1.
Warner Music Group
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Warner Music Group is an American multinational entertainment and record label conglomerate headquartered in New York City. With a multibillion-dollar annual turnover, WMG employs in excess of 3,500 people and has operations in more than 50 countries throughout the world, the company owns and operates some of the largest and most successful record labels in the world, including its flagship labels Warner Bros. WMG also owns Warner/Chappell Music, one of the worlds largest music publishers, the film company had no record label division at the time and one of its contracted actors, Tab Hunter, scored a hit song for Dot Records, which was a division of rival Paramount Pictures. In order to prevent any repetition of its actors recording for rival companies, in 1963, Warner purchased Reprise Records, which had been founded by Frank Sinatra three years earlier so that he could have more creative control over his recordings. With the Reprise acquisition, Warner gained the services of Mo Ostin, the Canadian unit was opened in 1967 as Warner Reprise Canada Ltd, now called Warner Music Canada Co. After Warner Bros. was sold to Seven Arts Productions in 1967, it purchased Atlantic Records, founded in 1947 and WMGs oldest label and this acquisition brought Neil Young into the company fold, initially as a member of Buffalo Springfield. The Geffen catalogue, now owned by Universal Music Group, represents Youngs only major recordings not under WMG ownership, in 1969, two years after being purchased by Seven Arts, the Warner Bros. -Seven Arts company was sold to the Kinney National Company. Kinney combined the operations of all of its labels. An earlier attempt by Warner Bros. Records to create a distribution arm in 1958 didnt materialize. So in 1969, Elektra Records boss Jac Holzman approached Atlantics Jerry Wexler with the idea of setting up a joint distribution network for Warner, Elektra, an experimental branch was established in Southern California as a possible prototype for an expanded operation. Atlantic, its subsidiary Atco Records, and its affiliate Stax Records paved the way for Warners rise to industry prominence, the purchase brought in Atlantics lucrative back-catalogue, which included classic recordings by Ray Charles, the Drifters, the Coasters, and many more. But the sale led to Stax leaving the Atlantic fold because the new Warner owners insisted on keeping the rights to Stax recordings and it was soon apparent in 1969 that Atlantic/Atco president Ahmet Ertegün viewed Warner/Reprise president Mike Maitland as godlike. Maitland believed that, as vice-president in charge of the Warner Bros, in retrospect Ertegün clearly feared that Maitland would ultimately have more power than him and so he moved rapidly to secure his own position and remove Maitland. Following the takeover, Warners music group briefly adopted the umbrella name Kinney Music, erteguns campaign against Maitland began in earnest that summer. Atlantic had agreed to help Warner Bros. in its efforts to establish its labels overseas, Mike Maitland complained bitterly to Kinney executive Ted Ashley, but to no avail – by this time Ertegun was poised to make his move against Maitland. As he had with Hyman, Ertegun urged Steve Ross to extend Mo Ostin and Joe Smiths contracts, in response, Ertegun broadly hinted that Maitlands days were numbered and that he, Ertegun, was about to take over the recording division. Unlike the Warner/Reprise executives, Atlantics execs the Ertegun brothers and Wexler owned stock in Kinney, on Sunday January 25, Ted Ashley went to Maitlands house to tell him he had been dismissed, and Maitland declined the offer of a job at the movie studio. One week later, Mo Ostin was named as the new President of Warner Bros, Records, with Joe Smith as his Executive Vice-President
2.
Bruce Pavitt
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Bruce S. Pavitt is an American music historian, critic, DJ, speaker, author, founder of Sub Pop, and co-founder and current Creative Director of 8Stem. He is most famous for helping cultivate the Grunge music phenomenon in the early 1990s, Pavitt was born in Chicago, and grew up in suburban Park Forest, Illinois, the second of six kids to Robert and Ruth Pavitt. He became interested in music at an age and showed early signs of being a music entrepreneur. At age 9, he sold Christmas cards door-to-door in the heat to earn money for a record player. Soon after, he bought his first record, The Beatles, seeing an opportunity, Pavitt continued to work odd jobs and used his earnings to buy records that he would later re-sell at school. His interest in music deepened in 1977 when he discovered Devo, then an obscure punk band from the city of Akron. Around this time, he picked up a local fanzine called CLE. This epiphany lead to a pursuit of independently produced bands, artists. “A lightbulb went off in my head, small towns and cities were capable of creating great art, from the summer of 1977 onward, I started to hunt for regional independent records. ”Pavitt spent time at Wax Trax. Records in Chicago and read the Village Voice at the local library and he also made a fateful friendship during this time, Kim Thayil was a neighbor, and later played in a band, Identity Crisis, with Pavitt’s younger brother, John. Pavitt attended Blackburn College in Illinois, during this time, his Mom, familiar with Pavitt’s indie music obsession, introduced him to Carl Schneider, a local school teacher who ran Cowboy Carl Records. Carl told Pavitt about a community radio station called KAOS in Olympia, Washington, managed by John Foster, KAOS was the only station in the country at that time to prioritize independently released music. Foster also published OP, a magazine focused on independent music. In the fall of 1979, Pavitt moved West to finish college at Evergreen, conveniently, Pavitt arrived just as DJ Calvin Johnson was moving to Washington DC. Pavitt immediately took over Johnson’s “rock” time slot and named his show, in 1980, Pavitt produced a ‘zine of the same name, the first to focus on independently released American rock records, region by region. The name was shortened to Sub Pop with issue #3 in 1981 and he later released three cassette compilations through the fanzine that included artists like, Jad Fair, The Boneman of Barumba, and The Oil Tasters, and featured cover art by Charles Burns. From Subterranean Pop #1, “Tomorrow’s pop is being realized today on small decentralized record labels. ”Pavitt gained distribution of his fanzine through a bold gamble. He packaged all 500 copies of Subterranean Pop #1 and sent them to Systematic, at the time and he decorated the box with catchy graphics, so it looked like an art piece
3.
Outside Music
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Outside Music is a Canadian record label and distributor, founded by Lloyd Nishimura in 1995. In 2007, it expanded to include an artist management division which counts Jill Barber, Matthew Barber, Aidan Knight, the Outside Music Label has released a variety of albums, the first being in 2001 with The Sadiess Tremendous Efforts. 2008 The Sadies were nominated for a Juno Award for Best Roots/Traditional Band for the album New Seasons,2009 Matthew Barber received Juno nomination for the record Ghost Notes in the Roots & Traditional Album Of the Year, Solo category. 2009 Jill Barbers Chances long listed for a Polaris Music Prize,2009 Jill Barber won two East Coast Music Awards for her album Chances, Jazz Recording of the Year and Female Solo Recording of the Year. 2009 Sebastien Grainger & The Mountains was nominated for Indie Video of the Year category at the Much Music Video Awards for Who Do We Care For,2010 Tinariwens album Imidiwan, Companions took the prize for best album in the 2010 Uncut Music Award. 2010 Tinariwen performed for the Vancouver 2010 Olympics at the Orpheum in Vancouver,2010 The Besnard Lakes nominated for the SOCAN ECHO Prize for songwriting. 2010 The Sadies appeared on the Junos telecast in a tribute to The Band alongside longtime collaborator,2011 The Sadiess album Darker Circles was nominated for Best Album and they took home the Folk/Roots Group of the Year award at the Canadian Music Fest Indies. Additionally Black Mountain was nominated in the Best Rock Album category for Wilderness Heart,2011 Matthew Barbers song Where the River Bends was used by Hockey Night in Canada in a video honouring the NHL players who had died in the summer. P. A. C. List of record labels Outside Music Label Outside Music Management Outside Music Distribution Canada Music Fund, Distribution In Canada
4.
Alternative rock
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Alternative rock is a genre of rock music that emerged from the independent music underground of the 1980s and became widely popular in the 1990s and 2000s. In this instance, the word refers to the genres distinction from mainstream rock music. The terms original meaning was broader, referring to a generation of musicians unified by their debt to either the musical style or simply the independent. Ethos of punk rock, which in the late 1970s laid the groundwork for alternative music, Alternative rock is a broad umbrella term consisting of music that differs greatly in terms of its sound, its social context, and its regional roots. Most of these subgenres had achieved minor mainstream notice and a few bands representing them, such as Hüsker Dü, with the breakthrough of Nirvana and the popularity of the grunge and Britpop movements in the 1990s, alternative rock entered the musical mainstream and many alternative bands became successful. By the end of the decade, alternative rocks mainstream prominence declined due to a number of events that caused grunge and Britpop to fade, emo attracted attention in the larger alternative rock world, and the term was applied to a variety of artists, including multi-platinum acts. Post-punk revival artists such as Modest Mouse and The Killers had commercial success in the early, before the term alternative rock came into common usage around 1990, the sort of music to which it refers was known by a variety of terms. In 1979, Terry Tolkin used the term Alternative Music to describe the groups he was writing about, in 1979 Dallas radio station KZEW had a late night new wave show entitled Rock and Roll Alternative. College rock was used in the United States to describe the music during the 1980s due to its links to the radio circuit. In the United Kingdom, dozens of small do it yourself record labels emerged as a result of the punk subculture, according to the founder of one of these labels, Cherry Red, NME and Sounds magazines published charts based on small record stores called Alternative Charts. The first national chart based on distribution called the Indie Chart was published in January 1980, at the time, the term indie was used literally to describe independently distributed records. By 1985, indie had come to mean a particular genre, or group of subgenres, at first the term referred to intentionally non–mainstream rock acts that were not influenced by heavy metal ballads, rarefied new wave and high-energy dance anthems. The use of alternative gained further exposure due to the success of Lollapalooza, for which festival founder, in the late 1990s, the definition again became more specific. Defining music as alternative is often difficult because of two conflicting applications of the word, the name alternative rock essentially serves as an umbrella term for underground music that has emerged in the wake of punk rock since the mid-1980s. Alternative bands during the 1980s generally played in clubs, recorded for indie labels. Sounds range from the gloomy soundscapes of gothic rock to the guitars of indie pop to the dirty guitars of grunge to the 1960s/1970s revivalism of Britpop. This approach to lyrics developed as a reflection of the social and economic strains in the United States and United Kingdom of the 1980s, by 1984, a majority of groups signed to independent record labels mined from a variety of rock and particularly 1960s rock influences. This represented a break from the futuristic, hyper-rational post-punk years
5.
Grunge
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Grunge is a subgenre of alternative rock and a subculture that emerged during the mid-1980s in the Pacific Northwest U. S. state of Washington, particularly in Seattle and nearby towns. The early grunge movement revolved around Seattles independent record label Sub Pop, the success of these bands boosted the popularity of alternative rock and made grunge the most popular form of rock music at the time. Grunge was also an influence on subsequent genres such as post-grunge, Grunge fuses elements of punk rock and heavy metal, such as the distorted electric guitar used in both genres, although some bands performed with more emphasis on one or the other. Like these genres, grunge typically uses electric guitar, bass guitar, a drummer, Grunge also incorporates influences from indie rock bands such as Sonic Youth. Lyrics are typically angst-filled and introspective, often addressing themes such as alienation, apathy, concerns about confinement. A number of factors contributed to decline in prominence. During the mid-late 1990s, many grunge bands broke up or became less visible, the word grunge was used in print in prior to the use of the term in mainstream publications to refer to the Seattle music genre. Rock has always been about it, Theres primal grunge. distortion. and fuzz. especially on the underground, a reference to distorted sounds in rock in a general sense. Mark Arm, the vocalist for the Seattle band Green River—and later Mudhoney—is generally credited as being the first to use the term grunge to describe the Seattle genre of music. Arm first used the term in 1981, when he wrote a letter under his given name Mark McLaughlin to the Seattle zine Desperate Times, criticizing his own band Mr. Epp and the Calculations as Pure grunge. Sub Pop called Green Rivers 1986 EP Dry as a Bone ultra-loose GRUNGE that destroyed the morals of a generation, Everett True states that when Arm stated that the streets of Seattle paved with grunge, he was using the term disparagingly. In this use of the word grunge, Arm was using it as an adjective, Arm said years later, Obviously, I didnt make grunge up. I got it from someone else, the term was already being thrown around in Australia in the mid-80s to describe bands like King Snake Roost, The Scientists, Salamander Jim, and Beasts of Bourbon. Arm used grunge as a descriptive rather than a genre term. When grunge first developed, music journalists called it rock, due to the genres focus on impossibly. Evergreen State was a college which did not use grading. Bands from Portland, Oregon, such as the Wipers, also influenced the genres pioneers. Some bands associated with the genre, such as Soundgarden, Pearl Jam and Alice in Chains, have not been receptive to the label, preferring instead to be referred to as rock and roll bands
6.
