In various European countries, student caps of different types are, or have been, worn either as a marker of a common identity, as is the case in the Nordic countries, or to identify the wearer as a m
A collection of various models in 1943 (from left to right: Danish, Norwegian and Swedish).
A penne from the Université libre de Bruxelles
A French student wearing a faluche
The Danish black model, used in the late 19th century
The square academic cap, graduate cap, cap, mortarboard, or Oxford cap is an item of academic dress consisting of a horizontal square board fixed upon a skull-cap, with a tassel attached to the center
Student cap
…List of hat styles Square academic cap, similar object in Anglosaxon countries, used both by students and graduates Doctoral hat, hat used in Nordic countries by holders of a doctorate…
Graduation portrait of Linus Pauling wearing a mortarboard (Oregon State University, 1922)
Georgiana Simpson in 1921, wearing a mortarboard and academic dress for her graduation from the University of Chicago
Andrea Mantegna: Ludovico III Gonzaga (detail from the frescoes of the Camera degli Sposi, 1465–74)
Two British mortarboards; left one is a folding-skull and the right one is a rigid-skull.