1.
Liberal arts colleges in the United States
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Liberal arts colleges in the United States are certain undergraduate institutions of higher education in the United States. These schools are American institutions of education which have traditionally emphasized interactive instruction at the undergraduate level. These colleges also encourage a high level of interaction at the center of which are classes taught by full-time faculty rather than graduate student TAs. In addition, some colleges offer experimental curricula, Liberal arts colleges are also often associated with larger bodies or consortia. The largest association of liberal arts colleges in the United States is the Council of Independent Colleges, with more than 630 small. The Council of Public Liberal Arts Colleges is a consortium of liberal arts colleges. Many liberal arts colleges belong to the Annapolis Group, Oberlin Group, Womens College Coalition, a number of liberal arts colleges are involved in Project Pericles or the Eco League. Other well-known consortia in the Eastern United States include the Little Three, Colby-Bates Bowdoin Consortium, the Seven Sisters Colleges, similar consortia include the Claremont College Consortium in Southern California and the Associated Colleges of the Midwest in the Midwestern United States. Additional midwestern groups include the Five Colleges of Ohio, Associated Colleges of the Twin Cities, the Associated Colleges of the Midwest, groups in the Southern United States include the Associated Colleges of the South, and the Seven Sisters of the South. There are no passive ears, students and faculty work so closely together, teaching is an act of love. There is not only a relationship in class but professors become hiking companions, intramural teammates, dinner companions. Learning is collaborative rather than competitive, values are central, there is a sense of community. They are places of great synergy, where the whole becomes greater than the sum of the parts, aspirations are raised, young people are empowered. College and university rankings guides offer annual issues that rank liberal arts colleges separately from research universities, the Washington Monthly and U. S. News & World Report provide rankings specifically of liberal arts colleges. As a result, a majority of the approximately 80 presidents at the said that they did not intend to participate in the U. S. News reputational rankings in the future. Plus, the reputation of a school can help get that all-important first job, the peer survey is by nature subjective, but the technique of asking industry leaders to rate their competitors is a commonly accepted practice. The results from the survey also can act to level the playing field between private and public colleges. S. News has been supplying this exact college information for years already
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Roman Catholic
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The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church or the Universal Church, is the largest Christian church, with more than 1.28 billion members worldwide. As one of the oldest religious institutions in the world, it has played a prominent role in the history, headed by the Bishop of Rome, known as the Pope, the churchs doctrines are summarised in the Nicene Creed and the Apostles Creed. Its central administration is located in Vatican City, enclaved within Rome, the Catholic Church is notable within Western Christianity for its sacred tradition and seven sacraments. It teaches that it is the one church founded by Jesus Christ, that its bishops are the successors of Christs apostles. The Catholic Church maintains that the doctrine on faith and morals that it declares as definitive is infallible. The Latin Church, the Eastern Catholic Churches, as well as such as mendicant orders and enclosed monastic orders. Among the sacraments, the one is the Eucharist, celebrated liturgically in the Mass. The church teaches that through consecration by a priest the sacrificial bread and wine become the body, the Catholic Church practises closed communion, with only baptised members in a state of grace ordinarily permitted to receive the Eucharist. The Virgin Mary is venerated in the Catholic Church as Queen of Heaven and is honoured in numerous Marian devotions. The Catholic Church has influenced Western philosophy, science, art and culture, Catholic spiritual teaching includes spreading the Gospel while Catholic social teaching emphasises support for the sick, the poor and the afflicted through the corporal and spiritual works of mercy. The Catholic Church is the largest non-government provider of education and medical services in the world, from the late 20th century, the Catholic Church has been criticised for its doctrines on sexuality, its refusal to ordain women and its handling of sexual abuse cases. Catholic was first used to describe the church in the early 2nd century, the first known use of the phrase the catholic church occurred in the letter from Saint Ignatius of Antioch to the Smyrnaeans, written about 110 AD. In the Catechetical Discourses of Saint Cyril of Jerusalem, the name Catholic Church was used to distinguish it from other groups that call themselves the church. The use of the adjective Roman to describe the Church as governed especially by the Bishop of Rome became more widespread after the Fall of the Western Roman Empire and into the Early Middle Ages. Catholic Church is the name used in the Catechism of the Catholic Church. The Catholic Church follows an episcopal polity, led by bishops who have received the sacrament of Holy Orders who are given formal jurisdictions of governance within the church. Ultimately leading the entire Catholic Church is the Bishop of Rome, commonly called the pope, in parallel to the diocesan structure are a variety of religious institutes that function autonomously, often subject only to the authority of the pope, though sometimes subject to the local bishop. Most religious institutes only have male or female members but some have both, additionally, lay members aid many liturgical functions during worship services
3.
Congregation of Holy Cross
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The Congregation of Holy Cross or Congregatio a Sancta Cruce is a Catholic congregation of priests and brothers founded in 1837 by Blessed Father Basil Anthony-Marie Moreau, CSC, in Le Mans, France. Father Moreau also founded the Marianites of Holy Cross, now divided into three independent congregations of sisters, the Congregations of women who trace their origins to Father Moreau are the Marianites of Holy Cross, the Sisters of the Holy Cross, and the Sisters of Holy Cross. Basile Antoine-Marie Moreau was born at Laigné-en-Belin, near Le Mans, France, Moreau was raised in a time when the Catholic Church was facing intense pressure and was being stripped of land, resources, and rights. When Moreau decided to enter the priesthood, he was forced to undergo his training in secret for fear that the French government would arrest him. He completed his studies and was ordained for the Diocese of Le Mans in 1821, the French government continued to work for the removal of the Church from the educational system, which left many Catholics without a place to be educated or catechized. It was out of this environment that Fr, Moreau and a fellow priest came forward to form what is now the Congregation of Holy Cross. On July 15,1820 a priest of the Diocese of Le Mans, jacques-Francois Dujarié, brought together a group of zealous men to serve the educational needs of the people in the French countryside. Dujarié named this group the Brothers of St. Joseph, but at the time none of the men were vowed religious, by 1835 this group was well established in the diocese, but Fr. Dujarié was slowing down and they were in need of a new leader, Moreau had formed a similar group, which he called Auxiliary Priests, to serve the educational and evangelization needs of the Diocese of Le Mans. Moreau had met previously and discussed their views on the future of the Church in France, Moreau was just the man he was looking for. With the consent of the bishop, Moreau was given control of the Brothers of St. Joseph on August 31,1835 and he was now the head of two organizations, the Auxiliary Priests and the Brothers of St. Joseph. Moreau made the decision to combine his two communities into one society so that the priests and brothers could share resources and ministries in common. On March 1,1837 the priests and brothers gathered in the Sainte-Croix district of Le Mans to sign the Fundamental Act of Union which legally joined them into one association and this new group took on the name of where they met and became the Association of Holy Cross. Initially Holy Cross was a group and so they primarily served in whatever capacity the bishop asked of them. In 1840 this changed when Fr, Moreau received a request to send a delegation from his society to Algeria with the purpose of establishing schools and a seminary. It was at point that Fr. Moreau shifted the focus of Holy Cross and after the first missionaries left in April 1840 the association took on the identity of a religious institute, Moreau and four others became the first professed religious in the Association of Holy Cross. As part of his plan to form this religious institute, Fr, Moreau also brought together the first group of women who would become the Marianites of Holy Cross
4.
Financial endowment
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A financial endowment is a donation of money or property to a nonprofit organization for the ongoing support of that organization. An endowment may come with stipulations regarding its usage, the total value of an institutions investments is often referred to as the institutions endowment and is typically organized as a public charity, private foundation, or trust. Among the institutions that commonly manage endowments are academic institutions, cultural institutions, service organizations, the earliest endowed chairs were those established by the Roman emperor and Stoic philosopher Marcus Aurelius in Athens in AD176. Aurelius created one endowed chair for each of the schools of philosophy, Platonism, Aristotelianism, Stoicism. Later, similar endowments were set up in other major cities of the Empire. Today, the University of Glasgow has fifteen Regius Professorships, private individuals soon adopted the practice of endowing professorships. Isaac Newton held the Lucasian Chair of Mathematics at Cambridge beginning in 1669, unrestricted endowment can be used in any way the recipient chooses to carry out its mission. Term endowment funds stipulate that all or part of the principal may be expended only after the expiration of a period of time or occurrence of a specified event. Quasi endowment funds must retain the purpose and intent as specified by the donor or source of the original funds, Endowment revenue can be restricted by donors to serve many purposes. Endowed professorships or scholarships restricted to a subject are common. Ignoring the restriction is called invading the endowment, but change of circumstance or financial duress like bankruptcy can preclude carrying out the donors intent. A court can alter the use of restricted endowment under a doctrine called cy-près meaning to find an alternative as near as possible to the donors intent, the restricted/unrestricted distinction focuses on the use of the funds, see quasi-endowment below for a distinction about whether principal can be spent. Academic institutions, such as colleges and universities, will control a endowment fund that finances a portion of the operating or capital requirements of the institution. In addition to an endowment fund, each university may also control a number of restricted endowments that are intended to fund specific areas within the institution. The most common examples are endowed professorships, and endowed scholarships or fellowships, in the United States, the endowment is often integral to the financial health of educational institutions. Alumni or friends of institutions sometimes contribute capital to the endowment, the endowment funding culture is strong in the United States and Canada but less pronounced overseas, with the exceptions of Cambridge and Oxford universities. Endowment funds have also created to support secondary and elementary school districts in several states in the United States. An endowed professorship is a position permanently paid for with the revenue from an endowment fund set up for that purpose
5.
