1.
Shanghai Pudong International Airport
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Shanghai Pudong International Airport is one of two international airports of Shanghai and a major aviation hub of China. Pudong Airport mainly serves international flights, while the other major airport Shanghai Hongqiao International Airport mainly serves domestic. Located about 30 kilometres east of the city center, Pudong Airport occupies a 40-square-kilometre site adjacent to the coastline in eastern Pudong, the airport is operated by Shanghai Airport Authority. The airport is the hub for China Eastern Airlines and Shanghai Airlines. It is also the hub for privately owned Juneyao Airlines and Spring Airlines, the DHL hub, opened in July 2012, is said to be the biggest express hub in Asia. Pudong Airport has two passenger terminals, flanked on both sides by four parallel runways. Pudong Airport is a hub for both passenger and cargo traffic. With 3,440,279.7 metric tonnes handled in 2016, Pudong Airport also served a total of 66,002,414 passengers in 2016, making it the second busiest airport in China, 5th busiest in Asia and the 9th busiest in the world. By the end of 2016, Pudong Airport hosted 104 airlines serving more than 210 destinations, Shanghai Pudong is the busiest international hub of China, about half of its total passenger traffic is international. Pudong Airport is connected to Shanghai Metro Line 2 and the Shanghai Maglev Train via Pudong International Airport Station, prior to the establishment of Pudong International Airport, Shanghai Hongqiao International Airport was the primary airport of Shanghai. Construction of the first phase of the new Shanghai Pudong International Airport began in October 1997 and it covers an area of 40 square kilometres and is 30 kilometres from downtown Shanghai. The first phase of the airport has one 4E category runway along with two parallel taxiways, an 800, 000-square-metre apron, seventy-six aircraft positions and a 50,000 m2 cargo warehouse. A second runway was opened on March 17,2005, in November 2011, Pudong Airport received approval from the national government for a new round of expansion which includes two runways. The 3, 800-meter fourth runway, along with an auxiliary taxiway, the 3, 400-meter fifth runway, along with a new traffic tower, will cost 4.65 billion yuan. Construction was completed in 2015 and has doubled the capacity of the airport, the airport has 70 boarding bridges along with 218 parking positions. Terminal 1 was opened on October 1,1999 along with a 4000m runway and it was built to handle the demand for traffic and to relieve Shanghai Hongqiao International Airports traffic. Terminal 1 is shaped like Osaka Kansai International Airports terminal, but it is shorter, the exterior of the terminal is shaped like waves. The capacity of Terminal 1 is 20 million passengers and it currently has 204 check-in counters, thirteen luggage conveying belts and covering an area of 280,000 square meters
2.
China
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China, officially the Peoples Republic of China, is a unitary sovereign state in East Asia and the worlds most populous country, with a population of over 1.381 billion. The state is governed by the Communist Party of China and its capital is Beijing, the countrys major urban areas include Shanghai, Guangzhou, Beijing, Chongqing, Shenzhen, Tianjin and Hong Kong. China is a power and a major regional power within Asia. Chinas landscape is vast and diverse, ranging from forest steppes, the Himalaya, Karakoram, Pamir and Tian Shan mountain ranges separate China from much of South and Central Asia. The Yangtze and Yellow Rivers, the third and sixth longest in the world, respectively, Chinas coastline along the Pacific Ocean is 14,500 kilometers long and is bounded by the Bohai, Yellow, East China and South China seas. China emerged as one of the worlds earliest civilizations in the basin of the Yellow River in the North China Plain. For millennia, Chinas political system was based on hereditary monarchies known as dynasties, in 1912, the Republic of China replaced the last dynasty and ruled the Chinese mainland until 1949, when it was defeated by the communist Peoples Liberation Army in the Chinese Civil War. The Communist Party established the Peoples Republic of China in Beijing on 1 October 1949, both the ROC and PRC continue to claim to be the legitimate government of all China, though the latter has more recognition in the world and controls more territory. China had the largest economy in the world for much of the last two years, during which it has seen cycles of prosperity and decline. Since the introduction of reforms in 1978, China has become one of the worlds fastest-growing major economies. As of 2016, it is the worlds second-largest economy by nominal GDP, China is also the worlds largest exporter and second-largest importer of goods. China is a nuclear weapons state and has the worlds largest standing army. The PRC is a member of the United Nations, as it replaced the ROC as a permanent member of the U. N. Security Council in 1971. China is also a member of numerous formal and informal multilateral organizations, including the WTO, APEC, BRICS, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, the BCIM, the English name China is first attested in Richard Edens 1555 translation of the 1516 journal of the Portuguese explorer Duarte Barbosa. The demonym, that is, the name for the people, Portuguese China is thought to derive from Persian Chīn, and perhaps ultimately from Sanskrit Cīna. Cīna was first used in early Hindu scripture, including the Mahābhārata, there are, however, other suggestions for the derivation of China. The official name of the state is the Peoples Republic of China. The shorter form is China Zhōngguó, from zhōng and guó and it was then applied to the area around Luoyi during the Eastern Zhou and then to Chinas Central Plain before being used as an occasional synonym for the state under the Qing
3.
