1.
Weedeater (band)
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Weedeater are a stoner metal band formed in Wilmington, North Carolina in 1998. The groups most recent album, Goliathan, was released on May 19,2015, the band released their debut album titled. And Justice for Yall in 2001 and released their second album Sixteen Tons in 2003, in 2009 a deluxe double LP version on the album was also released. The band was announced as a support act for the American heavy metal supergroup Down. The band was announced as one of the acts to play at 2010s Hellfest among the likes of Arch Enemy, Architects. The album was released on March 15,2011 after all the setbacks caused by the bands injuries throughout 2010. The band went on tour in the US to support the release of the album however had to cancel the last few shows due to Dave Shepherd breaking his hand which disallowed him to play guitar. Travis Owen joined the band as drummer and they are scheduled to record their newest album in September 2014 with Steve Albini in Chicago, while the band focuses on metal they also have acoustic elements in songs such as Woes Me and Kira May from their second album Sixteen Tons. Dave Dixie Collins - vocals, bass Dave Shep Shepherd - guitar Travis Owen - drums Studio albums Official website Weedeater on Facebook
2.
Garden tool
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A garden tool is any one of many tools made for gardens and gardening and overlaps with the range of tools made for agriculture and horticulture. Garden tools can also be tools and power tools. The hand tools used by gardeners originated with the earliest agricultural implements used by humans. Examples include, Axe Sickle Pitchfork Spade Scythe Shovel Trowel Hoe Fork Rake In some places the machete may be used as a tool as well. The earliest tools were made of wood, flint, metal, tin, however, the development of metal working, first in copper and later in iron and steel, enabled the manufacture of more durable tools. Industrial metalworking enabled the manufacture of efficient cutting tools, including pruning shears, grass shears, loppers and larger, modern tool design includes ergonomics considerations. Tools are being designed that induce ever less stress on the body when used. The most efficient tools keep the body in a position while being used. This helps to lessen the stress on joints and muscles, an advantage of this approach is that it requires gardeners to exert less energy whilst using the tools. Some modern patents such as US7,832,125 show an example without hand stop provisions, the first power tool to become popular with gardeners was the lawn mower. US emission standards specifically limit emissions from small engines. Agricultural machinery Antique tool Cutting tool Diamond tool Groundskeeping equipment Hand tool Landscape products Mechanised agriculture Power tool Tool BBC How to be a gardener
3.
Monofilament fishing line
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Monofilament fishing line is fishing line made from a single fiber of plastic. Most fishing lines are now monofilament because monofilament fibers are cheap to produce and are produced in a range of diameters which have different tensile strengths, Monofilament line is also manufactured in different colors, such as clear, white, green, blue, red, and fluorescent. Monofilament is made by melting and mixing polymers and then extruding the mixture through holes, forming strands of line. The extrusion process controls not only the thickness of the line, DuPont made public in 1938 that their company had invented nylon. This new invention was the first synthetic fiber, fabrics that are used in textiles today. Early monofilament did, however, have good strength and very low visibility to the fish. In 1959 DuPont introduced Stren, a thinner and much softer monofilament line that could be used in a range of reels, including newly introduced spinning. Strens monofilament lines soon became a favorite with many fishermen because of its ease of use. New materials, e. g. Spectra or Dyneema, are finding growing usage as fishing lines, polyvinylidene fluoride sold as fluorocarbon is very much like nylon monofilament, but has several advantages. Optical density is lower, which makes the less easily discernible. The surface is harder so it is resistant to sharp fish teeth. Furthermore, PVDF does not take up water and it is resistant to UV-light and it is denser than nylon, too, which makes it sink faster and it will not float on the water surface. Dyneema is also becoming popular and it is much stronger. Because the elastic stretching is only a fraction of that of nylon monofilament and it is often used for deep water fishing from boats because lower diameters are used, which give less resistance to currents, and the low stretch makes bites easily detectable. Monofilament fishing line is used in a variety of fishing applications. Monofilament is not advisable for deepwater fishing, since it can absorb water, resulting in loose knots, Monofilament degrades with time and can weaken when exposed to heat and sunlight. When stored on a spool for a time, it may come off the fishing reel in coils or loops. It is advisable to change monofilament line at intervals to prevent degradation
4.
