1.
Album
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Album, is a collection of audio recordings issued as a single item on CD, record, audio tape, or another medium. Albums of recorded music were developed in the early 20th century, first as books of individual 78rpm records, vinyl LPs are still issued, though in the 21st century album sales have mostly focused on compact disc and MP3 formats. The audio cassette was a format used from the late 1970s through to the 1990s alongside vinyl, an album may be recorded in a recording studio, in a concert venue, at home, in the field, or a mix of places. Recording may take a few hours to years to complete, usually in several takes with different parts recorded separately. Recordings that are done in one take without overdubbing are termed live, the majority of studio recordings contain an abundance of editing, sound effects, voice adjustments, etc. With modern recording technology, musicians can be recorded in separate rooms or at times while listening to the other parts using headphones. Album covers and liner notes are used, and sometimes additional information is provided, such as analysis of the recording, historically, the term album was applied to a collection of various items housed in a book format. In musical usage the word was used for collections of pieces of printed music from the early nineteenth century. Later, collections of related 78rpm records were bundled in book-like albums, the LP record, or 33 1⁄3 rpm microgroove vinyl record, is a gramophone record format introduced by Columbia Records in 1948. It was adopted by the industry as a standard format for the album. Apart from relatively minor refinements and the important later addition of stereophonic sound capability, the term album had been carried forward from the early nineteenth century when it had been used for collections of short pieces of music. Later, collections of related 78rpm records were bundled in book-like albums, as part of a trend of shifting sales in the music industry, some commenters have declared that the early 21st century experienced the death of the album. Sometimes shorter albums are referred to as mini-albums or EPs, Albums such as Tubular Bells, Amarok, Hergest Ridge by Mike Oldfield, and Yess Close to the Edge, include fewer than four tracks. There are no rules against artists such as Pinhead Gunpowder referring to their own releases under thirty minutes as albums. These are known as box sets, material is stored on an album in sections termed tracks, normally 11 or 12 tracks. A music track is a song or instrumental recording. The term is associated with popular music where separate tracks are known as album tracks. When vinyl records were the medium for audio recordings a track could be identified visually from the grooves
2.
The Beach Boys
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The Beach Boys are an American rock band formed in Hawthorne, California in 1961. The groups original lineup consisted of brothers Brian, Dennis, and Carl Wilson, their cousin Mike Love, distinguished by their vocal harmonies and early surf songs, they are one of the most influential acts of the rock era. The Beach Boys began as a band managed by the Wilsons father Murry. Emerging at the vanguard of the California Sound, they performed material that reflected a southern California youth culture of surfing, cars. After 1964, they abandoned the surfing aesthetic for more personal lyrics, in 1966, the Pet Sounds album and Good Vibrations single vaulted the group to the top level of rock innovators and established the band as symbols of the nascent counterculture era. Following Smiles dissolution, Brian gradually ceded production and songwriting duties to the rest of the band, reducing his input because of mental health and substance abuse issues. The continued success of their greatest hits albums during the mid 1970s precipitated the transition into an oldies act. Since the 1980s, much-publicized legal wrangling over royalties, songwriting credits, Dennis drowned in 1983 and Carl died of lung cancer in 1998. After Carls death, many live configurations of the band fronted by Mike Love, Even though Wilson and Jardine have not performed with Love and Johnstons band since their one-off 2012 reunion tour, they remain a part of the Beach Boys corporation, Brother Records Inc. The Beach Boys are one of the most critically acclaimed, commercially successful, the group had over eighty songs chart worldwide, thirty-six of them US Top 40 hits, four reaching number-one on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. They received their only Grammy Award for The Smile Sessions, the core quintet of the three Wilsons, Love and Jardine were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1988. At the time of his birthday on June 20,1958, Brian Wilson shared a bedroom with his brothers, Dennis and Carl – aged thirteen and eleven. He had watched his father, Murry Wilson, play piano, after dissecting songs such as Ivory Tower and Good News, Brian would teach family members how to sing the background harmonies. For his birthday that year, Brian received a tape recorder. He learned how to overdub, using his vocals and those of Carl, Brian played piano with Carl and David Marks, an eleven-year-old longtime neighbor, playing guitars they had each received as Christmas presents. Soon Brian and Carl were avidly listening to Johnny Otis KFOX radio show, inspired by the simple structure and vocals of the rhythm and blues songs he heard, Brian changed his piano-playing style and started writing songs. His enthusiasm interfered with his studies at school. Family gatherings brought the Wilsons in contact with cousin Mike Love, Brian taught Loves sister Maureen and a friend harmonies
3.
Sunset Sound Recorders
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Sunset Sound Recorders is a recording studio in Hollywood, California, United States located at 6650 Sunset Boulevard. The Sunset Sound Recorders complex was created by Walt Disneys Director of Recording, Tutti Camarata, soon, the audio for many of Disneys early films was being recorded at the studio, including Bedknobs and Broomsticks, Mary Poppins, and 101 Dalmatians. Over 200 Gold records have recorded at Sunset Sound, including albums by Prince with Purple Rain. The Doors recorded their first two albums, The Doors and Strange Days, at the studio, Recording sessions for Janis Joplins posthumously-released album Pearl also took place here. Prior to the opening of 5150 Studios, Van Halen used Sunset Sound to record its first five albums, in 1981, Sunset Sound Recorders owner Camarata purchased The Sound Factory, another Los Angeles recording studio founded by Moonglow Records and later purchased and developed by David Hassinger. The two studios now operate as Sunset Sound and The Sound Factory, respectively, Sunset Sound and Sound Factory website
4.
CBS Columbia Square
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CBS Columbia Square, located at 6121 Sunset Boulevard in Hollywood, Los Angeles, California, was the home of CBSs Los Angeles radio and television operations from 1938 until 2007. The building housed the CBS Radio Networks West Coast facilities, as well as CBSs original Los Angeles radio stations, KNX and KCBS-FM. KNXT-TV, Channel 2 moved into the complex in 1960, after its purchase by CBS in 2002, KCAL-TV moved to the Square from studios adjacent to CBSs then-corporate sibling Paramount Pictures. Between 2004 and 2007 all of operations moved to other facilities in the Los Angeles area. Columbia Square was built for KNX and as the Columbia Broadcasting Systems West Coast operations headquarters on the site of the Nestor Film Company, the Christie Film Company eventually took over operation of Nestor Studios and filmed comedies on the site, originally the location of an early Hollywood roadhouse. Prior to moving to Columbia Square, KNX had been situated at several Hollywood locations, lescazes sweeping streamline motifs, porthole windows and glass brick were true to Modernist design, though CBS President William Paley insisted the Squares form follow function. Columbia Square opened April 30,1938, with a day of special broadcasts culminating in the star-studded evening special, A Salute to Columbia Square featuring Bob Hope, Al Jolson. On that premiere broadcast, Hope joked that Columbia Square looked like the Taj Mahal with a permanent wave, Jolson quipped, It looks like Flash Gordons bathroom. The Squares original configuration included eight studios, Studios 1 through 4 were to the left of the main entrance. Upstairs were Studios 5 through 7 and at the rear of the forecourt was the large auditorium referred to as the Columbia Playhouse that seated 1050. In 1940, two new theatres were added to the east of the auditorium called Studio B and Studio C each seating approximately 350 people. Shows such as Jack Bennys Lucky Strike Program and The Adventures of Ozzie, Lucille Balls My Favorite Husband, Blondie, and Dr. Christian are a few of the shows that broadcast from Studio C. When B and C were built, the Columbia Playhouse then took the designation of Studio A. Studio A was home to The Silver Theatre, The Swan Show starring George Burns and Gracie Allen, The Lady Esther Screen Guild Players, the complex included Brittinghams Radio Center Restaurant, a mens clothing store, and a branch of the Bank of America. Tours of the studios cost 40 cents and passed by a control room housing Columbias West Coast master control. Columbia Square was one of the glories of radio and it was somewhat sacred to those in the industry. There was nothing comparable to its splendor in New York says writer-producer Norman Corwin whose most famous broadcast, On a Note of Triumph, in early 2009, the Los Angeles Cultural Heritage Commission and the City Council designated CBS Columbia Square Studios as a historic-cultural monument. Columbia Square became home to some of the comedies of radios golden age
5.
Brother Records
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Brother Records, Inc. is a holding company established in 1967 that holds the intellectual property rights of The Beach Boys, including The Beach Boys trademark. Prior to being incorporated, Brother Records was a label founded by Beach Boys manager Nick Grillo in October 1966. Its output was distributed by Capitol Records in 1967, and then Reprise Records throughout 1970–78, motivated in no small part by the negative reaction of Capitol Records to some of Brians ideas for Smile, the new company gave the band more control over their recordings. In 1983, shortly after the death of Dennis Wilson, his estate sold his share back to the corporation to repay loans, in 1998, following Carl Wilsons death, his share of the corporation passed to and is still controlled by his estate. The labels first releases were the Beach Boys Heroes and Villains single and Smiley Smile album in 1967, distributed by Capitol Records. In 1969, however, concurrent with their signing to Reprise Records, the Brother label was reactivated, beginning with the single Add Some Music to Your Day, and the Sunflower album. Numerous other Beach Boys albums followed on the joint Brother/Reprise label during the 1970s, including Holland, an album by The Flame, produced by Carl Wilson, was released in 1970 on the Brother label, distributed by Star-day King Records. By the late 1970s, Beach Boys records were issued on Brother, as of 2007, the most recent CD re-release series of the Beach Boys 1970s albums is on the joint Brother/Capitol Records label. Since the 1980s, Brother Records business manager is Elliott Lott, the logo for Brother Records is a rendition of Cyrus E. Dallins life size bronze statue, Appeal to the Great Spirit, in the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston. The choice of the logo was Brians, edwards, David, Patrice Eyries, Mike Callahan
6.