Easton, Massachusetts
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Easton is a town in Bristol County, Massachusetts, United States. The population was 23,112 at the 2010 census and it is part of the Greater Boston area, but is also part of the 6-county definition of the Providence MSA. Easton is governed by an elected Board of Selectmen, open Town Meeting acts as the legislative branch of the town. The Selectman choose a Town Administrator to run the operations of the town. Easton was first settled in 1694 and was incorporated in 1725. In 1694, the first settler, Clement Briggs, established his home near the Easton Green, in 1711, the Taunton North Purchase area became Norton, and in 1713, the sixty-nine families settled in Easton and hired Elder William Pratt as their first minister. Prior to the establishment, the area was occupied by Native Americans as a hunting area. During King Philips War, Metacom, also known as King Philip, there was no legal parish in Easton until 1722, when the East Precinct of Norton was recognized. In 1725, the area was incorporated as the Town of Easton, in 1803, the Ames Shovel Works was established and became nationally known as having provided the shovels which laid the Union Pacific Railroad and opened the west. In 1875, the production of the Ames plant was worth 1.5 million. The most notable of the Ames family were Oakes Ames, a key figure in the Crédit Mobilier of America scandal, in addition, there is a commercial building at 69 Main Street which designed and build in the nineteenth century by Richardsons office in a Richardsonian style. The Richardson buildings are all located within an area designated as the H. H. Richardson Historic District. The area also includes The Rockery, designed by Frederick Law Olmsted, who also landscaped grounds of Oakes Ames Memorial Hall and the Ames Free Library. Within a few blocks of the H. H. Richardson Historic District is Unity Church, built by the Ames family in 1875, figure of Wisdom, completed in 1901, is the largest stained-glass work created by LaFarge. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has an area of 29.2 square miles. All of the waterways are considered part of the Taunton River Watershed area. Easton forms the corner of Bristol County, where the county intersects with Plymouth County to the east. Easton is located in eastern Massachusetts, as of the census of 2000, there were 22,299 people,7,489 households, and 5,571 families residing in the town
6.
Massachusetts
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It is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the east, the states of Connecticut and Rhode Island to the south, New Hampshire and Vermont to the north, and New York to the west. The state is named for the Massachusett tribe, which inhabited the area. The capital of Massachusetts and the most populous city in New England is Boston, over 80% of Massachusetts population lives in the Greater Boston metropolitan area, a region influential upon American history, academia, and industry. Originally dependent on agriculture, fishing and trade, Massachusetts was transformed into a manufacturing center during the Industrial Revolution, during the 20th century, Massachusetts economy shifted from manufacturing to services. Modern Massachusetts is a leader in biotechnology, engineering, higher education, finance. Plymouth was the site of the first colony in New England, founded in 1620 by the Pilgrims, in 1692, the town of Salem and surrounding areas experienced one of Americas most infamous cases of mass hysteria, the Salem witch trials. In 1777, General Henry Knox founded the Springfield Armory, which during the Industrial Revolution catalyzed numerous important technological advances, in 1786, Shays Rebellion, a populist revolt led by disaffected American Revolutionary War veterans, influenced the United States Constitutional Convention. In the 18th century, the Protestant First Great Awakening, which swept the Atlantic World, in the late 18th century, Boston became known as the Cradle of Liberty for the agitation there that led to the American Revolution. The entire Commonwealth of Massachusetts has played a commercial and cultural role in the history of the United States. Before the American Civil War, Massachusetts was a center for the abolitionist, temperance, in the late 19th century, the sports of basketball and volleyball were invented in the western Massachusetts cities of Springfield and Holyoke, respectively. Many prominent American political dynasties have hailed from the state, including the Adams, both Harvard University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, also in Cambridge, have been ranked among the most highly regarded academic institutions in the world. Massachusetts public school students place among the top nations in the world in academic performance, the official name of the state is the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. While this designation is part of the official name, it has no practical implications. Massachusetts has the position and powers within the United States as other states. Massachusetts was originally inhabited by tribes of the Algonquian language family such as the Wampanoag, Narragansett, Nipmuc, Pocomtuc, Mahican, and Massachusett. While cultivation of crops like squash and corn supplemented their diets, villages consisted of lodges called wigwams as well as longhouses, and tribes were led by male or female elders known as sachems. Between 1617 and 1619, smallpox killed approximately 90% of the Massachusetts Bay Native Americans, the first English settlers in Massachusetts, the Pilgrims, arrived via the Mayflower at Plymouth in 1620, and developed friendly relations with the native Wampanoag people. This was the second successful permanent English colony in the part of North America that later became the United States, the event known as the First Thanksgiving was celebrated by the Pilgrims after their first harvest in the New World which lasted for three days
7.
Geographic coordinate system
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A geographic coordinate system is a coordinate system used in geography that enables every location on Earth to be specified by a set of numbers, letters or symbols. The coordinates are chosen such that one of the numbers represents a vertical position. A common choice of coordinates is latitude, longitude and elevation, to specify a location on a two-dimensional map requires a map projection. The invention of a coordinate system is generally credited to Eratosthenes of Cyrene. Ptolemy credited him with the adoption of longitude and latitude. Ptolemys 2nd-century Geography used the prime meridian but measured latitude from the equator instead. Mathematical cartography resumed in Europe following Maximus Planudes recovery of Ptolemys text a little before 1300, in 1884, the United States hosted the International Meridian Conference, attended by representatives from twenty-five nations. Twenty-two of them agreed to adopt the longitude of the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, the Dominican Republic voted against the motion, while France and Brazil abstained. France adopted Greenwich Mean Time in place of local determinations by the Paris Observatory in 1911, the latitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle between the equatorial plane and the straight line that passes through that point and through the center of the Earth. Lines joining points of the same latitude trace circles on the surface of Earth called parallels, as they are parallel to the equator, the north pole is 90° N, the south pole is 90° S. The 0° parallel of latitude is designated the equator, the plane of all geographic coordinate systems. The equator divides the globe into Northern and Southern Hemispheres, the longitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle east or west of a reference meridian to another meridian that passes through that point. All meridians are halves of great ellipses, which converge at the north and south poles, the prime meridian determines the proper Eastern and Western Hemispheres, although maps often divide these hemispheres further west in order to keep the Old World on a single side. The antipodal meridian of Greenwich is both 180°W and 180°E, the combination of these two components specifies the position of any location on the surface of Earth, without consideration of altitude or depth. The grid formed by lines of latitude and longitude is known as a graticule, the origin/zero point of this system is located in the Gulf of Guinea about 625 km south of Tema, Ghana. To completely specify a location of a feature on, in, or above Earth. Earth is not a sphere, but a shape approximating a biaxial ellipsoid. It is nearly spherical, but has an equatorial bulge making the radius at the equator about 0. 3% larger than the radius measured through the poles, the shorter axis approximately coincides with the axis of rotation
8.
NCAA Division II
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Division II is an intermediate-level division of competition in the National Collegiate Athletic Association. It offers an alternative to both the larger and better-funded Division I and to the scholarship-free environment offered in Division III, before 1973, the NCAAs smaller schools were grouped together in the College Division. In 1973, the College Division split in two when the NCAA began using numeric designations for its competitions, nationally, ESPN televises the championship game in football, CBS televises the mens basketball championship, and ESPN2 televises the womens basketball championship. CBS Sports Network broadcasts six football games on Thursdays during the regular season, the official slogan of NCAA Division II, implemented in 2015, is Make It Yours. There are currently 300 full and 20 provisional members of Division II with seven institutions moving to full membership in September 2015, Division II schools tend to be smaller public universities and many private institutions. A large minority of Division II institutions have fewer than 2,499 students, only six institutions have more than 15,000 students. Division II has a membership, with two active member institutions in Alaska and four in Hawaii. Additionally, it is the division that has member institutions in Puerto Rico. Simon Fraser University became the first institution outside the US to enter the NCAA membership process and this occurred after the Division II Membership Committee accepted the institutions application during a July 7–9 meeting in Indianapolis, Indiana. Simon Fraser, located in the Vancouver suburb of Burnaby, British Columbia, prospective members also must complete at least one year of provisional status before being accepted as full-time Division II members. In the fall of 2012, the NCAA Presidents Council officially approved Simon Fraser University as the organizations first international member. Division II institutions have to sponsor at least five sports for men and five for women, for sports other than football and basketball there are no scheduling requirements. There are not attendance requirements for football, nor arena size requirements for basketball, there are maximum financial aid awards for each sport, as well as a separate limit on financial aid awards in mens sports, that a Division II school must not exceed. Division II teams usually feature a number of local or in-state student-athletes, many Division II student-athletes pay for school through a combination of scholarship money, grants, student loans and employment earnings. Division II athletics programs are financed in the institutions budget like other departments on campus. Traditional rivalries with regional institutions dominate schedules of many Division II athletics programs, Athletic scholarships are offered in most sponsored sports at most institutions, but with more stringent limits as to the numbers offered in any one sport than at the Division I level. For example, Division II schools may give financial aid in football equivalent to 36 full scholarships, two exceptions to this rule currently exist. First, football players transferring from a Division I FBS school to a Division I FCS school do not have to sit out a year
9.
Northeast-10 Conference
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The Northeast-10 Conference is a collegiate athletic conference affiliated with the National Collegiate Athletic Association ’s Division II level. Member institutions are located in the northeastern United States in the states of Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New York and it is the only Division II collegiate hockey conference in the United States. In 1981, Saint Anselm College was the team to join. The “Northeast-10” name came about in 1987 when Saint Michaels College, the conference remained stable until 1995 when Springfield College left for Division III. Quinnipiac moved to the Division I Northeast Conference to again return the membership to ten, the last major expansion took place prior to 2000, when five new schools joined the fold. In December 2007, Adelphi University announced it had joined the league, to start the 2008-2009 academic year the NE-10 still had 15 members and expanded to 16 in 2009-10. With that major expansion, the NE-10 now stands as the second-largest NCAA Division II conference in the nation, the strength in numbers was the guiding force in the addition and strengthening of a number of championship sports the league now offers. However, because the NE-10 is the sole Division II hockey league, on July 1,2013, UMass Lowell left the NE-10 to join the Division I America East Conference. With the departure of UMass Lowell, the Northeast-10 Conference has 15 remaining members, since the addition of those five institutions, the league has added football, indoor track and field, and outdoor track and field as championship sports. The conference also continued to expand in the classroom, each year, the NE-10 honors a record number of scholar athletes to the Commissioner’s Honor Roll. David Brunk, the first full-time commissioner in history, announced in April he was resigning July 1,2007 to take over the Peach Belt Conference. Brunk had been commissioner since 1998, julie Ruppert became the next full-time commissioner in June 2008, becoming the first female Division II commissioner in the country. Long Island–Post — football was a member from 2001–2008. Full member Full member Associate member Associate member American International — Golf begins play in 2017, Franklin Pierce — Swimming & Diving begins play in 2017. Stonehill — Golf begins play in 2017, ‡ — D-I sport Franklin Pierce, Saint Anselm, Saint Michaels — Ice Hockey joins New Conference in 2017
10.
