1.
National Steel and Shipbuilding Company
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It is a division of General Dynamics. The Virginia shipyard primarily performs ship repairs and conversions for the U. S. Navy, the origin of NASSCO traces to 1905 and a small machine shop and foundry known as California Iron Works. In 1922 California Iron Works was taken over by U. S. National Bank, in 1959 the company was acquired by four owners, including Henry J. Kaiser Company and Morrison Knudsen. In 1979 Morrison Knudsen bought out Kaisers share, and in 1989 management acquired the company from Morrison Knudsen via an employee stock ownership plan, in 1940 the companys ironworkers organized into a union. By 1979 the company had 7,900 employees organized into six unions, there was a labor strike in 1988 which was eventually resolved with a 49-month contract. Another 25-day-long strike in 1992 resulted in workers returning to work without a contract, another 4-week-long strike in 1996 ended without any concessions to the workers, many of whom eventually returned to work. Since 1991, much of NASSCOs work on US Navy warships has been outsourced to TIMSA in Mexico, in 1998 General Dynamics bought NASSCO in a $415 million deal, and in 2000 the company underwent a $135 million upgrade of its facilities. On October 31,2011 General Dynamics-NASSCO acquired Metro Machine Corp, a repair company in Norfolk, Virginia. The company had been conducting ship repairs and conversions for the U. S. Navy since 1972, the NASSCO-Norfolk shipyard had the newest Drydock in the country, with two auto-start generators, automated ballast control system and automated ship hauling and centering system. NASSCO began building commercial ships in 1959, eventually including large cargo ships. Its most famous ship was the Exxon Valdez tanker, which completed construction at NASSCO in 1986. In December 2012 the company signed a contract to build two 764-foot container ships powered by liquefied natural gas, when completed they will be the largest LNG-powered ships of any kind in the world. Beginning in the 1990s the company won Navy contracts to build AOE-10 support ships, strategic sealift ships, additional Navy contracts awarded during the 2000s included maintenance of the San Diego-based USS Ticonderoga and USS Spruance warships. In 2001 the Navy awarded NASSCO its largest order in history, to build the Lewis and Clark class dry cargo ship. The company has a contract to build at least three Mobile Landing Platform ships, a new class of ship for the U. S. Navy, construction on the first vessel began in July 2011 and the keel was laid for the second in December 2012
2.
San Diego
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San Diego is a major city in California, United States. It is in San Diego County, on the coast of the Pacific Ocean in Southern California, approximately 120 miles south of Los Angeles and immediately adjacent to the border with Mexico. With an estimated population of 1,394,928 as of July 1,2015, San Diego is the eighth-largest city in the United States and second-largest in California. It is part of the San Diego–Tijuana conurbation, the second-largest transborder agglomeration between the US and a country after Detroit–Windsor, with a population of 4,922,723 people. San Diego has been called the birthplace of California, historically home to the Kumeyaay people, San Diego was the first site visited by Europeans on what is now the West Coast of the United States. Upon landing in San Diego Bay in 1542, Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo claimed the area for Spain, the Presidio and Mission San Diego de Alcalá, founded in 1769, formed the first European settlement in what is now California. In 1821, San Diego became part of the newly independent Mexico, in 1850, California became part of the United States following the Mexican–American War and the admission of California to the union. The city is the seat of San Diego County and is the center of the region as well as the San Diego–Tijuana metropolitan area. San Diegos main economic engines are military and defense-related activities, tourism, international trade, the presence of the University of California, San Diego, with the affiliated UCSD Medical Center, has helped make the area a center of research in biotechnology. The original inhabitants of the region are now known as the San Dieguito, the area of San Diego has been inhabited by the Kumeyaay people. The first European to visit the region was Portuguese-born explorer Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo sailing under the flag of Castile, sailing his flagship San Salvador from Navidad, New Spain, Cabrillo claimed the bay for the Spanish Empire in 1542, and named the site San Miguel. In November 1602, Sebastián Vizcaíno was sent to map the California coast, in May 1769, Gaspar de Portolà established the Fort Presidio of San Diego on a hill near the San Diego River. It was the first settlement by Europeans in what is now the state of California, in July of the same year, Mission San Diego de Alcalá was founded by Franciscan friars under Junípero Serra. By 1797, the mission boasted the largest native population in Alta California, with over 1,400 neophytes living in, Mission San Diego was the southern anchor in California of the historic mission trail El Camino Real. Both the Presidio and the Mission are National Historic Landmarks, in 1821, Mexico won its independence from Spain, and San Diego became part of the Mexican territory of Alta California. In 1822, Mexico began attempting to extend its authority over the territory of Alta California. The fort on Presidio Hill was gradually abandoned, while the town of San Diego grew up on the land below Presidio Hill. The Mission was secularized by the Mexican government in 1833, the 432 residents of the town petitioned the governor to form a pueblo, and Juan María Osuna was elected the first alcalde, defeating Pío Pico in the vote
3.