Pudong
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Pudong is a district of Shanghai located east of the Huangpu River across from the historic city center of Shanghai in Puxi. These modern skyscrapers directly face Puxis historic Bund, a remnant of former foreign concessions in China, pudong—literally The East Bank of the Huangpu River—originally referred only to the less-developed land across from Shanghais Old City and foreign concessions. The area was farmland and only slowly developed, with warehouses and wharfs near the shore administered by the districts of Puxi on the west bank, Huangpu, Yangpu. Pudong was originally established as a county in 1958 until 1961 which the county was split among Huangpu, Yangpu, Nanshi, Wusong, in October 1,1992 the original area of Pudong County and Chuansha County merged and established Pudong New Area. In 1993, the Chinese government set up a Special Economic Zone in Chuansha, the western tip of the Pudong district was designated as the Lujiazui Finance and Trade Zone and has become a financial hub of modern China. Several landmark buildings were constructed, including the Oriental Pearl Tower, the Jin Mao Building, and these buildings—all along Century Avenue and visible from the historic Bund—now form the most common skyline of Shanghai. On May 6,2009, it was disclosed that the State Council had approved the proposal to merge Nanhui District with Pudong, in 2010, Pudong was host to the main venues of the Shanghai Expo, whose grounds now form a public park. Pudong New Area consist of the original Pudong County, Chuansha County, districts of the direct-controlled municipality of Shanghai are administratively on the same level as prefecture-level cities. However, the government of Pudong has an equivalent to that of a sub-provincial city. This is due to Pudongs size and importance as the hub of China. The Pudong Communist Party Secretary is the top office of the district, the Pudong party chief is customarily also a member of the Shanghai Party Standing Committee. On April 27,2015, Peoples Government of Pudong New Area is working with China Pilot Free-Trade Zone Administrative Committee, Pudong is bounded by the Huangpu River in the west and the East China Sea in the east. Pudong is distinguished from Puxi, the part of Shanghai. It has an area of 1,210.4 square kilometres and according to the 2010 Census, currently, at least 2.1 million of residents of Pudong are newcomers from other provinces or cities in China. Pudong is the most populous district in Shanghai, according to the 2010 Census, it has 5,044,430 people in 1,814,802 families, around 1/4 of Shanghais total population, an explosive growth since the last census thanks to immigrants. Pudongs resident population growth is well above national average because it is an immigration destination. The 2010 census shows a 58. 26% increase in the last decade, in particular, the district saw am immigration growth of 189. 5%, or an annual pace of 11. 22%. Excluding immigrants, the rate is 0. 806% while the death rate is 0.729
4.
China Airlines
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China Airlines is the flag carrier and largest airline of the Republic of China. It is headquartered in Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport and has 12,607 regular employees, China Airlines operates over 1,400 flights weekly to 118 airports in 115 cities across Asia, Europe, North America and Oceania. The cargo division operates 91 pure freighter flights weekly, the carrier was, in 2013, the 29th and 10th largest airline in the world in terms of passenger revenue per kilometer and freight RPK, respectively. With a fleet of two PBY Amphibians, China Airlines was established on December 16,1959, with its shares held by the Republic of China government. It was founded by an air force officer and initially concentrated on charter flights. During the 1960s, China Airlines was able to establish its first scheduled routes, in October 1962, a flight from Taipei to Hualien became the airlines first domestic service. Later, with the introduction of Caravelle and Boeing 727-100s, the airlines introduced international flights to South Vietnam, Hong Kong, with the airlines first two Boeing 707 aircraft, trans-Pacific flights to San Francisco via Tokyo were initiated on February 2,1970. The expansion of the companys 707 fleet also permitted more services in Southeast Asia, Northeast Asia, shortly thereafter, four brand new Boeing 747SP were introduced in 1977. Due to political pressure, Japan ended its ties with Taiwan in 1972. The 747SP aircraft made it possible for China Airlines to fly daily nonstop services from Taipei to its North American destinations without stopping over in Japan and it also allowed the airlines to introduce flights to Saudi Arabia and South Africa. In 1979, the airlines switched all operations from the small downtown Songshan International Airport to the newly built Chiang Kai-shek International Airport, following the introduction of 747-200s, the airlines introduced its first European destination, Amsterdam. The premise being that air carriers from the PRC and Taiwan were prevented crossing paths at any Japanese airports, thus CALs Osaka service, due to the citys only airport at Itami, would not be reinstated until years later. The crossing of flag-carriers occurred almost hourly at then British-controlled Hong Kongs Kaitak International Airport, adversely, other regional airports such as Bangkok, Singapore and Manila were entirely spared of this indignity imposed on Japan by China. The next 20 years saw sporadic but far-reaching growth for the company, later, the airline inaugurated its own round-the-world flight. 1993 saw China Airlines listed on the Taiwan Stock Exchange, later CAL would place one of the largest orders for the newest Boeing 747. The new 747s and an earlier an order with Airbus for over a dozen A300B4 wide body regional jets allowed for addition destination growth, as a result, in the mid-1990s, China Airlines subsidiary Mandarin Airlines took over some of its Sydney and Vancouver international routes. The plum blossom is Taiwans National Flower, throughout the 1990s, the airline employed many ex-ROC Air Force pilots. In addition, the company began recruiting university graduates as trainees in its own training program
5.
