1.
Swedish krona
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The krona has been the currency of Sweden since 1873. Both the ISO code SEK and currency sign kr are in use, the former precedes or follows the value. In English, the currency is referred to as the Swedish crown. The Swedish krona was the 11th most traded currency in the world by value in April 2013, one krona is subdivided into 100 öre. However, all öre coins have been discontinued as of 30 September 2010, goods can still be priced in öre, but all sums are rounded to the nearest krona when paying with cash. The introduction of the krona, which replaced at par the riksdaler, was a result of the Scandinavian Monetary Union, which came into effect in 1876 and lasted until the beginning of World War I. The parties to the union were the Scandinavian countries, where the name was krona in Sweden and krone in Denmark and Norway, the three currencies were on the gold standard, with the krona/krone defined as 1⁄2480 of a kilogram of pure gold. After dissolution of the union in August 1914, Sweden, Denmark. On 11 September 2012, the Riksbank announced a new series of coins with new sizes to replace the 1 and 5 kronor coins which arrived in October 2016. The design of the coins follows the theme of singer-songwriter Ted Gärdestads song, Sol, vind och vatten and this also included the reintroduction of the 2 kronor coin, while the current 10 kronor coin remained the same. The new coins also have a new portrait of the king in the design, one of the reasons for a new series of coins is to end the use of nickel. It is expected that vending machines and parking meters will to a high degree stop accepting coins. Cash is already used in Sweden, with many young people avoiding cash as much as possible. Between 1873 and 1876, coins in denominations of 1,2,5,10,25, and 50 öre and 1,2,10, and 20 kronor were introduced. The 1,2 and 5 öre were in bronze, the 10,25,50 öre and 1 krona and 2 kronor were in silver, gold 5 kronor coins were added in 1881. In 1873 the Scandinavian Monetary Union currency was fixed so that 248,000 öre purchased 1 kg of gold, in 2017 the price of gold is 365,289 kronor per kg. So one öre in 1873 bought as much gold as 1.47 krona in 2017, so if it is reasonable to have the smallest denomination coin 1 krona today, in 1873 a reasonable smallest denomination coin was 1 öre. A10 kr gold coin weighed 4.4803 grams with 900 finess so that the weight was 4.03327 grams or exactly 1/248th of a kilogram
2.
Public transport in Stockholm
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Public transport in Stockholm consists of bus, metro, regional/suburban rail, light rail, tram and archipelago boat operation in Stockholm County, Sweden. The bus and rail is organized by Storstockholms Lokaltrafik, SL, the operation and maintenance of the public transport systems are delegated by SL to several contractors. The boat traffic is handled by Waxholmsbolaget, the airport rapid public transport systems are handled separately though, with Flygbussarna providing airport bus services, and Arlanda Express an airport train service. There is a vast number of bus lines in Stockholm County, there are three different kinds of bus lines that differ from regular bus lines. These are called blue bus lines because the buses operate on them are painted blue. The service bus lines are especially adapted for people, and are found in certain residential areas. Along some parts of these instead of regular bus stops there are areas where one can halt the bus just by waving at them. The Stockholm Metro consists of three groups of lines, which are referred to as a singular line. The Stockholm metro has been called the worlds longest art gallery, with most of the networks 100 stations decorated with sculptures, mosaics, paintings, installations, engravings, there are three suburban rail systems, with eight lines. Roslagsbanan uses an 891 mm narrow gauge, the others use standard gauge, there are regional and InterCity trains going on the mainlines between Stockholm and cities outside the county. These cities include Uppsala, Gävle, Eskilstuna, Linköping, Västerås and these train are run by SJ on their own, and SJ tickets or special combination tickets called TiM are valid. The trains are run for a profit by SJ, without tax support and this is possible by having relatively expensive monthly tickets, for example about 2000 kr Stockholm-Uppsala. There is one heritage tram line operational, Djurgården line, the infrastructure is owned by SL, but the cars are owned and operated by the Swedish Tramway Society. There are three light rail lines and one inner city tram line in Stockholm and only two of them, Nockebybanan and the new Tvärbanan are connected and share depot and rolling stock. The LRV primarily used on lines are a localized version of Bombardiers Flexity Swift. There are several Stockholm archipelago boat lines in Stockholm County, run by Waxholmsbolaget, some of them operate year around. One boat line, Djurgårdsfärjan, goes in central Stockholm, between Slussen and Djurgården, the SL tickets and travelcards are valid on that one, but not on any other Waxholmsbolaget routes. It is also possible to take public transport to and from the airports
3.
Stockholm metro
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The Stockholm metro is a metro system in Stockholm, Sweden. The first line opened in 1950, and today the system has 100 stations in use, there are three coloured main lines on the tube maps. These do however form seven actual routes, routes number 17,18 and 19,13 and 14 and 10 and 11 all go through Stockholm City Centre in a very centralized metro system. All seven actual lines use The T-Centralen hub station, the metro is like the London Underground and the Paris Métro, but unlike the U-Bahn and S-Bahn in Berlin, in that it is equipped with ticket gates. Single tickets must be bought in advance, or at ticket machines that are available in all underground stations, passengers can also buy tickets at the ticket booth, just by the gates to the metro. In 2013, the metro carried 328 million passengers, which corresponds to approximately 898,630 riders per day, the 105. 7-kilometre-long metro system is owned by the Stockholm County Council through the company Storstockholms Lokaltrafik. The operation is contracted to MTR Corporation, the decision to build a metro was made in 1941. The following years, and in some earlier, some routes were built with near metro standard. These included Kristineberg-Islandstorget, Slussen–Blåsut and Telefonplan–Hägerstensåsen, the first part of the metro was opened on 1 October 1950, from Slussen to Hökarängen, having been converted from tram to metro operation. In 1951 a second line from Slussen to Stureby was opened, in 1952, a second system, from Hötorget to the western suburbs was opened. In 1957, the two parts were connected via the Central station and the Old Town, forming the Green Line, during the period 1950-1960 the Green Line was extended piece by piece. The Red Line was opened in 1964, from T-Centralen over Liljeholmen ending in Fruängen and Örnsberg and it was extended piece by piece until 1978. The third and final system, the Blue Line, was opened in 1975, as the construction requirements have become more strict over the years, newer segments have more tunnels than older, and the Blue Line is almost all in tunnel. The latest addition to the network, Skarpnäck station, was opened in 1994. There are 100 stations in use in the Stockholm metro, one station, Kymlinge, was built but never taken into use. One station has taken out of use and demolished. The Bagarmossen old surface station was demolished and replaced with a new underground station, the Stockholm metro is well known for its decoration of the stations, it has been called the longest art gallery in the world. Several of the stations are left with the exposed, crude and unfinished
4.