Heavy metal music
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Heavy metal is a genre of rock music that developed in the late 1960s and early 1970s, largely in the United Kingdom and the United States. Heavy metal lyrics and performance styles are associated with aggression. The first heavy metal such as Led Zeppelin, Black Sabbath. During the mid-1970s, Judas Priest helped spur the evolution by discarding much of its blues influence, Motörhead introduced a punk rock sensibility. Beginning in the late 1970s, bands in the new wave of British heavy metal such as Iron Maiden, before the end of the decade, heavy metal fans became known as metalheads or headbangers. During the 1980s, glam metal became popular with such as Mötley Crüe. Since the mid-1990s popular styles have further expanded the definition of the genre and these include groove metal and nu metal, the latter of which often incorporates elements of grunge and hip hop. Heavy metal is characterized by loud distorted guitars, emphatic rhythms, dense bass-and-drum sound. Metal subgenres variously emphasize, alter, or omit one or more of these attributes, the typical band lineup includes a drummer, a bassist, a rhythm guitarist, a lead guitarist, and a singer, who may or may not be an instrumentalist. Keyboard instruments are used to enhance the fullness of the sound. Deep Purples Jon Lord played an overdriven Hammond organ, in 1970, John Paul Jones used a Moog synthesizer on Led Zeppelin III, by the 1990s, in. almost every subgenre of heavy metal synthesizers were used. The electric guitar and the power that it projects through amplification has historically been the key element in heavy metal. The heavy metal guitar sound comes from a use of high volumes. Guitar solos are an element of the heavy metal code. That underscores the significance of the guitar to the genre, most heavy metal songs featur at least one guitar solo, which is a primary means through which the heavy metal performer expresses virtuosity. One exception is nu metal bands, which tend to omit guitar solos, with rhythm guitar parts, the heavy crunch sound in heavy metal. Palm muting the strings with the hand and using distortion. Palm muting creates a tighter, more sound and it emphasizes the low end
7.
Punk rock
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Punk rock is a rock music genre that developed in the early to mid-1970s in the United States, United Kingdom, and Australia. Rooted in 1960s garage rock and other forms of what is now known as proto-punk music, Punk bands typically produced short or fast-paced songs, with hard-edged melodies and singing styles, stripped-down instrumentation, and often political, anti-establishment lyrics. Punk embraces a DIY ethic, many bands self-produce recordings and distribute them through informal channels, the term punk was first used in relation to rock music by some American critics in the early 1970s, to describe garage bands and their devotees. The following year saw punk rock spreading around the world, for the most part, punk took root in local scenes that tended to reject association with the mainstream. An associated punk subculture emerged, expressing youthful rebellion and characterized by distinctive styles of clothing and adornment, by the beginning of the 1980s, faster, more aggressive styles such as hardcore and street punk had become the predominant mode of punk rock. Musicians identifying with or inspired by punk also pursued a range of other variations, giving rise to post-punk. At the end of the 20th century, punk rock had been adopted by the mainstream, as pop punk and punk bands such as Green Day. The first wave of rock was aggressively modern, distancing itself from the bombast. According to Ramones drummer Tommy Ramone, In its initial form, unfortunately, what happens is that people who could not hold a candle to the likes of Hendrix started noodling away. Soon you had endless solos that went nowhere, by 1973, I knew that what was needed was some pure, stripped down, no bullshit rock n roll. In critic Robert Christgaus description, It was also a subculture that rejected the political idealism. Technical accessibility and a DIY spirit are prized in punk rock, in the early days of punk rock, this ethic stood in marked contrast to what those in the scene regarded as the ostentatious musical effects and technological demands of many mainstream rock bands. Musical virtuosity was often looked on with suspicion, according to Holmstrom, punk rock was rock and roll by people who didnt have very many skills as musicians but still felt the need to express themselves through music. In December 1976, the English fanzine Sideburns published an illustration of three chords, captioned This is a chord, this is another, this is a third. The title of a 1980 single by the New York punk band Stimulators, inscribed a catchphrase for punks basic musical approach. The previous year, when the rock revolution began in Great Britain, was to be both a musical and a cultural Year Zero. As a Clash associate describes singer Joe Strummers outlook, Punk rock is meant to be our freedom, were meant to be able to do what we want to do. Scholar Daniel S. Traber argues that attaining authenticity in the identity can be difficult, as the punk scene matured, he observes
8.
Indie rock
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Indie rock is a genre of alternative rock that originated in the United States and the United Kingdom in the 1980s. Originally used to independent record labels, the term became associated with the music they produced and was initially used interchangeably with alternative rock. In the mid-1980s, the term began to be used to describe the music produced on punk and post-punk labels. Some prominent indie rock record labels were founded during the 1980s, during the 1990s, Grunge bands broke into the mainstream, and the term alternative lost its original counter-cultural meaning. The term indie rock became associated with the bands and genres that remained dedicated to their independent status, by the end of the 1990s indie rock developed subgenres and related styles including lo-fi, noise pop, emo, slowcore, post-rock and math rock. In the 2000s, changes in the industry and in music technology enabled a new wave of indie rock bands to achieve mainstream success. In the early 2000s, a new group of bands played a stripped-down. The commercial breakthrough from these scenes was led by four bands, The Strokes, The White Stripes, The Hives, emo also broke into mainstream culture in the early 2000s. By the end of the 2000s the proliferation of bands was being referred to as indie landfill. The term indie rock, which comes from independent, describes the small and relatively low-budget labels on which it is released, the influences and styles of the artists have been extremely diverse, including punk, psychedelia, post-punk and country. Allmusic identifies indie rock as including a number of varying musical approaches compatible with mainstream tastes, in fact, there is an everlasting list of genres and subgenres of indie rock. Many countries have developed a local indie scene, flourishing with bands with enough popularity to survive inside the respective country. However, there are still indie bands that start off locally, Indie rock has been identified as a reaction against the macho culture that developed in alternative rock in the aftermath of Nirvanas success. However, Cortney Harding pointed out that this sense of equality is not reflected in the number of women running indie labels. The BBC documentary Music for Misfits, The Story of Indie pinpoints the birth of indie as the 1977 self-publication of the Spiral Scratch EP by Manchester band Buzzcocks, Indie pop and indie were originally synonymous. In the mid-1980s, indie began to be used to describe the music produced on post-punk labels rather than the labels themselves. The indie rock scene in the US was prefigured by the rock that dominated college radio playlists. In the United States, the term was associated with the abrasive, distortion-heavy sounds of the Pixies, Hüsker Dü, Minutemen, Meat Puppets, Dinosaur Jr
9.
Seattle
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Seattle is a seaport city on the west coast of the United States and the seat of King County, Washington. With an estimated 684,451 residents as of 2015, Seattle is the largest city in both the state of Washington and the Pacific Northwest region of North America. In July 2013, it was the major city in the United States. The city is situated on an isthmus between Puget Sound and Lake Washington, about 100 miles south of the Canada–United States border, a major gateway for trade with Asia, Seattle is the fourth-largest port in North America in terms of container handling as of 2015. The Seattle area was inhabited by Native Americans for at least 4,000 years before the first permanent European settlers. Arthur A. Denny and his group of travelers, subsequently known as the Denny Party, arrived from Illinois via Portland, the settlement was moved to the eastern shore of Elliott Bay and named Seattle in 1852, after Chief Siahl of the local Duwamish and Suquamish tribes. Logging was Seattles first major industry, but by the late-19th century, growth after World War II was partially due to the local Boeing company, which established Seattle as a center for aircraft manufacturing. The Seattle area developed as a technology center beginning in the 1980s, in 1994, Internet retailer Amazon was founded in Seattle. The stream of new software, biotechnology, and Internet companies led to an economic revival, Seattle has a noteworthy musical history. From 1918 to 1951, nearly two dozen jazz nightclubs existed along Jackson Street, from the current Chinatown/International District, to the Central District, the jazz scene developed the early careers of Ray Charles, Quincy Jones, Ernestine Anderson, and others. Seattle is also the birthplace of rock musician Jimi Hendrix and the alternative rock subgenre grunge, archaeological excavations suggest that Native Americans have inhabited the Seattle area for at least 4,000 years. By the time the first European settlers arrived, the people occupied at least seventeen villages in the areas around Elliott Bay, the first European to visit the Seattle area was George Vancouver, in May 1792 during his 1791–95 expedition to chart the Pacific Northwest. In 1851, a party led by Luther Collins made a location on land at the mouth of the Duwamish River. Thirteen days later, members of the Collins Party on the way to their claim passed three scouts of the Denny Party, members of the Denny Party claimed land on Alki Point on September 28,1851. The rest of the Denny Party set sail from Portland, Oregon, after a difficult winter, most of the Denny Party relocated across Elliott Bay and claimed land a second time at the site of present-day Pioneer Square, naming this new settlement Duwamps. For the next few years, New York Alki and Duwamps competed for dominance, david Swinson Doc Maynard, one of the founders of Duwamps, was the primary advocate to name the settlement after Chief Sealth of the Duwamish and Suquamish tribes. The name Seattle appears on official Washington Territory papers dated May 23,1853, in 1855, nominal land settlements were established. On January 14,1865, the Legislature of Territorial Washington incorporated the Town of Seattle with a board of managing the city
10.
Washington (state)
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It was admitted to the Union as the 42nd state in 1889. Washington is sometimes referred to as Washington State or the State of Washington to distinguish it from Washington, Washington is the 18th largest state with an area of 71,362 square miles, and the 13th most populous state with over 7 million people. Washington is the second most populous state on the West Coast and in the Western United States, Mount Rainier, an active stratovolcano, is the states highest elevation at almost 14,411 feet and is the most topographically prominent mountain in the contiguous United States. Washington is a leading lumber producer and its rugged surface is rich in stands of Douglas fir, hemlock, ponderosa pine, white pine, spruce, larch, and cedar. Manufacturing industries in Washington include aircraft and missiles, shipbuilding and other equipment, lumber, food processing, metals and metal products, chemicals. Washington has over 1,000 dams, including the Grand Coulee Dam, built for a variety of purposes including irrigation, power, flood control, the Washington Territory was named after George Washington, the first President of the United States. The area was part of a region called the Columbia District after the Columbia River. The area was renamed Washington in order to avoid confusion with the District of Columbia, Washington is the only U. S. state named after a president. To distinguish it from the U. S. capital, which is named for George Washington, Washington is sometimes referred to as Washington State, or, in more formal contexts. Washingtonians and other residents of the Pacific Northwest refer to the state simply as Washington, calling the nations capital Washington, D. C. or, often, Washington is the northwestern-most state of the contiguous United States. Washington is bordered by Oregon to the south, with the Columbia River forming the western part, to the west of Washington lies the Pacific Ocean. The high mountains of the Cascade Range run north-south, bisecting the state, from the Cascade Mountains westward, Western Washington has a mostly marine west coast climate, with mild temperatures and wet winters, autumns and springs, and relatively dry summers. The Cascade Range contains several volcanoes, which reach altitudes significantly higher than the rest of the mountains, from the north to the south, these major volcanoes are Mount Baker, Glacier Peak, Mount Rainier, Mount St. Helens, and Mount Adams. Mount Rainier, the tallest mountain in the state, is 50 miles south of the city of Seattle and it is also covered with more glacial ice than any other peak in the contiguous 48 states. Western Washington also is home of the Olympic Mountains, far west on the Olympic Peninsula and these deep forests, such as the Hoh Rainforest, are among the only temperate rainforests in the continental United States. Eastern Washington – the part of the state east of the Cascades – has a dry climate. It includes large areas of steppe and a few truly arid deserts lying in the rain shadow of the Cascades. Farther east, the climate becomes less arid, with annual rainfall increasing as one goes east to 21.2 inches in Pullman, the Okanogan Highlands and the rugged Kettle River Range and Selkirk Mountains cover much of the northeastern quadrant of the state
11.