United States Navy
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The United States Navy is the naval warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the seven uniformed services of the United States. The U. S. Navy is the largest, most capable navy in the world, the U. S. Navy has the worlds largest aircraft carrier fleet, with ten in service, two in the reserve fleet, and three new carriers under construction. The service has 323,792 personnel on duty and 108,515 in the Navy Reserve. It has 274 deployable combat vessels and more than 3,700 operational aircraft as of October 2016, the U. S. Navy traces its origins to the Continental Navy, which was established during the American Revolutionary War and was effectively disbanded as a separate entity shortly thereafter. It played a role in the American Civil War by blockading the Confederacy. It played the role in the World War II defeat of Imperial Japan. The 21st century U. S. Navy maintains a global presence, deploying in strength in such areas as the Western Pacific, the Mediterranean. The Navy is administratively managed by the Department of the Navy, the Department of the Navy is itself a division of the Department of Defense, which is headed by the Secretary of Defense. The Chief of Naval Operations is an admiral and the senior naval officer of the Department of the Navy. The CNO may not be the highest ranking officer in the armed forces if the Chairman or the Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. The mission of the Navy is to maintain, train and equip combat-ready Naval forces capable of winning wars, deterring aggression, the United States Navy is a seaborne branch of the military of the United States. The Navys three primary areas of responsibility, The preparation of naval forces necessary for the prosecution of war. The development of aircraft, weapons, tactics, technique, organization, U. S. Navy training manuals state that the mission of the U. S. Armed Forces is to prepare and conduct prompt and sustained combat operations in support of the national interest, as part of that establishment, the U. S. Navys functions comprise sea control, power projection and nuclear deterrence, in addition to sealift duties. It follows then as certain as that night succeeds the day, that without a decisive naval force we can do nothing definitive, the Navy was rooted in the colonial seafaring tradition, which produced a large community of sailors, captains, and shipbuilders. In the early stages of the American Revolutionary War, Massachusetts had its own Massachusetts Naval Militia, the establishment of a national navy was an issue of debate among the members of the Second Continental Congress. Supporters argued that a navy would protect shipping, defend the coast, detractors countered that challenging the British Royal Navy, then the worlds preeminent naval power, was a foolish undertaking. Commander in Chief George Washington resolved the debate when he commissioned the ocean-going schooner USS Hannah to interdict British merchant ships, and reported the captures to the Congress
4.
Sacramento-class fast combat support ship
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This was deemed necessary because World War II replenishments had to be scheduled well in advance due to communications problems and were subject to change due to weather or combat related reasons. On top of that the Underway Replenishment Groups of that time were slow, the Sacramentos had been designed to carry more fuel and ammunition than the largest ammunition ships then in service with the US Navy. The speed was obtained by giving each ship one-half of the removed from the unfinished Iowa-class battleships Illinois. To fulfill the role in the less demanding Anti-Submarine Support Aircraft Carrier groups, the navy built the similar. Construction of the unnamed AOE-5 was cancelled in 1968, there are no Sacramento-class ships in service with the Navy, the last one being retired in 2005. The ships that now fulfill this role for the U. S. Navy are the Supply-class fast combat support ships and those ships are not commissioned ships of the Navy, rather they are operated by the Military Sealift Command. Federation of American Scientists, AOE-1 Sacramento Fast Combat Support Ship
5.
Fast combat support ship
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The fast combat support ship is the United States Navys largest combat logistics ship, designed as an oiler, ammunition and supply ship. All fast combat support ships currently in service are operated by Military Sealift Command, the AOE has the speed to keep up with carrier battle groups and the capacity to fully support their needs. It receives petroleum products, ammunition and stores from shuttle ships. This greatly reduces the number of ships needed to travel with carrier battle groups. The four ships of the Sacramento class were 53,000 tons at load,796 feet overall length. The Sacramento class was retired in 2005, the Supply class ships displace 48,800 tons full load and operate two Sikorsky MH-60S Knighthawk helicopters
6.
