scottish soil around 9,500 years ago, and the first villages around 6,000 years ago. The well-preserved village of Skara Brae on the mainland of Orkney dates from this period and it contains the remains of an early Bronze Age ruler laid out on white quartz pebbles and birch bark. It was also discovered for the first time that early Bronze Age people placed flowers in their graves, in the winter of 1850, a severe storm hit Scotland, causing widespread damage and over 200 deaths. In the Bay of Skaill, the storm stripped the earth from a large irregular knoll, when the storm cleared, local villagers found the outline of a village, consisting of a number of small houses without roofs. William Watt of Skaill, the laird, began an amateur excavation of the site, but after uncovering four houses
Scotland
–
Edinburgh Castle. Human habitation of the site is dated back as far as the 9th century BC, although the nature of this early settlement is unclear.
Scotland
–
Flag
Scotland
–
The class I
Pictish stone at
Aberlemno known as Aberlemno 1 or the Serpent Stone.
Scotland
–
The
Wallace Monument commemorates
William Wallace, the 13th-century Scottish hero.
34.
1998 Canadian Grand Prix
–
The 1998 Canadian Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Circuit Gilles Villeneuve on 7 June 1998. The 69-lap race was the round of the 1998 Formula One season. In Montreal, David Coulthard secured his third position of the season. The Scotsman managed to do the fastest time at the end of the session. Mika Häkkinen was very unlucky during the qualifying session and he encountered a lot of traffic during his quick laps. Michael Schumacher was third, and was surprised by his lap time which was only 0.2 seconds behind Coulthards time. The night before qualifying, Eddie Irvine had released a comment saying that the Canadian Grand Prix would be crucial for Ferrari, at the start of the race Michael Schumacher started brilliantly and overtook Mika Häkkinen, whilst his brother Ralf Schumacher stalled. This carnage brought out the red flag, the race was stopped and Alesi, Wurz and Trulli all took the restart in their spare cars. Herbert was lucky that his mechanics were able to repair his Sauber, the only damage to the car proved to be a bent suspension arm. At the second start, Michael Schumachers Ferrari got a poor start, häkkinens gearbox jammed while further back there was another incident. This time it was Ralf Schumacher who was pushing too hard, he went across the grass. This caused mayhem in the pack behind him, Michael Schumacher managed to overtake Giancarlo Fisichella on the first lap but due to all the retirements the safety car was sent out. After five laps, the safety car back in and the order was, David Coulthard followed by Schumacher, Fisichella, Jacques Villeneuve, Rubens Barrichello. As the race got under way again, Coulthard and Michael Schumacher started to pull away from the rest of the field, Coulthard led for the first 13 laps until the safety car came out for the second time. Pedro Diniz had gone off the track and when he rejoined he threw a lot of grass, when the safety car went back in, there were another three retirements. Mika Salo collided with Johnny Herbert who went off for the second time, the accident involving Salo and Herbert sent out the safety car for a third time, and Michael Schumacher took advantage by making a pitstop. When he got out and yellow flags were waved to show that there was to be no overtaking, coming out of the pit lane on lap 20 Schumacher shot across to block Frentzen for turn one. Frentzen steered off the track and onto the grass and spun into the gravel at the end of one to retire from the Grand Prix
1998 Canadian Grand Prix
–
1998 Canadian Grand Prix
1998 Canadian Grand Prix
–
Coulthard took pole position, but retired from the race
1998 Canadian Grand Prix
–
G.Fisichella, M.Schumacher and E.Irvine on the podium after the race.
35.
Jordan Grand Prix
–
Jordan Grand Prix was an Irish Formula One constructor that competed from 1991 to 2005. The team is named after Irish businessman and founder Eddie Jordan, Jordan and his team were well known for a rock and roll attitude which added colour and character to Formula One in the 1990s. Eddie Jordan had a stint as a race driver in the late 1970s before founding Eddie Jordan Racing in the early 1980s. The team graduated to International Formula 3000 for 1988, winning its first race in the category with Johnny Herbert, in 1989, Jordan won the F3000 drivers championship with future Formula One star Jean Alesi. The team also ran future F1 drivers such as Martin Donnelly, Jordans success in lower formulae inspired the creation of a Formula One programme for the 1991 season and a change of name to Jordan Grand Prix. The first driver to test a Jordan F1 car was veteran Ulsterman John Watson, Jordan hired Italian veteran Andrea de Cesaris and Belgian Bertrand Gachot to race his first cars, which were powered by Ford. The team had a solid debut finishing 5th in the Constructors Championship. De Cesaris ran second for much of the Belgian Grand Prix, Gachot failed to end the season after being sent to prison for attacking a taxi driver. Despite Jordans signed agreement in principle with Mercedes for the remainder of the season, Jordan applied for an injunction in the UK courts to prevent Schumacher driving for Benetton, but lost the case as they had not yet signed a contract. Future Champ Car title winner Alessandro Zanardi and ousted Benetton driver Roberto Moreno filled the second car afterwards, success for Jordan literally came at a high price. The team was forced to switch to cheaper Yamaha engines for the 1992 season, with Maurício Gugelmin and Stefano Modena driving, the team struggled badly and failed to score a point until the final race of the season. 1993 saw further changes, with the team again changing engine suppliers, again, the season started with two new drivers, Ivan Capelli and Brazilian rookie Rubens Barrichello. Capelli left after two races and Barrichello saw five other drivers become team mates of his during the 1993 campaign, Jordan only had moderate improvement, scoring three points. Signs of stability were beginning to show near the end of the season when Barrichello was joined by Eddie Irvine, the Ulsterman finished sixth and secured a point on his debut Formula One race at Suzuka. It was further memorable because Irvine unlapped himself against McLarens Ayrton Senna, Barrichello and Irvine returned for the 1994 season, as did the Hart engines, but Irvine had a bad start to the season, earning a three-race ban for reckless driving. Barrichello earned the team their first top three finish in Japan at the Pacific Grand Prix, but was killed during the following race in San Marino following a frightening qualifying crash. The team overcame these difficulties and returned to their form as they finished fifth in the Constructors Championship again. Barrichello earned Jordans first pole position after a gamble during a wet qualifying session in Belgium, Jordan switched to Peugeot power in 1995