Reprise Records
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Reprise Records /rəˈpriz/ is an American major record label, founded in 1960 by Frank Sinatra. It was mostly inactive from 1976 to 1987 and it is owned by Warner Music Group, and operates through Warner Bros. Reprise Records was formed in 1960 by Frank Sinatra in order to more artistic freedom for his own recordings. Hence, he garnered the nickname The Chairman of the Board, having left Capitol/EMI, and after trying to buy Norman Granzs Verve Records, the first album Sinatra released on Reprise was Ring-a-Ding-Ding. As CEO of Reprise, Sinatra recruited several artists for the label, such as fellow Rat Pack members Dean Martin and Sammy Davis. The original roster from 1961 to 1963 included Bing Crosby, Jo Stafford, Rosemary Clooney, Nancy Sinatra, Esquivel, the label still issues any Sinatra work recorded while on the label and, after his death in 1998, it had great success with his greatest hits collections. One of the founding principles under Sinatras leadership was that each artist would have full creative freedom. This is the reason why recordings of early Reprise artists are distributed through other labels. In Martins case, his Reprise recordings were out of print for nearly 20 years before a deal was struck with Capitol Records, in 1963, as part of a film deal, Warner Bros. purchased Reprise from Sinatra, who nonetheless retained a 20% interest in the label. Many of the artists on the label were dropped by Warner Bros. Reprise president Mo Ostin was retained as the head of the label, warner-Reprise executives began targeting younger acts, beginning by securing the American distribution rights to the Pye Records recordings by the Kinks in 1964. Reprise would soon add teen-oriented pop acts like Dino, Desi & Billy to the roster, as well, Franks own daughter Nancy Sinatra would be retained by Ostin, becoming a major pop star starting in late 1965. The label moved almost exclusively to rock-oriented music in the late 1960s, rex, the Meters, John Cale, Gordon Lightfoot, Michael Franks, Richard Pryor, Al Jarreau, Fleetwood Mac, Fanny, and the Beach Boys. In 1976, the Reprise label was deactivated by Warner Bros. an unconfirmed explanation for this move is that Sinatra wanted to be the only artist on Reprise, and Young is said to have been the only Reprise act who refused to agree to a change in labels. In late 1985, some copies of the Dream Academys hit single Life in a Northern Town were pressed with Warner Bros. labels bearing a Reprise logo,1986 saw releases bearing Reprise labels from the Dream Academy as well as Dwight Yoakam. Vice President of Promotion Rich Fitzgerald was appointed as label Vice-President and it was formerly home to the Jimi Hendrix and the Barenaked Ladies catalogs in the U. S. When the Bee Gees back catalog was remastered by Rhino Records in the 2000s, neil Young stated in a documentary about his life that Marilyn Manson was turned down by Reprise. In September 2011, several took place at Reprise Records
7.
Stateside Records
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Stateside Records is a British record label which initially released licensed American recordings and is now a reissue label. It was formed in 1962 by EMI as a replacement for the Top Rank label, EMI hired former Top Rank label head Fred Oxon to run it and compete with Deccas London American Recordings, and Pyes Pye International labels. Its first hit was Palisades Park by Freddy Cannon, which was licensed from Swan Records and it was through EMIs relationship with Vee-Jay and Swan that pre-1964 recordings by the Beatles were released by those labels in the USA when EMIs American subsidiary Capitol turned them down. Statesides black label design, with a large 45 for singles, Stateside has retrospectively attracted interest from northern soul fans, mainly for its role in passing on American Motown recordings to the UK market. Stateside issued 45 of these prior to the establishment of the UK Tamla Motown label, in the 1980s, the Stateside label was revived as a catalogue reissue label specialising in American recordings from Capitol Records and other labels EMI acquired over the years. The trademark is now owned by Parlophone Records Limited, as a consequence of the EU-mandated divestiture of some EMI Records assets to Warner Music Group and that forced the deletion of titles whose ownership remained with Capitol Records which is now owned by Universal Music Group. List of record labels Stateside Record Label List of singles UK Intellectual Property Office trademark registration
8.
Record producer
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A record producer or music producer oversees and manages the sound recording and production of a band or performers music, which may range from recording one song to recording a lengthy concept album. A producer has many roles during the recording process, the roles of a producer vary. The producer may perform these roles himself, or help select the engineer, the producer may also pay session musicians and engineers and ensure that the entire project is completed within the record companies budget. A record producer or music producer has a broad role in overseeing and managing the recording. Producers also often take on an entrepreneurial role, with responsibility for the budget, schedules, contracts. In the 2010s, the industry has two kinds of producers with different roles, executive producer and music producer. Executive producers oversee project finances while music producers oversee the process of recording songs or albums. In most cases the producer is also a competent arranger, composer. The producer will also liaise with the engineer who concentrates on the technical aspects of recording. Noted producer Phil Ek described his role as the person who creatively guides or directs the process of making a record, indeed, in Bollywood music, the designation actually is music director. The music producers job is to create, shape, and mold a piece of music, at the beginning of record industry, producer role was technically limited to record, in one shot, artists performing live. The role of producers changed progressively over the 1950s and 1960s due to technological developments, the development of multitrack recording caused a major change in the recording process. Before multitracking, all the elements of a song had to be performed simultaneously, all of these singers and musicians had to be assembled in a large studio and the performance had to be recorded. As well, for a song that used 20 instruments, it was no longer necessary to get all the players in the studio at the same time. Examples include the rock sound effects of the 1960s, e. g. playing back the sound of recorded instruments backwards or clanging the tape to produce unique sound effects. These new instruments were electric or electronic, and thus they used instrument amplifiers, new technologies like multitracking changed the goal of recording, A producer could blend together multiple takes and edit together different sections to create the desired sound. For example, in jazz fusion Bandleader-composer Miles Davis album Bitches Brew, producers like Phil Spector and George Martin were soon creating recordings that were, in practical terms, almost impossible to realise in live performance. Producers became creative figures in the studio, other examples of such engineers includes Joe Meek, Teo Macero, Brian Wilson, and Biddu
9.
Sunflower (The Beach Boys album)
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Sunflower is the 16th studio album by American rock group The Beach Boys, released in August 1970, and their first on Reprise Records. It was preceded by the similarly unsuccessful singles Add Some Music to Your Day and Slip On Through, later followed up with Tears in the Morning, in the UK, the album performed better, peaking at number 29. Bandmates Al Jardine, Carl Wilson, Bruce Johnston, and Mike Love also contributed to its writing, eventually, the group presented the label with enough formidable material deemed satisfactory for release. In 2003, Sunflower was voted 380 in Rolling Stones The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time, in 1997, it was voted 66 in The Guardians 100 Best Albums Ever. Following their last album, 20/20, Brian Wilson proposed that the group change their name from the Beach Boys to the Beach, thats how the public knows us, man. He put the paper on the piano and it stayed there until I picked it up, throughout 1969, the Beach Boys engaged in extended recording sessions for what would have been their final album entitled to Capitol Records. Tension between the band and label inflamed on April 12 when the Beach Boys sued the label for unpaid royalties, at a press conference ostensibly convened to promote Break Away to the European media, Wilson said We owe everyone money. And if we dont pick ourselves off our backsides and have a hit record soon, Ive always said, Be honest with your fans. I dont see why I should lie and say everything is rosy when its not. These incendiary remarks ultimately thwarted long-simmering contract negotiations with Deutsche Grammophon, the bands contract with Capitol Records expired on June 30, after which Capitol deleted the Beach Boys catalog from print, effectively cutting off their royalty flow. In November 1969, Murry Wilson sold the Sea of Tunes publishing company to A&M Records publishing division for $700,000, Brian, who had not approved this decision, was devastated. The groups reputation had fallen sharply in the US since 1967 and this deal was brokered by Van Dyke Parks, who was then employed as a multimedia executive at Warner Music Group. The contract dealt by Reprise stipulated Brians proactive involvement with the band in all albums in response to the minimal involvement he had with 20/20. Capitol had such faith in the album that they chose to release it only where the Beach Boys records were still selling respectably well—the UK. Dennis Wilson was the first Beach Boy to head back into the studio. Over this period, the Beach Boys worked on about four dozen studio tracks, the reels track listing follows, The project was then renamed Add Some Music with the subheading An Album Offering From The Beach Boys while they finished several more songs. In early 1970 before leaving for a tour of Australia and New Zealand, they assembled Add Some Music and submitted the album to Reprise, which the label rejected. The track listing was as follows, Around this time, the band assembled an album for Capitol with some tracks that would later be placed on Sunflower and it had working titles of Reverberation and The Fading Rock Group Revival
10.