General Electric
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General Electric, often abbreviated as GE, is an American multinational conglomerate corporation incorporated in New York and headquartered in Boston, Massachusetts. In 2011, GE ranked among the Fortune 500 as the 68th-largest firm in the U. S. by gross revenue, as of 2012, the company was listed the fourth-largest in the world among the Forbes Global 2000, further metrics being taken into account. The Nobel Prize has twice been awarded to employees of General Electric, Irving Langmuir in 1932, on January 13,2016, it was announced that GE will be moving its corporate headquarters from Fairfield, Connecticut to the South Boston Waterfront neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts. The first group of workers arrived in the summer of 2016, morgan and the Vanderbilt family for Edisons lighting experiments. The new company also acquired Sprague Electric Railway & Motor Company in the same year, both plants continue to operate under the GE banner to this day. The company was incorporated in New York, with the Schenectady plant used as headquarters for years thereafter. Around the same time, General Electrics Canadian counterpart, Canadian General Electric, was formed, in 1896, General Electric was one of the original 12 companies listed on the newly formed Dow Jones Industrial Average. After 120 years, it is the one of the original companies still listed on the Dow index. In 1911, General Electric absorbed the National Electric Lamp Association into its lighting business, GE established its lighting division headquarters at Nela Park in East Cleveland, Ohio. Nela Park is still the headquarters for GEs lighting business, owen D. Young, through GE, founded the Radio Corporation of America in 1919 to further international radio. GE used RCA as its retail arm for radio sales from 1919, in 1927, Ernst Alexanderson of GE made the first demonstration of his television broadcasts at his General Electric Realty Plot home at 1132 Adams Rd, Schenectady, NY. The sound was broadcast on GEs WGY, experimental television station W2XAD evolved into station WRGB which—along with WGY and WGFM —was owned and operated by General Electric until 1983. GEs history of working with turbines in the field gave them the engineering know-how to move into the new field of aircraft turbosuperchargers. Led by Sanford Alexander Moss, GE introduced the first superchargers during World War I, superchargers became indispensable in the years immediately prior to World War II, and GE was the world leader in exhaust-driven supercharging when the war started. This experience, in turn, made GE a natural selection to develop the Whittle W.1 jet engine that was demonstrated in the United States in 1941, GE ranked ninth among United States corporations in the value of wartime production contracts. In 2002, GE acquired the assets of Enron during its bankruptcy proceedings. Some consumers boycotted GE light bulbs, refrigerators and other products in the 1980s and 1990s to protest GEs role in weapons production. With IBM, Burroughs, NCR, Control Data Corporation, Honeywell, RCA and UNIVAC, GE had a line of general purpose and special purpose computers
7.
General Electric LM2500
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The General Electric LM2500 is an industrial and marine gas turbine produced by GE Aviation. The LM2500 is a derivative of the General Electric CF6 aircraft engine, the LM2500 is available in 3 different versions, The LM2500 delivers 33,600 shaft horsepower with a thermal efficiency of 37 percent at ISO conditions. When coupled with a generator, it delivers 24 MW of electricity at 60 Hz with a thermal efficiency of 36 percent at ISO conditions. The improved, 3rd generation, LM2500+ version of the turbine delivers 40,500 shp with an efficiency of 39 percent at ISO conditions. When coupled with a generator, it delivers 29 MW of electricity at 60 Hz with a thermal efficiency of 38 percent at ISO conditions. The latest, 4th generation, LM2500+G4 version was introduced in November 2005, the turbines have been used in various applications such as in warships of the U. S. and a number of other world navies, hydrofoils, hovercraft and fast ferries. As of 2004, more than one thousand LM2500/LM2500+ gas turbines have been in service for more than 29 international navies, recently, the increasing demands for low weight, high power engines in the oil and gas industry has led to GE developing a dedicated version for offshore use. This FPSO version is lighter and more compact, and is being used both for electricity generation and for directly driving compressors, e. g. for compressing