Jordan Grand Prix
–
Bertrand Gachot giving Jordan its F1 début at the
1991 United States Grand Prix.
Jordan Grand Prix
–
Eddie Irvine driving for Jordan at the
1995 British Grand Prix.
Jordan Grand Prix
–
Eddie Jordan, founder and owner of Jordan Grand Prix, greets the fans in
Montreal in 1996
Jordan Grand Prix
–
Jordan introduced
nose arts from
1997 to
2001, their snake mascot Hissing Sid in the first year.
36.
Cosworth
–
Cosworth is a high-performance engineering company founded in London in 1958, specialising in engines and electronics for automobile racing and mainstream automotive industries. Cosworth is based in Northampton, England, with North American facilities in Indianapolis and Mooresville, Cosworth has collected 176 wins in Formula One as engine supplier, ranking second with most wins behind Ferrari. The company was founded as a British racing internal combustion engine maker in 1958 by Mike Costin, both of the co-founders being former employees of Lotus Engineering Ltd. Cosworth initially maintained a relationship with Colin Chapman and the initial revenues of the company came almost exclusively from Lotus. When the company was founded in 1958, Duckworth left Lotus, the first Cosworth-designed cylinder head was for SCA series with a SOHC reverse-flow configuration similar to the Coventry Climax FWE engine. This resulted in the DFV, which dominated Formula One for many years, from this time on, Cosworth was supported by Ford for many years, and many of the Cosworth designs were owned by Ford and named as Ford engines under similar contracts. Another success by the BD series in the 1970s put Cosworth on a growing track, the company went through a number of ownership changes. In 1998, Vickers sold Cosworth and Pi Research to Ford, in September,2004 Ford announced that it was selling Cosworth and Pi Research, along with Cosworth Racing Ltd and its Jaguar Formula One team. On 15 November 2004, the sale of Cosworth was completed, to Champ Car World Series owners Gerald Forsythe and Kevin Kalkhoven, Cosworth Technology was then renamed as MAHLE Powertrain on 1 July 2005. Since 2006, Cosworth has diversified to provide engineering consultancy, high performance electronics, Cosworth supplied engines to one F1 team in 2013, the Marussia F1 Team. The following is the list of products with cylinder heads modified. In addition to the above, Cosworth designed and provided the work for Lotus Elan Special Equipment optional road engines with special camshafts. The final model of the initial series was the MAE in 1965. MAE used one barrel of a two barrel Weber IDA downdraft carburetor with the other barrel blanked off, the domination of this engine was absolute as long as these regulations lasted until 1968. As Cosworth had a serious difficulty meeting the demand, the MAE was mainly sold as a kit and this experience led to the later FVA/DFV contract to be drawn where the responsibility of development rested with Cosworth, and the manufacturing right and responsibility rested with Ford. There also were some specially cast iron heads with similar dimensions to these brazed heads with Titanium alloy valve spring retainers called the Screamer Head for MAE in later years, a year before the introduction of the MAE, the single overhead cam two valve SCA was introduced. Cylinder head to block sealing was by a head gasket incorporating Cooper Rings, the SCA initially had two 40DCM2 Weber twin-choke downdraft sand-cast carburetors mounted on top to produce 115 hp, which was replaced by Lucas fuel injection in 1966, eventually reaching 140 hp. Longer stroke SCB was built to compare against 1498 cc Mk and it was the results of this four valve development work that formed the basis for many of the Cosworth engines that followed
Cosworth
–
A
Ford -
Cosworth DFV on a
Ligier JS11
Cosworth
–
Cosworth Mk.IV on 1962
Lotus 20
Cosworth
–
Cosworth Mk.XIII on
Lotus 59
Cosworth
–
A Ford-Cosworth DFV installed in the back of a
Lotus 49
37.
