1.
Swedish krona
–
The krona has been the currency of Sweden since 1873. Both the ISO code SEK and currency sign kr are in use, the former precedes or follows the value. In English, the currency is referred to as the Swedish crown. The Swedish krona was the 11th most traded currency in the world by value in April 2013, one krona is subdivided into 100 öre. However, all öre coins have been discontinued as of 30 September 2010, goods can still be priced in öre, but all sums are rounded to the nearest krona when paying with cash. The introduction of the krona, which replaced at par the riksdaler, was a result of the Scandinavian Monetary Union, which came into effect in 1876 and lasted until the beginning of World War I. The parties to the union were the Scandinavian countries, where the name was krona in Sweden and krone in Denmark and Norway, the three currencies were on the gold standard, with the krona/krone defined as 1⁄2480 of a kilogram of pure gold. After dissolution of the union in August 1914, Sweden, Denmark. On 11 September 2012, the Riksbank announced a new series of coins with new sizes to replace the 1 and 5 kronor coins which arrived in October 2016. The design of the coins follows the theme of singer-songwriter Ted Gärdestads song, Sol, vind och vatten and this also included the reintroduction of the 2 kronor coin, while the current 10 kronor coin remained the same. The new coins also have a new portrait of the king in the design, one of the reasons for a new series of coins is to end the use of nickel. It is expected that vending machines and parking meters will to a high degree stop accepting coins. Cash is already used in Sweden, with many young people avoiding cash as much as possible. Between 1873 and 1876, coins in denominations of 1,2,5,10,25, and 50 öre and 1,2,10, and 20 kronor were introduced. The 1,2 and 5 öre were in bronze, the 10,25,50 öre and 1 krona and 2 kronor were in silver, gold 5 kronor coins were added in 1881. In 1873 the Scandinavian Monetary Union currency was fixed so that 248,000 öre purchased 1 kg of gold, in 2017 the price of gold is 365,289 kronor per kg. So one öre in 1873 bought as much gold as 1.47 krona in 2017, so if it is reasonable to have the smallest denomination coin 1 krona today, in 1873 a reasonable smallest denomination coin was 1 öre. A10 kr gold coin weighed 4.4803 grams with 900 finess so that the weight was 4.03327 grams or exactly 1/248th of a kilogram
2.
Public transport in Stockholm
–
Public transport in Stockholm consists of bus, metro, regional/suburban rail, light rail, tram and archipelago boat operation in Stockholm County, Sweden. The bus and rail is organized by Storstockholms Lokaltrafik, SL, the operation and maintenance of the public transport systems are delegated by SL to several contractors. The boat traffic is handled by Waxholmsbolaget, the airport rapid public transport systems are handled separately though, with Flygbussarna providing airport bus services, and Arlanda Express an airport train service. There is a vast number of bus lines in Stockholm County, there are three different kinds of bus lines that differ from regular bus lines. These are called blue bus lines because the buses operate on them are painted blue. The service bus lines are especially adapted for people, and are found in certain residential areas. Along some parts of these instead of regular bus stops there are areas where one can halt the bus just by waving at them. The Stockholm Metro consists of three groups of lines, which are referred to as a singular line. The Stockholm metro has been called the worlds longest art gallery, with most of the networks 100 stations decorated with sculptures, mosaics, paintings, installations, engravings, there are three suburban rail systems, with eight lines. Roslagsbanan uses an 891 mm narrow gauge, the others use standard gauge, there are regional and InterCity trains going on the mainlines between Stockholm and cities outside the county. These cities include Uppsala, Gävle, Eskilstuna, Linköping, Västerås and these train are run by SJ on their own, and SJ tickets or special combination tickets called TiM are valid. The trains are run for a profit by SJ, without tax support and this is possible by having relatively expensive monthly tickets, for example about 2000 kr Stockholm-Uppsala. There is one heritage tram line operational, Djurgården line, the infrastructure is owned by SL, but the cars are owned and operated by the Swedish Tramway Society. There are three light rail lines and one inner city tram line in Stockholm and only two of them, Nockebybanan and the new Tvärbanan are connected and share depot and rolling stock. The LRV primarily used on lines are a localized version of Bombardiers Flexity Swift. There are several Stockholm archipelago boat lines in Stockholm County, run by Waxholmsbolaget, some of them operate year around. One boat line, Djurgårdsfärjan, goes in central Stockholm, between Slussen and Djurgården, the SL tickets and travelcards are valid on that one, but not on any other Waxholmsbolaget routes. It is also possible to take public transport to and from the airports
3.
