The structural history of the Roman military concerns the major transformations in the organization and constitution of ancient Rome's armed forces, "the most effective and long-lived military institu
Ancient Greek sculpture of a hoplite (c. 5th century BC, Archæological Museum of Sparti), on which Rome's first class of infantry was based.
Altar of Domitius Ahenobarbus, c. 122 BC; the altar shows two Roman infantrymen equipped with long scuta and a cavalryman with his horse. All are shown wearing chain mail armour.
Bust said to be of Marius, instigator of the so-called "Marian reforms"
Relief of a Roman legionary out of battle dress, c. AD 100 (Neues Museum, Berlin)
Roman legion
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The Roman legion was the largest military unit of the Roman army, composed of Roman citizens serving as legionaries. During the Roman Republic the manipular legion comprised 4,200 infantry and 300 cav
Depiction of Roman legionnaires
A historical reenactor in Roman centurion costume
Reenacters portraying Roman legionaries of Legio XV Apollinaris