Stonehill Skyhawks
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The Stonehill Skyhawks are the intercollegiate athletic teams that represent Stonehill College, located in Easton, Massachusetts, in NCAA sporting competitions. All Skyhawk athletic teams compete at the Division II level and are members of the Northeast-10 Conference, Stonehill has been a member of the NE-10 since 1980. The committee ruled that a new mascot be named as the institutions athletic identity, therefore, in the following year the college held open forums in which students, alumni, and faculty were asked to submit ideas for the new identity, vote on suggestions, and gauge popularity. The actual name Skyhawks is not a reference to either a bird or animal, the Navy used the field for training exercises and would employ the Skyhawk aircraft between 1954–1995. W. B. Mason Stadium is a 2,400 seat, opened in 2005 at a cost of $4 million, it is the home of Skyhawk football, lacrosse, field hockey, and track & field. W. B. Mason, a dealer based in nearby Brockton, Massachusetts. The stadium was dedicated on September 10,2005, most of the seating is bleacher-style, the two midfield sections have stadium seating with seat-backs. After the stadiums formal dedication on September 10,2005, Stonehill defeated Pace University 17–13 in the first football game played in the new stadium. On Saturday September 8,2012, the Skyhawks defeated Southern Connecticut State University for the first time in 15 years, in addition to breaking the losing streak, Stonehill also became the first team to shutout the Owls in 12 years. The game drew an overcapacity crowd that saw heavily favored New Haven win 45–41 on a touchdown pass
11.
Liberal arts education
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Grammar, logic, and rhetoric were the core liberal arts, while arithmetic, geometry, the theory of music, and astronomy also played a part in education. In modern times, liberal arts education term that can be interpreted in different ways and it can refer to academic subjects such as literature, philosophy, mathematics, and social and physical sciences, or it can also refer to overall studies in a liberal arts degree program. For example, Harvard University offers a Bachelor of Arts degree, for both interpretations, the term generally refers to matters not relating to the professional, vocational, or technical curriculum. The four scientific artes – music, arithmetic, geometry and astronomy – were known from the time of Boethius onwards as the Quadrivium. After the 9th century, the three arts of the humanities – grammar, logic, and rhetoric – were classed as well as the Trivium. It was in that form that the seven liberal arts were studied in the medieval Western university. During the Middle Ages, logic gradually came to take predominance over the parts of the Trivium. In the Renaissance, the Italian humanists and their Northern counterparts, despite in many respects continuing the traditions of the Middle Ages, the ideal of a liberal arts, or humanistic education grounded in classical languages and literature, persisted until the middle of the twentieth century. Some subsections of the arts are in the trivium—the verbal arts, grammar, logic, and rhetoric, and in the quadrivium—the numerical arts, arithmetic, geometry, music. Analyzing and interpreting information is also included, the liberal arts education at the secondary school level prepares the student for higher education at a university. They are thus meant for the more academically minded students, in addition to the usual curriculum, students of a liberal arts education often study Latin and Ancient Greek. Some liberal arts education provide general education, others have a specific focus, today, a number of other areas of specialization exist, such as gymnasiums specializing in economics, technology or domestic sciences. In some countries, there is a notion of progymnasium, which is equivalent to beginning classes of the full gymnasium, here, the prefix pro is equivalent to pre. In the United States, liberal arts colleges are schools emphasizing undergraduate study in the liberal arts, in most parts of Europe, liberal arts education is deeply rooted. In Germany, Austria and countries influenced by their education system, the term is not to be mixed up with some modern educational concepts that use a similar wording. Educational institutions that see themselves in that tradition are often a Gymnasium and they aim at providing their pupils with comprehensive education in order to form personality with regard to a pupils own humanity as well as his/her innate intellectual skills. Going back to the tradition of the liberal arts in Europe, education in the above sense was freed from scholastic thinking. In particular, Wilhelm von Humboldt played a key role in that regard, universities encourage students to do so and offer respective opportunities, but do not make such activities part of the universitys curriculum
12.
College
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College is an educational institution or a constituent part of one. A college may be a tertiary educational institution, a part of a collegiate or federal university. In ancient Rome a collegium was a club or society, a group of living together under a common set of rules. Aside from the educational context - nowadays the most common use of college - there are various other meanings also derived from the original Latin term. In the United States, college can be a synonym for university, in Singapore and India, this is known as a junior college. The municipal government of the city of Paris uses the sixth form college as the English name for a lycée. In some national education systems, secondary schools may be called colleges or have college as part of their title, in Australia the term college is applied to any private or independent primary and, especially, secondary school as distinct from a state school. Melbourne Grammar School, Cranbrook School, Sydney and The Kings School, there has also been a recent trend to rename or create government secondary schools as colleges. In the state of Victoria, some high schools are referred to as secondary colleges. Interestingly, the pre-eminent government secondary school for boys in Melbourne is still named Melbourne High School, in Western Australia, South Australia and the Northern Territory, college is used in the name of all state high schools built since the late 1990s, and also some older ones. In New South Wales, some schools, especially multi-campus schools resulting from mergers, are known as secondary colleges. In Queensland some newer schools which accept primary and high school students are styled state college, in Tasmania and the Australian Capital Territory, college refers to the final two years of high school, and the institutions which provide this. In this context, college is an independent of the other years of high school. Here, the expression is a version of matriculation college. This is because these schools have traditionally focused on academic, rather than vocational, subjects. Some private secondary schools choose to use the college in their names nevertheless. Some secondary schools elsewhere in the country, particularly ones within the school system. In New Zealand the word normally refers to a secondary school for ages 13 to 17
13.
University of Notre Dame
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The University of Notre Dame du Lac is a Catholic research university located adjacent to South Bend, Indiana, in the United States. In French, Notre Dame du Lac means Our Lady of the Lake and refers to the patron saint. The main campus covers 1,250 acres in a setting and it contains a number of recognizable landmarks, such as the Golden Dome, the Word of Life mural. The school was founded on November 26,1842, by Father Edward Sorin, CSC, Today, many Holy Cross priests continue to work for the university, including the president of the university. Notre Dame is a large, four-year, highly residential research university, undergraduate students are organized into four colleges, and the Architecture School. The latter is known for teaching New Classical Architecture and for awarding the globally renowned annual Driehaus Architecture Prize, the university offers over 50 foreign study abroad yearlong programs and over 15 summer programs. It maintains a system of libraries, cultural venues, artistic and scientific museums, including the Hesburgh Library and the Snite Museum of Art. Over 80% of the universitys 8,000 undergraduates live on campus in one of 29 single-sex residence halls, each with its own traditions, legacies, events, the university counts approximately 120,000 alumni. The universitys athletic teams are members of the NCAA Division I and are known collectively as the Fighting Irish, other ND sport teams, chiefly in the Atlantic Coast Conference, have accumulated 16 national championships. The Notre Dame Victory March is often regarded as the most famous, started as a small all-male institution in 1842 and charter in 1844, Notre Dame reached international fame at the beginning of the 20th century. Ever since, the University has seen growth, and under the leadership of the next two presidents, Rev. Malloy and Rev. Jenkins, many infrastructure and research expansions have been completed. In 1842, the Bishop of Vincennes, Célestine Guynemer de la Hailandière, offered land to Father Edward Sorin of the Congregation of Holy Cross, on the condition that he build a college in two years. Sorin arrived on the site with eight Holy Cross brothers from France and Ireland on November 26,1842 and he soon erected additional buildings, including the Old College, the first church, and the first main building. They immediately acquired two students and set about building additions to the campus, Notre Dame began as a primary and secondary school, but soon received its official college charter from the Indiana General Assembly on January 15,1844. Under the charter the school is named the University of Notre Dame du Lac. Because the university was only for male students, the female-only Saint Marys College was founded by the Sisters of the Holy Cross near Notre Dame in 1844. The first degrees from the college were awarded in 1849, the university was expanded with new buildings to accommodate more students and faculty. With each new president, new programs were offered and new buildings built to accommodate them
14.
University of Holy Cross
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The University of Holy Cross is a liberal arts college in New Orleans, Louisiana. UOHC was founded in 1916 as a two-year womens normal school by the Marianites of Holy Cross and its original location was in the Bywater area of New Orleans. It became a 4-year institution in 1938, in 1947, a 40-acre parcel of land in Algiers was donated to the Marianites. The college completed a move across the river to new site in 1960. Its area was reduced by a sale. Men were first admitted in 1967, in August 2011, the Marianites dismissed the colleges president and all 19 of its trustees without warning. The move prompted an investigation by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges, following the investigation, SACS placed the college on probation for six months. In January 2016, the institution, formerly Our Lady of Holy Cross College, was renamed the University of Holy Cross, UOHC is on a 16-acre campus in a middle-class residential neighborhood of the Algiers area of New Orleans on the west bank of the Mississippi River. It is built primarily in the Southern Colonial style, there are more than 50 undergraduate and graduate programs
15.