Los Angeles
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Los Angeles, officially the City of Los Angeles and often known by its initials L. A. is the cultural, financial, and commercial center of Southern California. With a census-estimated 2015 population of 3,971,883, it is the second-most populous city in the United States, Los Angeles is also the seat of Los Angeles County, the most populated county in the United States. The citys inhabitants are referred to as Angelenos, historically home to the Chumash and Tongva, Los Angeles was claimed by Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo for Spain in 1542 along with the rest of what would become Alta California. The city was founded on September 4,1781, by Spanish governor Felipe de Neve. It became a part of Mexico in 1821 following the Mexican War of Independence, in 1848, at the end of the Mexican–American War, Los Angeles and the rest of California were purchased as part of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, thereby becoming part of the United States. Los Angeles was incorporated as a municipality on April 4,1850, the discovery of oil in the 1890s brought rapid growth to the city. The completion of the Los Angeles Aqueduct in 1913, delivering water from Eastern California, nicknamed the City of Angels, Los Angeles is known for its Mediterranean climate, ethnic diversity, and sprawling metropolis. Los Angeles also has an economy in culture, media, fashion, science, sports, technology, education, medicine. A global city, it has been ranked 6th in the Global Cities Index, the city is home to renowned institutions covering a broad range of professional and cultural fields, and is one of the most substantial economic engines within the United States. The Los Angeles combined statistical area has a gross metropolitan product of $831 billion, making it the third-largest in the world, after the Greater Tokyo and New York metropolitan areas. The city has hosted the Summer Olympic Games in 1932 and 1984 and is bidding to host the 2024 Summer Olympics and thus become the second city after London to have hosted the Games three times. The Los Angeles area also hosted the 1994 FIFA mens World Cup final match as well as the 1999 FIFA womens World Cup final match, the mens event was watched on television by over 700 million people worldwide. The Los Angeles coastal area was first settled by the Tongva, a Gabrielino settlement in the area was called iyáangẚ, meaning poison oak place. Gaspar de Portolà and Franciscan missionary Juan Crespí, reached the present site of Los Angeles on August 2,1769, in 1771, Franciscan friar Junípero Serra directed the building of the Mission San Gabriel Arcángel, the first mission in the area. The Queen of the Angels is an honorific of the Virgin Mary, two-thirds of the settlers were mestizo or mulatto with a mixture of African, indigenous and European ancestry. The settlement remained a small town for decades, but by 1820. Today, the pueblo is commemorated in the district of Los Angeles Pueblo Plaza and Olvera Street. New Spain achieved its independence from the Spanish Empire in 1821, during Mexican rule, Governor Pío Pico made Los Angeles Alta Californias regional capital
6.