Houston
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Houston is the most populous city in the state of Texas and the fourth-most populous city in the United States. With a census-estimated 2014 population of 2.239 million within an area of 667 square miles, it also is the largest city in the southern United States and the seat of Harris County. Located in Southeast Texas near the Gulf of Mexico, it is the city of Houston–The Woodlands–Sugar Land. Houston was founded on August 28,1836, near the banks of Buffalo Bayou and incorporated as a city on June 5,1837. The city was named after former General Sam Houston, who was president of the Republic of Texas and had commanded, the burgeoning port and railroad industry, combined with oil discovery in 1901, has induced continual surges in the citys population. Houstons economy has an industrial base in energy, manufacturing, aeronautics. Leading in health care sectors and building equipment, Houston has more Fortune 500 headquarters within its city limits than any city except for New York City. The Port of Houston ranks first in the United States in international waterborne tonnage handled, the city has a population from various ethnic and religious backgrounds and a large and growing international community. Houston is the most diverse city in Texas and has described as the most diverse in the United States. It is home to cultural institutions and exhibits, which attract more than 7 million visitors a year to the Museum District. Houston has a visual and performing arts scene in the Theater District. In August 1836, two real estate entrepreneurs from New York, Augustus Chapman Allen and John Kirby Allen, purchased 6,642 acres of land along Buffalo Bayou with the intent of founding a city. The Allen brothers decided to name the city after Sam Houston, the general at the Battle of San Jacinto. The great majority of slaves in Texas came with their owners from the slave states. Sizable numbers, however, came through the slave trade. New Orleans was the center of trade in the Deep South. Thousands of enslaved African Americans lived near the city before the Civil War, many of them near the city worked on sugar and cotton plantations, while most of those in the city limits had domestic and artisan jobs. Houston was granted incorporation on June 5,1837, with James S. Holman becoming its first mayor, in the same year, Houston became the county seat of Harrisburg County and the temporary capital of the Republic of Texas
5.
Texas
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Texas is the second largest state in the United States by both area and population. Other major cities include Austin, the second most populous state capital in the U. S. Texas is nicknamed the Lone Star State to signify its former status as an independent republic, and as a reminder of the states struggle for independence from Mexico. The Lone Star can be found on the Texan state flag, the origin of Texass name is from the word Tejas, which means friends in the Caddo language. Due to its size and geologic features such as the Balcones Fault, although Texas is popularly associated with the U. S. southwestern deserts, less than 10 percent of Texas land area is desert. Most of the centers are located in areas of former prairies, grasslands, forests. Traveling from east to west, one can observe terrain that ranges from coastal swamps and piney woods, to rolling plains and rugged hills, the term six flags over Texas refers to several nations that have ruled over the territory. Spain was the first European country to claim the area of Texas, Mexico controlled the territory until 1836 when Texas won its independence, becoming an independent Republic. In 1845, Texas joined the United States as the 28th state, the states annexation set off a chain of events that caused the Mexican–American War in 1846. A slave state before the American Civil War, Texas declared its secession from the U. S. in early 1861, after the Civil War and the restoration of its representation in the federal government, Texas entered a long period of economic stagnation. One Texan industry that thrived after the Civil War was cattle, due to its long history as a center of the industry, Texas is associated with the image of the cowboy. The states economic fortunes changed in the early 20th century, when oil discoveries initiated a boom in the state. With strong investments in universities, Texas developed a diversified economy, as of 2010 it shares the top of the list of the most Fortune 500 companies with California at 57. With a growing base of industry, the leads in many industries, including agriculture, petrochemicals, energy, computers and electronics, aerospace. Texas has led the nation in export revenue since 2002 and has the second-highest gross state product. The name Texas, based on the Caddo word tejas meaning friends or allies, was applied by the Spanish to the Caddo themselves, during Spanish colonial rule, the area was officially known as the Nuevo Reino de Filipinas, La Provincia de Texas. Texas is the second largest U. S. state, behind Alaska, though 10 percent larger than France and almost twice as large as Germany or Japan, it ranks only 27th worldwide amongst country subdivisions by size. If it were an independent country, Texas would be the 40th largest behind Chile, Texas is in the south central part of the United States of America. Three of its borders are defined by rivers, the Rio Grande forms a natural border with the Mexican states of Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo León, and Tamaulipas to the south
6.
