Subglacial eruption
Videos
Subglacial eruptions, those of ice-covered volcanoes, result in the interaction of magma with ice and snow, leading to meltwater formation, jökulhlaups, and lahars. Flooding associated with meltwater
Explosive subglacial eruption of Mount Redoubt, Alaska
Subglacial lava dome extrusion at Mount Redoubt, Alaska
Explosive subglacial eruption at Eyjafjallajökull, Iceland, in 2010
1996 eruption of Gjálp
Videos
Between 30 September and 13 October 1996, an Icelandic hyaloclastite ridge named Gjálp erupted. Located under the Vatnajökull glacier shield, its present form resulted from the eruptions, and it is li
Gjálp eruption: Jökulhlaup 1996 over Skeiðarársandur, the piedmont glacier Skeiðarárjökull and Öræfajökull in the background
Vatnajökull: In the western part to be seen are the Grímsvötn caldera (dark half-moon indentation), to the north of it Gjálp, and to the north of Gjálp the completely subglacial caldera of Bárðarbunga
This kind of eruption, but under a glacier shield
Ice cauldrons merging to form an ice canyon at the glacier covered Colombian volcano Nevado del Tolima