Stockholm County
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Stockholm County is a county or län on the Baltic sea coast of Sweden. It borders Uppsala County and Södermanland County and it also borders Mälaren and the Baltic Sea. The city of Stockholm is the capital of Sweden, Stockholm County is divided by the historic provinces of Uppland and Södermanland. More than one fifth of the Swedish population lives in the county, Stockholm County is also one of the statistical riksområden according to NUTS, SE, Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics within the EU. With more than two inhabitants, Stockholm is the most densely populated county of Sweden. For History, Geography and Culture see also, Uppland, Södermanland, Roslagen, Södertörn, the City of Stockholm then constituted its own administrative entity under the Over-Governor of Stockholm and was not part of Stockholm County. Though outside Stockholm County, the City of Stockholm was its seat, on 1 January 1968, Stockholm County was united with the City of Stockholm. The arms for the County of Stockholm is a combination of the arms of Uppland, Södermanland, when it is shown with a royal crown it represents the County Administrative Board. The county of Stockholm comprises 26 political municipalities, The largest built-up places in the county are shown below and these refer to contiguous settlements and may straddle municipal boundaries. Prior to 1968 the County of Stockholm did not include the City of Stockholm, the City was instead under the Over-Governors Office, and the County included the surrounding countryside. The County had its separate Governor of Stockholm County, the County Administrative Board is a Government Agency headed by a Governor. The local administration of the county is under Stockholm County Council and its main responsibilities are for the public healthcare system and public transport. The county council has 149 members elected by proportional representation through elections held in conjunction with the general elections every four years, the county council itself elects the countys executive committee. The president of the committee also holds the title Commissioner of Finance, the current commissioner is Catharina Elmsäter-Svärd, of the Moderate Party. The members of the executive committee represent both the majority and the opposition, with responsibility for implementing policies approved by the county council. Stockholm County contains two multi-seat constituencies for county council elections, Stockholm Municipality makes up the first constituency while the second makes up the rest of the county. The county council operates most of the hospitals in the county, some of the facilities are. The hospital contains two major facilities, one in Solna and one in Huddinge, södersjukhuset Danderyd Hospital Södertälje Hospital Norrtälje Hospital S, t Erik Ocular Clinic The county council is responsible for the public transport in Stockholm
5.
Swedish State Railways
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The Swedish State Railways or SJ, originally the Royal Railway Board, was the former government agency responsible for operating the state railways in Sweden. In 1988, the tracks themselves were transferred to the Swedish Rail Administration. Train cleaning and switching TrainTech Engineering, currently a part of Interfleet Technology, some of them have been sold to other companies, but SJ AB, Green Cargo and Jernhusen are still fully government owned. Apart from these companies, Statens Järnvägar for a time existed as a governmental agency and it controlled some property, but had no regular railroad activities. It was dismantled by the end of 2012, media related to Statens Järnvägar at Wikimedia Commons
6.
Waxholmsbolaget
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The company, which is mostly tax-funded, carried about 4.3 million travellers in 2003, covering a region from Arholma in north to Landsort in south. The company owns 21 archipelago boats, and four boats for the inner-city Djurgårdsfärjan line, the operation of the ships is handled by several contractors, some of whom have their own ships. It was created out of the Djurgårdens Ångbåts-Aktie-Bolag, which was established in 1849, the Stockholm county council has owned the company since 1967. In 1970, Waxholmsbolaget took over the Djurgården ferries
7.
MAN Lion's City
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The name Lions City has been used since 2004, when MANs public bus models which had been marketed separately were gathered into one range, when also most models received a facelift. The first models to be introduced were the 12-metre low-floor intercity bus NÜ xx3 in 1996, the 12-metre city bus NL xx3 in 1997 and the articulated NG xx3 in 1998. As with former MAN bus models the power-rating made up part of the name, giving the NÜ-series buses with power-ratings of 260 and 310 hp model names NÜ263. The main production sites are in Starachowice and Sady in Poland, initially most of the midibus variants were manufactured by Göppel Bus in Augsburg, later Nobitz. Models are available with a 6-cylinder turbocharged straight engine which runs on diesel, versions with hydrogen fuel cell drive and with hydrogen internal combustion engines have been successfully tested, as well as diesel-electric hybrid drive. A production hybrid-electric version, the Lions City Hybrid, which uses supercapacitors, Hybrid electric buses offer increased efficiency in urban traffic and use 30% less fuel than combustion-only buses. The latest generation of Neoplan Centroliner is based on the Lions City, codes inside parentheses are internal codes that identify some technical characteristics of the variants, like length/wheelbase, number of axles, floor height, width, engine arrangement and so on. Some codes are unique to one variant, while others are shared between variants, some variants have changed from one code to another over time. These codes are sometimes used as a model designation. One can find the codes in VINs and in vehicle production serial numbers, most are bodied in the local manufacturers own styling, but some are licensed to replicate the Lions City bodywork, usually in markets where MAN dont sell the integral variants. This includes the East Lancs Kinetec for the UK market, which replicate the front part. Gemilang Coachworks in Malaysia replicate the whole bodywork for their buses sold in Asia Pacific market, with the introduction of the model names in 2004, the system is still in use on all vehicles, but is more for internal use. In most cases it can be found on the plate inside the bus where one find the VIN
8.