Single (music)
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In music, a single or record single is a type of release, typically a song recording of fewer tracks than an LP record, an album or an EP record. This can be released for sale to the public in a variety of different formats, in most cases, a single is a song that is released separately from an album, although it usually also appears on an album. Typically, these are the songs from albums that are released separately for promotional uses such as digital download or commercial radio airplay and are expected to be the most popular, in other cases a recording released as a single may not appear on an album. As digital downloading and audio streaming have become prevalent, it is often possible for every track on an album to also be available separately. Nevertheless, the concept of a single for an album has been retained as an identification of a heavily promoted or more popular song within an album collection. Despite being referred to as a single, singles can include up to as many as three tracks on them. The biggest digital music distributor, iTunes, accepts as many as three tracks less than ten minutes each as a single, as well as popular music player Spotify also following in this trend. Any more than three tracks on a release or longer than thirty minutes in total running time is either an Extended Play or if over six tracks long. The basic specifications of the single were made in the late 19th century. Gramophone discs were manufactured with a range of speeds and in several sizes. By about 1910, however, the 10-inch,78 rpm shellac disc had become the most commonly used format, the inherent technical limitations of the gramophone disc defined the standard format for commercial recordings in the early 20th century.26 rpm. With these factors applied to the 10-inch format, songwriters and performers increasingly tailored their output to fit the new medium, the breakthrough came with Bob Dylans Like a Rolling Stone. Singles have been issued in various formats, including 7-inch, 10-inch, other, less common, formats include singles on digital compact cassette, DVD, and LD, as well as many non-standard sizes of vinyl disc. Some artist release singles on records, a more common in musical subcultures. The most common form of the single is the 45 or 7-inch. The names are derived from its speed,45 rpm. The 7-inch 45 rpm record was released 31 March 1949 by RCA Victor as a smaller, more durable, the first 45 rpm records were monaural, with recordings on both sides of the disc. As stereo recordings became popular in the 1960s, almost all 45 rpm records were produced in stereo by the early 1970s
11.
'Til I Die
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With autobiographical lyrics about death and hopelessness, it is one of the few songs in which both the words and music were written solely by Wilson. Biographer Jon Stebbins wrote, Til I Die proves that Brian could not only beautiful music. The track is decorated with a haunting vibraphone and organ bed, as he explains, I struggled at the piano, experimenting with rhythms and chord changes, trying to emulate in sound the oceans shifting tides and moods as well as its sheer enormity. I wanted the music to reflect the loneliness of floating a raft in the middle of the Pacific, I wanted each note to sound as if it was disappearing into the hugeness of the universe. When he landed on a shape that looked cool and sounded good, he wrote it down. So, essentially he created this masterpiece by contorting his fingers into really groovy shapes, however, Was goes on to say Ive absolutely no idea whether this story has any basis in truth or whether he was just making it up on the spot to entertain me. Wilson has stated that the line Im a cork on the ocean was the first thing lyrically that came to him, how long will the wind blow. The hopeless conclusion is given in the songs title, ultimately, the rest of the group insisted that the original lyrics be kept as the new lyrics contradicted the lyrics in the verses. Bruce Johnston has praised the song on occasions by calling it the last great Brian Wilson song as well as describing it as Wilsons heaviest song. Johnston has also stated that the words absolutely fit his mindset, Wilson also felt this was the case when he stated that the song summed up everything I had to say at the time. He later recalled that Mike Loves reaction to the song was, in 2015, Love named the lyrics of Til I Die his favorite of any written solely by Wilson, although he admitted, I don’t like the line it kills my soul but I understand what he’s saying. The song was first attempted during the recording of the 20/20 album, according to some sources, one member of the band was less than impressed with Brians new song. Johnston remembers Brian playing it for the band and one member of the band didnt understand it and put it down, I mean, he was absolutely crushed. This other person just didnt like it and it has been speculated by biographer Peter Ames Carlin that it was Mike Love who initially criticized the song. Due to the reaction, Brian didnt work on the song again for several months. The first dated session for the song was at Brian Wilsons home studio on August 15,1970, Brian would record five takes of the song although the song would be left only partially completed. Dennis Wilson was not present during this session due to filming dates for Two Lane Blacktop, on August 26, the partially completed track was mixed although very little work would be done on the recording until later the following year when it became a full blown production. Years later Al Jardine reminisced, I love the use of the keyboards. and it was just a wonderful piece of music
12.
Surf's Up (song)
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Surfs Up is a song written by Brian Wilson and Van Dyke Parks for American rock band the Beach Boys. Its title is a nod to the groups earlier associations with surf music. From 1966 to 1967, Surfs Up was partially recorded for the groups unfinished studio album Smile before being shelved indefinitely, after Wilson was filmed performing the song for a 1967 television documentary covering the 1960s rock revolution, the composition acquired relative mystique. In 1971, the studio recording was completed and served as the title track for the groups twenty-second official album. It was also released as a single, serving as the A-side to Dont Go Near the Water, in 2016, Surfs Up was ranked number 122 on Pitchforks list of the 200 best songs of the 1970s. In 2011, MOJO staff members voted it the greatest Beach Boys song, in 1967 it was acknowledged by clarinetist David Oppenheim, who called it too complex to get the first time around. Surfs Up is one aspect of new things happening in pop music today. As such, it is a symbol of the many of these young musicians see in our future. Wilson has said, The lyrics for Surfs Up were very Van Dyke and we wrote that at my Chickering piano, I think, in my sandbox and it took us about an hour at most to write the whole thing. We wrote it pretty fast, it all happened like it should, most of the composition was written during the summer of 1966, but it remained untitled until later in the fall. This incident inspired Parks to pen the lines, Surfs up, aboard a tidal wave/Come about hard and join the young and often spring you gave/I heard the word, wonderful thing, a childrens song. The title of Surfs Up was a double entendre suggesting that The Beach Boys earlier, simpler surfing-related material was spent, Brian was taken aback at the title Surfs Up because the song had absolutely nothing to do with the sport, but supported the idea. Band publicist Derek Taylor reported that both Brian and Dennis truly disdained the surf image that the Beach Boys had acquired over the years, in 1966, Brian elaborated on every lyric of the song in great detail to journalist Jules Siegel, Its a man at a concert. All around him theres the audience, playing their roles, dressed up in clothes, looking through opera glasses. Back through the opera glass you see the pit and the pendulum drawn The music begins to take over, empires, ideas, lives, institutions, everything has to fall, tumbling like dominoes. He begins to awaken to the music, sees the pretentiousness of everything, the music hall a costly bow. Then even the music is gone, turned into a trumpeter swan, canvas the town and brush the backdrop. Hes off in his vision, on a trip, reality is gone, hes creating it like a dream. The laughs come hard in Auld Lang Syne, the poor people in the cellar taverns, trying to make themselves happy by singing
13.
Don't Go Near the Water (The Beach Boys song)
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Dont Go Near the Water is a song written by Mike Love and Al Jardine for the American rock band The Beach Boys. It was the first track on their 1971 album Surfs Up, the Beach Boys hired Jack Rieley as their manager in 1970. In order to make the more relevant, Rieley suggested that the band write songs that were more political. Dont Go Near the Water is the first example of this, the song was recorded at the same session as Long Promised Road and 4th of July, both also recorded for the Surfs Up album. The lead vocals are by the composers, Love and Jardine. Brian Wilson contributed the dissonant piano part, according to Peter Ames Carlins book Catch a Wave, the song was chosen to be the B-side of the Surfs Up single, released on November 8,1971. Featured as an A-side in New Zealand, it peaked at #21 there, the song was also released as a single in several European countries, such as Britain and Germany. It was later released on November 2,1981 as the B-side of the Come Go with Me single, the single charted at #18 in the US but never charted in the UK
14.
Rock music
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It has its roots in 1940s and 1950s rock and roll, itself heavily influenced by blues, rhythm and blues and country music. Rock music also drew strongly on a number of genres such as electric blues and folk. Musically, rock has centered on the guitar, usually as part of a rock group with electric bass guitar. Typically, rock is song-based music usually with a 4/4 time signature using a verse-chorus form, like pop music, lyrics often stress romantic love but also address a wide variety of other themes that are frequently social or political in emphasis. Punk was an influence into the 1980s on the subsequent development of subgenres, including new wave, post-punk. From the 1990s alternative rock began to rock music and break through into the mainstream in the form of grunge, Britpop. Similarly, 1970s punk culture spawned the visually distinctive goth and emo subcultures and this trio of instruments has often been complemented by the inclusion of other instruments, particularly keyboards such as the piano, Hammond organ and synthesizers. The basic rock instrumentation was adapted from the blues band instrumentation. A group of musicians performing rock music is termed a rock band or rock group, Rock music is traditionally built on a foundation of simple unsyncopated rhythms in a 4/4 meter, with a repetitive snare drum back beat on beats two and four. Melodies are often derived from older musical modes, including the Dorian and Mixolydian, harmonies range from the common triad to parallel fourths and fifths and dissonant harmonic progressions. Critics have stressed the eclecticism and stylistic diversity of rock, because of its complex history and tendency to borrow from other musical and cultural forms, it has been argued that it is impossible to bind rock music to a rigidly delineated musical definition. These themes were inherited from a variety of sources, including the Tin Pan Alley pop tradition, folk music and rhythm, as a result, it has been seen as articulating the concerns of this group in both style and lyrics. Christgau, writing in 1972, said in spite of some exceptions, rock and roll usually implies an identification of male sexuality, according to Simon Frith rock was something more than pop, something more than rock and roll. Rock musicians combined an emphasis on skill and technique with the concept of art as artistic expression, original. The foundations of music are in rock and roll, which originated in the United States during the late 1940s and early 1950s. Its immediate origins lay in a melding of various musical genres of the time, including rhythm and blues and gospel music, with country. In 1951, Cleveland, Ohio disc jockey Alan Freed began playing rhythm and blues music for a multi-racial audience, debate surrounds which record should be considered the first rock and roll record. Other artists with rock and roll hits included Chuck Berry, Bo Diddley, Fats Domino, Little Richard, Jerry Lee Lewis
15.