Stockholm metro
–
The Stockholm metro is a metro system in Stockholm, Sweden. The first line opened in 1950, and today the system has 100 stations in use, there are three coloured main lines on the tube maps. These do however form seven actual routes, routes number 17,18 and 19,13 and 14 and 10 and 11 all go through Stockholm City Centre in a very centralized metro system. All seven actual lines use The T-Centralen hub station, the metro is like the London Underground and the Paris Métro, but unlike the U-Bahn and S-Bahn in Berlin, in that it is equipped with ticket gates. Single tickets must be bought in advance, or at ticket machines that are available in all underground stations, passengers can also buy tickets at the ticket booth, just by the gates to the metro. In 2013, the metro carried 328 million passengers, which corresponds to approximately 898,630 riders per day, the 105. 7-kilometre-long metro system is owned by the Stockholm County Council through the company Storstockholms Lokaltrafik. The operation is contracted to MTR Corporation, the decision to build a metro was made in 1941. The following years, and in some earlier, some routes were built with near metro standard. These included Kristineberg-Islandstorget, Slussen–Blåsut and Telefonplan–Hägerstensåsen, the first part of the metro was opened on 1 October 1950, from Slussen to Hökarängen, having been converted from tram to metro operation. In 1951 a second line from Slussen to Stureby was opened, in 1952, a second system, from Hötorget to the western suburbs was opened. In 1957, the two parts were connected via the Central station and the Old Town, forming the Green Line, during the period 1950-1960 the Green Line was extended piece by piece. The Red Line was opened in 1964, from T-Centralen over Liljeholmen ending in Fruängen and Örnsberg and it was extended piece by piece until 1978. The third and final system, the Blue Line, was opened in 1975, as the construction requirements have become more strict over the years, newer segments have more tunnels than older, and the Blue Line is almost all in tunnel. The latest addition to the network, Skarpnäck station, was opened in 1994. There are 100 stations in use in the Stockholm metro, one station, Kymlinge, was built but never taken into use. One station has taken out of use and demolished. The Bagarmossen old surface station was demolished and replaced with a new underground station, the Stockholm metro is well known for its decoration of the stations, it has been called the longest art gallery in the world. Several of the stations are left with the exposed, crude and unfinished
4.
Stockholm County
–
Stockholm County is a county or län on the Baltic sea coast of Sweden. It borders Uppsala County and Södermanland County and it also borders Mälaren and the Baltic Sea. The city of Stockholm is the capital of Sweden, Stockholm County is divided by the historic provinces of Uppland and Södermanland. More than one fifth of the Swedish population lives in the county, Stockholm County is also one of the statistical riksområden according to NUTS, SE, Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics within the EU. With more than two inhabitants, Stockholm is the most densely populated county of Sweden. For History, Geography and Culture see also, Uppland, Södermanland, Roslagen, Södertörn, the City of Stockholm then constituted its own administrative entity under the Over-Governor of Stockholm and was not part of Stockholm County. Though outside Stockholm County, the City of Stockholm was its seat, on 1 January 1968, Stockholm County was united with the City of Stockholm. The arms for the County of Stockholm is a combination of the arms of Uppland, Södermanland, when it is shown with a royal crown it represents the County Administrative Board. The county of Stockholm comprises 26 political municipalities, The largest built-up places in the county are shown below and these refer to contiguous settlements and may straddle municipal boundaries. Prior to 1968 the County of Stockholm did not include the City of Stockholm, the City was instead under the Over-Governors Office, and the County included the surrounding countryside. The County had its separate Governor of Stockholm County, the County Administrative Board is a Government Agency headed by a Governor. The local administration of the county is under Stockholm County Council and its main responsibilities are for the public healthcare system and public transport. The county council has 149 members elected by proportional representation through elections held in conjunction with the general elections every four years, the county council itself elects the countys executive committee. The president of the committee also holds the title Commissioner of Finance, the current commissioner is Catharina Elmsäter-Svärd, of the Moderate Party. The members of the executive committee represent both the majority and the opposition, with responsibility for implementing policies approved by the county council. Stockholm County contains two multi-seat constituencies for county council elections, Stockholm Municipality makes up the first constituency while the second makes up the rest of the county. The county council operates most of the hospitals in the county, some of the facilities are. The hospital contains two major facilities, one in Solna and one in Huddinge, södersjukhuset Danderyd Hospital Södertälje Hospital Norrtälje Hospital S, t Erik Ocular Clinic The county council is responsible for the public transport in Stockholm
5.
Swedish State Railways
–
The Swedish State Railways or SJ, originally the Royal Railway Board, was the former government agency responsible for operating the state railways in Sweden. In 1988, the tracks themselves were transferred to the Swedish Rail Administration. Train cleaning and switching TrainTech Engineering, currently a part of Interfleet Technology, some of them have been sold to other companies, but SJ AB, Green Cargo and Jernhusen are still fully government owned. Apart from these companies, Statens Järnvägar for a time existed as a governmental agency and it controlled some property, but had no regular railroad activities. It was dismantled by the end of 2012, media related to Statens Järnvägar at Wikimedia Commons
6.
Waxholmsbolaget
–
The company, which is mostly tax-funded, carried about 4.3 million travellers in 2003, covering a region from Arholma in north to Landsort in south. The company owns 21 archipelago boats, and four boats for the inner-city Djurgårdsfärjan line, the operation of the ships is handled by several contractors, some of whom have their own ships. It was created out of the Djurgårdens Ångbåts-Aktie-Bolag, which was established in 1849, the Stockholm county council has owned the company since 1967. In 1970, Waxholmsbolaget took over the Djurgården ferries
Media related to Storstockholms Lokaltrafik at Wikimedia Commons