Scuderia Ferrari
–
Scuderia Ferrari S. p. A. competing as Scuderia Ferrari is the official name of the racing division of luxury Italian auto manufacturer, Ferrari, and competes in Formula One racing. It is the oldest surviving and most successful Formula One team, the team was founded by Enzo Ferrari, initially to race cars produced by Alfa Romeo, though by 1947 Ferrari had begun building its own cars. As a constructor, Ferrari has a record 16 Constructors Championships, Alberto Ascari, Juan Manuel Fangio, Mike Hawthorn, Phil Hill, John Surtees, Niki Lauda, Jody Scheckter, Michael Schumacher and Kimi Räikkönen have won a record 15 Drivers Championships for the team. Since Räikkönens title in 2007 the team narrowly lost out on the 2008 drivers title with Felipe Massa, Schumacher is the teams most successful driver. Joining the team in 1996 and departing in 2006 he won five titles and 72 Grands Prix for the team. His titles came consecutively between 2000 and 2004, including the constructors title of 1999 consecutively being won until the end of 2004, this was the teams most successful period. Currently, World Champions Kimi Räikkönen and Sebastian Vettel are the two race drivers. The team is known for its passionate support base known as the tifosi. The Italian Grand Prix at Monza is regarded as the home race. The Scuderia Ferrari team was founded by Enzo Ferrari on 16 November 1929 and became the team of Alfa Romeo. In 1938, Alfa Romeo management made the decision to enter racing under its own name, establishing the Alfa Corse organisation, Enzo Ferrari disagreed with this change in policy and was finally dismissed by Alfa in 1939. The terms of his leaving forbade him from motorsport under his own name, in 1939 Ferrari started work on a racecar of his own, the Tipo 815. The 815s, designed by Alberto Massimino, were thus the first Ferrari cars, World War II put a temporary end to racing, and Ferrari concentrated on an alternative use for his factory during the war years, doing machine tool work. After the war, Ferrari recruited several of his former Alfa colleagues and established a new Scuderia Ferrari, the team owns and operates a test track on the same site, the Fiorano Circuit built in 1972, which is used for testing road and race cars. The team is named after its founder, Enzo Ferrari, Scuderia is Italian for a stable reserved for racing horses and is also commonly applied to Italian motor racing teams. In 1947 Ferrari constructed the 12-cylinder,1.5 L Tipo 125, a Formula One version of the Tipo 125, the Ferrari 125 F1 was developed in 1948 and entered in several Grand Prix, at the time a World Championship had not yet been established. In 1950, the Formula One World Championship was established, and it is the only team to have competed in every season of the World Championship, from its inception to the current day. The company later switched to the large-displacement naturally aspirated formula for the 275,340, after the 1951 Formula One season the Alfa team withdrew from F1, causing the authorities to adopt the Formula Two regulations due to the lack of suitable F1 cars
Scuderia Ferrari
–
Phil Hill driving for Ferrari at the
1962 German Grand Prix.
Scuderia Ferrari
–
Ferrari
Scuderia Ferrari
–
Lorenzo Bandini driving for Ferrari at the
1966 German Grand Prix.
Scuderia Ferrari
–
Niki Lauda driving for Ferrari at the
1976 German Grand Prix.
38.
Michael Schumacher
–
Michael Schumacher is a German retired racing driver. He is a seven-time Formula One World Champion and is regarded as one of the greatest Formula One drivers of all time. He was named Laureus World Sportsman of the Year twice and he won two titles with Benetton in 1994 and 1995 before moving to Ferrari where he drove for eleven years. His time with Ferrari yielded five consecutive titles between 2000 and 2004, Schumacher holds many of Formula Ones driver records, including most championships, race victories, fastest laps, pole positions and races won in a single season –13 in 2004. In 2002, he became the driver in Formula One history to finish in the top three in every race of a season and then also broke the record for most consecutive podium finishes. According to the official Formula One website, he is statistically the greatest driver the sport has ever seen, after beginning in karting, Schumacher won the German drivers championships in Formula König and Formula Three before joining Mercedes in the World Sportscar Championship. In 1991, his Mercedes-funded race debut for the Jordan Formula One team resulted in Schumacher being signed by Benetton Formula One team as their driver for the rest of that season. Establishing himself as a top driver, finishing third in 1992 and fourth in 1993, in 1995 he repeated the success, this time with a greater margin. Schumacher moved to Ferrari in 1996, Schumacher came close to winning the 1997 and 1998 titles, before breaking his leg at the 1999 British Grand Prix, ending another title run. Things then came good for Schumacher who won five consecutive drivers titles from 2000 to 2004. Schumacher retired from Formula One driving in 2006 staying with Ferrari as an advisor and he came close to an eighth title that year, but due to technical problems in the final two races he fell short to Fernando Alonso. Schumacher agreed to return for Ferrari part-way through 2009, as cover for the badly injured Felipe Massa, Schumacher returned to Formula One on a permanent basis from 2010 with the Mercedes team before retiring for a second time at the conclusion of the 2012 season. Off the track, Schumacher is an ambassador for UNESCO and a spokesman for driver safety and he has been involved in numerous humanitarian efforts throughout his life and donated tens of millions of dollars to charity. In December 2013, Schumacher suffered a head injury while skiing. He was airlifted to a hospital and placed in an induced coma. He was in the coma for six months from 29 December 2013 until 16 June 2014 and he left the hospital in Grenoble for further rehabilitation at the University Hospital in Lausanne. On 9 September 2014, Schumacher was relocated to his home where he continues to receive medical treatment, Schumacher was born in Hürth, North Rhine-Westphalia, to Rolf Schumacher, a bricklayer, and his wife Elisabeth. When Schumacher was four, his father modified his pedal kart by adding a small motorcycle engine, when Schumacher crashed it into a lamp post in Kerpen, his parents took him to the karting track at Kerpen-Horrem, where he became the youngest member of the karting club
Michael Schumacher
–
Michael Schumacher in
2011
Michael Schumacher
–
Schumacher's title-winning German
Formula Three car from 1990
Michael Schumacher
–
Schumacher driving for
Benetton at the
1992 Monaco Grand Prix
Michael Schumacher
–
Schumacher drove the
Benetton B194 to his first World Championship in 1994.