Luxembourg
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Luxembourg /ˈlʌksəmbɜːrɡ/, officially the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, is a landlocked country in western Europe. It is bordered by Belgium to the west and north, Germany to the east and its culture, people and languages are highly intertwined with its neighbours, making it essentially a mixture of French and Germanic cultures. It comprises two regions, the Oesling in the north as part of the Ardennes massif. With an area of 2,586 square kilometres, it is one of the smallest sovereign states in Europe, Luxembourg had a population of 524,853 in October 2012, ranking it the 8th least-populous country in Europe. As a representative democracy with a monarch, it is headed by a Grand Duke, Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg. Luxembourg is a country, with an advanced economy and the worlds highest GDP per capita. Luxembourg is a member of the European Union, OECD, United Nations, NATO, and Benelux, reflecting its political consensus in favour of economic, political. The city of Luxembourg, which is the capital and largest city, is the seat of several institutions. Luxembourg served on the United Nations Security Council for the years 2013 and 2014, around this fort, a town gradually developed, which became the centre of a state of great strategic value. In the 14th and early 15th centuries, three members of the House of Luxembourg reigned as Holy Roman Emperors, in the following centuries, Luxembourgs fortress was steadily enlarged and strengthened by its successive occupants, the Bourbons, Habsburgs, Hohenzollerns and the French. After the defeat of Napoleon in 1815, Luxembourg was disputed between Prussia and the Netherlands and this arrangement was revised by the 1839 First Treaty of London, from which date Luxembourgs full independence is reckoned. In 1842 Luxembourg joined the German Customs Union, the King of the Netherlands remained Head of State as Grand Duke of Luxembourg, maintaining a personal union between the two countries until 1890. At the death of William III, the throne of the Netherlands passed to his daughter Wilhelmina and this allowed Germany the military advantage of controlling and expanding the railways there. In August 1914, Imperial Germany violated Luxembourgs neutrality in the war by invading it in the war against France and this allowed Germany to use the railway lines, while at the same time denying them to France. Nevertheless, despite the German occupation, Luxembourg was allowed to maintain much of its independence, in 1940, after the outbreak of World War II, Luxembourgs neutrality was again violated when the Wehrmacht of Nazi Germany entered the country, entirely without justification. A government in exile based in London supported the Allies, sending a group of volunteers who participated in the Normandy invasion. Luxembourg was liberated in September 1944, and became a member of the United Nations in 1945. Luxembourgs neutral status under the constitution formally ended in 1948, in 2005, a referendum on the EU treaty establishing a constitution for Europe was held
7.
Amsterdam Airport Schiphol
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Amsterdam Airport Schiphol is the main international airport of the Netherlands, located 9 kilometres southwest of Amsterdam, in the municipality of Haarlemmermeer, province of North Holland. It is the third busiest airport in Europe in terms of passengers, the airport is built as a single-terminal concept, one large terminal split into three large departure halls. Schiphol is the hub for KLM and its regional affiliate KLM Cityhopper as well as for Corendon Dutch Airlines, Martinair, Transavia, the airport also serves as a European hub for Delta Air Lines and Jet Airways and as a base for EasyJet and Vueling. Schiphol opened on 16 September 1916 as a military airbase, the end of the First World War also saw the beginning of civilian use of Schiphol Airport and the airport eventually lost its military role completely. By 1940, Schiphol had four runways at 45-degree angles. The airport was captured by the German military that same year, the airport was destroyed through bombing but at the end of the war the airfield was restored quickly. In 1949, it was decided that Schiphol was to become the airport of the Netherlands. The airports official English name, Amsterdam Airport Schiphol, reflects the original Dutch word order, Schiphol Airport is an important European airport, ranking as Europes third busiest and the worlds fourteenth busiest by total passenger traffic in 2015. It also ranks as the fifth busiest by international passenger traffic. 58.285 million passengers passed through the airport in 2015. In 2010,65. 9% of passengers using the airport flew to and from Europe,11. 7% to and from North America and 8. 8% to and from Asia, in 2010,106 carriers provided a total of 301 destinations on a regular basis. Passenger destinations were offered by 91 airlines, direct destinations grew by 9 to a total of 274. Regular destinations serviced exclusively by full freighters grew by eight to a total of twenty-seven, the airport is built as one large terminal, split into three large departure halls, which connect again once airside. The most recent of these was completed in 1994 and expanded in 2007 with a new section, called Terminal 4, plans for further terminal expansion exist, including the construction of a separate new terminal between the Zwanenburgbaan and Polderbaan runways that would end the one-terminal concept. Because of intense traffic and high landing fees, some low-cost carriers decided to move their flights to airports, such as Rotterdam The Hague Airport. Many low-cost carriers, such as EasyJet, however, continue to operate from Schiphol, there have been talks about using the Lelystad Airport for low-cost carriers. Schiphol is equipped with eighteen double jetway gates in preparation for airlines introducing the Airbus A380, Emirates was the first airline to fly the A380 to Schiphol in August 2012, deploying the aircraft on its double daily Dubai–Amsterdam service. During the summer, China Southern Airlines also uses the A380 on its Beijing–Amsterdam route, Schiphols name is derived from a former fortification named Fort Schiphol, which was part of the Stelling van Amsterdam defence works
8.