Nirvana (band)
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Nirvana was an American rock band formed by singer and guitarist Kurt Cobain and bassist Krist Novoselic in Aberdeen, Washington, in 1987. Nirvana went through a succession of drummers, the longest-lasting being Dave Grohl, despite releasing only three full-length studio albums in their seven-year career, Nirvana has come to be regarded as one of the most influential and important alternative bands in history. Though the band dissolved in 1994 after the suicide of Cobain, their music maintains a following and continues to influence modern rock. In the late 1980s, Nirvana established itself as part of the Seattle grunge scene, releasing its first album, Bleach and they developed a sound that relied on dynamic contrasts, often between quiet verses and loud, heavy choruses. After signing to major label DGC Records, Nirvana found unexpected success with Smells Like Teen Spirit, Nirvanas third studio album, In Utero, released to critical acclaim, featured an abrasive, less mainstream sound and challenged the groups audience. Nirvanas active career ended following the death of Cobain in 1994, but various posthumous releases have been issued since, overseen by Novoselic, Grohl, and Cobains widow Courtney Love. Since its debut, the band has sold over 25 million records in the United States alone, Nirvana was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2014, in its first year of eligibility. Cobain and Novoselic met while attending Aberdeen High, although they never connected, the pair eventually became friends while frequenting the practice space of the Melvins. Cobain wanted to form a band with Novoselic, but Novoselic did not respond for a period of time. In persuading Novoselic to form a band, Cobain gave him a tape of his project Fecal Matter. Three years after the two first met, Novoselic notified Cobain that he had listened to the Fecal Matter demo. The pair recruited Bob McFadden on drums, but after a month the project fell apart, in early 1987, Cobain and Novoselic recruited drummer Aaron Burckhard. The three practiced material from Cobains Fecal Matter tape but started writing new material soon after forming, during its initial months, the band went through a series of names, starting with Skid Row and including Pen Cap Chew, Bliss, and Ted Ed Fred. The group finally settled on Nirvana, which Cobain said was chosen because I wanted a name that was kind of beautiful or nice and pretty instead of a mean, raunchy punk name like the Angry Samoans. With Novoselic and Cobain having moved to Tacoma and Olympia, Washington, respectively, the pair instead practiced with Dale Crover of the Melvins, and Nirvana recorded its first demos in January 1988. In early 1988, Crover moved to San Francisco but recommended Dave Foster to the band as his replacement on drums, Cobain and Novoselic put an ad in Seattle music publication The Rocket seeking a replacement drummer, which only yielded unsatisfactory responses. Meanwhile, a friend introduced them to Chad Channing. Channing continued to jam with Cobain and Novoselic, although the drummer noted, They never actually said okay, youre in, Nirvana released its first single, a cover of Shocking Blues Love Buzz, in November 1988 on the Seattle independent record label Sub Pop
12.
Soundgarden
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Soundgarden is an American rock band formed in Seattle, Washington, in 1984 by singer and rhythm guitarist Chris Cornell, lead guitarist Kim Thayil, and bassist Hiro Yamamoto. Matt Cameron became the bands drummer in 1986, while bassist Ben Shepherd became a permanent replacement for Yamamoto in 1990. Soundgarden was one of the bands in the creation of grunge, a style of alternative rock that developed in Seattle. In 1997, the broke up due to internal strife over its creative direction. After more than a decade of working on projects and other bands, Soundgarden reunited in 2010 and their studio album. As of 2012, Soundgarden had sold more than 10.5 million records in the United States, vH1 ranked Soundgarden at number 14 in their special 100 Greatest Artists of Hard Rock. Soundgardens origins can be found in a band called The Shemps, which performed around Seattle in the early 1980s, following Yamamotos departure, the band recruited guitarist Kim Thayil as its new bassist. Soundgarden was formed in 1984 by Cornell, Yamamoto, and Thayil, Cornell originally played drums while singing, but in 1985 the band enlisted Scott Sundquist to allow Cornell to concentrate on vocals. The band traveled around playing various concerts with this line-up for about a year and their first recordings were three songs that appeared on the 1986 compilation album for C/Z Records called Deep Six. It also featured songs by fellow grunge pioneers Green River, Skin Yard, Malfunkshun, The U-Men, in 1986, Sundquist left the band to spend time with his family, and was replaced by Matt Cameron, the drummer from Skin Yard. KCMU DJ Jonathan Poneman was impressed after seeing Soundgarden perform one night, later saying, Poneman offered to fund a release by the band, so Thayil told him to team up with Bruce Pavitt. Poneman offered to contribute $20,000 in funding for Sub Pop, Soundgarden signed to Sub Pop, and the label released Hunted Down in 1987 as the bands first single. Through Sub Pop, the released the Screaming Life EP in 1987. A combination of the two was issued as Screaming Life/Fopp in 1990, though the band was being courted by major labels, in 1988 it signed to the independent label SST Records for its debut album, Ultramega OK, released on October 31,1988. Cornell said that the band made a mistake with Ultramega OK since they used a producer suggested by SST who didnt know what was happening in Seattle. On that album, Soundgarden demonstrates, according to Steve Huey of AllMusic, the bands first music video, Flower, was directed by Mark Miremont, and aired regularly on MTVs 120 Minutes. Soundgarden supported Ultramega OK with a tour in the United States in the spring of 1989 and a tour in Europe, Ultramega OK earned the band a Grammy Award nomination for Best Metal Performance in 1990. After touring in support of Ultramega OK the band signed with A&M Records, Thayil said, In the beginning, our fans came from the punk rock crowd
13.
Mudhoney
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Mudhoney is an American alternative rock band. Original bassist Matt Lukin left the band in 1999, mudhoneys early releases on the Sub Pop label, particularly their debut single Touch Me Im Sick and the Superfuzz Bigmuff EP, were massively influential on the Seattle music scene. More than almost any other release of the era they inspired the dirty, later on, Mudhoney also mixed heavy blues rock and punk rock into their sound at various stages. Although the band has little commercial success during its long career. Mudhoney started in Bellevue, Washington, a suburb of Seattle in 1980, while at Bellevue Christian High School, Mark McLaughlin and some friends started Mr. Epp and the Calculations, a band named after a math teacher of his. Mr. Epp and the Calculations played their first real show in 1981, to make the band seem more serious, Mr. Epp added a second guitarist Steve Turner, who was in a small garage band called The Ducky Boys. Mark Arm and Steve Turner became instant friends, Mr. Epp and the Calculations appeared on KZAM-AM radio and were introduced as the worst band in the world. They played their last show on February 3,1984 with Malfunkshun at Seattles Metropolis, Mark Arm and Steve Turner formed a joke-punk band called The Limp Richerds in 1984 near the end of Mr. Epp but this band ended shortly after Mr. Epps ending as well. Green River was formed in 1984 when Arm and Turner recruited Alex Vincent as drummer, bassist Jeff Ament joined the band after arriving in Seattle with his band Deranged Diction. Stone Gossard, another of Turners former bandmates, was recruited as second guitarist, green River recorded their debut EP, Come on Down, in 1985, and it is often regarded as the first true grunge record. Turner left the band after its due to his distaste of the bands hard rock leanings. He was replaced by another Deranged Diction member, Bruce Fairweather, after recording another EP and a full-length album, the band disbanded in late 1987. Gossard, Ament, and Fairweather went on to join Mother Love Bone, following lead singer Andrew Woods death, Gossard and Ament went on to form Pearl Jam, and Fairweather joined Love Battery. In January 1988, Arm reunited with Turner to form Mudhoney, Turner wanted to start a band that rehearsed before playing to a live audience. He and Arm began songwriting with Bundle of Hiss drummer Dan Peters, the trio decided that Matt Lukin, who had recently left Melvins, should join the band as bassist. They named themselves after the Russ Meyer film Mudhoney, in 1988, the band recorded and released their debut EP, Superfuzz Bigmuff, and their first single, Touch Me Im Sick, on the Sub Pop label. The single attracted attention and the band enjoyed success in the United States. Mudhoney quickly became Sub Pops flagship band, sonic Youth, who were fans of the band, had invited Mudhoney to join them for a tour in the UK in 1989
14.
Fleet Foxes
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Fleet Foxes is an American indie folk band formed in Seattle, Washington. Their first two albums were released by the Sub Pop and Bella Union record labels, with their third by Nonesuch, the band came to prominence in 2008 with the release of their second EP, Sun Giant, and their self-titled debut album. Both received much praise and reviewers often noted the bands use of refined lyrics. Fleet Foxes second studio album, Helplessness Blues, was released on 3 May 2011, Robin Pecknold and Skyler Skjelset both attended Lake Washington High School in Kirkland, a suburb of Seattle, and soon became close friends. Pecknold and Skjelset bonded over an appreciation of Bob Dylan and Neil Young. The two were interested in the achievements of Dylan and Brian Wilson and realized the importance of practicing music from a young age, Pecknold played bass for Seattles Dolour on a U. S. tour in 2005, shortly before forming the first incarnation of Fleet Foxes. Pecknold took up the role of songwriter, both singing and playing guitar, while Skjelset played lead guitar. Pecknolds late-sixties pop style caught the attention of the Seattle producer Phil Ek and he helped record their first demo in 2006. Ek was impressed with the songwriting, and on hearing Pecknold for the first time, noted. By late 2006 the Seattle press began to notice of the band, Tom Scanlon of the Seattle Times stated that he was impressed with the bands lyrics. With growing popularity on the circuit, the band set about making their first album in early 2007. Fleet Foxes were becoming popular and by late 2007, they had attracted over a quarter of a million song plays over two months on their Myspace site. According to Sub Pops A&R, Sue Busch, at the time of signing the band was still a relatively primitive set-up, Robins sister Aja Pecknold then assumed the role of band manager. The bands frontman, Robin Pecknold, attributes much of their success, the band tracked their second EP, Sun Giant, at Bear Creek Studio and performed overdubs and mixed at Seattles Avast. Recording Co. around the time in preparation for upcoming tours. Fleet Foxes began their tour with another Northwest band Blitzen Trapper on 28 February 2008. The bands performances, first at the SXSW festival in March 2008, Festival in May 2008, moved the band into the public consciousness, notably attracting attention from the European press for the first time. Sun Giant was released internationally on 8 April 2008 and the brand of folk, rock and pop
15.
Foals (band)
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Since the bands formation, their line-up has remained constant, except for the departure of former lead singer Andrew Mears. They are currently signed to Warner Bros, records, and have released four studio albums, Antidotes, Total Life Forever, Holy Fire, What Went Down, one video album, six extended plays and nineteen singles. The band have toured internationally and have featured on Glastonbury, Coachella and Roskilde festivals. The band have won a number of awards, including best live act at the 2013 Q Awards while producers Alan Moulder, the lead singer of the band Youthmovies, Andrew Mears, originally formed the band Foals. He was present on the bands debut 7 single, Try This on Your Piano/Look at My Furrows of Worry, jack Bevan, Lina Simon and Yannis Philippakis were originally in cult math rock band The Edmund Fitzgerald. The group disbanded, claiming that things had become too serious, walter Gervers and Jimmy Smith were part of a small Oxford band called Face Meets Grill. They met at and formed the band members of Abingdon School. They played gigs in and around Oxford, and recorded an EP in Hull, after playing Truck Festival in 2004 they separated to follow different paths and careers. In early 2007, the released the limited edition 7 singles Hummer and Mathletics. Hummer later featured on the Channel Four teen drama Skins, in the summer of 2007, Foals began working on their debut album in New York. It was produced by Dave Sitek of TV on the Radio, however, the band decided to mix the album themselves, stating that Sitek made the first master copy of the album sound like it was recorded in the Grand Canyon. Philippakis has stated a number of times that Foals and Dave Sitek are on good terms, Foals released their debut album, titled Antidotes, on 24 March 2008 in the UK and on 8 April 2008 in the US. The album was a success in the UK, debuting at number 3 on the UK Albums Charts. The album was a success in other countries, charting in Japan, France. Non-UK versions of the include the early Parton-produced singles. In August 2009, Foals started recording their album at Svenska Grammofon Studion in Gothenburg. The album, Total Life Forever, has described by the band members as sounding like tropical prog. The band have described the album as being a lot less funk than they had originally planned, the album was produced by Luke Smith, formerly of Clor
16.