Arriva
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Arriva is a multinational public transport company headquartered in Sunderland, England. It was established in 1938 as T Cowie and through a number of mergers and acquisitions was rebranded Arriva in 1997, Arriva operates bus, coach, train, tram and waterbus services in 14 countries across Europe. As at December 2015 it employed 55,000 people and operated 2.2 billion passenger journeys annually and it operates as three divisions, UK Bus, UK Rail and Mainland Europe. The company was founded by TSK Cowie in Sunderland in 1938 as a motorcycle dealer trading as T Cowie Limited. In 1948 the business was re-launched by Tom Cowie, the founders son, T Cowie plc was floated in December 1964, and in 1965 it bought out the first of many car dealerships. In 1972 it formed Cowie Contract Hire, which became the largest contract hire business in the UK, in 1980 T Cowie made its first foray into bus operations, buying the Grey-Green operation in London from the George Ewer Group. In 1984 T Cowie plc acquired the Hanger Group, which included Interleasing, further leasing companies acquired were Marley Leasing, RoyScot Drive and Ringway Leasing. Following the retirement of Tom Cowie, the company was renamed Cowie Group plc in April 1994, as part of the privatisation of London bus services, Cowie Group acquired the Leaside Buses and South London Transport business units in September 1994 and January 1995. Cowie plc bought United Automobile Services and British Bus in July and August 1996, as a result of these transactions, in October 1996 Cowie Group was reclassified on the stock exchange from a motor dealer to a transport group. In November 1997 the company was rebranded as Arriva plc, in that year it also bought Unibus in Denmark, its first venture outside the United Kingdom. In June 1999 Arriva sold its business to General Motors. In February 2000 Arriva purchased MTL Holdings, which included its first UK rail franchises, Merseyrail Electrics, in 2002/03 Arriva sold its motor-retailing businesses and in February 2006 it sold its vehicle-rental business to Northgate. In April 2008 the LNWR train maintenance business in England was acquired, in 2010 it was reported that the government-owned railway companies of France and Germany were considering making takeover bids for the business. SNCF subsidiary Keolis and Arriva entered discussions regarding a merger, the takeover was approved by the European Commission in August 2010, conditional on Deutsche Bahn disposing of some Arriva services in Germany. The takeover took effect on 27 August 2010, and Arriva was delisted from the London Stock Exchange on 31 August 2010, in late 2011 Arriva acquired Grand Central Railway and sold its Arriva Scotland West bus operation. In May 2013 Arriva purchased Veolia Transports Central European business with 3,400 vehicles, in May 2013 Arriva entered the Croatian bus market with the purchase of Veolia Transport Central Europe with 120 buses. Arriva group bought three medium-sized bus transport companies in 2006 and 2007 end established its own transport company Arriva vlaky s. r. o. in 2009. These four companies are owned through Arriva holding Česká republika s. r. o. which is owned by the Dutch company Arriva Coöperatie W. A
9.
Danderyd Municipality
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Danderyd Municipality is a municipality just north of Stockholm in Stockholm County in east central Sweden. It is one of the smallest municipalities of Sweden, but the most affluent and its seat is located in Djursholm. The old rural municipality Danderyd was split up during the early 20th century, since 1971 Danderyd Municipality is reunified in approximately the old boundaries. The current chairman of the executive committee is Björn Hamilton. The four districts making up Danderyd are, Danderyd, Djursholm, Stocksund within Stockholm urban area, jonas Gustavsson, the NHL player, Jakob Lindberg, the lutenist, and Christian Lindberg, the trombone soloist, were born here. The population in Danderyd Municipality is among the most affluent in the country, one of the reasons for this is the high price on real estate, which in turn is partially due to a restrictive policy on new developments by the municipality council. The European route E18 stretches from Stocksund north towards Norrtälje Municipality, Danderyd is served by the Stockholm public transport system through SL. There are two stations on the Stockholm metro red line, Danderyds sjukhus and Mörby centrum, there are also several stops on the narrow gauge Roslagsbanan suburban railway as well as an extensive bus network
10.
Sigtuna Municipality
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Sigtuna Municipality is a municipality in Stockholm County in east central Sweden. Its seat is located in the town of Märsta, approximately 37 km north of the Swedish capital, the municipality is a part of Metropolitan Stockholm. The municipality consists of former local government units and was formed in 1971. It got its name from the small, but very old, City of Sigtuna, the three towns of the municipality are Märsta, Sigtuna and Rosersberg, of which Märsta is the municipal seat and Sigtuna with its old and important history is a popular tourist destination. In the municipality lies the largest workplace in Sweden, the Arlanda Airport, as a result, Siguna is travelled through by 18,300,000 visitors yearly, and has the fourth most hotel stays, following to the commercial and regional centres Stockholm, Gothenburg and Malmö. Swedavia, the Swedish airport management company, has its office on the airport property. Scandinavian Airlines previously had its office on the airport property. The municipality is twinned with, Sønderborg Municipality in Denmark Rakvere in Estonia Raisio in Finland Porsgrunn in Norway Official website
11.
Sollentuna Municipality
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Sollentuna Municipality is a municipality in Stockholm County in east central Sweden, north of Stockholm. Its seat of government is located in Tureberg, which is a part of the Stockholm urban area. Sollentuna borders the municipalities of Solna, Sundbyberg, Stockholm, Järfälla, Upplands Väsby, Täby, Sollentuna municipality was founded in conjunction with the reform of local government in Sweden in 1863. However, its boundaries are almost equivalent to those of Sollentuna Parish, well into the 20th century, Sollentuna was a predominantly rural area. Modern Sollentuna evolved around the railway between Uppsala and Stockholm, inaugurated in 1866, five of the eight districts that make up the municipality today correspond to railway stations, now operated by Stockholm commuter rail system. From south to north, Helenelund, Tureberg, Häggvik, Norrviken, viby is an extension of Norrviken and the two remaining districts— Edsberg and Sjöberg—are found along the road to Danderyd. Other roads into Sollentuna includes the road from Kallhäll to Rotebro, Sollentuna received the title of a merchant town in 1944. Köping status was made obsolete by the reform of 1971. The assembly elects a board, which is the municipalitys main governing body. The current mayor is Douglas Lithborn, of the Moderate Party, Stockholm commuter rail have five stations within the municipality. There is also an extensive SL bus network, since 1995 the bulk of the built-up area of the municipality is statistically counted to the multimunicipal city of Stockholm. A few houses on the border are in Täby urban area. Sjöberg is constituting a locality of its own, edsviken and Norrviken are popular lakes for ice tour skating during the winter. The municipality plows a 15 km long skating track on Norrviken, note that Norrviken is also the name of a district at the western shore of the Norrviken lake. Now the site have a slightly less fancy restaurant called Edsbacka Wärdshus, edsbergs slott was built in rococo 1760. Its 400 km² can be rented, probable burial mound of King Agne from the 5th century. Sollentunavallen is the biggest playing field, the main arena is for football and athletics. Alongside it theres a field with grass, which is used for bandy during the winter season
12.