Surf music
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Surf music is a subgenre of rock music associated with surf culture, particularly as found in Southern California. It was especially popular from 1962 to 1964 in two major forms, the first is instrumental surf, distinguished by reverb-drenched electric guitars played to evoke the sound of crashing waves, largely pioneered by Dick Dale and the Del-Tones. The second is vocal surf, which took the original sound and added vocal harmonies backed by basic Chuck Berry rhythms. Dick Dale developed the sound from instrumental rock, where he added Middle Eastern and Mexican influences, a spring reverb. His regional hit Lets Go Trippin launched the surf music craze, the genre reached national exposure when it was represented by vocal groups such as the Beach Boys, Jan and Dean, and Bruce & Terry. Their vocal surf style drew more from African-American genres such as doo wop with its scat singing, Dale is quoted on such groups, They were surfing sounds surfing lyrics. In other words, the music wasnt surfing music, the words made them surfing songs. The real surfing music is instrumental, at the height of its popularity, surf music rivaled girl groups and Motown for top American popular music trends. It is sometimes referred to interchangeably with the California Sound, during the later stages of the surf music craze, many of its groups started to write songs about cars and girls, this was later known as hot rod rock. Surf music began in the early 1960s as instrumental music, almost always in straight 4/4 time. The outboard separate Fender Reverb Unit that was developed by Fender in 1961 was the actual first wet surf reverb tone and this unit is the reverb effect heard on Dick Dale records, and others such as Pipeline by the Chantays and Point Panic by the Surfaris. It had more of a wet plucky tone than the built in amp reverb, guitarists also made use of the vibrato arm on their guitar to bend the pitch of notes downward, electronic tremolo effects and rapid tremolo picking. Guitar models favored included those made by Fender, Mosrite, Teisco, or Danelectro, Surf music was one of the first genres to universally adopt the electric bass, particularly the Fender Precision Bass. Classic surf drum kits tended to be Rogers, Ludwig, Gretsch or Slingerland, some popular songs also incorporated a tenor or baritone saxophone, as on The Lively Ones Surf Rider and The Revels Comanche. Often an electric organ or an electric piano featured as backing harmony, by the early 1960s, instrumental rock and roll had been pioneered successfully by performers such as Link Wray, The Ventures and Duane Eddy. This trend was developed by Dick Dale, who added Middle Eastern and Mexican influences, the distinctive reverb, groups such as The Bel-Airs, The Challengers and then Eddie & the Showmen followed Dale to regional success. The Chantays scored a top ten hit with Pipeline, reaching number 4 in May 1963. The group also had two other hits, Surfer Joe and Point Panic
16.
Smile (The Beach Boys album)
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Smile was a projected album by American rock band the Beach Boys intended to follow their 11th studio album, Pet Sounds. Some of the original Smile tracks eventually found their way onto subsequent Beach Boys studio, working with lyricist Van Dyke Parks, Smile was composed as a multi-thematic concept album, existing today in its unfinished and fragmented state as an unordered series of abstract musical vignettes. Its genesis came during the recording of Pet Sounds, when Wilson began recording a new single, the track was created by an unprecedented recording technique, over 90 hours of tape was recorded, spliced, and reduced into a three-minute pop song. It quickly became the bands biggest international hit yet, Smile was to be produced in a similar fashion and its projected singles were Heroes and Villains, a Western musical comedy, and Vega-Tables, a satire of physical fitness. The albums collapse has been attributed to personal, technical. The majority of its tracks were completed between August and December 1966. A deadline set for January 1967 was missed, and Parks soon distanced himself from the project, in June, the Beach Boys reconvened at Brians makeshift home studio to record Smiley Smile. Many attempts were made to complete the original Smile, most of which were derailed by Wilson. As a solo artist, Wilson reinterpreted the project for concert performances in 2004, although he had ostensibly completed the work, Wilson clarified that his 2004 arrangement differed substantially from how he had first conceptualized the album during the 1960s. On October 31,2011, The Smile Sessions was released containing an approximation of what the Beach Boys completed Smile might have sounded like based on the structure of Brian Wilson Presents Smile. In 2012, the compilation was ranked number 381 in Rolling Stones 500 Greatest Albums of All Time list, in 2013, it won the Best Historical Album award at the 55th Grammy Awards. In May 1966, the Beach Boys released their studio album, Pet Sounds. He intended the album as a collection of art pieces which belong together yet could stand alone. Its stylistic shift had alienated fans, containing an expanded palette of orchestral timbres. Wilson was then beginning to be questioned by the group over their new direction, meanwhile, without the groups approval, Capitol issued a rushed greatest hits compilation to follow Pet Sounds, Best of The Beach Boys. It was quickly certified gold by the RIAA, cementing a demand for material in the Beach Boys earlier style, crucial to the inception and creation of Smile was Wilsons meeting with burgeoning songwriter Van Dyke Parks in February 1966. They had been introduced to other by mutual friends David Crosby and Terry Melcher. When Wilson took notice of Parks unique manner of speaking, he asked him if he could write lyrics for Good Vibrations, Parks declined for the reason that he thought there was nothing he could add to the track
17.
Counterculture of the 1960s
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Many key movements related to these issues were born or advanced within the counterculture of the 1960s. This embracing of creativity is particularly notable in the works of British Invasion bands such as the Beatles, in addition to the trendsetting Beatles, many other creative artists, authors, and thinkers, within and across many disciplines, helped define the counterculture movement. Several factors distinguished the counterculture of the 1960s from the movements of previous eras. Post-war affluence allowed many of the generation to move beyond a focus on the provision of the material necessities of life that had preoccupied their Depression-era parents. The counterculture era essentially commenced in earnest with the assassination of John F. Kennedy in November 1963, poor outcomes from some of these activities set the stage for disillusionment with, and distrust of, post-war governments. In the US, President Dwight D, the Partial Test Ban Treaty divided the establishment within the US along political and military lines. In the UK, the Profumo Affair also involved establishment leaders being caught in deception, leading to disillusionment and serving as a catalyst for liberal activism. The Cuban Missile Crisis, which brought the world to the brink of war in October 1962, was largely fomented by duplicitous speech. The assassination of US President John F. Kennedy in November 1963, many social issues fueled the growth of the larger counterculture movement. On college and university campuses, student activists fought for the right to exercise their constitutional rights, especially freedom of speech. The availability of new and more effective forms of control was a key underpinning of the sexual revolution. With this change in attitude, by the 1990s the ratio of children out of wedlock rose from 5% to 25% for Whites. The end of censorship resulted in a reformation of the western film industry. Communes, collectives, and intentional communities regained popularity during this era, Some of these self-sustaining communities have been credited with the birth and propagation of the international Green Movement. The emergence of an interest in expanded spiritual consciousness, yoga, occult practices, in 1957, 69% of US residents polled by Gallup said religion was increasing in influence. By the late 1960s, polls indicated less than 20% still held that belief, the Generation Gap, or the inevitable perceived divide in worldview between the old and young, was perhaps never greater than during the counterculture era. Ultimately, practical and comfortable casual apparel, namely updated forms of T-shirts, many began to live largely clandestine lives because of their choice to use such drugs and substances, fearing retribution from their governments. The confrontations between college students and law enforcement officials became one of the hallmarks of the era, many younger people began to show deep distrust of police, and terms such as fuzz and pig as derogatory epithets for police reappeared, and became key words within the counterculture lexicon
18.
Rolling Stone
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Rolling Stone is an American biweekly magazine that focuses on popular culture. It was founded in San Francisco in 1967 by Jann Wenner, who is still the publisher. It was first known for its coverage and for political reporting by Hunter S. Thompson. In the 1990s, the magazine shifted focus to a readership interested in youth-oriented television shows, film actors. In recent years, it has resumed its traditional mix of content, Rolling Stone magazine was founded in San Francisco in 1967 by Jann Wenner and Ralph Gleason. To get it off the ground, Wenner borrowed $7,500 from his own family and from the parents of his soon-to-be wife, Jane Schindelheim. The first issue carried a date of November 9,1967. Some authors have attributed the name solely to Dylans hit single, At Gleasons suggestion, Rolling Stone initially identified with and reported the hippie counterculture of the era. In the very first edition, Wenner wrote that Rolling Stone is not just about the music, in the 1970s, Rolling Stone began to make a mark with its political coverage, with the likes of gonzo journalist Hunter S. Thompson writing for the magazines political section. Thompson first published his most famous work Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas within the pages of Rolling Stone, where he remained a contributing editor until his death in 2005. In the 1970s, the magazine also helped launch the careers of prominent authors, including Cameron Crowe, Lester Bangs, Joe Klein, Joe Eszterhas, Patti Smith. It was at point that the magazine ran some of its most famous stories. One interviewer, speaking for a number of his peers, said that he bought his first copy of the magazine upon initial arrival on his college campus. In 1977, the magazine moved its headquarters from San Francisco to New York City, editor Jann Wenner said San Francisco had become a cultural backwater. During the 1980s, the magazine began to shift towards being an entertainment magazine. Music was still a dominant topic, but there was increasing coverage of celebrities in television, films, the magazine also initiated its annual Hot Issue during this time. Rolling Stone was initially known for its coverage and for Thompsons political reporting. In the 1990s, the changed its format to appeal to a younger readership interested in youth-oriented television shows, film actors
19.