Beach House
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Beach House is an American dream pop band from Baltimore, Maryland, formed in 2004. The band consists of French-born Victoria Legrand and Baltimore native Alex Scally, there were different plant-names, Wisteria, that kind of thing. But, once we stopped trying, it just came out, in an interview with Pitchfork Media, Legrand addressed their two member status, ts a way to challenge ourselves, What do you do when its just the two of you. Ne of the reasons this has been such an experience for me is that with two people, its so much easier to achieve things that feel exciting and new. The song Apple Orchard was featured on a Pitchfork Media MP3 mixtape in August 2006, in October 2006 the bands self-titled debut album, Beach House, was released through Carpark Records. That year, Pitchfork Media ranked it 16th on its Best Albums list, Beach Houses second album, Devotion, was released on February 26,2008. It was received with acclaim and was included in Pitchforks Best Albums of 2008 list. On October 21,2008, the released the single Used to Be. Beach House also recorded a cover of Queens Play the Game for the iTunes Store release of the Red Hot Organizations 2009 compilation, in 2009, Legrand provided backing vocals on the song Two Weeks by the indie rock band Grizzly Bear. She later collaborated with the band again by providing vocals to Slow Life, in October 2010, the band contributed a charity T-shirt for the Yellow Bird Project to raise money for the House of Ruth womens shelter in Maryland, US for victims of domestic violence. Teen Dream, the dynamic and intense third album, was released on Sub Pop on January 26,2010. The album was released in the UK by Bella Union and in Mexico by Arts & Crafts and it contains a newer version of their 2008 single Used to Be. Norway was made available as a download on the bands website on November 17,2009. The album was produced and engineered by Chris Coady, the albums unanimously positive reviews have garnered the band a larger fan base, with Jay-Z and Beyoncé being spotted at the bands shows. I would not want to say that 2010 will be our year, necessarily, I don’t want to be defined by this year, I want it to just be a beginning. The album was included in the book 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die. On March 7,2012 the band streamed a new song, Myth, the album Bloom was released on May 15,2012 via Sub Pop. A second song from the album, Lazuli, was released on April 13,2012, Beach House was featured on the cover of Issue #80 of the Fader
17.
The Postal Service
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The Postal Service was an American indie band from Seattle, Washington, formed in 2001. The band consisted of vocalist Ben Gibbard, producer Jimmy Tamborello, the band released their debut album, Give Up, in 2003 on Sub Pop Records, to mostly positive reviews. The album reached number 114 on the US Billboard 200 album chart, the Postal Service remained largely inactive from 2005 until 2013, when they reunited for a tour, and released a re-issue of Give Up to celebrate its tenth anniversary. Laura Burhenn joined the lineup throughout the tour to provide vocals and instruments. On August 3,2013, Gibbard announced that the band would disband permanently after the last show of their reunion tour. The group formed after Ben Gibbard contributed vocals for a song by Jimmy Tamborello called The Dream of Evan and Chan, the bands name was chosen due to the way in which it produced its songs. The bands debut album, Give Up, was released on February 18,2003, several songs on the album feature guest vocals from Lewis, as well as vocals from indie rock musician Jen Wood. Tamborello and Gibbards Death Cab for Cutie bandmate Chris Walla produced the album, with Walla also playing the guitar, Give Up received gold certification by the Recording Industry Association of America in March 2005, and later receiving platinum certification in October 2012. The album was Sub Pops most successful release after Nirvanas debut album, the album produced three singles, the most well-known single being Such Great Heights, which was released as Give Ups lead single. The song featured in advertisements for UPS, Kaiser Permanente, and M&Ms, a cover of the song by Iron and Wine was featured on the soundtrack for the 2004 film Garden State. It was also covered by Amanda Palmer, Ben Folds, The Scene Aesthetic, Brack Cantrell, Streetlight Manifesto, Confide. Confide would later release a video for their cover of Such Great Heights. The second single, The District Sleeps Alone Tonight, was featured in the soundtrack of the 2004 film D. E. B. S. The third and final single, We Will Become Silhouettes, was covered by The Shins, in August 2003, the United States Postal Service sent the band a cease and desist letter, citing the bands name as an infringement of its trademark on the phrase postal service. After negotiations, the USPS relented, allowing the use of the trademark in exchange for promotional efforts on behalf of the USPS. Additionally, at one point the USPS website sold the bands CDs, in 2007, Such Great Heights appeared in the background of the whiteboard advertising campaign for one of the federal establishments private competitors, the United Parcel Service. In January 2006, Josh Melnick and Xander Charity, who had produced the Such Great Heights music video, created a commercial for Apple Computer, while strikingly similar to the music video, the commercial did not contain imagery of the band or a recording of its music. We did not approve this commercialization and are disappointed with both parties that this was executed without our consultation or consent
18.
Flight of the Conchords
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Flight of the Conchords is a New Zealand-based comedy duo composed of Bret McKenzie and Jemaine Clement. The duos comedy and music became the basis of a BBC radio series, the duos live performances have gained them a worldwide cult following. McKenzie and Clement were flatmates at Victoria University of Wellington, where they were studying film, the band first performed on television over four nights on Newtown Salad, a show on Wellingtons short-lived local TV station Channel 7. The songs, in order, were Bowie, Ladies of the World, Petrov, Yelyena and Me and they performed at the Edinburgh Festival Fringe in 2002 and 2003, when they were nominated for the Perrier Award. They also performed at the Melbourne International Comedy Festival where they won the Best Newcomer Award and they then headlined at the opening weekend at Comix comedy club, where they recorded two tracks included on 2007s The Distant Future. They also performed at the South by Southwest Music Festival in Austin, while in Texas, they recorded a documentary titled Flight of the Conchords, A Texan Odyssey, which aired on New Zealands TV3 in late 2006. In June 2007, the band performed on the Late Show with David Letterman and were interviewed by Terry Gross on the NPR radio show Fresh Air and they appeared at the 2007 Bonnaroo Music Festival in Manchester, Tennessee. On 19 June 2007, they appeared as the guests on Late Night with Conan OBrien. In January 2008, the spoke and performed as part of Comcasts presentation at CES2008. On 10 February 2008, they were awarded the Grammy for best comedy album, on 13 February 2008, Flight of the Conchords had their first post-Grammy concert, a freebie show, at a small Wellington video store called Aro Video. On 24 April 2008, they gave a show at Amoeba Music in Hollywood. On 28 May 2008, they performed at the Google I/O conference in San Francisco and they performed on the Main Stage of the Sasquatch. Music Festival on Monday,26 May 2008 at The Gorge Amphitheatre in central Washington State, on 12 July 2008, they performed at Sub Pops 20th Anniversary Music Festival. The duo made a special guest appearance as the aliens in two episodes of The Drinky Crow Show on Cartoon Networks late-night television programming block Adult Swim. They also appeared on the season four finale of the Tim and Eric Awesome Show, Great Job. briefly replacing Tim and Eric during a high-stakes game of tennis. The duo guest-starred as a pair of camp counselors in Elementary School Musical, the premiere of the 22nd season of The Simpsons. On 23 August 2013, Flight of the Conchords co-headlined the Oddball & Curiosity Festival with Dave Chappelle, kicking off the tour in Austin, in 2004, the band created a radio series for BBC Radio 2. Largely improvised, the series was based on the search for commercial success in London
19.
Sleater-Kinney
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Sleater-Kinney is an American rock band that formed in Olympia, Washington, in 1994. The bands lineup features Corin Tucker, Carrie Brownstein, and Janet Weiss, Sleater-Kinney is a key part of the riot grrrl and indie rock scenes in the Pacific Northwest. The band is known for its feminist and left-leaning politics. The band released 7 studio albums between 1994 and 2005, Sleater-Kinney, Call the Doctor, Dig Me Out, The Hot Rock, All Hands on the Bad One, One Beat and they went on hiatus in 2006 and devoted themselves to solo projects. They reunited in 2014 and released No Cities to Love on January 20,2015, critics Greil Marcus and Robert Christgau have each praised Sleater-Kinney as one of the essential rock groups of the early 2000s. Marcus named Sleater-Kinney Americas best rock band in 2001, tom Breihan of Stereogum called them the greatest rock band of the past two decades in 2015. Sleater-Kinney was formed in early 1994 in Olympia, Washington, by Corin Tucker, the groups name is derived from Sleater Kinney Road, in Lacey, Washington, where signs for Interstate 5 exit number 108 announce its existence. One of the early practice spaces was near Sleater Kinney Road. Tucker was formerly in the riot grrrl band Heavens to Betsy. They often played at together and formed Sleater-Kinney as a side-project from their respective bands. When Heavens to Betsy and Excuse 17 disbanded, Sleater-Kinney became their primary focus, Janet Weiss of Quasi is the bands longest lasting and current drummer, though Sleater-Kinney has had other drummers, including Lora Macfarlane, Misty Farrell, and Toni Gogin. Upon Tuckers graduation from The Evergreen State College, she and then-girlfriend Brownstein took a trip to Australia in early 1994 and their last day there, they stayed up all night recording what would become their self-titled debut album. It was released the following spring and they followed this with Call the Doctor and Dig Me Out, and became critical darlings as a result. From Dig Me Out onwards, the drummer was Janet Weiss. Their next few albums pushed the band towards mainstream listeners, culminating in 2002s One Beat, the Woods was released in 2005, and was a departure from the sound of their previous albums. In its place, The Woods featured a denser, heavily distorted sound that drew on classic rock as its inspiration, in 2006 they helped to curate an edition of the British All Tomorrows Parties festival. On June 27,2006, the band announced an indefinite hiatus, sleater-Kinneys last major public show at this time was at the 2006 Lollapalooza music festival. The bands last appearance prior to the hiatus was at the Crystal Ballroom in Portland, No explanation for the hiatus was given
20.
Blitzen Trapper
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Blitzen Trapper is a Portland, Oregon-based experimental country/folk/rock band associated with Sub Pop Records, Vagrant Records and Lojinx. Formed in 2000, the band operates as a quintet, with Eric Earley, Erik Menteer, Brian Adrian Koch, Michael Van Pelt. Blitzen Trapper self-released its first three albums, Wild Mountain Nation was No.98 on Rolling Stones list of the 100 Best Songs of 2007. Blitzen Trapper released its album, Wild Mountain Nation, in 2007 to much critical acclaim from critics such as Pitchfork Media, The Nerve. The group signed to Sub Pop Records in the summer of 2007, the release of Furr in 2008 was a high-water mark for the group as their eclectic new songs received a two-page feature in Rolling Stone. The album was ranked No.13 on Rolling Stones Best Albums of 2008 while the track was ranked No.4 on the magazines Best Singles of 2008. The albums Destroyer of the Void and American Goldwing followed, to high acclaim. On October 1,2013, the band released VII, their first on Vagrant Records in the US and their newest studio album, All Across This Land, was released on October 2,2015. The band that would come to be known as Blitzen Trapper began life under the name Garmonbozia in the year 2000, the Portland, Oregon-based lineup consisted of songwriter/lead singer Eric Earley, Erik Menteer, Brian Adrian Koch, Michael Van Pelt, Drew Laughery, and Marty Marquis. Their first known recording as a band is untitled and incomplete, Oklahoma is a largely instrumental suite that nonetheless contains pop elements, while Something Blue is a trippier prog-rock piece incorporating sound samples, sound effects, and noise. The two approaches to these early songs hint toward later song structures throughout their pre-label albums, up to and including their breakthrough album. In 2001, the bands output exploded, as they self-recorded four albums with homemade artwork,1940, the first of the four, included an early version of Lover Leave Me Drowning, which would later appear on the Blitzen Trapper album Destroyer of the Void. Followed, again featuring prog elements and structures, the band incorporates three fantasias on the fairly straightforward pop-rock song Tallahassee subtitled Theme Variatours, for example. The bands final 2001 album, Omnibus and the Bakers Man, features the first known recording of Reno, the band also performed live full sets on radio stations KBOO and KPSU in 2001. Following the name change, the band released their first commercial album. A decade later, Earley recalled the process, I don’t remember much about making this first record. I guess I remember this Mexican dive bar we’d go to after sessions with GW who was engineering the record, we’d drink tequila and play pool and watch Blazers games. Drew took the shot down at the coast at some junk shop off the highway
21.
