Stoicism
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Stoicism is a philosophical movement and practical guide to living, emphasizing daily self-discipline and moral improvement, which originated in the Hellenistic period of ancient Greece and proliferat
A bust of Zeno of Citium, considered the founder of Stoicism
Chrysippus, the third leader of the Stoic school, wrote more than 300 books on logic. His works were lost, but an outline of his logical system may be reconstructed from fragments and testimony.
A bust of Seneca, a Stoic philosopher from the Roman Empire who served as an adviser to Nero
Marcus Aurelius, the Stoic Roman emperor
Epictetus
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Epictetus was a Greek Stoic philosopher. He was born into slavery at Hierapolis, Phrygia and lived in Rome until his banishment, after which he spent the rest of his life in Nicopolis in northwestern
Stoicism
…it has seen revivals, notably in the Renaissance (Neostoicism) and in the contemporary era. Its influence extended to Roman thinkers like Seneca and Epictetus and later influenced Christianity and the Renaissance Neostoicism movement. Stoicism shaped subsequent developments in logic and inspired modern cognitive…
Eighteenth-century line drawing depicting Epictetus with his crutch
Hadrian and Epictetus are depicted in a fifteenth-century manuscript, Bodleian library