39.
Eddie Irvine
–
Edmund Eddie Irvine Jr. is a retired British racing driver from Northern Ireland. He was a Formula One driver between 1993 and 2002, and runner-up in the 1999 World Drivers Championship, driving for Scuderia Ferrari. He began his career at the age of seventeen when he entered the Formula Ford Championship, achieving success, before progressing to the Formula Three. He made his Formula One debut in 1993 with Jordan Grand Prix and he scored his first podium in 1995 with Jordan, before moving to Ferrari in 1996. His most successful season was in 1999 when he took four victories and he moved to Jaguar Racing in 2000, scoring the teams first podium in 2001 and his final podium in 2002. Irvine retired from motorsport at the end of the 2002 season. Since retiring, Irvine became a personality in Great Britain. He was linked with the takeover of the Jordan and Minardi Formula One teams in 2005, Irvine also expanded his interests in the property market, having built up an investment portfolio during his racing career. Irvine was born on 10 November 1965 in Newtownards, County Down in Northern Ireland, to Edmund Sr. and he grew up in the village of Conlig and was educated at Regent House Grammar School in Newtownards. He has one sister, Sonia, who acted as Irvines physiotherapist until 1999. Irvines first taste of motorsport came when his family spent their holidays attending the British Grand Prix and his father also raced in single-seaters for fun. His childhood hero was countryman John Watson, Irvine began to compete with racing cars in 1983. He was initially interested in racing, but his parents thought the sport too dangerous and was encouraged by his father to race in Formula Ford. Irvine worked unpaid in his fathers scrapyard, in return for which and he won his first race at Brands Hatch in 1984, and an award for best driver. In 1987 he joined the Van Diemen team and won the Esso Formula Ford series, the RAC Formula Ford series, in the winter of 1987, Marlboro organised a test in which the fastest driver would be offered a drive for the following British Formula 3 season. Irvine was that driver and joined West Surrey Racing for 1988 and it was a season without any success and Irvine ended it in fifth place. He raced at the Macau Grand Prix for the first time and started the race from pole position, in 1989 Irvine competed in the International Formula 3000 Championship with Pacific Racing. Irvine finished the season in place, ahead of teammate JJ Lehto in thirteenth
Eddie Irvine
–
Eddie Irvine
Eddie Irvine
–
Eddie Irvine at the 1989
Macau Grand Prix. His helmet design was based on that of Ayrton Senna.
Eddie Irvine
–
Irvine driving for Jordan at the
1995 British Grand Prix
Eddie Irvine
–
Michael Schumacher, Irvine's team-mate at Ferrari
40.
WilliamsF1
–
Williams Grand Prix Engineering Limited, currently racing in Formula One as Williams Martini Racing, is a British Formula One motor racing team and constructor. It was founded and is run by team owner Sir Frank Williams, the team was formed in 1977 after Frank Williams two earlier unsuccessful F1 operations, Frank Williams Racing Cars and Wolf-Williams Racing. All of Williams F1 chassis are called FW then a number, Williams first race was the 1977 Spanish Grand Prix, where the new team ran a March chassis for Patrick Nève. Williams started manufacturing its own cars the year, and Switzerlands Clay Regazzoni won Williams first race at the 1979 British Grand Prix. Williams won nine Constructors Championships between 1980 and 1997 and this stood as a record until Ferrari surpassed it in 2000. Each of these drivers, with the exception of Senna and Button, have captured one title with the team. Of those who have won the championship with Williams, only Jones, Rosberg, Williams have worked with many engine manufacturers, most successfully with Renault, Williams won five of their nine constructors titles with the French company. Williams F1 also has business interests beyond Formula One racing, in April 2014, Williams Hybrid Power were sold to GKN. Williams Advanced Engineering had a centre in Qatar until it was closed in 2014. Frank Williams started the current Williams team in 1977 after his previous outfit, Frank Williams Racing Cars, despite the promise of a new owner in the form of Canadian millionaire Walter Wolf, the team rebranded as Wolf-Williams Racing in 1976, the cars were not competitive. Eventually Williams left the rechristened Walter Wolf Racing and moved to Didcot to rebuild his team as Williams Grand Prix Engineering, Frank recruited young engineer Patrick Head to work for the team, creating the Williams-Head partnership. In February 2011, Williams F1 announced their intention to float via a public offering on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange. Swiss-based Bank am Bellevue AG will act as sole global co-ordinator of up to 27. 39% of existing shares, Sir Frank Williams will remain majority shareholder and team principal after the IPO. The shares are valued at between 24 and 29 euros, which values the Williams F1 team at 265 million euros. In February 2017 the shares are divided in this way, Frank Williams 52, 25%, Brad Hollinger 14, 75%, Patrick Head 9%, 20% on the market place. Williams entered a custom March 761 for the 1977 season, lone driver Patrick Nève appeared at 11 races that year, starting with the Spanish Grand Prix. The new team failed to score a point, achieving a best finish of 7th at the Italian Grand Prix, for the 1978 season, Patrick Head designed his first Williams car, the FW06. Williams signed Australian Alan Jones, who had won the Austrian Grand Prix the previous season for a devastated Shadow team following the death of their lead driver, Tom Pryce
WilliamsF1
–
The
Williams FW06 from 1978, being raced at
Silverstone in 2007.