Josh Tillman
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Joshua Michael Josh Tillman, also known as J. Tillman or Father John Misty, is an American singer, songwriter, guitarist and drummer. He has also made contributions to albums by artists, including Beyoncé, Lady Gaga. Tillman grew up in an Evangelical Christian household in Rockville, Maryland, the oldest of four children, he has a brother and two sisters. His father was an engineer at Hewlett-Packard, before Tillman settled on a career as a musician, he briefly had ambitions of becoming a pastor because of the performance aspect when he was approximately six years old. He comments that his parents focused on the aspects of his upbringing. They were estranged for years, but have since resumed contact. After learning drums at an age, Tillman learned guitar when he was 12. Tillman was raised in a Baptist church and attended an Episcopal elementary school, Tillman said he was naive when he was growing up because there was almost no cultural influence and no secular music allowed. Around the age of 17, there were new stipulations from his parents – he was allowed to listen to music that had a spiritual theme. So his early purchases included albums like Bob Dylans Slow Train Coming as he was able to establish that Dylan was classified as a Christian artist, after attending Nyack College in New York for three years, Tillman moved to Seattle when he was 21. He found a job working at a bakery, which allowed him to record at night before his 4,30 am shift began. A demo he made eventually found its way to Seattle singer and songwriter Damien Jurado, a year later Tillman started opening for Jurado. At shows Tillman would distribute CD-R copies of songs that would become his album I Will Return. During the tour, he struck up a friendship with Eric Fisher. Both albums were released on Keep Recordings. Tillman and Jurado both later signed on for a U. S. tour with Richard Buckner. In 2006, the independent label Fargo Records released Tillmans first properly distributed solo album, Minor Works, in 2007, Yer Bird Records released his more elaborately arranged fourth album, Cancer and Delirium. After signing to independent record label Western Vinyl, Tillman released two albums in 2009, Vacilando Territory Blues and Year In The Kingdom, Tillman said he wrote the title track of Vacilando Territory Blues to describe imagery he associates with his move to Seattle
22.
The Shins
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The Shins are an American indie rock band from Albuquerque, New Mexico, formed in 1996. The bands current lineup consists of James Mercer, Jon Sortland, Mark Watrous, Casey Foubert, Yuuki Matthews, the band is based in Portland, Oregon. The band was formed by Mercer as a project to Flake Music. The band released two 7 singles and a full-length album When You Land Here Its Time to Return on Omnibus Records and were touring with Modest Mouse when they were signed to Sub Pop Records. The bands first two records, Oh, Inverted World and Chutes Too Narrow performed well commercially and received critical acclaim, the single New Slang brought the band mainstream attention when it was featured in the 2004 film Garden State. Consequently, the third album, Wincing the Night Away, was a major success for the group. Following this, the Shins signed to Columbia Records and Mercer parted ways with the original lineup. Following a near five-year hiatus, Port of Morrow, the fourth studio album, was released in 2012. Their fifth album, Heartworms, was released in March 2017, the Shins was formed in 1996 by James Mercer, a member of the band Flake Music in Albuquerque, New Mexico. Flake Music consisted of members guitarist/vocalist James Mercer, drummer Jesse Sandoval, keyboardist Martin Crandall, the group began in 1992 and released a string of singles and an album, When You Land Here, Its Time to Return, which was well received. The band toured with Modest Mouse and Califone, Mercer formed the Shins for a change of pace and enlisted Sandoval on drums. When asked what it was that began his interest in music and it got me out of my shell and gave me a social life. They began performing as a duo alongside Cibo Matto and the American Analog Set, Mercer became the bands primary songwriter, and consequently, the group developed a more focused, crafted sound than Flake Musics charming, if somewhat rambling, collaborative style. His focus on guitar playing still led friends to deem demos as too similar to Flake. Unlike Flake, Mercer was the sole lyricist, and songs were built from his initial structure. The group added Scared of Chakas Dave Hernandez and Ron Skrasek to complete their lineup, by 1999, Flake Music disbanded and Neal Langford joined the Shins. The Shins issued their first release — the 7 single Nature Bears a Vacuum — in 1998 via Omnibus Records, following the completion of their debut single release, When I Goose-Step, the Shins embarked on a tour with Modest Mouse. Mercer became a hermit crafting what would become the groups debut album, friends of the band, including Zeke Howard from Love As Laughter and Isaac Brock from Modest Mouse sent record labels cassette demos of the bands songs
23.
Fanzine
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A fanzine is a nonprofessional and nonofficial publication produced by fans of a particular cultural phenomenon for the pleasure of others who share their interest. The term was coined in an October 1940 science fiction fanzine by Russ Chauvenet, typically, publishers, editors and contributors of articles or illustrations to fanzines receive no financial compensation. Fanzines are traditionally circulated free of charge, or for a nominal cost to defray postage or production expenses, copies are often offered in exchange for similar publications, or for contributions of art, articles, or letters of comment, which are then published. The term fanzine is sometimes confused with fan magazine, but the term most often refers to commercially produced publications for fans. P. These publications were produced first on small tabletop printing presses, often by students, as professional printing technology progressed, so did the technology of fanzines. Early fanzines were hand-drafted or typed on a typewriter and printed using primitive reproduction techniques. Only a very small number of copies could be made at a time, the use of mimeograph machines enabled greater press runs, and the photocopier increased the speed and ease of publishing once more. Today, thanks to the advent of publishing and self-publication. When Hugo Gernsback published the first scientifiction magazine, Amazing Stories in 1926, by 1927 readers, often young adults, would write to each other, bypassing the magazine. Science fiction fanzines had their beginnings in Serious & Constructive correspondence, fans finding themselves writing the same letter to several correspondents sought to save themselves a lot of typing by duplicating their letters. Early efforts included simple carbon copies but that proved insufficient, the first science fiction fanzine, The Comet, was published in 1930 by the Science Correspondence Club in Chicago and edited by Raymond A. Palmer and Walter Dennis. The term fanzine was coined by Russ Chauvenet in the October 1940 edition of his fanzine Detours, fanzines were distinguished from prozines, that is, all professional magazines. Prior to that, the fan publications were known as fanmags or letterzines, Science fiction fanzines used a variety of printing methods. Typewriters, school dittos, church mimeos and multi-color letterpress or other mid-to-high level printing, some fans wanted their news spread, others reveled in the artistry and beauty of fine printing. The hectograph, introduced around 1876, was so named because it could produce up to a hundred copies, hecto used an aniline dye, transferred to a tray of gelatin, and paper would be placed on the gel, one sheet at a time, for transfer. Messy and smelly, the process could create vibrant colors for the few copies produced, the next small but significant technological step after hecto is the spirit duplicator, essentially the hectography process using a drum instead of the gelatin. Introduced by Ditto Corporation in 1923, these machines were known for the six decades as Ditto Machines and used by fans because they were cheap to use. The mimeograph machine, which forced ink through a wax paper stencil cut by the keys of a typewriter, was the standard for many decades, a second-hand mimeo could print hundreds of copies and print in color
24.
The Evergreen State College
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The Evergreen State College is an accredited public liberal arts college and a member of the Council of Public Liberal Arts Colleges, located in Olympia, Washington, USA. Founded in 1967, Evergreen was formed to be an experimental and non-traditional college, full-time students enroll in interdisciplinary academic programs instead of classes. Programs typically offer students the opportunity to study several disciplines in a coordinated manner, faculty write narrative evaluations of students work in place of issuing grades. Evergreen offers a Bachelor of Arts in Liberal Arts and Bachelor of Science, Master of Environmental Studies, Master of Public Administration, in 2012, there were 4,509 students,4,193 of whom were undergraduates, and 240 faculty members. This report spurred the 1965 Washington legislature to create the Temporary Advisory Council on Public Higher Education to study the need, on January 24,1968, The Evergreen State College was selected from 31 choices as the name of the new institution. On November 1,1968, Charles J. McCann assumed the first presidency of the college, McCann and the founding faculty held the first day of classes October 4,1971 with 1128 students. McCann served from 1968 until stepping down to join the faculty June 6,1977 when former Governor Daniel J. Evans, who signed the legislation creating Evergreen, assumed the presidency. Evans left the presidents office abruptly in 1983 when he was appointed to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy created by the death of Senator Henry M. Jackson, the largest building on campus is named in honor of Evans, the Daniel J. Evans Library Building. The entrance to the campus bears McCanns name, the Charles J. McCann plaza, in 2004, the college completed the 170, 000-square-foot Seminar II building, and a significant remodel of the Daniel J. Evans Library is now complete. In 1999, Mumia Abu-Jamal was invited to deliver the address by audiotape for the graduating class at the college. The entire campus comprises about 408 hectares, much of it forested land and this total includes 11 hectares of southern Puget Sound tidelands. In addition to the campus, there is also an organic farm as well as an urban campus located in Tacoma. According to U. S. News & World Reports 2009-2010 college rankings and it was ranked as the 5th best public college in the Masters West Category a region stretching from Texas to the Pacific. Author and former New York Times education editor Loren Pope cites Evergreen as one of two colleges in the United States in his book Colleges That Change Lives. In addition, The Princeton Review lists Evergreen as one of the Best Western Colleges for 2009-2010, Evergreen State teams, nicknamed athletically as the Geoducks, are part of the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics, primarily competing in the Cascade Collegiate Conference. Mens sports include basketball, cross country, soccer, crew, a geoduck is a clam native to the region. Former mens soccer star Joey Gjertsen, who led the Geoducks to the 2004 NAIA National quarterfinals, has gone on to have success with the San Jose Earthquakes of Major League Soccer. Shawn Medved previously had success in the MLS, playing for D. C, United and the San Jose Clash
25.
Olympia, Washington
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Olympia is the capital of the U. S. state of Washington and the county seat of Thurston County. It was incorporated on January 28,1859, the population was documented as 46,478 in the 2010 census. The city borders Lacey to the east and Tumwater to the south, Olympia is a major cultural center of the Puget Sound region. Olympia is located 60 miles southwest of Seattle, the largest city in the state of Washington, the site of Olympia has been home to Lushootseed-speaking peoples for thousands of years, including Squaxin, Nisqually, Puyallup, Chehalis, Suquamish, and Duwamish. The first recorded visit by Europeans was in 1792 when Peter Puget, in 1846, Edmund Sylvester and Levi Smith jointly claimed the land that now comprises downtown Olympia. In 1851, the U. S. Congress established the Customs District of Puget Sound for Washington Territory and its population steadily expanded from Oregon Trail immigrants. In 1850, the settled on the name Olympia, at the suggestion of local resident Colonel Isaac N. Ebey. The area began to be served by a fleet of steamboats known as the Puget Sound Mosquito Fleet. In 1896, Olympia became the home of the Olympia Brewing Company, the 1949 Olympia earthquake damaged many historic buildings beyond repair, and they were demolished. Parts of the city suffered damage from earthquakes in 1965 and 2001. In 1967, the legislature approved the creation of The Evergreen State College in Olympia. Since 1984, Olympia has also been home to the South Puget Sound Community College, Olympia has become a hub for artists and musicians, and has been named one of the best college towns in the nation for its vibrant downtown and access to outdoor activities. Olympia is located at 47°2′33″N 122°53′35″W, according to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 19.68 square miles, of which 17.82 sq mi is land and 1.86 sq mi is water. The city of Olympia is located at the end of Puget Sound on Budd Inlet. The Deschutes River estuary was dammed in 1951 to create Capitol Lake, much of the lower area of downtown Olympia sits on reclaimed land. The cities of Lacey and Tumwater border Olympia, the region surrounding Olympia has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate, whereas the local microclimate due to its dry summers and cool July and August overnight lows. It is part of USDA Hardiness zone 8a, with isolated pockets around Puget Sound falling under zone 8b, most of western Washingtons weather is brought in by weather systems that form near the Aleutian Islands in Alaska. It contains cold moist air, which brings western Washington cold rain, cloudiness, November through January are Olympias rainiest months
26.