Solna Municipality
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Solna Municipality is a municipality in Stockholm County in south-east Sweden, located just north of the Stockholm City Centre. Its seat is located in the town of Solna, which is a part of the Stockholm urban area, the municipality is a part of Metropolitan Stockholm. None of the area is considered rural, which is unusual for Swedish municipalities, Solna is the third smallest municipality in Sweden in terms of area. There are two parishes in Solna Municipality, Råsunda and Solna, Solna is divided into eight traditional parts with no administrative functions, Bergshamra, Haga, Hagalund, Huvudsta, Järva, Råsunda, Skytteholm and Ulriksdal. The largest districts are Råsunda, Hagalund and Huvudsta, with the Solna Centrum in between them, the final matches of both the 1958 FIFA World Cup and the 1995 FIFA Womens World Cup were played at Råsunda Stadium, the national football stadium from 1937 to 2012. Solna has very low tax rates and has attracted a range of companies and authorities. Among the most important employers are the medical university Karolinska Institutet, the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control and the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute are also located in Solna. As with all 290 municipalities of Sweden, Solna has a municipal assembly, an executive committee is appointed by its members. It was served by trams until 1959, trams returned after 54 years of absence when Tvärbanan was extended from Alvik to Solna centrum. A further extension will be opened in 2014, skanska has its head office in Solna. NextJet has its office in Solna. Mall of Scandinavia has opened in November 2015 and is located in Solna, the head office of Scandinavian Airlines and SAS Group is located in Solna. The airline head office was located on the property of Stockholm Arlanda Airport in Sigtuna Municipality. Haga Park, part of the Royal National City Park, was initiated by king Gustav III, the city features three of Swedens royal palaces. Friends Arena, the Swedish national arena of association football, the Solna Church was constructed in the 12th century. For defensive purposes, it was built as a round church, the following football clubs are located in Solna, AIK Blue Hill KF Råsunda IS Vasalunds IF Solna Gymnasium is the senior high school/sixth form college of Solna
13.
Sundbyberg Municipality
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Sundbyberg Municipality is a municipality in Stockholm County in east central Sweden, just north of the capital Stockholm. Sundbyberg is wholly within the Stockholm urban area and has a 100% urban population, Sundbyberg was detached from Bromma in 1888 as a market town. It got the title of a city in 1927, in 1949 parts of Solna Municipality and Spånga were added. A proposed merger with Solna in 1971 was never implemented, making Sundbyberg, with an area of 8.83 square kilometres, the smallest municipality in Sweden, the municipality prefers to call itself a city, which, however, has no legal significance. Sundbyberg was for a time only an area of small agriculture value. In 1863 almost the entire area was bought by Anders Petter Löfström, including Duvbo Estate, in 1870 the first industrial plot was sold and from there the town did expand with railroad, houses, industries and community services of all kind. A. P. Löfström also donated to the municipality, all land for roads, streets, parks, school, church, Sundbyberg never became a suburb but a totally independent industrial town on its own. The 44,090 inhabitants live in roughly 17,000 apartments, the industrial policy of the municipality is to provide one job opportunity for every apartment, thus 17,000 jobs. So unlike other municipalities in Metropolitan Stockholm, Sundbyberg is not a bedroom suburb wherefrom people commute to Stockholm, in total,12,000 commuters travel to or from Sundbyberg every day. Sundbyberg is well served by the Stockholm public transport system, There are several metro stations as well as one Stockholm commuter rail station and plenty of bus routes. Even some main line trains call at Sundbyberg, 1925-1959 Sundbyberg was served by trams. Light railway returned to Sundbyberg in October 2013 when Tvärbanan light rail service was extended from Sickla Udde via Alvik to Solna centrum, the line runs through Central Sundbyberg with tracks laid in the street and has two stops within the municipality. A northern light railway branch from Ulvsunda to Kista will pass through Rissne, construction is expected to start in 2017. Central Sundbyberg Duvbo Hallonbergen Lilla Alby Rissne Storskogen Ursvik Ör There are plenty of shops in the Central Sundbyberg area
14.
Vallentuna Municipality
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Vallentuna Municipality is a municipality in Stockholm County in east central Sweden. Its seat is located in the town of Vallentuna, the current municipality was established as a result of the municipal reform of 1971. Its coat of arms depicts an eagle, a broad axe, the geography is still dominated by nature and agriculture and some lakes and streams, besides the urban areas. Many houses are one family houses, the seat of the municipality is in Vallentuna, which is a contiguous built-up area, partly situated in Täby Municipality. There are also smaller localities, such as Brottby, Karby, Kårsta, Vallentuna has been expanding in recent years, and is one of the municipalities of the county that grows fastest every year, with more than 2% yearly, and has now doubled since 1971. Many people settle in Vallentuna because it is close to nature, in total, about 9,000 people commute from Vallentuna to other municipalities, while about 2,000 people commute into Vallentuna. The municipality is served by the Stockholm public transport system through SL, there are nine stops on the narrow gauge Roslagsbanan suburban railway as well as a bus network. All over the part of Vallentuna you can find schools of different sorts, there is a cultureschool that specialises in teaching music but also drama, musical. Vallentunas Högstadie skolor are Hjälmstaskolan, Hammarbackskolan, Bällstabergsskolan and Vallentuna Friskola, there also is a Secondary School, Vallentuna Gymnasium. Vallentuna has two facilities, Vallentuna IP and Össeby IP. Vallentuna IP is a sports facility with track & field, soccer fields, ice hockey rinks, tennis courts. Össeby IP has a track & field track, soccer field, trail runs, inside tennis courts, and an inside sports gym
15.
Vaxholm Municipality
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Vaxholm Municipality is a municipality within Stockholm archipelago in Stockholm County in east central Sweden. The municipal slogan is Vaxholm – the capital of the archipelago and its seat is located in the city of Vaxholm. From 1974 to 1984 Vaxholm was united with Österåker Municipality, making up a municipality called Vaxholm, after the divorce the new Vaxholm Municipality came out larger than it had been before the amalgamation. The municipality prefers to style itself City of Vaxholm,64 islets are in the municipality, and also the peninsula Bogesundslandet. Kullö,201 inhabitants Oskar-Fredriksborg,692 inhabitants Resarö,2,079 inhabitants Vaxholm,4,887 inhabitants Ytterby, ships transporting passengers between the islands began running on a daily basis in the 1850s. Today, many of islands can also be reached by bridges from the mainland, the tourist boats depart from Stockholms Slussen
16.