WilliamsF1
–
Williams-Mercedes
WilliamsF1
–
Keke Rosberg 's Williams FW08. This car was used during the
1982 season where Rosberg won the Drivers' Championship recording only a single win over the course of the season.
WilliamsF1
–
Nigel Mansell 's Williams FW10. This car was used during the
1985 season.
41.
Benetton Formula
–
Benetton Formula Ltd. commonly referred to simply as Benetton, was a Formula One constructor that participated from 1986 to 2001. The team was owned by the Benetton family who run a chain of clothing stores of the same name. In 2000 the team was purchased by Renault, but competed as Benetton for the 2000 and 2001 seasons, in 2002 the team became Renault F1. The Benetton Group entered Formula One as a company for Tyrrell in 1983, then Alfa Romeo in 1984 and 1985. Benetton Formula Ltd. was formed at the end of 1985 when the Toleman team was sold to the Benetton family, the team began with BMW engines and then later switched to Ford then Renault and finally Playlife. The team was managed by Flavio Briatore from 1990 until 1997, in about 1991, TWR acquired a one-third stake in the team, bringing in Tom Walkinshaw and Ross Brawn to run the engineering operations. Rocco Benetton, the youngest son of Luciano Benetton joined the team as Chief Executive in 1998 and he replaced him with Prodrive boss David Richards, who lasted only for a year when he too was fired, due to a disagreement with the Benetton family about future strategy. Following Richards departure, Rocco Benetton managed the team for three years until its sale to Renault, the Benetton team is best known for its success with Michael Schumacher, who accounts for 19 of the teams 27 career victories and their 2 drivers championships. After switching to Renault engines, they won the constructors championship in 1995 with Schumacher. After 1995, Schumacher moved to Ferrari along with Ross Brawn, on 16 March 2000, the team was sold to Renault for $120 million US. As part of their restructuring, Renault brought back Flavio Briatore as team manager, the team still used the Playlife engines they had been using for the last two years. The drivers were Giancarlo Fisichella and Alexander Wurz, the team scored 20 points, as well as 3 podium finishes in 2000 at Brazil, Monaco and Canada. During their final season in 2001 the drivers, Jenson Button and this was in part attributed to the new 111-degree wide angle engine. But continued development allowed Benetton to leave Formula 1 on something of a high, Button and Fisichella scored 10 points for the team, including a podium finish for Fisichella in Belgium. During the 1994 season, some teams claimed Benetton had found a way to violate the FIA-imposed ban on electronic aids, including traction control. On investigation, the FIA discovered start sequence software in the Benetton B194 cars, FIA had no evidence the software was ever used, so teams found with the software received little to no punishment. No traction control software was found to be in the Benetton cars, Flavio Briatore, Benettons chief in 1994, said in 2001 that Our only mistake was that at the time we were too young and people were suspicious. During the 1994 season Benetton removed a fuel filter from the rig used during pit stops
Benetton Formula
–
Benetton
Benetton Formula
–
Thierry Boutsen driving for Benetton at the
1988 Canadian Grand Prix.
Benetton Formula
–
Giancarlo Fisichella driving for Benetton at the
1999 Canadian Grand Prix.
Benetton Formula
–
Benetton's last Formula One car, the
B201 driven by
Jenson Button.
42.
V10 engine
–
A V10 engine is a V engine with 10 cylinders in two banks of five. It is longer than a V8 engine but shorter than an engine or V12 engine. The V10 is essentially the result of mating two even-firing straight-5 engines together, the straight-5 engine shows first and second order rocking motion. Here it should be assumed that the crankshaft with low second-order vibration is used, by mating the straight-5 banks at 90 degrees and using five throws, the balance shafts balance each other and become null. Using an 18° split journal crankshaft the firing order can be even. A 36° degree bank angle and a 108° flying arm crankshaft would allow even firing without a balance shaft and smaller counterweights, but would be impractical. Until recently, the V10 configuration was not a configuration for road cars. For Audi in their Audi R85 and it discontinued in that application after 2003. However,2003 also saw the introduction of the Dodge Ram SRT-10, the Viper engine has been tweaked through the years, and for the fifth-generation Viper produces 640 hp in a standard state of tune from its 8.4 liter displacement. The previous generation engine is used by Bristol, in tuned form, in their two-seat Fighter coupe, ford also developed a heavy-duty V10 version of their Triton engine to replace the 460 big block in truck applications. It was introduced in the E-Series/Econoline full-size van, the F-Series Super Duty and Excursion SUV furthered the engines popularity. The Triton 6.8 V10 is still in production today, european marques were slower to adopt the V10 configuration. However, high-revving V10 power-plants were incorporated into supercars from Lamborghini, BMW and Audi later unveiled ten-cylinder versions of their mid-range saloons. Audi here profited from their Lamborghini ownership, which allowed them to source the Gallardos V10 for their own cars, Volkswagen also developed a turbodiesel V10, their Volkswagen Phaeton was the first production sedan to have a V10. A list of post-war V10-engined production cars, The most widespread use of the V10 has been in Formula One racing, alfa Romeo made the first modern Formula One V10 in 1986, although it was never used in a Formula One car. Later the configuration was introduced by Honda and Renault before the 1989 season, the introduction of the 3.5 liter rule after turbos were outlawed following 1988 made the V10 seem the best compromise between the lower weight of a V8 and the higher power of a V12. V10 engines became commonplace after the reduction from 3.5 to 3 liters in 1995, Renault had a more flat 110° angle in 2002 and 2003, but reverted to a more conventional 72° following the change in rules which dictated that an engine must last two race weekends. The Audi R15 LMP1 Uses a TDI V10 Diesel Engine which made its debut in 200912 Hours of Sebring and this car completed the most laps ever in Le Mans 24 history
V10 engine
–
The
Dodge Viper V10
V10 engine
–
E60
BMW M5 V10 (
S85)
43.