The Rocket (newspaper)
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The Rocket was a free biweekly newspaper serving the Pacific Northwest region of the United States, published from 1979–2000. The newspapers chief purpose was to document local music and this focus distinguished it from other area weeklies such as the Seattle Weekly and the Willamette Week, which reported more on local news and politics. Originally solely a Seattle-based newspaper, a Portland, Oregon edition was introduced in 1991, in general, the two editions contained the same content, with some slight variations although occasionally they ran different cover stories. Bob McChesney, the founder and publisher, had been active as a salesman for the Seattle Sun. By April of the year, Ferrigno, Newman and McChesney raised enough money to produce the issues of The Rocket on their own. Ferrigno would edit the publication from 1979–1982, published on a monthly schedule, during that period The Rocket had articles about such bands as Patti Smith, The Blackouts, The Enemy, and The Jitters. By January 1982, the circulation had grown to 50,000 copies per month. The magazine managed to attract writers and cartoonists such as Jeff Christensen, Roberta Penn, Lynda Barry, John Keister, Wes Anderson, publisher McChesney continued to insist that “mainstream material” be given equal time. In 1983, Ferrigno quit the newspaper and Newman took over as editor, by the end of that year, McChesney had also left. The Rocket continued to new writing talent, including Daina Darzin, Craig Tomashoff, Ann Powers, Jim Emerson, Gillian G. Gaar, Grant Alden. Matt Groening provided some cover art during this period, bruce Pavitt began a monthly column called Sub Pop U. S. A. devoted to the independent and underground music scene in Seattle and other parts of the U. S. Cover stars included The Young Fresh Fellows, who at the time of their Rocket feature had only performed live a dozen or so times. At the end of 1984, the newspaper printed a list of the “10 Hottest Northwest Bands”, hosannah Choir, Girltalk, Ellipsis, Robert Cray Band, Metal Church, The Young Fresh Fellows, and The U-Men. In 1986, Charles R. Cross became the paper’s editor, in the mid-1980s, heavy metal music developed a strong following in the Pacific Northwest, and the paper had cover stories on such bands as Slayer, Wild Dogs, Queensrÿche, and Metal Church. Long before any other publication took notice of them, Soundgarden, in 1991, The Rocket introduced its Portland, Oregon edition, which generally simply mirrored the Seattle-version, with only the concert listing pages offering different contents. The following year, publication of the paper switched from monthly to bi-weekly frequency, in 1995, Cross sold the paper to BAM Media, a San Francisco-based company that published several music-related publications. BAM utilized the profitable Rocket “to float its other papers” for years, in August 2000, BAM shut down all of its floundering projects and sold The Rocket to Dave Roberts, the publisher of Illinois Entertainer. Roberts reduced the size of the office, purchased some new computers for the staff, paid for a few promotions, however, only a few weeks later “almost everyones paychecks bounced”, and Roberts abruptly advised the entire staff that the magazine was shutting down immediately
27.
Phonograph record
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The groove usually starts near the periphery and ends near the center of the disc. The phonograph disc record was the medium used for music reproduction until late in the 20th century. It had co-existed with the cylinder from the late 1880s. Records retained the largest market share even when new formats such as compact cassette were mass-marketed, by the late 1980s, digital media, in the form of the compact disc, had gained a larger market share, and the vinyl record left the mainstream in 1991. The phonograph record has made a resurgence in the early 21st century –9.2 million records were sold in the U. S. in 2014. Likewise, in the UK sales have increased five-fold from 2009 to 2014, as of 2017,48 record pressing facilities remain worldwide,18 in the United States and 30 in other countries. The increased popularity of vinyl has led to the investment in new, only two producers of lacquers remains, Apollo Masters in California, USA, and MDC in Japan. Vinyl records may be scratched or warped if stored incorrectly but if they are not exposed to heat or broken. The large cover are valued by collectors and artists for the space given for visual expression, in the 2000s, these tracings were first scanned by audio engineers and digitally converted into audible sound. Phonautograms of singing and speech made by Scott in 1860 were played back as sound for the first time in 2008, along with a tuning fork tone and unintelligible snippets recorded as early as 1857, these are the earliest known recordings of sound. In 1877, Thomas Edison invented the phonograph, unlike the phonautograph, it was capable of both recording and reproducing sound. Despite the similarity of name, there is no evidence that Edisons phonograph was based on Scotts phonautograph. Edison first tried recording sound on a paper tape, with the idea of creating a telephone repeater analogous to the telegraph repeater he had been working on. The tinfoil was wrapped around a metal cylinder and a sound-vibrated stylus indented the tinfoil while the cylinder was rotated. The recording could be played back immediately, Edison also invented variations of the phonograph that used tape and disc formats. A decade later, Edison developed a greatly improved phonograph that used a wax cylinder instead of a foil sheet. This proved to be both a better-sounding and far more useful and durable device, the wax phonograph cylinder created the recorded sound market at the end of the 1880s and dominated it through the early years of the 20th century. Berliners earliest discs, first marketed in 1889, but only in Europe, were 12.5 cm in diameter, both the records and the machine were adequate only for use as a toy or curiosity, due to the limited sound quality
28.
Sonic Youth
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Sonic Youth was an American rock band from New York City, formed in 1981. In their early career Sonic Youth were associated with the no wave art, the band is considered to be a pivotal influence on the alternative and indie rock movements. In 2011 Ranaldo announced that the band was ending for a following the separation of married couple Gordon. Thurston Moore updated and clarified the position in May 2014, Sonic Youth is on hiatus, the band is a democracy of sorts, and as long as Kim and I are working out our situation, the band can’t really function reasonably. Gordon refers several times in her 2015 autobiography Girl in a Band to the band having split up. Shortly after guitarist Thurston Moore moved to New York City in early 1977, he formed a group, Room Tone, with his roommates, after the breakup of the Coachmen, Moore began jamming with Stanton Miranda, whose band, CKM, featured Kim Gordon. Moore and Gordon formed a band, appearing under names like Male Bonding and Red Milk, the name came from combining the nickname of MC5s Fred Sonic Smith with Youth from reggae artist Big Youth. Gordon later recalled that as soon as Thurston came up with the name Sonic Youth, the band played Noise Fest in June 1981 at New Yorks White Columns gallery, where Lee Ranaldo was playing as a member of Glenn Brancas electric guitar ensemble. Their performance impressed Moore, who described them as the most ferocious guitar band that I had ever seen in my life, the new threesome played three songs at the festival later in the week without a drummer. Each band member took turns playing the drums, until they met drummer Richard Edson, Branca signed Sonic Youth as the first act on his record label Neutral Records. In December 1981 the group recorded five songs in a studio in New Yorks Radio City Music Hall, the material was released as the Sonic Youth that, while largely ignored, was sent to a few key members of the US press, who gave it uniformly favorable reviews. After their first release, Edson quit the group for a career and was replaced by Bob Bert. During their early days as part of the New York music scene, the bands came to share the same rehearsal space, and Sonic Youth embarked on its first tour, a two-week journey through the southern United States starting in November 1982, supporting Swans. During a second tour with Swans of the Midwest the following month, tensions ran high and Moore constantly criticized Berts drumming, Bert was fired afterwards and replaced by Jim Sclavunos, who played drums on the bands first studio album, 1983s Confusion Is Sex. Sonic Youth set up a tour of Europe for the summer of 1983. Sclavunos, however, quit after only a few months, the group asked Bert to rejoin, and he agreed, on the condition that he would not be fired again after the tours conclusion. Sonic Youth found themselves well received in Europe, but the New York press largely ignored the noise rock scene. After a substandard September concert in New York, another critic from The Village Voice panned it, Gordon wrote a scornful letter to the newspaper, criticizing it for not supporting its local music scene, to which Christgau responded by saying they are not obligated to support them
29.
Naked Raygun
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Naked Raygun is a Chicago-based punk rock/post-punk group. Initially active from 1980 to 1992, Naked Raygun had several short-lived reunions afterwards, the band was formed in 1980 by Santiago Durango, Marko Pezzati and later Jeff Pezzati. Singer Jeff Pezzati was the sole constant member through multiple personnel changes, Durango and Jeff Pezzati were also members of Big Black. In 1989, John Haggerty left Naked Raygun to form Pegboy with his younger brother Joe and Steve Saylors, Jeff Pezzati is also the lead singer of The Bomb, which is a different and later band than the San Francisco group, known as Bomb. A two-show reunion in 1997 produced the live album Free Shit, in 1999, the independent record label Quarterstick Records re-issued the bands back catalog on CD. In 2006 Naked Raygun reunited for Riot Fest, a punk rock festival held in Chicago. Following their 2006 reunion, Naked Raygun announced that the band was back for good, the reunited lineup consists of its Raygun. Naked Raygun members, Pezzati, Stephens, Kezdy, and Spicer. In 2009 Naked Raygun returned to the studio for the first time since 1997 for a series of 7 singles released on Riot Fest Records and announced plans to record an LP, the first since 1990s Raygun. In 2011, Pete Mittler of The Methadones joined the line-up so that longtime bassist Pierre Kezdy could convalesce from a stroke, Naked Raygun opened for the Foo Fighters at Wrigley Field, Chicago, on August 29,2015. Naked Raygun will put out a new album in 2016, nirvana drummer and Foo Fighters frontman Dave Grohl has frequently discussed seeing Naked Raygun as his first concert in 1982 at Chicagos Cubby Bear. During their October 17,2014 show at the Cubby Bear, Naked Raygun themselves later opened for Foo Fighters on select dates during the Sonic Highways World Tour
30.
Scratch Acid
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Scratch Acid was an Austin, Texas noise rock group formed in 1982. One of the pioneers of rock in the 1980s, the band is best remembered as a stepping stone for its front man, David Yow. Scratch Acid was launched in Austin, Texas in 1982, when they first began, their lineup was Steve Anderson, David Wm. Sims, Brett Bradford, David Yow, and Rey Washam. Anderson was kicked out of the band before they recorded an album, prompting Yow to move to vocals. The band returned to Rabid Cat for their album, Just Keep Eating. Eschewing pop sensibilities but instead pushing boundaries with noise, the band listed Sonic Youth, Big Black, the third and final release, Berserker EP by Touch and Go Records. A posthumous compilation CD entitled The Greatest Gift was released by Touch, the band was named by music journalist Will Lerner as the American equivalent of the Birthday Party. After developing a reputation as a crazy, noisy punk band, according to the liner notes of The Greatest Gift, the band members never received compensation from either Rabid Cat or Fundamental Records. Writing in Flipside magazine, Gary Davis emphasized the bands rawness, energy, and earnestness in a live setting. The band is unpretentious, fast and they present no gimmicks, glamor, or elaborate stage show. After all, thats already been done so many times before, Scratch Acid simply walk on stage in their street clothes and begin to play. The quality of their music stands on its own, Brett Bradford went on to form Colorado punk band Great Caesars Ghost, who disbanded in 1993. He also formed Sangre De Toro and played with Areola 51, Washam went on to perform with many other bands, including the Big Boys, Ministry, Helios Creed, the Didjits, Lard, and Tad. In 1987, Sims and Washam joined Steve Albini in the band Rapeman, which disbanded just before Sims reunited with Yow in 1989 to form the Jesus Lizard. All of the members of the band appeared at Emos nightclub in Austin on September 2,2006. They played their third and final show of the reunion at Seattles Showbox Theater on Saturday, September 16. The band reunited for their first UK show since 1987 for at the second British All Tomorrows Parties music festival March 9 through 11,2012, curated by Neutral Milk Hotels Jeff Mangum. David Wm. Sims also announced in his blog that the band play some dates in November and December in the US. On August 31, David Yow released the complete list of dates on his Facebook page
31.