Edger
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Spade based, roller based, and adaptable string trimmer designs may all be known as stick trimmers. The simplest lawn edger is the spade, used as a vertical cutting blade. Purpose designed manual spade based lawn edgers are a half moon shaped, semicircular, broad blade attached to a handle and are used in a downwards. The blade may have a top to allow the operator to step on the blade to apply more force. The blade is driven through the lawn and into the lawn substrate parallel to and adjacent to the hard boundary feature bordering the lawn and this type of lawn edger is also known as an edging iron. There are two types of roller based manual lawn edgers. Both are driven by pushing a wheel along a hard surface adjacent to the lawn edge. One type causes a solid steel cutting disc to cut the edge of the lawn, the other type causes two star spoked discs to rotate against each other shear cutting the edge of the lawn. Powering motorised lawn edgers can be either by battery or mains electricity, some string trimmers are designed so that they can be easily maneuvered with their head being positioned vertically instead of the default horizontal. Other string trimmers come with specific lawn edging attachments, or the one head can be pivoted to be realigned vertically, Lawn edging with a string trimmer will often be done with a blade fitted to the head rather than chord. Purpose designed lawn edgers are single purpose machines for longer lawn edging distances, single wheel designs are lighter and more maneuverable than multi wheel deigns which are built for heavy duty work. Some designs allow the angle at which the chord or blade or blades strike the lawn edge to be adjusted. The gasoline lawn edger was invented by Louis Faas Sr. of King o Lawn Inc in the 1940s, the first gasoline edgers used a Briggs & Stratton 1.5 horsepower engine
7.
Centrifugal force
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In Newtonian mechanics, the centrifugal force is an inertial force directed away from the axis of rotation that appears to act on all objects when viewed in a rotating reference frame. When they are analyzed in a coordinate system. The term has also been used for the force that is a reaction to a centripetal force. The centrifugal force is an outward force apparent in a reference frame. All measurements of position and velocity must be relative to some frame of reference. An inertial frame of reference is one that is not accelerating, the use of an inertial frame of reference, which will be the case for all elementary calculations, is often not explicitly stated but may generally be assumed unless stated otherwise. In terms of a frame of reference, the centrifugal force does not exist. All calculations can be performed using only Newtons laws of motion, in its current usage the term centrifugal force has no meaning in an inertial frame. In an inertial frame, an object that has no acting on it travels in a straight line. When measurements are made with respect to a reference frame, however. If it is desired to apply Newtons laws in the frame, it is necessary to introduce new, fictitious. Consider a stone being whirled round on a string, in a horizontal plane, the only real force acting on the stone in the horizontal plane is the tension in the string. There are no forces acting on the stone so there is a net force on the stone in the horizontal plane. In an inertial frame of reference, were it not for this net force acting on the stone, in order to keep the stone moving in a circular path, this force, known as the centripetal force, must be continuously applied to the stone. As soon as it is removed the stone moves in a straight line, in this inertial frame, the concept of centrifugal force is not required as all motion can be properly described using only real forces and Newtons laws of motion. In a frame of reference rotating with the stone around the axis as the stone. However, the tension in the string is still acting on the stone, if Newtons laws were applied in their usual form, the stone would accelerate in the direction of the net applied force, towards the axis of rotation, which it does not do. With this new the net force on the stone is zero, with the addition of this extra inertial or fictitious force Newtons laws can be applied in the rotating frame as if it were an inertial frame
8.