Roslagsbanan
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Roslagsbanan is a 891 mm narrow gauge urban railway system in Roslagen, Stockholm County, Sweden. Its combined route length is 65 kilometres and there are 38 stations, the line starts in Stockholm at Stockholm East Station. It goes north and splits into three lines at the junction stations Djursholms Ösby and Roslags Näsby, the three branches terminate at Näsbypark, Österskär and Kårsta. It is double track between Stockholm and Viggbyholm and between Rydbo and Åkersberga, the rest is single track, but the line to Vallentuna was being doubled in 2012 and Rydbo-Åkers Runö in 2013. There are passing loops at stations on the single track sections, at Altorp, Hägernäs, Österskär, Visinge, Täby kyrkby, Ormsta, Lindholmen. The railway, owned by the Stockholm County Council through the transport company Storstockholms Lokaltrafik, is not part of the nationally owned network. It is the narrow gauge railway in Sweden still in use for commercial traffic. Roslagsbanan is part of the Stockholm public transport system and it is operated under contract by Arriva Sverige from 7 January 2013. Arriva Sverige took over from previous contracted company Roslagståg AB, which was a joint venture by the Danish DSB, despite its age and limited capacity it is one of the most used railways in Sweden. Since the late 1980s, the railway has constantly but slowly been upgraded to a standard with modernised rolling stock, higher platforms. There are 15 departures from Stockholm East in the rush hour. In 2015, the raliway had a ridership of 42,000 journeys per day, Roslagsbanan is now used by Storstockholms lokaltrafik for commuter transport. For more information on this, see the section below. The line numbers are not displayed on the trains, only the name of the destination is displayed. In the timetables of Samtrafiken, the lines do not have the numbers as stated above, the present train sets were manufactured by ABB Railcar and delivered in 1988–1995. The train sets are owned by SL, but maintained and operated by Roslagståg, the refurbishment also included new interiors and exteriors. There are some problems with the rolling stock, previously, the carriages had very poor wheelchair accessibility due to narrow doors and stairs, with the 2012–2016 refurbishment, this has been fixed on some carriages. The trains are very noisy, especially considering the railway mostly goes through built up suburban areas
17.
Nockebybanan
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Nockebybanan is a tram line between Nockeby and Alvik in the western suburbs of Stockholm, Sweden. The 5.6 kilometers long line is part of the Storstockholms Lokaltrafik public transport network, Nockebybanan, also known as line 12, is operated by Arriva. The first part of the current line to Alléparken was opened in 1914, the line was then gradually extended westwards, reaching the current terminus at Nockeby in 1929. To the east, the line ran to Tegelbacken in central Stockholm, the pontoon bridge was replaced in 1934 with the new Tranebergsbron. Conversion happened in 1952, forming the western section of the present-day Green Line, consequently, the Nockebybanan was cut off from running into the city and became a feeder route for the Metro at Alvik. Nockebybanan and Lidingöbanan were the tram lines in the Stockholm region not to be withdrawn in conjunction with the switch to right-hand traffic in 1967. Trams now run on the right from Nockeby to the station at Alléparken. By the 1990s, the line and rolling stock was in a state of repair and was widely expected to be dismantled and replaced with bus services. In 1975, the line had been re-numbered from 12 to 120, however, a concerted local campaign saved the line and from June 1997 to June 1998 the line was closed and renovated, and new Flexity Swift trams were introduced from 1999. A running race in the neighbourhoods, Tolvanloppet takes both name and distance from the line number. Nockebybanan has a line with ten stops, running from Nockeby to Alvik in Bromma borough. At Alvik, passengers can change to the Stockholm Metro green line, the tramway is separated from roads, but has some level crossings. The journey time from Alvik to Nockeby is 14 minutes, with service intervals varying between 6 minutes in the morning and evening peaks, and 20 minutes during the evening, typical weekday traffic is around 9,000 passengers. The line is served by 30 meter long Flexity Swift trams, the depot and traffic control center at Alvik are shared with Tvärbanan. As of 2014, new CAF Urbos trams ordered for the Tvärbanan extension to Solna are occasionally seen in traffic. Trams access the depot at Alvik via tracks to the west of the station and these are shared with the metro, and therefore are electrified with both overhead lines for trams and third rail for the Metro. Roslagsbanan Trams in Stockholm Public transport in Stockholm List of tram and light rail transit systems PDF map of Nockebybanan and Tvärbanan lines Storstockholms Lokaltrafik —Official site
18.