Green River (band)
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Green River was an American rock band from Seattle, Washington. Green River reunited for live shows in 2008 and 2009. Green River was formed in early 1984 by vocalist/guitarist Mark Arm, guitarist Steve Turner, drummer Alex Vincent, guitarist Stone Gossard then joined the band to allow Arm to concentrate on singing. Prior to joining, each member had played with punk and hardcore groups, Arm and Turner had played together in both Mr Epp & The Calculations and the Limp Richerds. Turner had also performed with Vincent in Spluii Numa, and Gossard in The Ducky Boys, Ament had been asked to join after moving from Montana with his band Deranged Diction. The band took its name from the Green River Killer, a killer who was infamous in Washington state. By late 1984, the band was playing shows in and around Seattle, the band began production in December 1984 on its first record, Come on Down, which is cited by many as the first grunge record. By the time the finished the record in early 1985, Turner had left the group. He was replaced by former Deranged Diction guitarist Bruce Fairweather, in mid-1985, the band embarked on its first nationwide tour to promote Come on Down. Release of the record was delayed, however, thus negating the purpose of the tour, from all accounts the experience was less than positive, though it helped cement alliances with other emerging American indie rock bands. Among them was Sonic Youth, who quoted the song Come on Down on its own composition Nevermind. After the tour, Come on Down was finally released by the New York-based Homestead Records, the record was released to little fanfare, and did not sell well. However it is considered the first album to be released by a grunge band. In 1986, the continued to play in and around the Pacific Northwest to steadily larger crowds. Early in the year, the now legendary Deep Six compilation album was released on the local C/Z Records label, alongside two Green River songs, the compilation features the music of fellow Washington bands Soundgarden, Melvins, Malfunkshun, Skin Yard and the U-Men. Fennessy of Allmusic stated that the compilation documents a period in Northwest rock history. In June 1986, the band began production on its second EP, Dry as a Bone, Green River chose to record Dry as a Bone for Bruce Pavitts new label, Sub Pop. However, Pavitt couldnt afford to release it until the year, and, as had happened with Come on Down
32.
Dry As a Bone
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Dry as a Bone is the second EP by the American rock band Green River. It was released in July 1987 through Sub Pop Records, the EP features the bands first material with guitarist Bruce Fairweather, formerly of bassist Jeff Aments previous band, Deranged Diction. In June 1986, the band began production on its second EP with local producer Jack Endino at Reciprocal Recording in Seattle, Green River chose to record Dry as a Bone for Bruce Pavitts new label, Sub Pop Records. However, Pavitt couldnt afford to release it until the year, and, as had happened with Come on Down. Dry as a Bone was finally released through Sub Pop Records in July 1987 and it was the new labels first non-compilation release. Dry as a Bone was promoted by Sub Pop as ultra-loose GRUNGE that destroyed the morals of a generation, the albums cover art was photographed by Charles Peterson. The song Ozzie was done originally by Tales of Terror, steve Huey of Allmusic has called it Green Rivers strongest individual release. perfecting their sleazy, raucous fusion of 70s hard rock and post-hardcore punk. It was reissued in 1990 along with the album Rehab Doll as the Dry as a Bone/Rehab Doll compilation album, one of the bonus tracks from the reissue, Searchin was recorded during the Dry as a Bone sessions. All lyrics written by Mark Arm, all composed by Jeff Ament, Bruce Fairweather, Stone Gossard
33.
Extended play
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An extended play is a musical recording that contains more tracks than a single, but is usually unqualified as an album or LP. EPs generally do not contain as many tracks as albums, and are considered less expensive, an EP originally referred to specific types of vinyl records other than 78 rpm standard play and LP, but it is now applied to mid-length CDs and downloads as well. Ricardo Baca of The Denver Post said, EPs—originally extended-play single releases that are shorter than traditional albums—have long been popular with punk, in the United Kingdom, the Official Chart Company defines a boundary between EP and album classification at 25 minutes of length or four tracks. EPs were released in various sizes in different eras, the earliest multi-track records, issued around 1919 by Grey Gull Records, were vertically cut 78 rpm discs known as 2-in-1 records. These had finer than usual grooves, like Edison Disc Records, by 1949, when the 45 rpm single and 33 1⁄3 rpm LP were competing formats, seven-inch 45 rpm singles had a maximum playing time of only about four minutes per side. Partly as an attempt to compete with the LP introduced in 1948 by rival Columbia, RCA Victor introduced Extended Play 45s during 1952. Their narrower grooves, achieved by lowering the levels and sound compression optionally. These were usually 10-inch LPs split onto two seven-inch EPs or 12-inch LPs split onto three seven-inch EPs, either separately or together in gatefold covers. This practice became less common with the advent of triple-speed-available phonographs. Some classical music albums released at the beginning of the LP era were distributed as EP albums—notably the seven operas that Arturo Toscanini conducted on radio between 1944 and 1954. These opera EPs, originally broadcast on the NBC Radio network and manufactured by RCA, in the 1990s, they began appearing on compact discs. During the 1950s, RCA published several EP albums of Walt Disney movies and these usually featured the original casts of actors and actresses. Each album contained two seven-inch records, plus an illustrated booklet containing the text of the recording, so that children could follow along by reading. Some of the titles included Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, Pinocchio, and what was then a recent release, because of the popularity of 7 and other formats, SP records became less popular and the production of SPs in Japan was suspended in 1963. In the 1950s and 1960s, EPs were usually compilations of singles or album samplers and were played at 45 rpm on seven-inch discs. Record Retailer printed the first EP chart in 1960, the New Musical Express, Melody Maker, Disc and Music Echo and the Record Mirror continued to list EPs on their respective singles charts. The Beatles Twist and Shout outsold most singles for some weeks in 1963, when the BBC and Record Retailer commissioned the British Market Research Bureau to compile a chart it was restricted to singles and EPs disappeared from the listings. In the Philippines, seven-inch EPs marketed as mini-LPs were introduced in 1970, with tracks selected from an album and this mini-LP format also became popular in America in the early 1970s for promotional releases, and also for use in jukeboxes
34.
Screaming Life
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Screaming Life is the debut EP by the American rock band Soundgarden, released in October 1987 through Sub Pop Records. Screaming Life was later combined with the bands next EP, Fopp, the EP was recorded in 1987 in Seattle, Washington at Reciprocal Studios with producer Jack Endino, who also produced albums for Nirvana and Mudhoney. Drummer Matt Cameron described the sound on the EP as pretty raw, Hunted Down, Soundgardens first single, is representative of the early grunge sound—with its dirty guitar, dissonant atmosphere and lyrics concerning entrapment and escape. Nothing to Say features drop D tuning, which would become a signature of Soundgardens sound on later albums, guitarist Kim Thayil said he learned about the tuning from Buzz Osborne of the Melvins, when Osborne was telling him about Black Sabbath. That version was recorded with drummer Scott Sundquist, but the version on Screaming Life was recorded with Cameron. Some time prior to recording, Endino found old rolls of tape at a garage sale. Soundgarden frontman Chris Cornell had the idea to have the voice on Hand of God. The recording was synched with the machine, copied to an empty track. Cornell also added his own sarcastic preacher-style vocals, with the lines Let it be known today, according to Endino, the labels on the rolls of tape were near-illegible and thus the name of the preacher remains unknown. Cornell said that the EP was met with reviews and that everybody loved it. Hunted Down was Soundgardens first single and also the first song on Sub Pops hold music tape, according to Thayil, you would call them up, and when they put you on hold you heard Hunted Down. It was the single released from the EP. Nothing to Say was Soundgardens first B-side, released on the Hunted Down single, the song also appeared on the KCMU compilation tape, Bands That Will Make Money, which was distributed to record companies. Upon hearing the song, record labels began contacting the band, the EPs cover art, photographed by Charles Peterson, features a sepia-toned black-and-white photograph of Cornell singing and Thayil playing guitar in the background. The album cover was an attempt by Sub Pop to capitalize on Cornells image, the first 500 copies of the EP were pressed on transparent orange vinyl, after that, they were released on standard black vinyl. A second pressing was made, pressed by Erika Records. The title of the EP inspired the title of a book of photography by Peterson, named Screaming Life, published in 1995, it is composed mainly of live photos taken by Peterson from the mid-1980s though the mid-1990s. Many of Petersons photographs were used as artwork for grunge bands
35.
Touch Me I'm Sick
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Touch Me Im Sick is a song by the American alternative rock band Mudhoney. It was recorded in March 1988 at Seattles Reciprocal Recording studio with producer Jack Endino, Touch Me Im Sick was released as Mudhoneys debut single by independent record label Sub Pop on August 1,1988. The songs lyrics, which feature dark humor, are a take on issues such as disease. When it was first released, Touch Me Im Sick was a hit on the circuit, it remains the bands most recognizable song. According to Allmusic, the raw, primal energy made it an instant anthem which still stands as one of all-time classics. According to Mudhoney vocalist Mark Arm, Touch Me Im Sick originated from a discussion with Sub Pop owner Bruce Pavitt and you got a shtick, itll take you to the top. And he basically gave us five chords, but he said dont use more than three within one song, Arm also states that Touch Me Im Sick was a catchphrase around which the band built a song. Mudhoney recorded the song at Seattles Reciprocal Recording studio in March 1988, three months after the bands formation. Producer Jack Endino was surprised by how noisy the sessions were and how dirty the band wanted the guitars to sound, for the most part, I just sort of stood back, guitarist Steve Turner said that the band selected two of their grungiest songs for the single. Sweet Young Thing Aint Sweet No More was to be the A-side of the single and Touch Me Im Sick the B-side before, in drummer Dan Peterss words, that all got flipped around. Touch Me Im Sick has a garage punk structure with a simple repeating power chord riff played at a high tempo. This is accompanied by a blunt bass line and frenetic drumming, the songs dirty sound was produced using an Electro-Harmonix Big Muff distortion pedal, which is augmented by a second guitar providing more distortion. Music writer Brian J. Barr referred to this sound as the sonic equivalent of an amplified comb scraping against paper. Critics have noted a Stooges influence in Touch Me Im Sick, Turner said, In retrospect, its The Yardbirds Happenings Ten Years Time Ago by way of The Stooges Sick of You. At the time I was trying for the stuttering R&B guitar of The Nights, the song is also reminiscent of the hardcore punk of Black Flag. In his book Loser, The Real Seattle Music Story, Clark Humphrey accuses the song of being a copy of The Witch by The Sonics, the band have dismissed this claim, and questioned the writers knowledge of music. Arms lyrics, according to critic Steve Huey, are a rant about disease, self-loathing, angst, in an essay called Touch Me Im Sick, Contagion as Critique in Punk and Performance Art, Catherine J. Creswell suggests that some of the lyrics refer to AIDS. Creswell, who believes the song parodies the theme of seduction in contemporary rock music, points to lyrics that refer to impotence
36.
Motown
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Motown is an American record company. The record company was founded by Berry Gordy, Jr. as Tamla Records on January 12,1958, the name, a portmanteau of motor and town, has also become a nickname for Detroit. Motown played an important role in the integration of popular music as an African American-owned record label that achieved significant crossover success. In the 1960s, Motown and its subsidiary labels were the most successful proponents of what came to be known as the Motown Sound, a style of soul music with a distinct pop influence. During the 1960s, Motown achieved spectacular success for a record company,79 records in the Top Ten of the Billboard Hot 100 record chart between 1960 and 1969. The company was sold to MCA Inc. Motown was later sold to PolyGram in 1994, before being sold again to MCA Records successor, Universal Music Group, Motown spent much of the 2000s as a part of the Universal Music subsidiaries Universal Motown and Universal Motown Republic Group, and headquartered in New York City. From 2011 to 2014, Motown was a part of The Island Def Jam Music Group division of Universal Music. On April 1,2014, Universal Music Group announced the dissolution of Island Def Jam and it now operates out of the landmark Capitol Tower. For many decades, Motown was the highest-earning African American business in the United States, Berry Gordy got his start as a songwriter for local Detroit acts such as Jackie Wilson and the Matadors. Wilsons single Lonely Teardrops, written by Gordy, became a huge success and he realized that the more lucrative end of the business was in producing records and owning the publishing. In 1959, Billy Davis and Berry Gordys sisters Gwen and Anna started Anna Records, Davis and Gwen Gordy wanted Berry to be the company president, but Berry wanted to strike out on his own. On January 12,1959, he started Tamla Records, with a loan from his family. Gordy originally wanted to name the label Tammy Records, after the hit song popularized by Debbie Reynolds from the 1957 film Tammy, when he found the name was already in use, Berry decided on Tamla instead. Tamlas first release, in the Detroit area, was Marv Johnsons Come to Me in 1959 and its first hit was Barrett Strongs Money, which made it to number 2 on the Billboard R&B charts. Gordys first signed act was the Matadors, who changed their name to the Miracles. Their first release, Got a Job, was a record to the Silhouettes Get a Job. The Miracles first, minor hit was their single, 1959s Bad Girl, released in Detroit as the debut record on the Motown imprint
37.