Internal combustion engine
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An internal combustion engine is a heat engine where the combustion of a fuel occurs with an oxidizer in a combustion chamber that is an integral part of the working fluid flow circuit. In an internal combustion engine the expansion of the high-temperature and high-pressure gases produced by combustion applies direct force to some component of the engine, the force is applied typically to pistons, turbine blades, rotor or a nozzle. This force moves the component over a distance, transforming chemical energy into mechanical energy. The first commercially successful internal combustion engine was created by Étienne Lenoir around 1859, firearms are also a form of internal combustion engine. Working fluids can be air, hot water, pressurized water or even liquid sodium, ICEs are usually powered by energy-dense fuels such as gasoline or diesel, liquids derived from fossil fuels. While there are many applications, most ICEs are used in mobile applications and are the dominant power supply for vehicles such as cars, aircraft. Typically an ICE is fed with fossil fuels like natural gas or petroleum products such as gasoline, there is a growing usage of renewable fuels like biodiesel for compression ignition engines and bioethanol or methanol for spark ignition engines. Hydrogen is sometimes used, and can be made from fossil fuels or renewable energy. Various scientists and engineers contributed to the development of internal combustion engines, in 1791, John Barber developed a turbine. In 1794 Thomas Mead patented a gas engine, also in 1794 Robert Street patented an internal combustion engine, which was also the first to use liquid fuel, and built an engine around that time. In 1798, John Stevens built the first American internal combustion engine, in 1807, Swiss engineer François Isaac de Rivaz built an internal combustion engine ignited by electric spark. In 1823, Samuel Brown patented the first internal combustion engine to be applied industrially, in 1860, Belgian Jean Joseph Etienne Lenoir produced a gas-fired internal combustion engine. In 1864, Nikolaus Otto patented the first atmospheric gas engine, in 1872, American George Brayton invented the first commercial liquid-fuelled internal combustion engine. In 1876, Nikolaus Otto, working with Gottlieb Daimler and Wilhelm Maybach, patented the compressed charge, in 1879, Karl Benz patented a reliable two-stroke gas engine. In 1892, Rudolf Diesel developed the first compressed charge, compression ignition engine, in 1926, Robert Goddard launched the first liquid-fueled rocket. In 1939, the Heinkel He 178 became the worlds first jet aircraft, at one time, the word engine meant any piece of machinery — a sense that persists in expressions such as siege engine. A motor is any machine that produces mechanical power, traditionally, electric motors are not referred to as Engines, however, combustion engines are often referred to as motors. In boating an internal combustion engine that is installed in the hull is referred to as an engine, reciprocating piston engines are by far the most common power source for land and water vehicles, including automobiles, motorcycles, ships and to a lesser extent, locomotives
9.
Hydraulic motor
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A hydraulic motor is a mechanical actuator that converts hydraulic pressure and flow into torque and angular displacement. The hydraulic motor is the counterpart of the hydraulic cylinder. However, most hydraulic pumps cannot be used as hydraulic motors because they cannot be backdriven, also, a hydraulic motor is usually designed for working pressure at both sides of the motor. Hydraulic pumps, motors, and cylinders can be combined into hydraulic drive systems, one or more hydraulic pumps, coupled to one or more hydraulic motors, constitute a hydraulic transmission. One of the first rotary hydraulic motors to be developed was that constructed by William Armstrong for his Swing Bridge over the River Tyne, two motors were provided, for reliability. Each one was a three-cylinder single-acting oscillating engine, Armstrong developed a wide range of hydraulic motors, linear and rotary, that were used for a wide range of industrial and civil engineering tasks, particularly for docks and moving bridges. The first simple fixed-stroke hydraulic motors had the disadvantage that they used the volume of water whatever the load. Unlike steam engines, as water is incompressible, they could not be throttled or their valve cut-off controlled, to overcome this, motors with variable stroke were developed. Adjusting the stroke, rather than controlling admission valves, now controlled the power and water consumption. One of the first of these was Arthur Riggs patent engine of 1886 and this used a double eccentric mechanism, as used on variable stroke power presses, to control the stroke length of a three cylinder radial engine. Later, the engine with an adjustable swashplate angle would become a popular way to make variable stroke hydraulic motors. For an explanation of plunger and piston, see hydraulic cylinder Many designs are possible, the following types of hydraulic motors are available, Gear and vane motors are used in simple rotating systems. Their benefits include low initial cost and high rpm, a gear motor consists of two gears, the driven gear and the idler gear. High pressure oil is ported into one side of the gears, the gears then mesh, not allowing the oil from the outlet side to flow back to the inlet side. An especially positive attribute of the motor is that catastrophic breakdown is less common than in most other types of hydraulic motors. This is because the gears gradually wear down the housing and/or main bushings, reducing the efficiency of the motor gradually until it is all. This often happens long before wear causes the unit to seize or break down, a vane motor consists of a housing with an eccentric bore, in which runs a rotor with vanes in it that slide in and out. The force differential created by the force of the pressurized fluid on the vanes causes the rotor to spin in one direction
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