Sanya
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Sanya is the southernmost city on Hainan Island, and one of the four prefecture-level cities of Hainan Province, in Southeast China. According to the 2010 Census, the population of Sanya is of 685,408 inhabitants, the city is renowned for its tropical climate and has emerged as a popular tourist destination, also serving as the training site of the Chinese national beach volleyball team. The city becomes known as “China’s Florida, ” drawing a number of retirees from biting cold Northeast China in winter. Sanya is home to concentrations of Utsul people. Known in ancient times as Yazhou, postal romanization, Aichow, literally cliff state or prefecture, as a result, the city served as a place of exile for officials who found themselves out of favor with the countrys rulers. During the Tang dynasty, the Buddhist monk Jianzhen accidentally landed here, Japan then occupied the area during the Second Sino-Japanese War and renamed Sanya as Samah. The city then became a port for the Second Fleet of the Imperial Japanese Navy. In April 1950, the Peoples Liberation Army took over Yaxian County, in 1959 and 1961 these areas were separated to establish Baoting and Lingshui while Yaxian County remained in its current prefecture. Approved by the State Council of China, Yaxian was upgraded to Sanya City on September 26,1987 and on December 30, Sanya City was officially established. In 2007 the Beijing Olympic Organizing Committee announced that the city of Sanya would become the first leg of the Beijing 2008 Summer Olympics torch relay in China. Sanya lies at the tip of Hainan Island at Sanya Bay. Located at 18°15 N latitude, it is about as far north of the Equator as the Island of Hawaii is. Though the administrative area has a rough topography, the city itself is generally flat, the area has a tropical wet and dry climate, featuring very warm weather all year around. Monsoonal influences are strong, with a lengthy wet season. The coolest month is January, at 21.6 °C, while the hottest, unlike much of the rest of China, is June, at 28.8 °C, water temperatures remain above 20 °C year-round. Before July 30,2014, there were direct jurisdiction over four county-level districts, now there are four districts in Sanya. In recent years Sanya has become a popular tourist destination, numerous international hotel chains are now established in the area. In 2009 the luxury Mandarin Oriental hotel group opened in the Dadong Hai area of Sanya, there are now over 100 hotels, ranging from international brands to locally managed resorts
9.
Zhuhai
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Zhuhai is a prefecture-level city on the southern coast of Guangdong province in China. Located in the Pearl River Delta, Zhuhai borders Jiangmen to the northwest, Zhongshan to the north, Zhuhai was one of the original Special Economic Zones established in the 1980s. Zhuhai is also one of Chinas premier tourist destinations, being called the Chinese Riviera, according to a report released in 2014 by the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Zhuhai is the most livable city in China. Zhuhai borders the Macau Special Administrative Region, and is 140 kilometres southwest of Guangzhou and its territory includes 146 islands and a coastline of 690 kilometres. Some of the latter are actually closer to Hong Kong than to the Zhuhai mainland. The jurisdiction of Nei Lingding Island, located in the Pearl River estuary was transferred from Zhuhai to Shenzhen in 2009, average highs in January and July are 18 and 32 °C respectively. It never snows and a frost has never recorded in the city centre. Conversely, extreme heat waves do not occur as they do further inland, Zhuhai became a city in 1979, a year before it was designated as one of the first Special Economic Zones of China. The establishment of Zhuhai as an SEZ allowed the Chinese Central Government and economy to have access to the Macau and consequently. As a result, Zhuhai is now a city in the Pearl River Delta region according to the new general urban plan approved by the State Council. The implementation of Special Economy Zone intended for the city to become a key city, science and education city, scenic and tourism city. The outstanding geographic location, a range of supporting infrastructure. Utilized foreign investment reached US$10.344 billion in 2008, among the top 500 enterprises worldwide,19 of them have investment projects in Zhuhai such as ExxonMobil, BP, Siemens, Carrefour and Matsushita. Hong Kong is the largest overseas investor in Zhuhai, accounting for 22% of total utilized foreign investment in 2002, Zhuhai hi-tech zone is located in the north of Zhuhai, which is very close to downtown. Furthermore, technological resources are centralized in our zone, there is also a development in hi-tech industries which is leading by software. The hi-tech zone is the showcase for Zhuhais scientific development, Zhuhai Free Trade Zone Zhuhai Free Trade Zone was founded in 1996 with the State Councils approval, occupying 3 km2. A Zhuhai FTZ Administrative Committee was set up in June 1997, by the end of 2006, there had been over 200 companies registered in the Free Trade Zone, including more than 150 foreign-funded enterprises, and the total investment amount was 1 billion US dollars. Their combined sales were more than 1.3 billion US dollars or 10% of all the sales in the world
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Media related to Yangtze River Express at Wikimedia Commons