natural gas going out into pipelines. The LM2500 was first used in US Navy warships in the Spruance class of destroyers and the related Kidd class, in this configuration it was rated to 21,500 shp. This configuration was used into the 1980s in the Oliver Hazard Perry class frigates. It was also used by one of Peoples Republic of Chinas Type 052 Luhu Class Missile Destroyer acquired before the embargo. In 2001 the LM2500 was installed in a capsule in the South African Navy Valour class frigates as part of a CODAG propulsion system with two MTU 16V1163 TB93 Propulsion Diesels. The current generation was uprated in the late 1990s to over 30,000 shp, LM2500 installations place the engine inside a metal container for sound and heat isolation from the rest of the machinery spaces. This container is very near the size of a standard 40-foot intermodal shipping container - but not the same, the air intake ducting may be designed and shaped appropriately for easy removal of the LM2500 from their ships. The LM2500+ is an evolution of the LM2500, delivering up to 40,200 shp or 28.6 MW of electric energy when combined with an electrical generator, celebrity Cruises uses two LM2500+ engines in their Millennium-class ships in a COGAS cycle. The LM2500 is license-built in Japan by Ishikawajima-Harima, in India by HAL, the LM2500/LM2500+ can often be found as turbine part of CODAG or CODOG propulsion systems or in pairs as powerplants for COGAG systems. Official GE Aviation page for LM2500+, official GE Aviation page for LM2500+G4. FAS information page on US Navy LM2500 usage SA Navy Valour class frigate page Power Generation plants Simple and combined cycle 50Hz Simple and combined cycle 60Hz
8.
Boeing Vertol CH-46 Sea Knight
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The Boeing Vertol CH-46 Sea Knight is a medium-lift tandem rotor transport helicopter powered by twin turboshaft aircraft engines. It was used by the United States Marine Corps to provide all-weather, day-or-night assault transport of troops, supplies. Additional tasks included combat support, search and rescue, support for refueling and rearming points, CASEVAC and Tactical Recovery of Aircraft. The Sea Knight was also the United States Navys standard medium-lift utility helicopter until it was phased out in favor of the MH-60S Knighthawk in the early 2000s, Canada also operated the Sea Knight, designated as CH-113, and operated them in the SAR role until 2004. Other export customers include Japan, Sweden, and Saudi Arabia, the commercial version is the BV 107-II, commonly referred to simply as the Vertol. Piasecki Helicopter was a developer of tandem-rotor helicopters, with the most famous previous helicopter being the H-21 Flying Banana. Piasecki Helicopter became Vertol in 1955 and work began on a new tandem rotor helicopter designated the Vertol Model 107 or V-107 in 1956, the V-107 prototype had two Lycoming T53 turboshaft engines, producing 877 shp each. The first flight of the V-107 took place on 22 April 1958, the V-107 was then put through a flight demonstration tour in the United States and overseas. In June 1958, the U. S. Army awarded a contract to Vertol for ten production aircraft designated YHC-1A. The order was decreased to three, so that the Army could divert funds for the V-114, also a turbine powered tandem. The Armys three YHC-1As were powered by GE-T-58 engines, the YHC-1As first flew in August 1959, and were followed by an improved commercial/export model, the 107-II. During 1960, the U. S. Marine Corps evolved a requirement for a medium-lift and that same year Boeing acquired Vertol and renamed the group Boeing Vertol. Following a competition, Boeing Vertol was selected to build its model 107M as the HRB-1, early in 1961. In 1962 the U. S. Air Force ordered 12 XCH-46B Sea Knights with the XH-49A designation, following the Sea Knights first flight in August 1962, the designation was changed to CH-46A. In November 1964, introduction of the Marines CH-46A and the Navys UH-46As began, the UH-46A variant was modified for the vertical replenishment role. The CH-46A was equipped with a pair of T58-GE8-8B turboshaft engines rated at 1,250 shp each, Production of the improved CH-46D followed with deliveries beginning in 1966. Its improvements included modified rotor blades and more powerful T58-GE-10 turboshaft engines rated at 1,400 shp each, the increased power allowed the D-model to carry 25 troops or 7,000 pounds of cargo. The CH-46D was introduced to the Vietnam theater in late 1967, supplementing the U. S. Marine Corps existing unreliable, along with the USMCs CH-46Ds, the U. S. Navy received a small number of UH-46Ds for ship resupply
9.