King's College (Pennsylvania)
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Kings College, formally The College of Christ the King, is a Roman Catholic liberal arts college in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, United States. It is accredited by the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools, Kings has been ranked among the best colleges in the nation by U. S. News, Kings College ranked 500 out of the 650 best colleges in the nation according to Forbes magazine. Kings is the only Luzerne County college or university, and one of two institutions in Northeastern Pennsylvania, to be included in the Forbes list. The Presidents Higher Education Community Service Honor Roll recognized Kings innovative and effective service and service learning programs, the College is located within the Diocese of Scranton. Kings College was founded in 1946 by Congregation of Holy Cross priests, the original mission of the college was to educate the sons of local miners and mill workers who lived in the Northeastern Pennsylvania region. It was created for Kings in 1954 by renowned African-American sculptor and Wilkes-Barre resident, in June 1972, massive flooding occurred in downtown Wilkes-Barre. Rains from Tropical Storm Agnes caused the neighboring Susquehanna River to overflow, the campus covers nearly 50 acres in downtown Wilkes-Barre. Situated at the center of the campus, Monarch Court is the site of many community activities. The Court includes an area that encompasses a large Kings Block K, also in brick. Each of the surrounding the K is engraved with the names of students, alumni. The new Kings on the Square facility is a vibrant and dynamic center for learning and living in the heart of downtown Wilkes-Barre, Kings on the Square is home to a number of in-demand programs, including Physician Assistant Studies, Athletic Training, and Exercise Science. The new center offers attractive and safe student residences that students in direct contact with the downtown environment. Kings on the Square also includes and an art and cultural center and a Chick-fil-A restaurant for students, faculty, staff. Founded in 1946 by Congregation of Holy Cross priests and brothers from the University of Notre Dame, Kings grants bachelors degrees in 40 majors,11 concentrations, and seven pre-professional programs. All of the programs at Kings encourage students to develop practical experience and skills that prepare them to pursue rewarding. The colleges newest programs include civil and mechanical engineering and nursing, the average class size is 18 with a student-to-faculty ratio of 12,1. The average GPA for entering first-year students is 3.4, the college has 152 full-time and 77 part-time faculty members. Eighty-five percent of faculty members have Ph. D. or an equivalent terminal degrees
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University of Portland
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The University of Portland is a private Roman Catholic university located in Portland, Oregon, United States. It is affiliated with the Congregation of Holy Cross, which also founded UPs sister school the University of Notre Dame, founded in 1901, UP has a student body of about 4,000 students. UP is ranked 8th in the west for Regional Universities in 2015 by U. S. News & World Report, the campus is located in the University Park neighborhood near St. Johns, on a bluff overlooking the Willamette River. With a college of arts and sciences, a school, and schools of business, education, engineering. It is the largest corporation in North Portland and has an economic impact on Portland of some $170 million. More than 13,000 alumni live in the Portland metropolitan area, the first institution located on Wauds Bluff was Portland University, which was established by the Methodist Episcopal Church in 1891. He learned that it was called West Hall and had been unoccupied for years since the closure of Portland University. The university opened its doors to 52 young men on September 5,1901, at the request of the archbishop, the Congregation of the Holy Cross assumed ownership of the university in 1902. After two decades, Columbia University achieved junior college status, in 1925, the universitys College of Arts and Sciences was founded, and in 1929, a class of seven men were awarded the universitys first bachelors degrees. In 1935, the took on its present name. The 1930s also saw the St. Vincent Hospital school incorporated to the University as the School of Nursing, in 1948 the school of Engineering was founded, followed by the Graduate School in 1950 and the School of Education in 1962. University of Portland admitted women to all courses of study in 1951, prior to this transition, Marylhurst University had been the only Catholic institution of higher learning to serve the educational needs of Oregon women. The building housing the library was completed in 1957, in 1967 ownership of the school was transferred from the Congregation of Holy Cross to a board of Regents. Multnomah College became part of the University of Portland in 1969, the University of Portland was ranked the 23rd top college in the United States by Payscale and CollegeNets Social Mobility Index college rankings. The University of Portland is ranked as the 8th best Regional University, the University of Portland is also the top producer of Fulbright scholars in the entire nation among “master’s universities”. Admission to UP is rated as selective by U. S. News & World Report. For fall 2014, UP received 11,099 freshmen applications,6,986 were admitted, the average GPA of the enrolled freshmen was 3.63, while the middle 50% range of SAT scores were 540-660 for critical reading and 540-650 for math. Of the 48% of enrolled freshmen submitting class rank, 35% were in the top tenth of their high school graduating class, the most popular majors for undergraduates are Nursing, Biology, Marketing & Management, Finance, Elementary Education, Organizational Communication, Psychology, and Spanish
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Saint Mary's College (Indiana)
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The name of the school refers to the Blessed Virgin Mary. Saint Marys offers five degrees and more than 30 major areas of study, such as business, nursing, art, chemistry. Additionally, Saint Marys College offers two degrees, a Master of Science and a Doctorate. Founded in 1844 by the Sisters of the Holy Cross, Saint Marys Colleges mission is to educate students, develop their talents, Saint Marys College ranks among the top 100 Best National Liberal Arts Colleges for 2015 as published by U. S. News & World Report. The college combines a liberal arts program with a spiritual foundation. On February 17,2016 the college announced Janice Cervelli as the President-elect, in 1844, the sisters opened their first school in Bertrand, Michigan, a few miles from Notre Dame, it was a boarding academy with pre-collegiate grades. In 1855 the school moved to its present site, first becoming St. Marys Academy, the campus sits across the street from the university. Saint Marys College was the first womens college in the Great Lakes region, today the school offers five bachelors degrees and, beginning in 2015, two masters degrees. There are approximately 18,000 living alumnae, proposals to merge with University of Notre Dame in the early 1970s were rejected, and Notre Dame became coeducational on its own in 1972. Jan Cervelli became the 12th and current president of Saint Marys in 2016, the College resides within the Diocese of Fort Wayne-South Bend. 10,1 student/faculty ratio 87% of regular full-time faculty have their Ph. D, a program that allows students to create their own major. Each varsity sport has its own Academic Advisor, opportunities for internships and volunteer service. 93% of Saint Marys graduates earn a degree within four years, Saint Marys current student population comprises more than 1500 women from 43 states and 5 foreign countries. Multicultural and international students represent 19% of the student body, of the entering Class of 2017, 23% are member of historically underrepresented groups. The Saint Marys College Womens Choir, a select 40-voice ensemble under the direction of Nancy Menk, regularly commissions and performs new works for womens voices. The Choir tours nationally every year, and regularly performs with the University of Notre Dame Glee Club in joint performances of major works with the South Bend Symphony Orchestra. In March 2011, the choir traveled to China to sing at colleges and universities in Shanghai, Nanjing and they have appeared in concert at Carnegie Hall in 1999 and 2001, and returned there in November 2005 to perform music by Gwyneth Walker for womens voices and orchestra. The Womens Choir has recorded four discs on the ProOrgano label, Ave, Ave. recorded in 1997
18.
St. Edward's University
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St. Edwards University is a private, not-for-profit, liberal arts Roman Catholic university in the Holy Cross tradition with approximately 5,000 students. Located in Austin, Texas, with a network of universities around the world. St. Edwards University was founded by the Reverend Edward Sorin, CSC, Superior General of the Congregation of Holy Cross, who also founded the University of Notre Dame in South Bend, Indiana. Father Sorin established the institution on farmland south of Austin in 1877 and named it St. Edwards Academy in honor of his saint, Edward the Confessor. It is affiliated with the Congregation of Holy Cross, in 1885, the president, Rev. P. J. Franciscus, strengthened the prestige of the academy by securing a charter, changing its name to St. Edwards College, assembling a faculty and increasing enrollment. Subsequently, St. Edwards began to grow, and the first school newspaper, the organization of baseball and football teams, architect Nicholas J. Clayton of Galveston, Texas was commissioned to design the colleges Main Building. The structure was built four-stories tall in the Gothic Revival style and was constructed with white limestone. In 1903, a fire destroyed the majority of Main Building, in 1922, Main Building sustained damage from a tornado that caused significant damage all over the campus. Main Building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1973, in 1925, St. Edwards received its university charter. Most of the personnel at the time were Holy Cross priests, women arrived at St. Edwards in 1966 as students for Maryhill College, a coordinate institution. By 1970, Maryhill was absorbed and St. Edwards became co-educational, by 1971, the university carried bachelors and masters degrees in business administration. Also added were the College Assistance Migrant Program, or CAMP, a professionally oriented Theater Arts curriculum, a degree program for adults called New College. In 1984, Patricia Hayes became the second layperson to lead St. Edwards University, in 1990, enrollment reached 3,000 for the first time. This decade also ushered in an undergraduate curriculum, and capital and technological improvements. In 1999, George E. Martin became the 23rd president of St. Edwards University, St. Edwards endowment, as of 2014, stood at more than $95,000,000. By 2010, significant change was implemented across the campus in support of this vision, including, the size of the faculty increased. New graduate and undergraduate programs were added. Local and global partnerships were formed to expand opportunities for students, a campus master plan guided the development of $150 million in new and renovated facilities
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Holy Cross College (Indiana)
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The college was founded in 1966 and is administered by members of the Congregation of Holy Cross. Each student completes the same core of courses, and then electives can be taken that will allow each student to gain knowledge. Students have an advisor, and those pursuing optional academic concentrations have a co-advisor. Students may take courses at any of the universities participating in the Northern Indiana Consortium for Education. By combining a major and minor with independent study, students are encouraged to customize their Bachelor of Arts degree to fit their career objectives, an Associate of Arts in Liberal Studies is also available. The history program is positively reviewed by the National Association of Scholars, in three out of five categories, Holy Cross ranks significantly higher than the top 10% nationally. The NSSE survey measures key practices associated with student learning, persistence, Holy Cross College was named as college of distinction for the years 2012-2013. Confession is offered during the first hour of adoration on Tuesdays, along with before, the Mission Team is a faith development program. This team forms a mass of faith-filled students who contribute dynamic leadership. They act as a catalyst for stirring up the interest and spiritual yearnings of the rest of the college, Holy Cross has six residence halls for students. Pulte Hall and South Hall are both male dorms that resemble apartment style housing, anselm Hall and Basil Hall are traditional male dorms, while and James Hall and North Hall are traditional female dorms. Holy Cross also offers sports, flag football and basketball. Holy Cross students are eligible to participate in Notre Dames Bookstore Basketball Tournament held in the spring. This is the largest 5-on-5 tournament in the country, in 2012, a team from Holy Cross won the championship, a feat that had never before been accomplished. In 2013, this same team repeated their success and kept the title at Holy Cross for consecutive years, Holy Cross College teams are known as the Saints. The college is a member of the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics, the HCC mens ice hockey team competes at the Division III level of the American Collegiate Hockey Association while the HCC mens lacrosse team competes in the Great Lakes Lacrosse League. Mens sports include baseball, basketball, cheerleading, cross country, golf, ice hockey, lacrosse and soccer, while womens sports include basketball, cheerleading, cross country, golf, Basketball games are covered by the Regional Radio Sports Network. Holy Cross College requires all Bachelor of Arts students to go on a Global Immersion Experience, skip Holtz ’84 - Son of Lou Holtz
20.