Keolis
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Keolis is the largest private sector French transport group. It runs passenger railways, tramways, bus networks, funiculars, trolley buses, based in Paris, Keolis is 70%-owned by the SNCF and 30%-owned by the Caisse de dépôt et placement du Québec. In 2013 Keolis turned over €5.1 billion and it is the largest provider of public-transportation services in France. Keolis holds a 51% shareholding in Keolis Downer, which has operated the Melbourne tram network since November 2009, Keolis Downer has operated the G, link light rail line on the Gold Coast since July 2014. In March 2015, Keolis Downer purchased bus operator Australian Transit Enterprises which operates the Hornibrook Bus Lines, Link SA, Path Transit, Keolis is involved in the operation of Quebec intercity bus company Orléans Express. From 2004 to 2012 it also operated Acadian Lines intercity buses in The Maritimes, the latter services have since been taken over by independent operator Maritime Bus. It is a partner in the GrandLinq consortium which will operate the Ion rapid transit system in Waterloo Region, in China, Keolis joins with Shanghai Shentong Metro Group, the owner of Shanghai Metro, in creating Shanghai Keolis Public Transport. An agreement had been signed between Keolis and Hubei Province Government, and Keolis will be responsible for Greater Wuhan areas suburban railway operation, Keolis has extensive operations in France. It provides transit services in cities including Bordeaux, Brest, Dijon, Lille, Lyon, Orléans. In January 2016, the 260 vehicle Transports Daniel Myers business was purchased, based in the Essonne/Val-de-Marne basin, its main operations are in Montlhéry, Etampes and Avrainville. Under the brand name eurobahn Keolis is operating multiple regional train services in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia and they also operated, and will do so again in a few years, in Lower Saxony. Eurobahn uses Stadler FLIRT electric multiple units and Bombardier Talent diesel cars to serve these lines, the trains will be running in an neutral VRR design. In the United Kingdom, Keolis owns 35% of Govia that currently operates the Govia Thameslink Railway, Southern, Southeastern, Keolis also had a 45% shareholding in First TransPennine Express from February 2004 until March 2016. Upon being re-tendered, FirstGroup took full control, in 2012, Keolis lodged a joint bid with SNCF for the aborted InterCity West Coast franchise and in 2014, in partnership with Eurostar, lodged a bid for the InterCity East Coast franchise. Keolis is part of a consortium that commenced operating the Nottingham Express Transit tram operation in December 2011, Keolis also commenced operating the Docklands Light Rail concession in December 2014. Keolis in partnership with Amey will commence operating the Manchester Metrolink concession in July 2017, on October 16,2009, the Virginia Railway Express Operations Board approved an $85 million contract with Keolis Rail Services America to operate and maintain VRE trains for five years. Keolis began operating VRE on July 12,2010 after a two-week delay, both Amtrak and Keolis had staffed the VRE lines with about 80 employees. The operator of the line, Amtrak, also challenged the propriety of hiring a foreign company
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Stockholm City Centre
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Stockholm City Centre is the city centre of Stockholm in Sweden. The entire city of Stockholm is also the centre of the Stockholm Metropolitan Area, since 2007, Stockholm City Centre is organized into four stadsdelsområden, Kungsholmen, Södermalm, Norrmalm and Östermalm. Before 2007, Stockholm City Centre was organized into five stadsdelsnämndsområden, Katarina-Sofia borough, Kungsholmen borough, Maria-Gamla stan borough, Norrmalm borough, the border between the historical provinces of Uppland and Södermanland splits Stockholm City Centre in two parts. 179,185 people live on an area of 28.05 km² in the northern, Upplandian, part, the same data for the southern, Södermanlandian, part is 103,646 people on 7.44 km², giving a density of 13,930. 91/km². This border is purely historical and has no significance whatsoever
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Botkyrka Municipality
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Botkyrka Municipality is a municipality in Stockholm County in east central Sweden, not far from the capital Stockholm. Its seat is located in the town of Tumba, in 1971 Grödinge was merged with Botkyrka and in 1974 Salem was added. The Salem part was already in 1983 split off again and a new Salem Municipality was formed, the municipality is named after Saint Botvid, a Christian missionary during the 12th century. Saint Botvid is shown on the seal and coat of arms of Botkyrka Municipality, where he carries an axe, another remnant of Botkyrkas Christian medieval history is the Botkyrka church, made of stone. Botkyrka, particularly Northern Botkyrka, has one of the highest percentages of first,56. 4% the population has at least one parent born in another country. This gives the municipality a multi-cultural atmosphere with for example a big Syriac Orthodox Church in Hallunda, politically the municipality is primarily Social Democratic, that has governed Botkyrka for a long period except 3 years in the early 1990th. However, with less seats the party now governs together with The Green Party, there have also been several local parties. For a long period a local party called Botkyrkapartiet has held several seats, a party was also active from mid 1980th to mid 1990th with only one purpose - to prevent the exploitation of the small airfield, F18, in Tullinge to become a commercial airport in the 1980s. In the election 2010 a local party for the area of Tullinge got 6 seats on the agenda of separating Tullinge from Botkyrka as a separate municipality, Botkyrka has two local, weekly, newspapers called Mitt i Botkyrka and Södra Sidan. They are delivered free of charge to all households, the Swedish hip hop group The Latin Kings raps about life in Botkyrka in several of their songs. The northern and eastern parts of the municipality are in the contiguous Stockholm urban area, Tumba forms a locality of its own. Vårsta is in the central part, the southern half of the municipality is mostly rural. Botkyrka is served by the Stockholm public transport system, Stockholm metro has four and Stockholm commuter rail two stations within the municipality. There is also an extensive SL bus network, Botkyrka is a municipal with several world-famous companies. The company also owns significant land in Botkyrka used for development of its agricultural division, deLaval The company is a leading producer of dairy and farming machinery. Tumba Bruk The company produces banknotes
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Huddinge Municipality