The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time
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The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time is a 2003 special issue of American magazine Rolling Stone, and a related book published in 2005. The lists presented were compiled based on votes from selected rock musicians, critics, and industry figures, and predominantly feature American and British music from the 1960s and the 1970s. In 2012, Rolling Stone published an edition of the list drawing on the original. It was made available in bookazine format on newsstands in the US from April 27 to July 25, the new list contained 38 albums not present in the previous one,16 of them released after 2003. The accounting firm Ernst & Young devised a point system to weigh votes for 1,600 submitted titles, the list includes a few compilations, and greatest hits collections. The following authors contributed to the made of each album, An amended list was released in book form in 2005. The Complete Recordings would be reinstated to the list in the 2012 edition. E. M, the Rolling Stone 500 has also been criticised for being male-dominated, outmoded and almost entirely Anglo-American in focus. Following the publicity surrounding the list, rock critic Jim DeRogatis and this featured a number of generally younger critics arguing against the high evaluation of various great albums, some of which had been included in the list, including DeRogatis taking on Sgt. Peppers Lonely Hearts Club Band, which had been Rolling Stones top choice
20.
Pitchfork (website)
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Pitchfork is an American online magazine launched in 1995 by Ryan Schreiber, based in Chicago, Illinois and owned by Condé Nast. The site generally concentrates on new music, but Pitchfork journalists have also reviewed reissues, in late 1995, Ryan Schreiber, a recent high school graduate, created the magazine in Minneapolis. Influenced by local fanzines and KUOM, Schreiber, who had no writing experience. At first being Turntable, the site was updated monthly with interviews and reviews, in May 1996, the site began publishing daily and was renamed Pitchfork, alluding to Tony Montanas tattoo in Scarface. In early 1999, Schreiber relocated Pitchfork to Chicago, Illinois, by then, the site had expanded to four full-length album reviews daily, as well as sporadic interviews, features, and columns. It had also begun garnering a following for its coverage of underground music and its writing style. In October, the added a daily music news section. Pitchfork has launched a variety of subsidiary websites, Pitchfork. tv, a website displaying videos related to many independent music acts, launched in April 2008. It features bands that are found on Pitchfork. In July 2010, Pitchfork announced Altered Zones, a blog devoted to underground. On 21 May 2011, Pitchfork announced a partnership with Kill Screen, Altered Zones was closed on November 30. On December 26,2012, Pitchfork launched Nothing Major, a website that covered visual arts such as fine art, Nothing Major closed in October 2013. On October 13,2015, Condé Nast announced that it had acquired Pitchfork, following the sale, Schreiber remained as editor-in-chief. On March 13,2016, Pitchfork was redesigned, some publications have cited Pitchfork in having played a part in breaking artists such as Arcade Fire, Sufjan Stevens, Clap Your Hands Say Yeah, Interpol, The Go. Conversely, Pitchfork has also seen as being a negative influence on some indie artists. A dismissive 0.0 review of former Dismemberment Plan frontman Travis Morrisons Travistan album led to a sales drop. On the other hand, an endorsement from Pitchfork – which dispenses its approval one-tenth of a point at a time, up to a maximum of 10 points – is very valuable, indeed. Examples of Pitchforks impact include, Arcade Fire is among the bands most commonly cited to have benefited from a Pitchfork review
21.
1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die
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1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die is a musical reference book first published in 2005 by Universe Publishing. It compiles writings and information on albums chosen by a panel of critics to be the most important, influential. The book was edited by Robert Dimery, a writer and editor who had worked for magazines such as Time Out. Each entry in the books list of albums is accompanied by an essay written by a music critic, along with pictures, quotes. Only albums consisting fully of original material by a particular artist were included, the most recent edition consists of a list of albums released between 1955 and 2016, part of a series from Quintessence Editions Ltd. The book is arranged chronologically, starting with Frank Sinatras In the Wee Small Hours, in February 2006, Publishers Weekly called the book a. bookshelf-busting testament to music geeks mania for lists and said it. is about as comprehensive a best-of as any sane person could want. They continued, For music lovers, it doesnt get much better, the 2006 version had an average rating of 3.92 stars out of 5 on Amazon. coms social cataloging website Goodreads, with 860 ratings as of April 30,2015. The same 2006 version had a rating of 3.5 stars out of 5 on Amazon. com. Most of the recommendations are rock and pop albums from the Western world. 1001 Albums also features selections from world music, rhythm and blues, blues, folk, hip hop, country, electronic music, and jazz. The rock and pop albums include such subgenres as punk rock, grindcore, heavy metal, alternative rock, progressive rock, easy listening, thrash metal, grunge and 1950s-style rock, classical and modern art music are excluded. These artists have the most albums in the 2016 edition,7 albums, The Beatles, Elvis Costello, Bob Dylan. 6 albums, Morrissey, The Rolling Stones,5 albums, The Byrds, Brian Eno, Led Zeppelin, Iggy Pop, Sonic Youth, Bruce Springsteen, Tom Waits, The Who. 4 albums, Nick Cave and The Bad Seeds, Leonard Cohen, Miles Davis, P. J. Harvey, The Kinks, Metallica, Joni Mitchell, Pink Floyd, Radiohead, steely Dan, The Talking Heads, U2, Stevie Wonder. Originally published in 2005, the book was revised in 2008,2011,2013, the 2011 edition includes 25 albums released from 2005 to 2009, with the same number of albums removed from the first edition to keep the total at 1001
22.
Brian Wilson
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Brian Douglas Wilson is an American musician, singer, songwriter, and record producer best known for being the multi-tasking leader and co-founder of the rock band the Beach Boys. After signing with Capitol Records in 1962, Wilson wrote or co-wrote more than two dozen Top 40 hits for the group, in the mid-1960s, Wilson composed, arranged and produced Pet Sounds, considered one of the greatest albums ever made. The intended follow-up to Pet Sounds, Smile, was canceled for various reasons, as he suffered repeated nervous breakdowns, Wilsons contributions to the Beach Boys diminished, and his erratic behavior led to tensions with the band. He remains a member of the Beach Boys corporation, Brother Records Incorporated, Wilsons work with the Beach Boys helped raise pop music to the level of high art. Wilson effectively set a precedent that allowed bands and artists to enter a recording studio and his songs became inextricably tied with the zeitgeist of the early 1960s, and he helped develop the sound of the wistful Flower Power era that proceeded. In later years, Wilson was regarded as a godfather to an era of musicians who were inspired by his melodic sensibilities, chamber pop orchestrations. His honors include being inducted into the 1988 Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and winning Grammy Awards for Brian Wilson Presents Smile and The Smile Sessions. In lists published by Rolling Stone, Wilson ranked 52 for the 100 Greatest Singers of All Time in 2008 and 12 for the 100 Greatest Songwriters of All Time in 2015. In 2012, music publication NME ranked Wilson number 8 in its 50 Greatest Producers Ever list and he is an occasional actor and voice actor, having appeared in television shows, films, and other artists music videos. His life was portrayed in the 2014 biopic Love & Mercy, Brian Douglas Wilson was born on June 20,1942, at Centinela Hospital in Inglewood, California, the son of Audree Neva and Murry Wilson. He was the eldest of three boys, his brothers were Dennis and Carl. He has English, Swedish, Dutch, German, and Irish ancestry, when Brian was two, the family moved from Inglewood to 3701 West 119th Street in nearby Hawthorne, California. Murry Wilson said, He was very clever and quick, I just fell in love with him. At about age two, Brian heard George Gershwins Rhapsody in Blue, which had an emotional impact on him. A few years later, he was discovered to have diminished hearing in his right ear. The exact cause of hearing loss is unclear, though theories range from him simply being born partially deaf to a blow to the head from his father, or a neighborhood bully. While Brians father Murry was ostensibly a reasonable provider, he was often abusive, a minor musician and songwriter, he also encouraged his children in this field in numerous ways. At an early age, Brian was given six weeks of lessons on a toy accordion and, at seven and eight, at Hawthorne High School, Brian was on the football team as a quarterback, played baseball and was a cross-country runner in his senior year
23.