Oliver Ames Sr.
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Oliver Ames, Sr. or Old Oliver, was the family patriarch of the Ames family of Easton, Massachusetts. He established the family business, which over generations grew to become one of the largest family fortunes in New England. Oliver Ames, Sr. was born April 11,1779 to Capt, john Ames and Susannah Howard, in West Bridgewater, Massachusetts. His father was a blacksmith who provided guns for the Revolutionary army, Oliver began his career in Springfield, working for his elder brother David at the newly established Springfield Armory. David, a gunsmith like their father, was appointed by George Washington as the armorys first superintendent, in 1802, Davids term ended and Oliver returned to Bridgewater. Ames moved to Easton, Massachusetts in 1803 and bought a nail-making business and this factory eventually grew into the Ames Shovel Works, a major business in Easton, and the source a great family fortune. From 1807-1814, Ames supervised the shovel-making plant at Plymouth Iron Works, but returned to his own shop in Easton, in 1844, Ames turned the business over to his sons Oakes Ames and Oliver Ames, Jr. and renamed the firm Oliver Ames & Sons. Ames gave each of his sons one-quarter interest in the company, Ames was a member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives from 1828-1829 and again 1833-34, and served as state senator in 1845. Ames was an active Unitarian, and helped establish the Unitarian society in Easton, Ames married Susannah Angier, daughter of Oakes Angier, a prominent lawyer, in April 1803. Ames was said to be fond of wrestling and feats of strength, Ames died in Easton on September 11,1863. On his death, his sons Oakes and Oliver took over the Shovel Works with grandson Frederick Lothrop Ames, Oliver Ames, Jr. Oakes Ames Ames Shovel Shop Ames True Temper Frederick Lothrop Ames Frederick Lothrop Ames, Jr
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Ames Shovel Shop
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The Ames Shovel Shops, also known as Ames Shovel Works or Ames Shovel Shop, is a historic 19th century industrial complex located in North Easton, Massachusetts. However, in November 2009, an agreement was reached for a scaled-down development, construction began in April 2012, and is expected to take about 18 months. The Ames Shovel Company traces its origins to 1774 when Capt, john Ames began making iron shovels at West Bridgewater, Massachusetts. His son Oliver Ames, Sr. moved the company to North Easton in 1803, in 1844, the elder Ames would transfer the shovel business to two of his sons, Oakes and Oliver, Jr. and the company would become known as Oliver Ames & Sons. In 1851, the original shop was destroyed by fire. The company would soon rebuild, and by 1852 the first of the new shops had been completed, strong demand for shovels would continue through this period with the great expansion of railroads and later the American Civil War. Abraham Lincoln personally asked Oakes Ames to supply shovels to the Union Army and this made the Ames brothers very wealthy men. The Ames brothers entered politics and became influential in financing the construction of the Union Pacific Railroad, expansion of the shovel factory continued over the years until 1928. Ames shovels became standard issue for troops in the U. S. Army for every conflict from the American Civil War to Korea, the Ames Shovel Company ceased production in Easton in 1952. Since the 1950s the complex has been occupied by a variety of small businesses, in 2008, the site was designated as one of the most endangered historic places in the state by Preservation Massachusetts advocacy group. The northernmost building, the 1870 handle shop is currently occupied by the local YMCA, the abutting Richardson-designed Old Colony Railroad Station is currently occupied by the Easton Historical Society. The railroad station sits on a remaining section of track that runs along the Shovel Shop property only. However, the rail corridor is currently under consideration for expansion of the MBTA commuter rail line from Stoughton to Fall River. As of September 2014, the site has been redeveloped into apartment housing and is now renting apartments and it has undergone considerable redevelopment, while keeping the historic aspect of its buildings. Signs describing the buildings and their history are in place. There are many walking paths in the area
22.
W.B. Mason
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W. B. Mason is an office products retailer in the US. The largest privately held office products retailer in the country, it competes with Staples, OfficeMax, the company is based in Brockton, Massachusetts, and primarily serves New England, the Mid-Atlantic, and the Mid-West. It has over 60 distribution centers across the United States, the company has 3,435 employees,1160 sales representatives, over 750 delivery trucks, and over 230,000 customers. W. B. Mason is the largest customer of Essendant, W. B. Mason was founded in 1898 by William Betts Mason in Brockton, Massachusetts, which remains its headquarters. William Betts Mason was born in Auckland, New Zealand in 1865, upon his fathers death in 1872, he emigrated to the United States with his American-born mother and two sisters where they settled in his mothers hometown of Brockton. In the 1880s he began working in printing and signmaking, eventually becoming a master engraver, in 1898, Mason founded W. B. Mason, a business that sold printing, engraved products and rubber stamps. As Brockton prospered with the growth of the industry in the early 20th century. Under Kovner, the company reached sales of $243,000 by 1963 at which time it was sold to Kovners daughter and son-in-law, Helen and Joseph Greene. Greene added furniture sales to the selection and the W. B. Mason Company reached nearly a million dollars in sales upon his death in 1973. After his death, Helen Greene moved her son Steven Greene into the position of the company. Greene remained President until 1993, when he became Chairman, replacing his mother Helen, Leo Meehan became the President and CEO as the company launched a new office supply initiative based on free, fast, and complete next-day delivery on company-owned trucks. W. B. Mason grew twelve-fold in the eight years achieving sales of $247 million by 2001. The next ten years saw the company grow four-fold again and reach a billion dollars in sales in 2011, in November 2013, Lyreco teamed up with W. B. Mason for a world-wide distribution partnership. The company began advertising in earnest in 1986, at that time, the slogan Who But W. B. Mason was introduced, which came from the advertising firm T. J. Clark and was created by one of the partners named Paul Steven Stone. The slogan was combined with a picture of the founder W. B. Mason and their logo features two U. S. flags flanking a portrait of W. B. Mason. The flag on the right has 50 stars but the one on the shows only 45 stars. W. B. Mason is the Official Office Products Supplier to the Boston Red Sox, Philadelphia Phillies, New York Yankees, New York Mets, Pittsburgh Pirates, Washington Nationals and Cleveland Indians. W. B. W. B. Mason also has sponsorships with Madison Square Garden in New York City, The Barclays Center in Brooklyn, New York and Foxwoods Resort & Casino in Ledyard, Connecticut
23.
Bachelor of Arts
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A Bachelor of Arts is a bachelors degree awarded for an undergraduate course or program in either the liberal arts, the sciences, or both. Bachelor of Arts degree programs take three to four years depending on the country, academic institution, and specific specializations, majors or minors. The word baccalaureus or baccalarium should not be confused with baccalaureatus, degree diplomas generally are printed on high-quality paper or parchment, individual institutions set the preferred abbreviation for their degrees. In Pakistan, the Bachelor of Arts degree can also be attained within two years as an external degree, in colleges and universities in Australia, New Zealand, Nepal and South Africa, the BA degree can be taken over three years of full-time study. Unlike in other countries, students do not receive a grade for their Bachelor of Arts degree with varying levels of honours. Qualified students may be admitted, after they have achieved their Bachelors program with an overall grade point average. Thus, to achieve a Bachelor Honours degree, a postgraduate year. A student who holds a Honours degree is eligible for entry to either a Doctorate or a very high research Master´s degree program. Education in Canada is controlled by the Provinces and can be different depending on the province in Canada. Canadian universities typically offer a 3-year Bachelor of Arts degrees, in many universities and colleges, Bachelor of Arts degrees are differentiated either as Bachelors of Arts or as honours Bachelor of Arts degree. The honours degrees are designated with the abbreviation in brackets of. It should not be confused with the consecutive Bachelor of Arts degree with Honours, Latin Baccalaureatus in Artibus Cum Honore, BA hon. de jure without brackets and with a dot. It is a degree, which is considered to be the equivalent of a corresponding maîtrise degree under the French influenced system. Going back in history, a three-year Bachelor of Arts degree was called a pass degree or general degree. Students may be required to undertake a long high-quality research empirical thesis combined with a selection of courses from the relevant field of studies. The consecutive B. cum Honore degree is essential if students ultimate goal is to study towards a two- or three-year very high research masters´ degree qualification. A student holding a Baccalaureatus Cum Honore degree also may choose to complete a Doctor of Philosophy program without the requirement to first complete a masters degree, over the years, in some universities certain Baccalaureatus cum Honore programs have been changed to corresponding master´s degrees. In general, in all four countries, the B. A. degree is the standard required for entry into a masters programme, in science, a BA hons degree is generally a prerequisite for entrance to a Ph. D program or a very-high-research-activity master´s programme
24.
Bachelor of Science
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A Bachelor of Science is an undergraduate academic degree awarded for completed courses that generally last three to five years. Whether a student of a subject is awarded a Bachelor of Science degree or a Bachelor of Arts degree can vary between universities. For one example, a degree may be given as a Bachelor of Arts by one university but as a B. Sc. by another. Some liberal arts colleges in the United States offer only the BA, even in the natural sciences, in both instances, there are historical and traditional reasons. Northwestern Universitys School of Communication grants B. Sc. degrees in all of its programs of study, including theater, dance, the first university to admit a student to the degree of Bachelor of Science was the University of London in 1860. Prior to this, science subjects were included in the B. A. bracket, notably in the cases of mathematics, physics, physiology, in Argentina and Chile, most university degrees are given as a license in a field or discipline. For instance, besides the courses, biochemistry and biology require 1–2 years hands-on training either in a clinical laboratory plus a final exam or in a research laboratory plus a thesis defense. The degrees are term licenses in the field of study or profession i. e. biology, nutrition, physical therapy or kinesiology, etc. However, a masters degree requires 2-3 more years of specific training, engineering and medical degrees are also different and are six-year programs of specific classes and training starting immediately after high school. No intermediate degrees count towards the admission examination or even exist, medical degrees are complemented with a 3–4 years of hospital residence plus 1–2 years of specialization training. In Australia, the B. Sc. is generally a three-four year degree, an honours year or a Master of Science is required to progress on to the Doctor of Philosophy. In New Zealand, in cases, the honours degree comprises an additional postgraduate qualification. In South Africa, the B. Sc. is taken three years, while the postgraduate B. Sc. Entails an additional year of study, admission to the honours degree is on the basis of a sufficiently high average in the B. Sc. major, an honours degree is required for M. Sc. Level study, and admission to a doctorate is via the M. Sc, commonly in British Commonwealth countries and Ireland graduands are admitted to the degree of Bachelor of Science after having completed a programme in one or more of the sciences. These programmes may take different lengths of time to complete, note that in British English, no full stops are used in the title, hence BSc, not B. Sc. A Bachelor of Science receives the designation BSc or BS for a major/pass degree, in England, Wales and Northern Ireland an honours degree is typically completed over a three-year period, though there are a few intensified two-year courses. Bachelors degrees were typically completed in two years for most of the twentieth century, in Scotland, where access to university is possible after one less year of secondary education, degree courses have a foundation year making the total course length four years
25.