Bridgestone
–
Bridgestone Corporation is a multinational auto and truck parts manufacturer founded in 1931 by Shojiro Ishibashi in the city of Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan. The name Bridgestone comes from a translation and transposition of ishibashi. As of 2015, the company is the largest manufacturer of tires in the world, Bridgestone Group had 141 production facilities in 24 countries as of 2005. The very first Bridgestone tire was produced on 9 April 1930, One year later on 1 March 1931, the founder, Shojiro Ishibashi, made the Tabi Socks Tyre Division independent and established the Bridgestone Tire Co. Ltd. in the city of Kurume, Fukuoka Prefecture. Bridgestone was named after the name of the founder, Shojiro Ishibashi, foregoing dependence on European and North American technology, the Bridgestone Tire Co. Ltd. set its eyes on manufacturing tires based largely on Japanese technology. The fledgling company experienced many difficulties in the areas of technology, production, eventually, improvements were achieved in quality and manufacturing processes which led to the business rapidly expanding in domestic and overseas markets. Wartime regulations were in effect throughout Japan, and tires also came under the jurisdiction of these regulations and this resulted in nearly all of the companys output being used to satisfy military demand. 1945 saw the end of armed conflict, but the company was devastated by the war, the Tokyo headquarters was destroyed during an aerial bombing raid, and all overseas assets were lost. Fortunately, the plants in Kurume and Yokohama escaped unscathed, brushing aside the problems caused by a labour union strike that lasted for forty-six days, the foundations of the company were further reinforced after this. In 1951, Bridgestone was the first company in Japan to begin selling rayon cord tires, and this year also saw another Bridgestone building opened in Kyōbashi, Tokyo, which contained the Bridgestone Museum. The company issued shares and was listed on the stock exchange in 1961. A new system of administration was ushered in by Shojiro Ishibashi as the chairman, also, additions were built onto the Tokyo plant in 1962 to house the new Technical Centre, and a progressive system of research and development was established. On the product front,1967 saw the sale of the companys first ever radial tire, Bridgestones first overseas plant since the end of the war was opened in Singapore in 1965, and production was also commenced in Thailand in 1969. Its Super Filler Radial was placed on the market in 1978, the company was actively engaged in overseas expansion activities at this time. The founder, Shojiro Ishibashi, died on 11 September 1976, on 1 March 1981, the company celebrated its 50th anniversary. New production facilities were established in Thailand, India, Poland, China. The company changed the name from Bridgestone Tyre Co. Ltd. to Bridgestone Corporation in 1984, in 1988, Bridgestone purchased the Firestone Tire and Rubber Company of Akron, Ohio. Placing considerable financial and personnel resources into rebuilding Firestone after the purchase, Bridgestone achieved surplus annual profits for the year 1992 with BFE, the Firestone Tire and Rubber Company and Bridgestone Tire Company Ltd USA were amalgamated in 1990 and became Bridgestone Firestone North American Holdings Ltd
Bridgestone
–
Head office in Tokyo.
Bridgestone
–
Schumacher in practice at the
2005 United States Grand Prix. Note the Bridgestone branding on the rear wing endplate, the Bridgestone's 'B' logo on the front wing, just under the nosecone and on the side winglet just before the rear wheel.
Bridgestone
–
Bridgestone used a
Ligier JS41 as test bed during 1996.
Bridgestone
–
Bridgestone Ameera, by Escape Marine.
44.
1997 Brazilian Grand Prix
–
The 1997 Brazilian Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Autódromo José Carlos Pace near Interlagos, Brazil on 30 March 1997. It was the race of the 1997 Formula One season. The 71-lap race was won by Williams driver Jacques Villeneuve after he started from pole position, gerhard Berger finished second for the Benetton team and Prost driver Olivier Panis was third. The Lola team arrived in Brazil still not having received any money from major sponsor MasterCard, already several million dollars in debt, the team returned to base without even completing a lap of the circuit. A few days later, the team withdrew from the championship. Jacques Villeneuve took his third consecutive, and his fifth, pole position after a 1,16.004. Gerhard Berger and Mika Häkkinen completed the second row, the race was red-flagged after several incidents at the original start. As in Australia, Jacques Villeneuve went off the track at the first corner, behind this, an incident involved several drivers including Damon Hill, Eddie Irvine, Giancarlo Fisichella and Jan Magnussen. Irvine took some blame for the incident, additionally, Rubens Barrichellos car failed on the line, and the track blockage was what ultimately caused the red flag. Barrichello took the restart in the spare Stewart, causing Magnussen to miss the race, the race was restarted with all 72 laps still remaining. Villeneuve had a start, as did the rest of the field. At the end of the first lap Villeneuve passed Michael Schumacher to retake the lead, later before the first pit stops Berger would also pass Schumacher down the pit straight into the first corner. Irvine came into the pits mid-race, having suffering from enormous pain due to his belts tightening up in the cockpit. Damon Hill was once affected by reliability issues, his engine failing with four laps remaining. He was running in place at one point, but had slipped down the field before retiring in the pits with an engine bay fire caused by an oil leak. The winner of the race, David Coulthard, was off the pace. Race Note Race stopped after first lap accident and restarted for total original distance, Jan Magnussen did not take the race restart. Note, Only the top five positions are included for both sets of standings
1997 Brazilian Grand Prix
–
1997 Brazilian Grand Prix
45.