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Huddinge Municipality is a municipality in Stockholm County in east central Sweden. Its seat is located in Huddinge, which is a part of Stockholm urban area, the municipality is, with its 100,000 inhabitants, the second most populated in Stockholm County. The municipality covers the central part of the Södertörn peninsula. More than half of the area consists of agriculture, forests, hills, or lakes. Huddinge borders the municipalities, Stockholm Municipality, Ekerö Municipality, Botkyrka Municipality, Haninge Municipality. Björksättra Peninsula Nature Reserve Flemingsbergsskogen Nature Reserve Gömmaren Nature Reserve, including the Fullersta kvarn Natura 2000 area, gladöskogen Nature Reserve Gömsta Äng Nature Reserve Lännaskogen Nature Reserve, including Lissma-Kvarnsjö and Lännaskogen Natura 2000 areas. Orlången Nature Reserve Paradiset Nature Reserve, including Granby and Hanveden Natura 2000 areas. 5% of the population of Stockholm County, the average age is 36.7 years, but one-third of the population is under 25 years of age. This means that Huddinge has a younger population than both Stockholm County and the whole country. The population density of the municipality is increasing significantly, since the 1960s, the population has doubled in size and is currently among the 14 largest municipalities in Sweden. The population of Huddinge passed the one of Gävle in 2008, and it is believed that the history of Huddinge goes back at least 1,000 years, to before the Viking Age. When hostile ships approached the community, the inhabitants of Huddinge would climb to high locations, beacons were located around the entirety of Lake Mälaren. Huddinges coat of arms has its origins in this tradition, the name Huddinge is believed to come from the Uddungs - the first inhabitants in this area, which during the Iron Age lived on the shores of Lake Mälaren nearby Vårby. Huddinge is served by the Stockholm public transport system, there are two stations on the Stockholm Metro and five on the Stockholm commuter rail system as well as large bus network. Some main line trains call at Flemingsberg, the municipality contains six public libraries, Södertörn University College and one of the campuses for Karolinska Institutet. Kungens Kurva is one of Swedens largest shopping areas and it hosts, among other things, the largest IKEA store in the world, the largest cinema in the country, and a large shopping centre. In total, it generates a turnover of 6 billion Swedish kronor and has 15 million visitors per year, peter Forsberg also happened to make his debut as a senior player with his original club Modo Hockey, facing Huddinge away. After years of debate a vote is planned was 2008 regarding a split of Huddinge into two different municipalities named in published documents as Huddinge and Huddinge östra, the intention with a split is to make the eastern part of Huddinge its own municipality after years of protests from inhabitants. Due to large protests it was decided in 2007 to hold a vote regarding the split, however it was proposed that only the inhabitants of eastern Huddinge would be allowed to vote
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Nacka Municipality
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Nacka Municipality is a municipality in Stockholm County in east central Sweden. Its seat is located at Nacka, the municipality is situated just east of the capital Stockholm and the western parts are considered a suburban part of the city of Stockholm. The present municipality was created in 1971 when the City of Nacka was amalgamated with Saltsjöbaden, the municipality is situated in two historical provinces, Uppland and Södermanland, but in one administrative county, Stockholm County. The western densely built-up area of Nacka Municipality is a part of the city of Stockholm. About 50,000 of the total population live there. There are also some more localities in the municipality, the larger ones are, Boo, Fisksätra, Saltsjöbaden, Skuru and Älta. The area has been populated since the first mountaintops emerged as islands from the sea after the end of the last Ice Age, during the Viking Age the area has been estimated to have been populated by 100 people. They were living by farming and fishing, a Danish sailing description from the end of the 13th century describes the area as a transportation region. The water roads were easier to use than the land roads, due to these circumstances there were plenty of restaurants along the shores to cater to the travelers. An article by Gunnar Ahlberg describes 24 different outlets and their busy service, in the 18th century the restaurants closer to the city were transformed from shabby small places to more sophisticated establishments. Here came not only travelers but also the citizens of Stockholm for a summer excursion, many of the artists of the times have documented these excursions in drawings as well as songs. During the wintertime the waterways changes somewhat and instead of taking the sea way the travelers crossed the lakes with sleighs in order to reach Stockholm. The municipalitys name harks back to a 16th-century industrial operation established by the Crown at Nacka farmstead where conditions for water mills are good. That spot is now, however, not densely populated, one of many battles during the Great Northern War took place in the most eastern part of Nacka. In 1719, Russian forces burned and raided the eastern coast of Sweden, several cities were attacked and almost all buildings in the archipelago of Stockholm were burned. On their way to Stockholm greatly outnumbered Swedish forces managed to fight off the attacking Russians at the battle of Stäket, the municipality has had a continuous population increase since the 1960s, almost doubling the population. Today it is the third most populous municipality in Stockholm County, after Stockholm Municipality and Huddinge Municipality -, Nacka became the location of an experiment in psychiatry in the 1970s, initiated by psychiatrist Bengt Bengtsson. It allowed the inhabitants a local access to methods for preventive purposes
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Salem Municipality
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Salem Municipality is a municipality in Stockholm County in east central Sweden. The name traces its origins from Slaem in the 16th century, but was changed to Salem. Its seat is located in Salem, like the rest of the areas around Lake Mälaren, Salem has a significant amount of ancient remains, as far back as the Stone Age. The church of Salem traces its foundation to the 12th century, just like its eastern municipal neighbour Botkyrka, Salem traces its history back to the legendary Saint Botvid, who lived in the area sometime between 1050-1120. In the medieval tradition, a spring would always be found in connection to the death of a saint. According to legend, when the remains of Saint Botvid were transported to the church in todays Botkyrka, the casket was put down near the shore of Lake Bornsjön. It continues to provide water to this day. Salem was united with the municipality of Botkyrka during the Swedish municipal reform between 1971-1974, however, in 1983, after energetic protests, they were split apart, and Salem became the 14th smallest municipality by area in the country. Salem is served by one station, Rönninge, on the train line between Södertälje and Märsta via Stockholm. There are also a network of bus lines. The number of people in Salem is about 30% less during day time due to that it has the biggest percentage of people in Stockholm county that work outside own municipal
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Stockholm commuter rail
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Stockholm commuter rail is the commuter rail system in Stockholm County, Sweden. The system is an important part of the transport in Stockholm, and is controlled by Stockholm Transport. The tracks are state-owned and administered by the Swedish Transport Administration, in December 2016, MTR Corporation overtook operation of the services. Local trains have operated on the mainline railways around Stockholm since the late nineteenth century. New trains were bought, stations were modernised, and the Stockholm commuter rail network was developed with an aim of making it more metro-like, originally the system was branded as SL förortståg, and later as SL lokaltåg. Only in the 1980s did the system became known as Stockholms pendeltåg. In its first year of operation there was one route which went from Södertälje to Kungsängen via Stockholm Central Station. On 1 June 1969 the system was extended to Märsta via a branch located after Karlberg, in 1975 another branch line opened to Västerhaninge, with a single-track shuttle service to Nynäshamn. Trains on the Kungsängen branch now terminated at Västerhaninge instead of Stockholm C, from 1986 until 1996, important improvements were made to the railways around Stockholm. The service frequency was increased, and from 2001 most stations on the network are served by trains at regular 15-minute intervals. In 2001, the arm of the network was extended from Kungsängen to Bålsta. A southern infill station at Årstaberg was inaugurated in 2006 in order to connect with the then new Tvärbanan light rail system, on 18 August 2008 a new station at Gröndalsviken opened on the southeastern Västerhaninge-Nynäshamn shuttle. Since 9 December 2012 it is possible for Stockholm commuter rail trains to stop at Stockholm Arlanda Airport and it takes 38 minutes from Arlanda C station to Stockholm C, and 18 minutes from Arlanda C to Uppsala C. Discussions on the began in December 2007. The airport has had service from Stockholm Central through Arlanda Express since 1999. The implementation required negotiations between Stockholm Transport and Arlanda Express, who had operating rights for the tracks, operation of the Stockholm commuter rail lines has been contracted to private companies since 2000. The first franchise holder was Citypendeln, which operated the Stockholm commuter rail from 2000 until 17 June 2006, since then, the network is currently operated by Stockholmståg, a subsidiary of SJ AB, the former Swedish State Railways company. On 11 December 2016 MTR Corporation will commence operating the services on a contract with an option to extend for a further four