Health food store
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A health food store is a type of grocery store that primarily sells health foods, organic foods, local produce, and often nutritional supplements. The term health food has been used since the 1920s to refer to specific foods claimed to be beneficial to health. Some terms that are associated with health food are macrobiotics, natural foods, organic foods, macrobiotics is a diet focusing primarily on whole cereals. Whole cereals, along with other foods, are foods that are minimally processed. Whole cereals have their fiber, germ and hull intact and are considered more nutritious, Natural foods are simply foods that contain no artificial ingredients. Organic foods are foods that are grown without the use of conventional and artificial pesticides, most health food stores also sell nutritional supplements, like vitamins, herbal supplements and homeopathic remedies. Herbal supplements have never been regulated until the European Directive on Traditional Herbal Medicinal Products came into force on 30 April 2004, the Traditional Herbal Medicinal Products Directive, 2004/24/EC, was established to provide a regulatory approval process for herbal medicines in the European Union. Many foods which are now commonplace in groceries first entered the market in the late 19th, efforts by early health pioneers such as Paul Bragg, Sylvester Graham, John Harvey Kellogg, George Ohsawa, Ellen White and others spurred an interest in health food. As early as the 1920s and 1930s health food stores started opening in the United States, one early health food store was founded by Thomas Martindale in 1869 as Thomas Martindale Company in Oil City, Pennsylvania. In 1875 Thomas Martindale moved the store to Philadelphia and it is known as the oldest health food store in the United States and is still independently owned. The Martindale family eventually moved the store to 10th and Filbert St. in 1920 and was influenced by the new interest in health. The store manufactured their own coffee substitute made from dried figs called Figco, healthy foods were sold in the lunchroom, with all baked goods being sweetened with honey or maple syrup. Eventually the store evolved into what is known as Martindales Natural Market which is still in existence today, in 1896 a new building was built in Birmingham, England to house James Henry Cooks vegetarian restaurant, one of the first in England. In 1898, The Pitman Vegetarian Hotel, named after the famous vegetarian Sir Isaac Pitman, opened on the site. Frank A. in 1936, the United States oldest family-owned natural foods store still in existence today and it began with powdered minerals and vitamins and also sold natural and organic foods. Frank A. Sawall, a bio-chemist, was described as Americas Outstanding Health Teacher and he lectured extensively across the Midwest and the East Coast. Frank A. Sawall, expanded his stores in Michigan, including Detroit, Kalamazoo, Bay City, Grand Rapids, creating the first health foods store chain in the United States. Sawall Health Foods is now in its generation of Sawalls running the business
24.
Radiant Radish
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The Radiant Radish was a health food store located at the corner of Melrose Avenue and San Vicente Boulevard in West Hollywood, California from 1969 to 1971. It was managed by Brian Wilson of the Beach Boys, his cousin Steve Korthoff, sometime in 1969, erstwhile Beach Boys bandleader Brian Wilson opened a short-lived health food store called the Radiant Radish. It was co-founded by his cousin, Steve Korthoff, and the road manager. The shop was preceded by Wilsons fervent interest in physical fitness once exemplified in the song Vegetables, while working at the shop, he met journalist and radio presenter Jack Rieley, who would manage the Beach Boys and act as Wilsons principal lyricist for a brief period. The store was famously profiled in a written by Tom Nolan for Rolling Stone, The Beach Boys. After watching Ingmar Bergmans Skammen at a theater, Nolan encountered Wilson alone at the store as he was clad in a bathrobe, just three years after writing and producing Good Vibrations, Brian Wilson was selling vitamins out of a health food store in West Hollywood. The Radiant Radish closed in 1971 due to unprofitable produce expenditures, in 2015, when asked what his favorite part about running the store was, Wilson responded, The cash register. The Radiant Radish is mentioned in the lyric to H. E. L. P, is on the Way, a song Wilson wrote for the Beach Boys, author David Toop remarked that it could have been the only pop song in history to mention enemas. The shop appears as an illustration on the cover of the tribute album Smiles, Vibes & Harmony, A Tribute to Brian Wilson
25.
Grateful Dead
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The Grateful Dead was an American rock band formed in 1965 in Palo Alto, California. Their music, writes Lenny Kaye, touches on ground that most other groups dont even know exists and these various influences were distilled into a diverse and psychedelic whole that made the Grateful Dead the pioneering Godfathers of the jam band world. The band was ranked 57th by Rolling Stone magazine in its The Greatest Artists of All Time issue, the Grateful Dead have sold more than 35 million albums worldwide. The Grateful Dead was founded in the San Francisco Bay Area amid the rise of the counterculture of the 1960s, the founding members were Jerry Garcia, Bob Weir, Ron Pigpen McKernan, Phil Lesh, and Bill Kreutzmann. Members of the Grateful Dead had played together in various San Francisco bands, including Mother McCrees Uptown Jug Champions, Lesh was the last member to join the Warlocks before they became the Grateful Dead, he replaced Dana Morgan Jr. who had played bass for a few gigs. Drummer Mickey Hart and nonperforming lyricist Robert Hunter joined in 1967, with the exception of McKernan, who died in 1973, and Hart, who took time off from 1971 to 1974, the core of the band stayed together for its entire 30-year history. The other official members of the band are Tom Constanten, John Perry Barlow, Keith Godchaux, Donna Godchaux, Brent Mydland, pianist Bruce Hornsby was a touring member from 1990 to 1992, as well as guesting with the band on occasion before and after the tours. After the death of Jerry Garcia in 1995, former members of the band, along with musicians, toured as the Other Ones in 1998,2000, and 2002, and the Dead in 2003,2004. In 2015, the four surviving core members marked the bands 50th anniversary in a series of concerts that were billed as their last performances together. There have also been several spin-offs featuring one or more members, such as Dead & Company, Furthur, the Rhythm Devils, Phil Lesh & Friends, RatDog. The Grateful Dead began their career as the Warlocks, a group formed in early 1965 from the remnants of a Palo Alto, the bands first show was at Magoos Pizza located at 639 Santa Cruz Avenue in suburban Menlo Park, California, on May 5,1965. They were initially known as the Warlocks, coincidentally, the Velvet Underground was also using that name on the East Coast, the show was not recorded but the set list has been preserved. Gigging as a bar band, the group changed its name after finding out that another band of the same name had signed a recording contract. The first show under the new name Grateful Dead was in San Jose, California on December 4,1965, at one of Ken Keseys Acid Tests. Earlier demo tapes have survived, but the first of over 2,000 concerts known to have recorded by the bands fans was a show at the Fillmore Auditorium in San Francisco on January 8,1966. Later that month, the Grateful Dead played at the Trips Festival, the name Grateful Dead was chosen from a dictionary. According to Phil Lesh, in his autobiography, picked up an old Britannica World Language Dictionary. In that silvery elf-voice he said to me, Hey, man, the definition there was the soul of a dead person, or his angel, showing gratitude to someone who, as an act of charity, arranged their burial
26.
Bill Graham (promoter)
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Bill Graham was a German-American impresario and rock concert promoter from the 1960s until his death in 1991 in a helicopter crash. On July 4,1939 he was sent from Germany to France to escape the Holocaust, at age 10 he settled in a foster home in the Bronx, New York. Graham graduated from DeWitt Clinton High School and from City College with a business degree, in the early 1960s, he moved to San Francisco, and, in 1965, began to manage the San Francisco Mime Troupe. He had teamed up with local Haight Ashbury promoter Chet Helms and Family Dog and this eventually turned into a profitable full-time career and he assembled a talented staff. Graham had a profound influence around the world, sponsoring the musical renaissance of the 60s from the epicenter, San Francisco. Graham was born in Berlin, the youngest child and only son of lower middle-class parents, Frieda and Jacob Yankel Grajonca and his father died two days after his sons birth. Graham was nicknamed Wolfgang by his family early in life, Grahams older sisters Sonja and Ester stayed behind with their mother. After the fall of France, Graham was among a group of Jewish orphans spirited out of France, but a majority, including Tolla Grajonca, did not survive the difficult journey. He was one of the One Thousand Children, those mainly Jewish children who managed to flee Hitler and Europe, and come directly to North America, nearly all these OTC parents were killed by the Reich. Graham had five sisters, Rita, Evelyn, Sonia, Ester and Tolla, Rita and Ester moved to the United States and were close to Graham in his later life. Evelyn and Sonia escaped the Holocaust, first to Shanghai, and later, after the war, once in the United States, Graham was placed in a foster home in The Bronx in New York City. After being taunted as an immigrant and being called a Nazi because of his German-accented English, Graham worked on his accent and he changed his name to sound more American. Graham graduated from DeWitt Clinton High School and then obtained a degree from City College. He was later quoted as describing his training as that of an efficiency expert, Graham was drafted into the United States Army in 1951, and served in the Korean War, where he was awarded both the Bronze Star and Purple Heart. Upon his return to the States he worked as a d in Catskill Mountain resorts in upstate New York during their heyday. He was quoted saying that his experience as a maître d, tito Puente, who played some of these resorts, went on record saying that Graham was avid to learn Spanish from him, but only cared about the curse words. Graham moved from New York to San Francisco in the early 1960s to be closer to his sister Rita. He was invited to attend a concert in Golden Gate Park, produced by Chet Helms and the Diggers, where he made contact with the San Francisco Mime Troupe
27.