1997 Argentine Grand Prix
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The 1997 Argentine Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Autódromo Oscar Alfredo Gálvez in Buenos Aires, Argentina on 13 April 1997. It was the race of the 1997 Formula One season. The 72-lap race was won by Williams driver Jacques Villeneuve after he started from pole position, Eddie Irvine finished second for the Ferrari team and Jordan driver Ralf Schumacher came in third. Most of the talk before the grand prix was about Heinz-Harald Frentzen and Eddie Irvine, despite going out of business, Lola Team Principal Eric Broadley was confident that the team could be up and running again by the San Marino Grand Prix, albeit with a new main sponsor. The Tyrrell team also caused a stir after arriving at the grand prix with four new wings on the car and they resembled x-wings and this was soon used as their nickname. The practice session bought no surprises with the two Williams cars first and second, as with the practice session, both Williams were once again on the front row, with Jacques Villeneuve on pole. The first real surprise of the weekend was the performance of Olivier Panis in the Prost, another strong performance was the fifth place of Rubens Barrichello in the Stewart. As expected, both McLarens qualified low down the field, complaining of poor handling on the bumpy surface, interestingly, slowest qualifier Pedro Dinizs lap time would have still been comfortably fast enough to have put him on pole for the previous years race. As the red lights went out, Jacques Villeneuve cleanly navigated the first corner, Michael Schumacher almost collided with Panis, but the Frenchman moved off line to drop a few places rather than to collide with the Ferrari. Going into the first corner, Michael Schumacher was alongside his teammate Irvine, however, Michael then understeered and crashed into the back of Barrichellos car causing the Brazilian to spin and getting himself to retire. Barrichello would eventually change his front nose and get going again, but in the melee, Coulthard crashed into the back of Ralf Schumachers Jordan, ripping of his front wheel and putting him out of the race. The track was unpassable with the back of the taking to the grass to get round the incident. At the restart after 4 laps, Villeneuve once again pulled away from Frentzen and Panis, the chance of victory for Prost ended on lap 18, also with throttle problems. On lap 24 the two Jordans collided with Giancarlo Fisichella retiring from the race, hill, who was up to 4th at one point, retired with engine failure on lap 33. Although in the final few laps Irvine closed the gap to Villeneuve, Irvine finished second, the highest finish of his career at that point, with Ralf Schumacher scoring his first podium in third. The talk before the race was on the futures of both Heinz-Harald Frentzen and Eddie Irvine, but both were reassured after the race. A strong performance from the German improved the relationship with Williams, on the podium the organisers mistakenly flew the Irish flag instead of the Union Jack, as was usually displayed, for Eddie Irvine. Records, Ralf Schumacher was the youngest ever driver on the podium and this was the 600th Grand Prix in Formula One history
1997 Argentine Grand Prix
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1997 Argentine Grand Prix
46.
1997 San Marino Grand Prix
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The 1997 San Marino Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Autodromo Enzo e Dino Ferrari, Italy on 27 April 1997. It was the race of the 1997 Formula One season. The 62-lap race was won by Williams driver Heinz-Harald Frentzen after he started from second position, Michael Schumacher finished second for the Ferrari team with his teammate Eddie Irvine third. In the early practice sessions the Ferrari and Benetton teams dominated, with a majority of the field experiencing some sort of problem with their car. One of the drivers was David Coulthard, who had a major off in the Saturday morning session, however, the Williams soon regained the top spot in the later sessions. Jacques Villeneuve made it four pole positions in a row once again taking pole. His teammate joined him on the front row, followed by Michael Schumacher, another performance by Olivier Panis. Heinz-Harald Frentzen took his maiden Formula One win driving for Williams after he held of a charge from Michael Schumacher. Jacques Villeneuve retired from third place with a gearbox failure, gerhard Berger started his 200th grand prix, however it ended in disappointment when he spun off early on. Race Details,1997 San Marino GP
1997 San Marino Grand Prix
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Jacques Villeneuve driving in the San Marino Grand Prix
1997 San Marino Grand Prix
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1997 San Marino Grand Prix
47.
1997 Spanish Grand Prix
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The 1997 Spanish Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held on 25 May 1997 at the Circuit de Catalunya. Michael Schumacher got off to a start, having started 7th, he ended the first lap in 2nd position. However, Schumacher, in the spare Ferrari, was unable to stay with the leader and was starting to slow the cars behind him and his lap-times were approximately 1,26 while Villeneuves was 1,22. Soon after, beginning from lap 29, three runners were starting to pit for the 2nd time. This enabled Panis to gain positions, and by lap 34, he was 4th, soon after, Panis overtook Coulthard, who was on inferior Goodyear tyres, in a fine move on the approach to turn 1. Panis managed to jump to 2nd place ahead of Alesi in the pits, Panis was gaining on the leader, Villeneuve, taking approximately 1.5 seconds per lap off the leader. By the end of lap 49, the gap was 10.8 seconds, however, during lap 50, Panis was held up by traffic, firstly Ralf Schumachers Jordan and then the Ferrari of Eddie Irvine. With marshalls not waving the flags, Irvine failed to let Panis through. When Irvine finally yielded on lap 57, Paniss race was ruined, Irvine would later get a stop-go penalty for his actions. This was Paniss final podium finish in Formula One and it was also a very rare occurrence of an all-French speaking podium. Note, Only the top five positions are included for both sets of standings
1997 Spanish Grand Prix
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1997 Spanish Grand Prix
48.