The Princeton Review
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The Princeton Review is a college admission services company offering test preparation services, tutoring and admissions resources, online courses, and books published by Random House. The company has more than 4,000 teachers and tutors in the United States and Canada, the company is headquartered in Natick, Massachusetts, and is privately held. It is not associated with Princeton University, the Princeton Review was founded in 1981 by John Katzman, who—shortly after leaving college—taught SAT preparation to 15 students in New York City. He served as CEO until 2007, and was replaced by Michael Perik, in March 2010, Perik resigned and was replaced by John M. Connolly. In 2012, the company was acquired by Charlesbank Capital, an equity fund. On August 1,2014, the Princeton Review brand name and operations were bought for a sum by Tutor. com, an IAC company. The company is no longer affiliated with its parent, Education Holdings 1. The Princeton Review offers preparation courses for various tests at the Princeton Review website, The company offers courses worldwide through company-owned, test preparation providers have been criticized in the past on the grounds that their courses claim larger score increases than they deliver. College rankings, including those published by the Princeton Review, have criticized for failing to be accurate or comprehensive by assigning objective rankings formed from subjective opinions. Princeton Review officials counter that their rankings are unique in that they rely on student opinion, in 2002 an American Medical Association affiliated program, A Matter of Degree, funded by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, criticized the Princeton Review list of Best Party Schools. The editorial commended The Princeton Review for reporting the list, calling it a service for student applicants. Rankings for LGBT-related lists have also criticized as inaccurate due to outdated methodologies. The Princeton Review also publishes The Gay & Lesbian Guide to College Life, do parents know that when their underage kids enroll for exam prep or tutoring, personal information may be shared with hookup sites that could then target their kids to become customers. Asked one critic, who concluded that the company makes no guarantee that data sharing among its entities will not include those whose sole aim is to improve their grades
26.
WSHL-FM
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WSHL-FM is a non-commercial, educational radio station broadcasting an Alternative music format. Licensed to Easton, Massachusetts, USA, the serves the Greater Brockton-Easton area of Massachusetts. The station is owned by Stonehill College, Inc. and has been operating since January 1974. WSHL-FM studios and offices are located on the 1st floor of the Roche Dining Commons at Stonehill College, the transmitter and antenna are located at the College Center Building, also on the campus of Stonehill College in North Easton, Massachusetts. George is the Chief Engineer for the station, professor Geoffrey Lantos is the faculty adviser for WSHL-FM. During the summer, kids participating in the program, College Academy, have the opportunity to take a class where they can broadcast on the radio station. Query the FCCs FM station database for WSHL Radio-Locator information on WSHL Query Nielsen Audios FM station database for WSHL
27.
Stonehill College
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Stonehill College is a private, non-profit, coeducational, Roman Catholic, liberal arts college located in Easton, Massachusetts, United States, founded in 1948. Stonehill is located 22 miles south of Boston on a 375-acre campus, the campus map highlights 29 buildings that complement the original Georgian-style Ames mansion. Stonehill College was founded in 1948 by the Congregation of Holy Cross, in the autumn of 1934, the Holy Cross Fathers in North Dartmouth began to look for new quarters because of increasing seminary enrollment. The current Stonehill campus was purchased from Mrs. Frederick Lothrop Ames, the initial purchase included 350 acres and the original Ames mansion, the congregation purchased the remaining 190 acres from Mrs. Cutler two years later. Frederick Lothrop Ames, Jr. was the great-grandson of Oliver Ames, Sr. who came to Easton in 1803, the Commonwealth of Massachusetts authorized the Congregation of Holy Cross to establish Stonehill College on the Frederick Lothrop Ames, Jr. estate on June 30,1948. In September of that year the college enrolled 134 men as the first class, classes were held in the mansion and in the Ames Gym. The first building built by the college was the Science Building which opened in February 1949, in 1974 the building was renovated and renamed the Tracy Science Building in honor of David Tracy, a former Stonehill advisor and trustee. The Science Building has since moved to the brand new Shields Science Center. On November 3,1949, the first issue of the College newspaper, in the fall of 1951 the college decided to become a coeducational organization and enrolled 19 women. The first class graduated from Stonehill on the first Sunday of June 1952, as a College of Arts and Sciences and pre-professional studies, Stonehill awards on the undergraduate level the B. A. B. S. and B. S. B. A. Stonehill offers 38 major programs, the opportunity to major or participate in one of the College’s 45 minor programs. The MacPhaidin Library is three stories high and covers 600,000 square feet and it houses a collection of 250,000 print volumes, including more than 100 full-text databases and indexes, and two computer labs. Various works of art and history are on display at the library as well as a large collection of historical Irish documents. Aces Place Cafe, Aces Place Cafe, located on the floor of the MacPhaidin Library, was renovated in the summer of 2012 and now serves Starbucks coffee. Additional booth and table seating has been added and use of the facility is open for the enjoyment of students, staff, chairman of the Board of Directors, Thomas May, President, Rev. John Denning, C. S. C. Vice President for Enrollment Management, Catherine Capolupo The College offers Early Decision, Early Action, the Martin Institute at Stonehill College offers summer programs for high school students with Blueprint Summer Programs. In summer 2011, the program begins on June 26 with four courses available, Introduction to American Government & Model UN, Business and Entrepreneurship, Creative Writing, students live and study on campus and go on field trips to Washington D. C. Six Flags, Boston, Cape Cod and Portland, Maine, U. S. News & World Reports “America’s Best Colleges 2008” ranked Stonehill #105 of nearly 300 nationally renowned baccalaureate institutions included in the “Liberal Arts Colleges” category
28.
Dunkin' Donuts
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Dunkin Donuts is an American global donut company and coffeehouse chain based in Canton, Massachusetts, in Greater Boston. It was founded in 1950 by William Rosenberg in Quincy, Massachusetts, since its founding, the company has grown to become one of the largest coffee and baked goods chains in the world, with more than 12,000 restaurants in 36 countries. The chains products include donuts, bagels, other baked goods, before 1990, Dunkin Donuts primary competitor was Mister Donut, but in February of that year Mister Donut was acquired by Dunkin Donuts owner Allied-Lyons. After the acquisition of Mister Donut by Allied-Lyons, all Mister Donut stores in North America were offered the chance to change their name to Dunkin Donuts, as of 2014, Dunkin Donuts is owned by Dunkin Brands Inc. which also owns Baskin-Robbins and previously owned the Togos chain. In 1948, William Rosenberg opened Open Kettle, a restaurant selling donuts and coffee in Quincy, Massachusetts, in 1950, the restaurant was given the name Dunkin Donuts. Rosenberg conceived of the idea for the restaurant after his experiences selling food in factories and at construction sites, the restaurant was successful, and Rosenberg sold franchises of Dunkin Donuts to others starting in 1955. In 1963, Rosenberg’s son Robert became CEO of the company at the age of 25, in that same year, Dunkin’ Donuts opened its 100th location. Dunkin Donuts was at the time a subsidiary of Universal Food Systems, and Dunkin Donuts locations varied greatly, with some selling full breakfasts and other food and others serving only donuts and coffee. In the following years, the businesses in the Universal Food Systems portfolio were sold or closed. The menu and shop format were standardized, and various new items were introduced. In 1990, Allied Lyons, which already owned Baskin-Robbins, purchased Dunkin Donuts, by 1998, the brand had grown to 2,500 locations worldwide with $2 billion in annual sales. In 2006, Dunkin Donuts began using the slogan America Runs on Dunkin which continues to be used in advertisement campaigns. By 2010, Dunkin Donuts global system-wide sales were $6 billion, in 2012, Dunkin Donuts launched an application for payment and gifting for iPhone, iPod touch, and Android smartphones. Dunkin Donuts has several varieties of donuts, however, only 8% of the chains sales are donuts, 65% are drinks, and 27% are other food items. There are also ice coffees, lattes, and macchiatos that can have such as caramel, hazelnut. Seasonal flavors are also presented to customers for a duration of time. During the fall, customers can also choose pumpkin or salted caramel as a flavor, during the winter, customers can have peppermint hot chocolate. Since October 18,2007, Dunkin Donuts locations in the United States have reduced trans fats from their menu items by switching to a blend of oils, palm, soybean, international locations are expected to adopt the change over time
29.
