Summa de arithmetica
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Summa de arithmetica, geometria, proportioni et proportionalita is a book on mathematics written by Luca Pacioli and first published in 1494. It contains a comprehensive summary of Renaissance mathema
Title page of the second (1523) edition
Dedication page of the first (1494) edition
Plus and minus signs
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The plus sign and the minus sign are mathematical symbols used to denote positive and negative functions, respectively. In addition, the symbol + represents the operation of addition, which results in
Summa de arithmetica
…Greek geometry established by Euclid. It is thought to be the first printed work on algebra, and it includes the first printed example of a set of plus and minus signs that were to become standard in Italian Renaissance mathematics: 'p' with a tilde above (p̄) for "plus" and 'm' with a tilde (m̄) for minus. Pacioli's…
From Johannes Widmann's book on "handy and pretty arithmetic for all merchants"