SST Records
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SST Records is an American independent record label formed in 1978 in Long Beach, California by musician Greg Ginn. The company was formed in 1966 by Ginn at age 12, as Solid State Tuners. Ginn repurposed the company as a label to release material by his band Black Flag. Music writer Michael Azerrad wrote, Ginn took his label from a cash-strapped, cop-hassled store-front operation to easily the most influential and these labels presided over the shift from the hardcore punk that then dominated the American underground scene to the more diverse styles of alternative rock that were emerging. SST initially focused on releasing material by hardcore punk groups from Southern California, after a peak release schedule in the late 1980s, SST began venturing into jazz releases. SST is now based in Taylor, Texas, Sonic Youth, Soundgarden, Dinosaur Jr. and the Meat Puppets have reclaimed the rights to the SST material after leaving the label. Greg Ginn created Solid State Tuners at the age of 12, SST was a mail-order business that sold modified World War II surplus radio equipment. The business was small but thrived well into Ginns early adulthood, in 1976 Ginn formed the punk rock band Panic. Panic recorded eight songs in January 1978, but no labels were interested in releasing the music aside from Los Angeles, California record label Bomp. By late 1978 Bomp had still not formally agreed to release the music on record, SST Records released the music recorded by Ginns band as the Nervous Breakdown EP in January 1979. Many early Black Flag shows ended in violence, often involving the Los Angeles Police Department, as a result, the police tapped the labels phones and kept the SST office under surveillance. Ginn claims undercover police posing as homeless people sat close to SSTs front door, the band were unable to hire a lawyer because of a lack of money, Ginn later explained, I mean, we were thinking about skimping on our meals. … There was no place to go, by 1980, L. A. clubs had begun to ban hardcore punk shows, adding to SSTs troubles. SST issued the Minutemens debut EP Paranoid Time as its release in 1980. The songs were recorded and mixed in a night for $300. Minutemen bassist Mike Watt recalled, It was at that point we realized all you had to do was pay for the pressings, maybe it was from Gregs experience with ham radios, but he believed if you try, you can get things beyond your little group. Facing hostility towards hardcore punk, SST groups like Black Flag, Black Flag began traveling up the California coast to play Mabuhay Gardens in San Francisco, making seven trips in total. SST house record producer Spot went along as sound-man and tour manager, Ginn decided to release the first Black Flag album Damaged via a mainstream distributor
38.
Jack Endino
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Jack Endino is an American producer and musician based in Seattle, United States. Long associated with Seattle label Sub Pop and the movement, Endino worked on seminal albums from bands such as Mudhoney, Soundgarden. Endino was also the guitarist for the Seattle band Skin Yard which was active between 1985 and 1992, Endino has maintained a down-to-earth and humorous website since 1997, and currently manages a studio in Seattle called Soundhouse Recording. In 1985, Endino and Daniel House started the influential grunge band Skin Yard, though originally a drummer, Endino played guitar and Matt Cameron played drums until he left for Soundgarden. In 1986, Skin Yard contributed two songs to C/Z Records legendary grunge compilation Deep Six, the album did well in the underground, and after the success of 1991s Nevermind it went platinum. After Reciprocal Recording closed in July 1991, Endino continued as a producer and engineer. He appeared in the 1996 grunge documentary Hype. where hes humorously referred to as the godfather of grunge, Endino was also interviewed at length for the 2009 book, Grunge is Dead, The Oral History of Seattle Rock Music. Endino mastered or produced nearly every album by The Grannies and he continues to work with influential underground bands, and in 2007 he recorded an album with the proto-grunge band Flipper. Other projects have included the bands High on Fire, Windhand, Hot Hot Heat, Toxic Holocaust, Lucid Nation, internationally, Endino is well known for his work with the Brazilian super-band Titãs, who he’s recorded since 1993. He also produced three albums by the Mexican grunge-like band Guillotina, two albums by the British rockers Winnebago Deal, and worked with Irish band Therapy. Iron Maiden singer Bruce Dickinson, French punk rockers Burning Heads, the Australian band Spiderbait, Endino released his first solo album, Angle of Attack, in 1989. Skin Yard disbanded in 1992, and he released a solo album, Endinos Earthworm. In October 2005 he released his solo album, Permanent Fatal Error. He is currently second guitarist in the band Kandi Coded, which also features Volcom snowboarding pro Jamie Lynn and he also plays bass in Seattle band, Slippage. In March 2013, Fin Records released Endinos EP, Rumble featuring a cover of the April 1958 single, Rumble by Link Wray & His Ray Men, official website Full discography with notes and album covers Myspace Soundhouse Recording official website Jack Endino Interview on RocknRollDating. com
39.
Love Buzz
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Love Buzz is a song by Dutch rock band Shocking Blue. It was written by Robbie van Leeuwen and first released on the groups 1969 album, the song was later covered by Nirvana, who released it as their debut single in 1988. American rock band Nirvana recorded a version of the song for its 1988 début single. It was the first single in the Sub Pop Singles club and was limited to 1000 numbered copies, a Sub Pop invoice indicates that 1200 sleeves were made. The other 200 having a red instead of a number. It was made single of the week in Sounds by John Robb, in a 1989 review for British music magazine Melody Maker, Everett True wrote, Nirvana are beauty incarnate. A relentless two-chord garage beat which lays down some serious foundations for a monster of a guitar to howl over. The volume control aint been built yet which can do justice to this three-piece, True also made Love Buzz joint-US Single of the Week. True also described Nirvanas Love Buzz single as a Limited edition of 1,000, a slightly different mix of the song would also appear on Nirvanas début album, Bleach. This version is missing a 10-second sound collage introduction put together by Kurt Cobain, Love Buzz was later released on Nirvanas Blew EP in the UK in December 1989. This was the songs first release in the UK after having been substituted by Big Cheese on the British release of the Bleach album, an intense, violent performance of the song, recorded in Dallas, Texas, can be seen on Nirvanas 1994 home video Live. Sold Out. with another 1990 performance from Olympia on With the Lights Out, apparently, he had listened to Bleach in a shop, returned it to his friend without having purchased the album and explained that he did not buy it because he thought the cover was inferior. The original Shocking Blue version was sampled for the song Phoenix by The Prodigy on their 2004 album Always Outnumbered, elements of the original song were also sampled for the track Kitty Box by Lil Kim, which featured on her 2005 album The Naked Truth. The track has also covered by Hatcham Social on its free EP Party. A club mix of Love Buzz was released on Saint Thomas Records in 2009 by the Dallas psychedelic band Lithium X-Mas as a CD single. The song was sampled by the Danish rap group Malk De Koijn. British and German singer/songwriter Anika covered Love Buzz on her 2013 self-titled EP
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Aberdeen, Washington
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Aberdeen /ˈæbərdiːn/ is a city in Grays Harbor County, Washington, United States. The population was 16,896 at the 2010 census, the city is the economic center of Grays Harbor County, bordering the cities of Hoquiam and Cosmopolis. Aberdeen is called the Gateway to the Olympic Peninsula, Aberdeen was founded by Samuel Benn in 1884 and incorporated on May 12,1890. Although it became the largest and best-known city in Grays Harbor, Aberdeen lagged behind nearby Hoquiam, west built the towns first sawmill in 1894, the other two municipalities had been in business for several years. Hoquiam and Aberdeen citizens together built a spur, and in 1895, by 1900, Aberdeen had many saloons, whorehouses, and gambling establishments populating the area. Aberdeen was nicknamed The Hellhole of the Pacific, or The Port of Missing Men, one notable resident was Billy Gohl, known locally as Billy Ghoul, who was rumored to have killed at least 140 men. Gohl was convicted of two murders, during the Great Depression, Aberdeen was hit hard, reducing the number of major sawmills from 37 to 9. The timber industry continued to boom, but by the late 1970s most of the timber had been logged, most of the mills were closing down by the 1970s and 1980s. Aberdeen is at the end of Grays Harbor, near the mouth of the Chehalis River. Grays Harbor is notable as the northernmost ria on North Americas Pacific Coast because it has remained free of glaciers throughout the Quaternary due to unfavorable topography and warm temperatures. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 12.36 square miles. Aberdeen experiences a climate on the boundary between Mediterranean and oceanic, although the rainfall is extremely high between October and March, July and August still have a distinct excess of evaporation over rainfall. Temperatures are generally mild due to the proximity of the warm Pacific Ocean. Occasionally, southeasterly winds can cause high temperatures. For example, in August 1981, the temperature in Aberdeen reached 105 °F, as of the census of 2010, there were 16,896 people,6,476 households, and 4,020 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,586.5 inhabitants per square mile, there were 7,338 housing units at an average density of 689.0 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 80. 4% White,0. 8% African American,3. 7% Native American,1. 9% Asian,0. 3% Pacific Islander,8. 0% from other races, and 4. 9% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 15. 8% of the population,29. 2% of all households were made up of individuals and 10. 8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older
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Sub Pop
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Sub Pop is a record label founded in 1986 by Bruce Pavitt. In 1988, Sub Pop Records LLC was formed by Pavitt and Jonathan Poneman in Seattle, Sub Pop achieved fame in the late 1980s for first signing Nirvana, Soundgarden, Mudhoney and many other bands from the Seattle alternative rock scene. In 1995 the owners of Sub Pop sold a 49% stake of the label to the Warner Music Group, the origins of Sub Pop can be traced back to the early 1980s when Bruce Pavitt started a fanzine called Subterranean Pop that focused exclusively on American independent record labels. Pavitt undertook the project in order to earn course credit while attending Evergreen State College in Olympia, by the fourth issue, Pavitt had shortened the name to Sub Pop and began alternating issues with compilation tapes of underground rock bands. The Sub Pop #5 cassette, released in 1982, sold two thousand copies, in 1983, Pavitt moved to Seattle, Washington and released the ninth and final issue of Sub Pop. While in Seattle, he wrote a column for local newspaper The Rocket titled Sub Pop U. S. A, a column he ended in 1988. In 1986, Pavitt released the first Sub Pop LP, the compilation Sub Pop 100, which featured material by artists including Sonic Youth, Naked Raygun, Wipers, and Scratch Acid. Seattle group Green River chose to record their Dry as a Bone EP for Pavitts new label in June 1986, when finally released, Dry as a Bone was promoted by Sub Pop as ultra-loose grunge that destroyed the morals of a generation. Poneman soon became a partner in the label. Pavitt focused on the artists and repertoire aspects, while Poneman dealt with the business. Both men decided they wanted the label to focus on this primal rock stuff that was coming out, in early 1988 Pavitt and Poneman quit their jobs to devote their full attention to Sub Pop. Raising $43,000, they incorporated that April, of course that was spent in, like, thirty days, Pavitt recalled. We almost went bankrupt after a month and that August Sub Pop released the first single by Mudhoney, a band featuring former members of Green River. Sub Pop released the Mudhoney single Touch Me Im Sick in a limited first pressing of 800 copies to create demand. The strategy was adopted by other independent labels. Pavitt and Poneman studied earlier independent labels ranging from Motown to SST Records, the pair sought to create a cohesive brand identity for Sub Pop. The labels ads promoted the label more than any particular band. The label also sought to market a Seattle sound, which was accomplished with the help of producer Jack Endino, who produced 75 singles, albums, and EPs for Sub Pop between 1987 and 1989
