Superfluid helium-4
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Superfluid helium-4 is the superfluid form of helium-4, the most common isotope of the element helium. The substance, which resembles other liquids such as helium I, flows without friction past any su
Fig. 3. Temperature dependence of the relative superfluid and normal components ρn/ρ and ρs/ρ as functions of T.
Fig. 5. The liquid helium is in the superfluid phase. As long as it remains superfluid, it creeps up the wall of the cup as a thin film. It comes down on the outside, forming a drop which will fall into the liquid below. Another drop will form – and so on – until the cup is empty.
Fig. 7. Demonstration of the fountain pressure. The two vessels are connected by a superleak through which only the superfluid component can pass.
Fig. 8. Demonstration of the fountain effect. A capillary tube is "closed" at one end by a superleak and is placed into a bath of superfluid helium and then heated. The helium flows up through the tube and squirts like a fountain.
Quantum vortex
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In physics, a quantum vortex represents a quantized flux circulation of some physical quantity. In most cases, quantum vortices are a type of topological defect exhibited in superfluids and supercondu
Vortices in a 200-nm-thick YBCO film imaged by scanning SQUID microscopy