Sikorsky SH-60 Seahawk
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The Sikorsky SH-60/MH-60 Seahawk is a twin turboshaft engine, multi-mission United States Navy helicopter based on the United States Army UH-60 Black Hawk and a member of the Sikorsky S-70 family. The most significant airframe modification is a tail to reduce its footprint aboard ships. The U. S. Navy uses the H-60 airframe under the model designations SH-60B, SH-60F, HH-60H, MH-60R, all Navy H-60s carry a rescue hoist for SAR/CSAR missions. During the 1970s, the U. S. Navy began looking for a new helicopter to replace the Kaman SH-2 Seasprite. The SH-2 Seasprite was used by the Navy as its platform for the Light Airborne Multi-Purpose System Mark I avionics suite for maritime warfare and a secondary search and rescue capability. Advances in sensor and avionic technology lead to the LAMPS Mk II suite, in the mid-1970s, the Army evaluated the Sikorsky YUH-60 and Boeing-Vertol YUH-61 for its Utility Tactical Transport Aircraft System competition. The Navy based its requirements on the Armys UTTAS specification to decrease costs from commonality, Sikorsky and Boeing-Vertol submitted proposals for Navy versions of their Army UTTAS helicopters in April 1977 for review. The Navy also looked at helicopters being produced by Bell, Kaman, Westland and MBB, in early 1978 the Navy selected Sikorskys S-70B design, which was designated SH-60B Seahawk. The SH-60B maintained 83% commonality with the UH-60A, other changes included larger fuel cells, an electric blade folding system, folding horizontal stabilators for storage, and adding a 25-tube pneumatic sonobuoy launcher on left side. Five YSH-60B Seahawk LAMPS III prototypes were ordered, the first YSH-60B flight occurred on 12 December 1979. The first production SH-60B made its first flight on 11 February 1983, the SH-60B entered operational service in 1984 with first operational deployment in 1985. The SH-60B is deployed primarily aboard frigates, destroyers, and cruisers, the primary missions of the SH-60B are surface warfare and anti-submarine warfare. It carries a complex system of including a towed Magnetic Anomaly Detector. Other sensors include the APS-124 search radar, ALQ-142 ESM system, munitions carried include the Mk 46, Mk 50, or Mk 54 torpedo, AGM-114 Hellfire missile, and a single cabin-door-mounted M60D/M2407.62 mm machine gun or GAU-16.50 in machine gun. A standard crew for a SH-60B is one pilot, one ATO/Co-Pilot, operating squadrons are designated Helicopter Anti-Submarine Squadron, Light. The SH-60J is a version of the SH-60B for the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force, the SH-60K is a modified version of the SH-60J. The SH-60J and SH-60K are built under license by Mitsubishi in Japan, after the SH-60B entered service, the Navy began development of the SH-60F to replace the SH-3 Sea King. Development of this variant began with the award of a contract to Sikorsky in March 1985, an early-model SH-60B was modified to serve as a SH-60F prototype
10.
USNS Supply (T-AOE-6)
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USNS Supply, ex-USS Supply, is the lead ship of the Supply-class fast combat support ships. She was commissioned in 1994 and decommissioned in 2001, after which she was transferred for service with the U. S, Supply was laid down on 24 February 1989 and was launched on 6 October 1990. She was commissioned in the United States Navy as USS Supply on 26 February 1994 at Naval Air Station, North Island in San Diego, California. After her initial outfitting in San Diego, she sailed to Norfolk, Virginia via the Panama Canal and Caribbean Sea, like other fast combat support ships, she is part of MSCs Naval Fleet Auxiliary Force. In 2014, Supply resided at BAE Systems Southeast Shipyards in Mobile, USNS Supply was allegedly the target of Al Qaeda in the Indian Subcontinent in 2014. AQIS claimed through Twitter and other social media forums that the AQIS attack on Pakistan Navy frigate PNS Zulfiqar was intended to attack USS Supply. AQIS report contradicts the official Pakistan Navy account of the attack which states that the frigate was attacked by AQIS at the Naval Dockyard in Karachi. AQIS claims that PNS Zulfiqar crew were involved in the attempt to take over the ship at sea for attacking USS Supply and this article includes information collected from the Naval Vessel Register, which, as a U. S. government publication, is in the public domain
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United States Navy