National Collegiate Athletic Association
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The National Collegiate Athletic Association is a non-profit association which regulates athletes of 1,281 institutions, conferences, organizations, and individuals. It also organizes the programs of many colleges and universities in the United States and Canada. The organization is headquartered in Indianapolis, Indiana, in 2014, the NCAA generated almost a billion dollars in revenue. 80 to 90% of this revenue was due to the Division I Mens Basketball Tournament and this revenue is then distributed back into various organizations and institutions across the United States. In August 1973, the current three-division setup of Division I, Division II, under NCAA rules, Division I and Division II schools can offer scholarships to athletes for playing a sport. Division III schools may not offer any athletic scholarships, generally, larger schools compete in Division I and smaller schools in II and III. Division I football was divided into I-A and I-AA in 1978. Subsequently, the term Division I-AAA was briefly added to delineate Division I schools which do not field a football program at all, in 2006, Divisions I-A and I-AA were respectively renamed the Football Bowl Subdivision and Football Championship Subdivision. Inter-collegiate sports began in the US in 1852 when crews from Harvard University, as other sports emerged, notably football and basketball, many of these same concepts and standards were adopted. Football, in particular, began to emerge as a marquee sport, the IAAUS was officially established on March 31,1906, and took its present name, the NCAA, in 1910. For several years, the NCAA was a group and rules-making body, but in 1921, the first NCAA national championship was conducted. Gradually, more rules committees were formed and more championships were created, a series of crises brought the NCAA to a crossroads after World War II. The Sanity Code – adopted to establish guidelines for recruiting and financial aid – failed to curb abuses, postseason football games were multiplying with little control, and member schools were increasingly concerned about how the new medium of television would affect football attendance. The complexity of problems and the growth in membership and championships demonstrated the need for full-time professional leadership. Walter Byers, previously an executive assistant, was named executive director in 1951. Byers wasted no time placing his stamp on the Association, as college athletics grew, the scope of the nations athletics programs diverged, forcing the NCAA to create a structure that recognized varying levels of emphasis. In 1973, the Associations membership was divided into three legislative and competitive divisions – I, II, and III, five years later in 1978, Division I members voted to create subdivisions I-A and I-AA in football. Until the 1980s, the association did not offer womens athletics, instead, the Association for Intercollegiate Athletics for Women, with nearly 1000 member schools, governed womens collegiate sports in the United States
30.
Ultimate (sport)
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Ultimate, originally known as ultimate frisbee, is a non-contact team sport originally played by players with a flying disc. Points are scored by passing the disc to a teammate in the end zone. Other basic rules are that players must not take steps while holding the disc, and interceptions, incomplete passes, rain, wind, or occasionally other adversities can make for a testing match with rapid turnovers, heightening the pressure of play. Players call their own fouls, and dispute a foul only when they believe it did not occur. In 2012 there were 5.1 million ultimate players in the United States, Ultimate is played across the world in pickup games and by recreational, school, club, professional, and national teams at various age levels and with open, womens, and mixed divisions. The 2014 World Ultimate Club Championship was held in July in Lecco, Italy, the 2016 WFDF World Ultimate & Guts Championships was held in London in 2016, where US teams finished first in every division. Team flying disc games using pie tins and cake pan lids were part of Amherst College student culture for decades before plastic discs were available, a similar two-hand touch football-based game was played at Kenyon College in Ohio starting in 1942. Jared, an instructor and dorm advisor, taught this game to high school student Joel Silver during the summer of 1967 or 1968 at Mount Hermon Prep school summer camp. Joel Silver, along with fellow students Jonny Hines, Buzzy Hellring, the first sanctioned game was played at CHS in 1968 between the student council and the student newspaper staff. Beginning the following year evening games were played in the glow of lights on the schools student-designated parking lot. Initially players of ultimate frisbee used a Master disc marketed by Wham-O, Hellring, Silver, and Hines developed the first and second edition of Rules of Ultimate Frisbee. In 1970 CHS defeated Millburn High 43-10 in the first interscholastic ultimate game, CHS, Millburn, and three other New Jersey high schools made up the first conference of Ultimate teams beginning in 1971. Alumni of that first league took the game to their colleges and universities, rutgers defeated Princeton 29-27 in 1972 in the first intercollegiate game. This game was played exactly 103 years after the first intercollegiate American football game by the teams at precisely the same site. Rutgers won both games by an identical margin, rutgers also won the first ultimate frisbee tournament in 1975, hosted by Yale, with 8 college teams participating. That summer ultimate was introduced at the Second World Frisbee Championships at the Rose Bowl and this event introduced ultimate on the west coast of the USA. In 1975, ultimate was introduced at the Canadian Open Frisbee Championships in Toronto as a showcase event, Ultimate League play in Canada began in Toronto in 1979. The Toronto Ultimate Club is one of ultimates oldest leagues, in January 1977 Wham-O introduced the World Class 80 Mold 165 gram frisbee
31.
Rugby union
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Rugby union, known in some parts of the world simply as rugby, is a contact team sport which originated in England in the first half of the 19th century. One of the two codes of football, it is based on running with the ball in hand. In its most common form, a game is between two teams of 15 players using a ball on a rectangular field with H-shaped goalposts on each try line. Historically an amateur sport, in 1995 restrictions on payments to players were removed, World Rugby, originally the International Rugby Football Board and from 1998 to 2014 the International Rugby Board, has been the governing body for rugby union since 1886. Rugby union spread from the Home Nations of Great Britain and Ireland, early exponents of the sport included Australia, New Zealand, South Africa and France. Countries that have adopted rugby union as their de facto national sport include Fiji, Georgia, Madagascar, New Zealand, Samoa, Tonga, Rugby union is played in over 100 countries across six continents, there are 101 full members and 18 associate members of World Rugby. The Rugby World Cup, first held in 1987, takes place four years with the winner of the tournament receiving the Webb Ellis Cup. The Six Nations Championship in Europe and The Rugby Championship in the Southern Hemisphere are major annual competitions. The origin of football is reputed to be an incident during a game of English school football at Rugby School in 1823. Although the evidence for the story is doubtful, it was immortalised at the school with a plaque unveiled in 1895, despite the doubtful evidence, the Rugby World Cup trophy is named after Webb Ellis. Rugby football stems from the form of game played at Rugby School, Old Rugbeian Albert Pell, a student at Cambridge, is credited with having formed the first football team. During this early period different schools used different rules, with pupils from Rugby. Other important events include the Blackheath Clubs decision to leave the Football Association in 1863, despite the sports full name of rugby union, it is known simply as rugby throughout most of the world. The first rugby football international was played on 27 March 1871 between Scotland and England, by 1881 both Ireland and Wales had representative teams, and in 1883 the first international competition, the Home Nations Championship had begun. 1883 is also the year of the first rugby tournament, the Melrose Sevens. During the early history of union, a time before commercial air travel. The first two notable tours both took place in 1888—the British Isles team touring New Zealand and Australia, followed by the New Zealand team touring Europe, All three teams brought new styles of play, fitness levels and tactics, and were far more successful than critics had expected. After Morgan began singing, the crowd joined in, the first time a national anthem was sung at the start of a sporting event, in 1905 France played England in its first international match
32.
Golf
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Golf is a club and ball sport in which players use various clubs to hit balls into a series of holes on a course in as few strokes as possible. Golf, unlike most ball games, cannot and does not utilize a standardized playing area, the game is played on a course with an arranged progression of 18 holes. Each hole on the course must contain a tee box to start from, there are other standard forms of terrain in between, such as the fairway, rough, sand traps, and hazards but each hole on a course is unique in its specific layout and arrangement. Stroke play is the most commonly seen format at all levels, while the modern game of golf originated in 15th-century Scotland, the games ancient origins are unclear and much debated. Some historians trace the sport back to the Roman game of paganica, one theory asserts that paganica spread throughout Europe as the Romans conquered most of the continent, during the first century BC, and eventually evolved into the modern game. Others cite chuiwan as the progenitor, a Chinese game played between the eighth and 14th centuries, the game is thought to have been introduced into Europe during the Middle Ages. Another early game that resembled modern golf was known as cambuca in England, the Persian game chaugán is another possible ancient origin. In addition, kolven was played annually in Loenen, Netherlands, beginning in 1297, to commemorate the capture of the assassin of Floris V, a year earlier. The modern game originated in Scotland, where the first written record of golf is James IIs banning of the game in 1457, as an unwelcome distraction to learning archery. James IV lifted the ban in 1502 when he became a golfer himself, with golf clubs first recorded in 1503-1504, to many golfers, the Old Course at St Andrews, a links course dating to before 1574, is considered to be a site of pilgrimage. In 1764, the standard 18-hole golf course was created at St Andrews when members modified the course from 22 to 18 holes. Golf is documented as being played on Musselburgh Links, East Lothian, Scotland as early as 2 March 1672, which is certified as the oldest golf course in the world by Guinness World Records. The oldest surviving rules of golf were compiled in March 1744 for the Company of Gentlemen Golfers, later renamed The Honourable Company of Edinburgh Golfers, Andrews Golf Club in Yonkers, New York. The levels of grass are varied to increase difficulty, or to allow for putting in the case of the green, while many holes are designed with a direct line-of-sight from the teeing area to the green, some holes may bend either to the left or to the right. This is commonly called a dogleg, in reference to a dogs knee, the hole is called a dogleg left if the hole angles leftwards and dogleg right if it bends right. Sometimes, a holes direction may bend twice, this is called a double dogleg, a regular golf course consists of 18 holes, but nine-hole courses are common and can be played twice through for a full round of 18 holes. Early Scottish golf courses were laid out on links land. This gave rise to the golf links, particularly applied to seaside courses
33.
Basketball
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Basketball is a non-contact team sport played on a rectangular court by two teams of five players each. The objective is to shoot a ball through a hoop 18 inches in diameter and 10 feet high that is mounted to a backboard at each end of the court. The game was invented in 1891 by Dr. James Naismith, a team can score a field goal by shooting the ball through the basket being defended by the opposition team during regular play. A field goal scores three points for the team if the player shoots from behind the three-point line. A team can also score via free throws, which are worth one point, the team with the most points at the end of the game wins, but additional time is mandated when the score is tied at the end of regulation. The ball can be advanced on the court by passing it to a teammate and it is a violation to lift, or drag, ones pivot foot without dribbling the ball, to carry it, or to hold the ball with both hands then resume dribbling. The game has many techniques for displaying skill—ball-handling, shooting, passing, dribbling, dunking, shot-blocking. The point guard directs the on court action of the team, implementing the coachs game plan, Basketball is one of the worlds most popular and widely viewed sports. Outside North America, the top clubs from national leagues qualify to continental championships such as the Euroleague, the FIBA Basketball World Cup attracts the top national teams from around the world. Each continent hosts regional competitions for teams, like EuroBasket. The FIBA Womens Basketball World Cup features the top womens basketball teams from continental championships. The main North American league is the WNBA, whereas the EuroLeague Women has been dominated by teams from the Russian Womens Basketball Premier League, in early December 1891, Canadian Dr. He sought a vigorous indoor game to keep his students occupied, after rejecting other ideas as either too rough or poorly suited to walled-in gymnasiums, he wrote the basic rules and nailed a peach basket onto a 10-foot elevated track. Basketball was originally played with a soccer ball and these laces could cause bounce passes and dribbling to be unpredictable. Eventually a lace-free ball construction method was invented, and this change to the game was endorsed by Naismith, dribbling was not part of the original game except for the bounce pass to teammates. Passing the ball was the means of ball movement. Dribbling was eventually introduced but limited by the shape of early balls. Dribbling only became a part of the game around the 1950s
34.