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Nobina Sverige
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Nobina Sverige AB, former Swebus AB, is the largest bus operator in Sweden, with 5,277 employees,2,241 buses and net sales of 5,138 million SEK. It was owned by the Swedish State Railways until October 1996, when it was sold to Stagecoach Group, Swebus AB was officially formed on 1 January 1990, when all bus operations of the Swedish State Railways were merged to one company. This included SJ Buss and GDG Biltrafikk AB, owned through SJs subsidiary Swedcarrier AB, the history of SJs bus operations date back to 1911, while GDG dates back to 1932. However, the companies operated like before for some months, and GDG became Swebus from 1 May, the two subsidiaries Swebus Inrikes AB and Swebus Utrikes AB were formed. On 1 July 1991, Postens Diligenstrafik, the Swedish postal services own bus operator was also incorporated and this operator had many brucks for carrying mail in rural parts of Sweden. In 1994, Swebus expanded their activities to Finland by acquiring Finnish operator HPT-TransBus Oy, another Finnish bus operator, Oy Espoon Auto Ab, was acquired in 1995 and was later merged into Swebus Finland. The management of all operations were transferred to Stagecoach, and on 14 April 1998. In April 1997, the long distance coach service Swebus Express was started with traffic in several of Swebus route areas. The name had first been used in the 1980s, and had also been used on the long distance routes prior to 1997. The Swebus Express division was made into a separate subsidiary. On 27 October 1999, Stagecoach announced that they would sell Swebus to Norwegian-American bus transport group Concordia Bus, when the Concordia Bus group changed name to Nobina 1 December 2009, Swebus was also renamed to Nobina Sverige AB. In 1993, Swebus Danmark A/S was established as a Danish subsidiary, Swebus Danmark also won a contract in North Zealand with base in Hørsholm, which started on 1 June 1996. After the Stagecoach takeover, all of Swebus operations in Denmark were sold to former Danish State Railways bus division Combus A/S in autumn of 1997. As the three cities surround lake Mjøsa, Norways largest freshwater lake, they were all renamed Mjøsbuss AS, with a logo, Mjøsbuss had a total of 270 buses in its fleet. In a new Stagecoach-led attempt to gain traffic in Oslo, they bid for Oslo og Follo Busstrafikk AS, one of the bus operators in the Oslo area. Also a bid for Bærums Forenede Bilruter AS was lost to Norgesbuss, Stagecoach had no further interest in the Norwegian market outside Oslo, and all operations in Norway were sold to Norgesbuss on 30 April 1997. Media related to Nobina Sverige at Wikimedia Commons Nobina Sverige website
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Haninge Municipality
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Haninge Municipality is a municipality in Stockholm County in east central Sweden. Its seat is located in Handen, a part of the Stockholm urban area, Haninge Municipality was formed in 1971 when Västerhaninge and Österhaninge were united. The municipal coat of arms depicts a capercaillie from which the name Haninge is believed to have been derived, the German word usage is supposedly from the old German Hansa traders who operated in the area. Haninge cherishes its nature, housing the southern parts of the scenic Stockholm archipelago, there are over 3,600 islands, islets and skerries belonging to the municipality, with the three largest islands being Utö, Ornö and Muskö. A car tunnel, the longest in Sweden, connects Muskö to the mainland, the other two of the islands are reached with passenger and car ferries. Dalarö Stockholm Jordbro Muskö Västerhaninge Brandbergen Dalarö Handen Jordbro Sågen Vega Västerhaninge Tungelsta The scenic Stockholm Sweden Temple was built in Västerhaninge in 1985 and it is the only temple of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Sweden. This temple is also the center of the LDS church in northern Europe, there is a comparatively large Sweden-Finn community in Haninge which is estimated to be about 5% of the population. The International Olympiad in Informatics was held in Haninge in 1994, stefan Nystrand, freestyle swimmer Fredrik Reinfeldt, Prime Minister of Sweden until September 2014
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Nykvarn Municipality
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Nykvarn Municipality is a municipality in Stockholm County in east central Sweden. Its seat is located in the town of Nykvarn, Nykvarn is a young municipality, and is the result of the splitting of Södertälje Municipality in 1999. Nykvarn can be regarded as a new municipality, because there was never before an entity with that territory or that name. The municipality has a significant population increase in the thanks to tourism. Nykvarn is located between the two cities Södertälje and Strängnäs, and many citizens of Nykvarn work in either, archeological finds show the area to have been inhabited for about 5,000 years, similar to its neighbouring municipalities around Lake Mälaren. Besides graves from the Stone Age, there is also a runestone that can be visited that is listed in the Rundata catalog as Sö338. It currently resides in the Turinge church, a church that has a history dating back to around the year 1100 and this runestone has a very long inscription. A newer sight is the Taxinge-Näsby Castle, which was sometime in or before the 14th century. The castle has its current facade in the style from 1813
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Upplands-Bro Municipality
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Upplands-Bro Municipality is a municipality in Stockholm County in east central Sweden. Its seat is located in the town of Kungsängen, the municipality was formed in 1952 through the amalgamation of five rural municipalities in Uppsala County. In 1971 it was transferred to Stockholm County, situated by Lake Mälaren it is distinguished by its nature. The municipality is served by the Stockholm public transport operated by SL. A new depot for commuter trains has recently built in the municipality. There is also a bus network, as apparent from its coat of arms, Upplands-Bro takes pride in its pre-historic history, and boasts some of the oldest ancient remains in Sweden. From the Iron Age, about 4,000 burial places have been found, every one of the six parishes also hosts a medieval church, built between 1100–1400. In the 15th century, the fortress Almarestäket was built in the municipality and it was the seat of the Swedish archbishop until the Archbishop Gustav Trolle besieged himself there in 1517, leading to the demolition of the fortress in 1519. The ruins can still be visited, since 1970, the main base of the combined cavalry/infantry regiment Life Guards is located in Upplands-Bro. The regiment trains conscript companies of mechanized infantry, Royal Guards and it is also the home of the Swedish Armed Forces International Centre
Media related to Storstockholms Lokaltrafik at Wikimedia Commons