Fillmore East
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It was open from March 8,1968 to June 27,1971 and featured some of the biggest acts in rock music at the time. The Fillmore East was a companion to Grahams Fillmore Auditorium, and its successor, called the Commodore Theater, and independently operated, it eventually was taken over by Loews Inc. and became a movie theater, the Loews Commodore. It later became the Village Theatre, when Graham took over the theatre in 1967, it had fallen into disrepair. Despite the deceptively small marquee and façade, the theater had a capacity of almost 2,700, the venue provided Graham with an East Coast counterpart to his existing Fillmore in San Francisco, California. Opening on March 8,1968, the Fillmore East quickly became known as The Church of Rock and Roll, with two-show, Graham would regularly alternate acts between the East and West Coast venues. Until early 1971, bands were booked to two shows per night, at 8 pm and 11 pm, on both Friday and Saturday nights. Among the notable acts to play the Fillmore East was Jimi Hendrix and his album Band of Gypsys was recorded live on New Years Day 1970. The Kinks played October 17th and 18th,1969, supported by the Bonzo Dog Band, john Lennon and Yoko Ono sat in with Frank Zappa and the Mothers of Invention at the theater on June 6,1971. Jefferson Airplane performed six shows and Taj Mahal played eight shows at the venue, while Crosby, Stills, Nash and Young did four shows in September 1969, Led Zeppelin made four appearances in early 1969, opening for Iron Butterfly. Amateur film footage of their January 31 performance can be viewed at the Led Zeppelin website, the Joshua Light Show, headed by Joshua White, was an integral part of many performances, with its psychedelic art lighting on a backdrop behind many live bands. National Educational Television taped a show on September 23,1970 for broadcast and it featured The Byrds, Elvin Bishop Group, Albert King, Sha Na Na, Van Morrison and Joes Lights. The Allman Brothers were also taped for broadcast but due to technical difficulties, the show, Welcome To Fillmore East was aired on WNET channel 13 in NYC and simulcast on WNEW-FM radio on October 10,1970 at 10,00 PM in the NYC area. A thirty-minute clip from that show of the Allmans can be seen on YouTube, released by The Island Def Jam Music Group,2014. Six CD set released in 2006 on Hip-O Select,3, four CD set of the complete shows from June 17,18,19 &20,1970 plus three bonus tracks from April 11,1970 at Fillmore West. Y. Iron Butterfly - Fillmore East 1968, a two disc set recorded on April 26 &27,1968, released by Rhino Entertainment 2011, jefferson Airplane – Bless Its Pointed Little Head, this album was split between the Fillmore East and Fillmore West. The Allman Brothers Band set was released as the disc of the deluxe edition/remastered version of their Eat a Peach album. On November 17,1972 the Fillmore East reopened as Villageast with Virgin, after a short run the Rock Opera closed and on December 15,1972, Jerry Fuchs presented the opening night of concerts with a performance featuring Bloodrock, Elephants Memory and Trapeze. On December 16,1972, the bill was Bloodrock, Foghat, on December 7,1974, Barry Stuart, reopened the venue as the NFE Theatre – NFE standing for New Fillmore East – with a concert presenting Bachman-Turner Overdrive
28.
Warner Bros. Records
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Warner Bros. Records was established on March 19,1958, as the recorded-music division of the American film studio Warner Bros. For most of its existence it was one of a group of labels owned and operated by larger parent corporations. The sequence of companies that controlled Warner Bros. and its allied labels evolved through a series of corporate mergers. Over this period, Warner Bros. Records grew from a minor player in the music industry to become one of the top recording labels in the world. In 2003, these assets were divested by their then owner Time Warner. This independent company traded as the Warner Music Group before being bought by Access Industries in 2011, WMG is the smallest of the three major international music conglomerates and the worlds last publicly traded major music company. Cameron Strang serves as CEO of the company, artists currently signed to Warner Bros. At the end of the silent movie period, Warner Bros, pictures decided to expand into publishing and recording so that it could access low-cost music content for its films. This new group controlled valuable copyrights on standards by George and Ira Gershwin and Jerome Kern, the label signed rising radio and recording stars Bing Crosby, Mills Brothers, and Boswell Sisters. In December 1931, Warner Bros. offloaded Brunswick to the American Record Corporation for a fraction of its former value, in a lease arrangement which did not include Brunswicks pressing plants. Warner Bros. sold Brunswick a second time, this time along with the old Brunswick pressing plants Warner owned, to Decca Records in exchange for a financial interest in Decca. The studio stayed out of the business for more than 25 years. Warner Bros. reëntered the record business in 1958 with the establishment of its own recording division, by this time, the established Hollywood studios were reeling from multiple challenges to their former dominance - the most notable being the introduction of television in the late 1940s. Legal changes also had a impact on their business—lawsuits brought by major stars had effectively overthrown the old studio contract system by the late 1940s. Pictures sold off much of its library in 1948 and, beginning in 1949. Semenenko in particular had a professional interest in the entertainment business. With the record business booming - sales had topped US$500 million by 1958 - Semnenko argued that it was foolish for Warner Bros, another impetus for the labels creation was the brief music career of Warner Bros. actor Tab Hunter. In 1958, the studio signed Hunter as its first artist to its newly formed record division, to establish the label, the company hired former Columbia Records president James B
29.
End of the Trail (Wisconsin)
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The End of the Trail is a sculpture located in Waupun, Wisconsin, United States. It depicts an American Indian brave hanging limp as his horse comes to a halt just prior to momentum carrying him over an unseen precipice. The sense of a stop was created by showing the horses back legs as airborne, as well as his tail. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980, the statue was sculpted by James Earle Fraser after it was commissioned by Clarence Shaler as a tribute to the Native Americans. It is a copy cast in bronze of a statue by Fraser that gained notoriety at the 1915 Panama-Pacific International Exposition. The original was moved from Visalia, California to Oklahoma City, Oklahoma in 1968, the City of Visalia received a bronze replica as a replacement. A smaller bronze copy of the statue is on the campus of Winona State University in Frasers home town, Winona, a painting of the statues image appeared on the original cover of the 1971 album Surfs Up by the Beach Boys
30.
James Earle Fraser (sculptor)
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James Earle Fraser was an American sculptor during the first half of the 20th century. His work is integral to many of Washington, D. C. s most iconic structures, Fraser was born in Winona, Minnesota. His father, Thomas Fraser, was an engineer who worked for companies as they expanded across the American West. As a child, James Fraser was exposed to life and the experience of Native Americans. Fraser began carving figures from pieces of limestone scavenged from a quarry close to his home near Mitchell. He attended classes at the The School of The Art Institute of Chicago in 1890 and studied at the École des Beaux Arts, early in his career, Fraser served as an assistant to Richard Bock and Augustus Saint-Gaudens, he formed his own studio in 1902. He also taught at the Art Students League in New York City beginning in 1906, among his earliest works were sculptural pieces at the Worlds Columbian Exposition of 1893 and, for the San Francisco Exposition of 1915, one of his most famous pieces, End of the Trail. While it was meant to be cast in bronze, material shortages due to World War I prevented this, after the Exposition, the original plaster statue was moved to Mooneys Grove Park in Visalia, CA. Exposed to the elements, it deteriorated until it was obtained by the National Cowboy & Western Heritage Museum in 1968. The restored statue is currently on display in the entryway of the Oklahoma City museum, the original bronze replica statue of the End of the Trail Statue is located in Shaler Park, in Waupun, Wisconsin. The statue was purchased by inventor and sculptor, Clarence Addison Shaler and his commissions also include coins and medals, such as the World War I Victory Medal, the Navy Cross, and the Indian Head nickel. This coin was discontinued after 1938, but has since been reprised in 2001 on a US commemorative coin, Fraser’s major works include two heroic bronze equestrian statues titled The Arts of Peace, designed for the entrance to the Rock Creek and Potomac Parkway, behind the Lincoln Memorial. The pair was a companion to sculptor Leo Friedlanders The Arts of War, the groups had been designed in the 1930s but were not cast until the 1950s, because of a shortage of metals during World War II. Fraser was a member of the National Academy of Design, the National Sculpture Society, and his numerous awards and honors include election to the National Institute of Arts and Letters and gold medal from the Architectural League in 1925. Commission of Fine Arts in Washington, D. C. from 1920 to 1925, muralist Barry Faulkner, a friend of Fraser’s from their days in Paris together described Fraser like this, His character was like a good piece of Scotch tweed, handsome, durable and warm. James Earle Fraser died on October 11,1953, at Westport, Connecticut, los Angeles CA1991 Craven, Wayne, Sculpture in America, Thomas Y. Crowell Co, NY, NY1968 Freundlich, A. L. The Sculpture of James Earle Fraser, Universal Publishers / uPublish. com USA2001 Goode, the Outdoor Sculpture of Washington D. C. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D. C.1974 Gurney, George, Sculpture, walker, Famous Sculptors of America, Dodd, Mead and Company, Inc. com
31.