Association football
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Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a team sport played between two teams of eleven players with a spherical ball. It is played by 250 million players in over 200 countries and dependencies making it the worlds most popular sport, the game is played on a rectangular field with a goal at each end. The object of the game is to score by getting the ball into the opposing goal, players are not allowed to touch the ball with their hands or arms while it is in play, unless they are goalkeepers. Other players mainly use their feet to strike or pass the ball, the team that scores the most goals by the end of the match wins. If the score is level at the end of the game, the Laws of the Game were originally codified in England by The Football Association in 1863. Association football is governed internationally by the International Federation of Association Football, the first written reference to the inflated ball used in the game was in the mid-14th century, Þe heued fro þe body went, Als it were a foteballe. The Online Etymology Dictionary states that the word soccer was split off in 1863, according to Partha Mazumdar, the term soccer originated in England, first appearing in the 1880s as an Oxford -er abbreviation of the word association. Within the English-speaking world, association football is now usually called football in the United Kingdom and mainly soccer in Canada and the United States. People in Australia, Ireland, South Africa and New Zealand use either or both terms, although national associations in Australia and New Zealand now primarily use football for the formal name. According to FIFA, the Chinese competitive game cuju is the earliest form of football for which there is scientific evidence, cuju players could use any part of the body apart from hands and the intent was kicking a ball through an opening into a net. It was remarkably similar to football, though similarities to rugby occurred. During the Han Dynasty, cuju games were standardised and rules were established, phaininda and episkyros were Greek ball games. An image of an episkyros player depicted in low relief on a vase at the National Archaeological Museum of Athens appears on the UEFA European Championship Cup, athenaeus, writing in 228 AD, referenced the Roman ball game harpastum. Phaininda, episkyros and harpastum were played involving hands and violence and they all appear to have resembled rugby football, wrestling and volleyball more than what is recognizable as modern football. As with pre-codified mob football, the antecedent of all football codes. Non-competitive games included kemari in Japan, chuk-guk in Korea and woggabaliri in Australia, Association football in itself does not have a classical history. Notwithstanding any similarities to other games played around the world FIFA have recognised that no historical connection exists with any game played in antiquity outside Europe. The modern rules of football are based on the mid-19th century efforts to standardise the widely varying forms of football played in the public schools of England
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Flag football
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An important distinction is whether linemen are allowed to catch passes or, as in the NFL / CFL, are not allowed to do so. Flag football may also be divided into contact or non-contact, depending on whether or not blocking is allowed, if allowed, the ability or inability for the quarterback to advance the ball past the line of scrimmage by running is another rule subject to variation by league. The sport has an amateur following and several national and international competitions each year sponsored by various associations. The majority of flag football leagues are organized by recreation departments of cities and municipalities. Pickup games are common, as football is first and foremost a recreational sport. Flag football tournaments are held to boost competitive play, every Memorial Day weekend in Roswell, NM. Hike it & Spike it 4-on-4 flag football has almost 600 teams playing in 42 divisions, young, old, male and female are all welcome in the alien city. The United States Flag and Touch Football League has a number of smaller organizations spread out over the US, located in Ohio, this league supports a number of teams from the Mid Atlantic, NorthEast, and Midwest states. On the west coast XFLAGFOOTBALL has over 15 leagues throughout Southern California, in the south, FlagFootballX hosts many of the largest 5on5 cash tournaments, located in Dallas, TX. Texan Flag Football hosts many tournaments and leagues in the Houston area as well. TAAF hosts a yearly 8on8 State Championship at a rotating location throughout Texas, Flag lists all of Texas and the bordering states tournaments in one location to browse but does not host their own events. I9Sports a youth sports league franchise business in the U. S. is one of the countrys largest providers of flag football leagues for boys and girls ages 3–14. Flag football participation has increased in the past decade while participation in football among kids under age 14 has declined amid growing safety concerns from parents. National Flag Football is the countrys largest youth football organization, with leagues in six states. The NFL conducts their own Youth World Championship for children 12–14 years of age, held in different nations around the world. It is five man no contact football played between ten countries, previous NFL Flag Football World Championships have been held in Beijing, Cologne, Mexico City, Tokyo, Toronto, and Vancouver. The NFL has also at times sanctioned Air It Out competitions aimed primarily at its fans in which tournament-winning teams were allowed to compete against retired NFL All-Pros, Air It Out has now been rebranded as Let It Fly a nationwide tour operated by North American Sports Group. Many universities around the continent have flag football divisions and leagues, the organization is the largest organization for women and girls in the sport of flag football
36.
Brockton, Massachusetts
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Brockton is a city in Plymouth County, Massachusetts, United States, the population was 95,314 in the 2015 Census. Brockton, along with Plymouth, are the county seats of Plymouth County, two of the villages within the city are Montello and Campello, both have the distinction of having their own MBTA Commuter Rail Stations and post offices. Campello is the smallest neighborhood in the city, but also the most populous, Brockton hosts a baseball team, the Brockton Rox. Brockton is one of the windiest cities in the United States, in 1649, Ousamequin sold the surrounding land, then known as Saughtucket, to Myles Standish as an addition to Duxbury. Brockton was part of area, which the English renamed Bridgewater, until 1821. Its name changed in 1874, after a process finally decided on naming it after Isaac Brock, after a local merchant heard of Brockville, Ontario. Brockton became a city on April 9,1881, during the American Civil War, Brockton was Americas largest producer of shoes, and until the latter parts of the 20th century Brockton had a large shoe and leather products industry. World firsts On October 1,1883, Brockton became the first place in the world to have an underground electrical system when Thomas Edison threw a switch to activate it. The City Theater opened on October 24,1894, the first theater in the world to be tied into the electrical system. US firsts On December 30,1884, the first electrically operated fire station in the United States opened in Brockton, the department store Santa Claus appeared in Brockton in December 1890, when James Edgar, of Edgars Department Store, suited up for the first time. Brockton became the first city in the country to abolish grade crossings in 1896, world Records On November 23,2010, Brockton set the world record for the most Santa Hat wearers in one place at one time with 872 people participating in the event. On November 20,2011 Brockton doubled the citys Santa Claus hat-wearing record with 1792 people in downtown Brockton wearing hats. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 21.6 square miles. Brockton is the 162nd largest city by area in the Commonwealth. Brockton is approximately 25 miles south of Boston, and 30 miles northeast of Providence, Brockton is mostly an urban setting, lying along the Salisbury Plain River, which once powered the many shoe factories of the city. To the northeast lies the Beaver Brook Conservation Land, attached to the end of the Ames Nowell State Park in Abington. There are several parks throughout the city, but the largest is D. W. Field Park, as of the census of 2010, there were 93,810 people,35,552 households, and 22,764 families residing in the city. The population density was 4,398.4 people per square mile, there were 34,837 housing units at an average density of 1,622.8 per square mile
37.
Daniel F. Conley
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Daniel F. Conley is the current District Attorney for Suffolk County, Massachusetts, United States who serves Boston, Revere, Chelsea and Winthrop. Appointed to the office in February 2002, Conley was later elected on November 5,2002 and has held the office since that time, as district attorney, Conley oversees the largest and busiest district attorneys office in Massachusetts. His office is responsible for the prosecution of between 40,000 to 50,000 criminal cases every year in the states most densely populated county. Conley ran for the 2013 Boston mayoral election to replace Thomas Menino and lost, Conley graduated from Stonehill College in 1980 and Suffolk University Law School in 1983. He joined the office of the Suffolk County District Attorney after passing the Massachusetts Bar Exam, beginning his career as an Assistant D. A. handling cases in the Boston Municipal Court, he would later begin prosecuting juvenile cases in the Boston Juvenile Court. In 1987 he was promoted to the Suffolk Superior Court where he prosecuted felony cases, when gang violence increased in Boston during the late 1980s and early 1990s, he was promoted by then District Attorney Ralph Martin to the anti-gang violence task force. In 1992 he was promoted to the Homicide Unit of the D. A. s office, in 1993, he left the Suffolk District Attorneys office to run for a seat on the Boston City Council. Constituents elected him to the District Five seat, where he served for eight years and he remained on the Boston City Council until he was appointed Suffolk Countys 14th district attorney on February 19,2002. Massachusetts is just one of four states that have no continuing legal education requirement for attorneys. The policy mandates that all Suffolk prosecutors continue their development through trainings, seminars. In 2004, Conley and the then-Commissioner of the Boston Police Department empaneled a blue-ribbon task force to evaluate the ways in which police gather, the panel returned with reforms that were implemented by area law enforcement. Shortly after taking office, Conley implemented a policy of assenting to any reasonable request for post-conviction testing of DNA evidence that was unavailable at the time of a defendant’s trial. In 2011, Conley voiced his support, with additional recommendations, “his legislation codifies many of the practices that I voluntarily put in place six or seven years ago, ” Conley wrote to the Joint Committee on the Judiciary. “These are good practices that serve the interest of justice, the burdens on victims are reduced while efforts to hold their abusers accountable under the law are enhanced. In April 2013, Conley announced that he was running in the 2013 Boston mayoral election and he entered the field as the best financed candidate at the time. However, temperament concerns were raised at a session during the election. He placed fourth in the election on September 25,2013. In 2003, he was named the Suffolk Law School Irish-American Law Societys Person of the Year in that awards inaugural presentation