1997 Canadian Grand Prix
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The 1997 Canadian Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Circuit Gilles Villeneuve on 15 June 1997. The race was marred by a big crash involving Olivier Panis, the race ended under red flag conditions on lap 54 due to this crash. Michael Schumacher won ahead of Jean Alesi in the Benetton and Giancarlo Fisichella in the Jordan, David Coulthard had been leading, but was delayed for over a lap by a clutch problem during his second pit stop, shortly before Paniss crash. On lap 2, local hero Jacques Villeneuve crashed into the wall on the exit of the final corner and this wall would later be known as the Wall of Champions, after three former World Champions, including Villeneuve, crashed into it separately in 1999. It also marked the debut of Alexander Wurz, driving for Benetton in place of his compatriot Gerhard Berger and he had been suffering from a sinus illness for some time and during his time off his father was killed in a plane crash. Lap leaders, Michael Schumacher 34, David Coulthard 20 First Podium For, note, Only the top five positions are included for both sets of standings. GRAND PRIX RESULTS, CANADIAN GP,1997, archived from the original on 2007-07-09
1997 Canadian Grand Prix
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1997 Canadian Grand Prix
1997 Canadian Grand Prix
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Barrichello on his way to third on the grid, but would retire in the race.
49.
1997 French Grand Prix
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The 1997 French Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Circuit de Nevers, Magny-Cours, France on 29 June 1997. It was the round of the 1997 Formula One season. The 72-lap race was won by Michael Schumacher driving a Ferrari car after starting from pole position, heinz-Harald Frentzen finished second driving for the Williams team, with Eddie Irvine third in the other Ferrari. Schumachers win was his third of the season and his second consecutive win having won the preceding Canadian Grand Prix, at the start, Michael Schumacher led away from pole with Frentzen in the Williams behind him all the way. It was a bad start for Damon Hill, who lost his wing at the first corner after going off, the race was relatively uneventful until towards the end when a nearby thunderstorm caused rain around the circuit. Some drivers pitted for wet tyres whilst others stayed on their dry tyres, several drivers spun under the conditions, including Michael Schumacher. At the same time Jacques Villeneuve was reeling in Eddie Irvine for the final podium spot, Ralf Schumacher spun, losing sixth place, but as mentioned in the notes, Michael Schumacher, allowed him back through at the final corner. At the time, commentator Murray Walker said that it was a silly move, however, on the last lap Alesi pushed Coulthard straight off, costing Coulthard fifth place, thus giving Ralf Schumacher the final point because he had unlapped himself. Meanwhile, at the last corner, Villeneuve had caught Irvine, in a desperate lunge at the final corner he spun off, rejoined, and held off Alesi at the flag. Pedro Diniz outqualified team-mate Damon Hill for the first time, Michael allowed his brother Ralf to overtake him and unlap himself on the last corner. Ralf subsequently gained the last point of the day as a result, jarno Trulli switched from Minardi to Prost replacing the injured Olivier Panis. Trullis seat at Minardi went to Tarso Marques, norberto Fontana replaced Gianni Morbidelli at Sauber. Morbidelli had suffered from a broken arm, note, Only the top five positions are included for both sets of standings
1997 French Grand Prix
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1997 French Grand Prix
50.
1997 British Grand Prix
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The 1997 British Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Silverstone on 13 July 1997. It was the round of the 1997 Formula One season. Jacques Villeneuve won the race despite being stuck in the pitlane for half a minute during his first pitstop, two previous leaders retired from the race due to mechanical failures. Michael Schumacher led by over 40 seconds before a wheel bearing failure caused retirement, Mika Häkkinen seemed set for his first win but his engine blew while he was holding off Villeneuve, having made one stop to the Canadians two. Further back, Alexander Wurz scored his first podium finish in his third Grand Prix, david Coulthard ran 3rd early on, but faded with braking problems. Schumachers team-mate Eddie Irvine was close behind Villeneuve when both made their second pitstop, but his car failed as he exited the pits, the race was a disaster for Heinz-Harald Frentzen. He stalled on the grid with the race about to begin, forcing the start to be aborted. Then on the first lap Jos Verstappen crashed into the back of his Williams car at Becketts corner ending the Germans race immediately, damon Hill finally scored his first points for the Arrows team after a late retirement for Shinji Nakano. Lap leaders, Jacques Villeneuve 36, Michael Schumacher 15, Mika Häkkinen 8 Note, archived from the original on October 10,2007. Archived from the original on 14 August 2007, archived from the original on October 28,2007. Archived from the original on October 10,2007
1997 British Grand Prix
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Silverstone Circuit in its 1997 configuration
1997 British Grand Prix
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Damon Hill driving the Arrows A18 during the Grand Prix
1997 British Grand Prix
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Alexander Wurz passes a
yellow flag during the race.
Rubens Barrichello
Johnny Herbert
Jan Magnussen
Jos Verstappen