Carl Wilson
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Carl Dean Wilson was an American musician, singer, songwriter, and record producer who co-founded the Beach Boys. He is best remembered as their lead guitarist and as the youngest brother of bandmates Brian, unlike other members of the band, he often played alongside the studio musicians employed during the groups critical and commercial peak in the mid 1960s. During the 1980s, he attempted to launch a career, releasing the albums Carl Wilson. Shortly before his death, he recorded material with Gerry Beckley and Robert Lamm, in 1988, Carl was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of the Beach Boys. Carl Dean Wilson was born in Hawthorne, California, the youngest son of Audree Neva, from his pre-teens he practiced harmony vocals under the guidance of his brother Brian, who often sang in the family music room with his mother and brothers. Inspired by country star Spade Cooley, at the age of 12, Carl asked his parents to buy him a guitar, for which he took some lessons. In 1982, Carl remembered from this time, The kid across the street, David Marks, was taking lessons from John Maus, so I started. David and I were about 12 and John was only three years older, but we thought he was a shit-hot guitarist, John and his sister Judy did fraternity gigs together as a duo. Later John moved to England and became one of the Walker Brothers and he showed me some fingerpicking techniques and strumming stuff that I still use. When I play a solo, hes still there, while Brian perfected the bands vocal style and keyboard base, Carls Chuck Berry-esque guitar became an early Beach Boys trademark. While in high school, Carl also studied saxophone, turning 15 as the groups first hit, Surfin, broke locally in Los Angeles, Carls father and manager, Murry, bought him a Fender Jaguar guitar. Dave Marsh, in The Rolling Stone Illustrated History of Rock & Roll, Carls lead vocals in the bands first three years were infrequent. Although all members of the played on their early recordings. Unlike the other members of the band, Carl often played alongside session musicians and he also recorded his individual guitar leads during the Beach Boys vocal sessions, with his guitar plugged directly into the soundboard. His playing can be heard on tracks like 1965s Girl Dont Tell Me, after Brians retirement from touring in 1965, Carl became the musical director of the band onstage. Contracts at that time stipulated that promoters hire Carl Wilson plus four other musicians, following his lead vocal performance on God Only Knows in 1966, Carl was increasingly lead vocalist for the band, a role previously dominated by Mike Love and Brian. He sang leads on the singles Good Vibrations, Darlin, starting with the album Wild Honey, Brian requested that Carl become more involved in the Beach Boys records. In 1969, the Beach Boys rendition of I Can Hear Music was the first track produced solely by Carl Wilson, by then, he had effectively become the bands in-studio leader, producing the bulk of the albums during the early 1970s
32.
Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller
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Lyricist Jerome Jerry Leiber and composer Mike Stoller were American songwriting and record producing partners. They found initial successes as the writers of such hit songs as Hound Dog. Leiber and Stoller wrote hits for Elvis Presley including Love Me, Jailhouse Rock, Loving You, Dont and they were sometimes credited under the pseudonym Elmo Glick. In 1964, they launched Red Bird Records with George Goldner and, focusing on the group sound. In all, Leiber and Stoller wrote or co-wrote over 70 chart hits and they were inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 1985 and the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1987. After school, Stoller played piano, and Leiber worked in Nortys, a store on Fairfax Avenue. In 1950, Jimmy Witherspoon recorded and performed their first commercial song, Stollers name at birth was Michael Stoller, but he later changed it legally to Mike. Their first hit composition was Hard Times, recorded by Charles Brown, Kansas City, first recorded in 1952 by rhythm & blues singer Little Willie Littlefield, became a No.1 pop hit in 1959 for Wilbert Harrison. In 1952, the partners wrote Hound Dog for blues singer Big Mama Thornton, the 1956 Elvis Presley rock version, which was a takeoff of the adaptation that Presley picked up from Freddie Bells lounge act in Las Vegas, was a much bigger hit. Allen pronounced Presley a good sport, and the Leiber-Stoller song would be linked to Presley. Leiber and Stollers later songs often had more appropriate for pop music, and their combination of rhythm and blues with pop lyrics revolutionized pop, rock and roll. They formed Spark Records in 1953 with their mentor, Lester Sill and their songs from this period include Smokey Joes Cafe and Riot in Cell Block #9, both recorded by The Robins. The label was bought by Atlantic Records, which hired Leiber and Stoller in an innovative deal that allowed them to produce for other labels. This, in effect, made them the first independent record producers, at Atlantic, they revitalized the careers of The Drifters and wrote a number of hits for The Coasters, a spin-off of the Robins. Their songs from this period include Charlie Brown, Searchin, Yakety Yak, Stand By Me, for the Coasters alone, they wrote twenty-four songs that appeared in the US charts. In 1955, Leiber and Stoller produced a recording of their song Black Denim Trousers and Motorcycle Boots with a vocal group. Soon after, the song was recorded by Édith Piaf in a French translation titled, the European royalties from another Cheers record, Bazoom, funded a 1956 trip to Europe for Stoller and his first wife, Meryl, on which they met Piaf. Their return to New York was aboard the ill-fated SS Andrea Doria, the Stollers had to finish the journey to New York aboard another ship, the Cape Ann
33.
Mike Love
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Michael Edward Mike Love is an American singer, songwriter, musician, and activist who co-founded the Beach Boys. Characterized by his nasal, sometimes baritone singing, Love has been one of the vocalists and lyricists for most of their career. He is often regarded as a figure in the bands history. In the 1960s, Love collaborated with Wilson and was a lyricist on singles including Fun, Fun, Fun, during this period, his lyrics primarily reflected the youth culture of surfing, cars, and romance, which helped fashion pop cultures perception of the California Dream. Starting in 1968, Love became a teacher of Transcendental Meditation under Maharishi Mahesh Yogi, the experience influenced his lyrics to take on themes of astrology, meditation, politics and ecology. Following this, Loves lyrical direction shifted to attempt to recapture the bands earlier, in the late 1970s, Love began working on solo albums, releasing his first and only in 1981, Looking Back with Love. In 1988, he, along with the founding members of the Beach Boys, was inducted into the Rock. The same year, the song, Kokomo, co-written by Love, in 1998, following the death of cousin Carl Wilson, Love and longtime Beach Boy Bruce Johnston were given an exclusive license to tour under the name the Beach Boys. The other surviving Beach Boys, Brian Wilson and Al Jardine, in 2011, the group reunited to produce a new album and embark on a tour for their 50th anniversary. Following the 50th anniversary reunion shows, Love resumed touring only with Johnston, Loves mother, Emily Wilson, was the sister of Mary and Murry Wilson, a family resident in Los Angeles since the early 1920s. Glee married Edward Milton Love, the son of the founder of the Love Sheet Metal Company, michael Edward, the first of six children, was born in the Baldwin Hills district of Los Angeles, in 1941, thereafter the family moved to the upmarket View Park area. Mike attended Dorsey High School and graduated in 1959, unsure of a career direction, he pumped gas and briefly joined his fathers company, whose fortunes dramatically declined in the late 1950s. Both Milt and Glee Love were active in sports, and Glee had a distinct interest in painting, like her brother, Murry, however, she was also strong-willed and, according to her husband, a dominant personality. The family was close-knit and regularly socialized with Murry and Audree Wilson, Murry Wilson was a part-time songwriter. Mike Love befriended the Wilson sons and often sang at family get-togethers at the Wilsons home in nearby Hawthorne and it was here, under the vocal harmony guidance of Brian Wilson, that the Beach Boys sound was established, predominantly influenced by Brians devotion to the Four Freshmens arrangements. Musical accompaniment during this phase was solely Brians self-taught piano. With the failure of Love Sheet Metal, the family was forced to move to a modest two-bedroom house in Inglewood, Love played rudimentary saxophone in the first years of the fledgling garage band that evolved from the Pendletones to the Beach Boys. He also established himself, along with neighbor Gary Usher, local DJ Roger Christian, as the Beach Boys career developed, all members contributed lead vocals to hit songs, but Love remained the central vocal focus on songs like Do It Again
34.
Al Jardine
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Alan Charles Al Jardine is an American musician, singer and songwriter who co-founded the Beach Boys. He is best known as the rhythm guitarist, and for occasionally singing lead vocals on singles such as Help Me, Rhonda, Then I Kissed Her. In 2010, Jardine released his solo studio album, A Postcard from California. In 1988, Jardine was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of the Beach Boys, alan Charles Jardine was born in Lima, Ohio, but his family moved to San Francisco and later to Hawthorne, California. At Hawthorne High School, he befriended fellow football player Brian Wilson and watched Brian, Jardines primary musical interest was folk, and he learned banjo and guitar specifically to play folk music. When the Beach Boys formed at Wilsons home, Jardine first tried to push the band toward folk, an all-rounder on string instruments, Jardine played stand-up bass on the Beach Boys first recording, the song Surfin. Following his brief departure from the band in early 1962, he dabbled with a career in the air industry in Los Angeles, Al Jardine played bass on the Beach Boys first record for Candix Records. Jardine is the rhythm guitarist and middle-range harmony vocalist. He first sang lead on Christmas Day, on 1964s The Beach Boys Christmas Album and followed shortly after with the Number 1 hit Help Me, thereafter he regularly sang leads on tracks. Beginning with his contributions to the Friends album, Jardine wrote or co-wrote a number of songs for the Beach Boys, California Saga, California from the Holland album, charted in early 1973. Jardines song for his first wife, Lady Lynda, scored a Top Ten chart entry in the UK, increasingly from the time of the Surfs Up album, Al became involved alongside Carl Wilson in production duties for the Beach Boys. He shared production credits with Ron Altbach on M. I. U, Album and was a significant architect of the albums concept and content. As with Lady Lynda and his 1969 rewrite of Lead Bellys Cotton Fields, Come Go with Me, Album were Jardine productions, the first being a measurable hit in the UK. Jardine instigated the Beach Boys recording of a cover of the Mamas, the associated music video featured in heavy rotation on MTV and secured extensive international airplay. Following Carl Wilsons death in 1998, Jardine left the touring version of The Beach Boys, in 2001, Jardines band released Live in Las Vegas. In late 2006, Jardine joined Brian Wilsons band for a tour celebrating the 40th anniversary of Pet Sounds. In March 2008, Jardine settled a lawsuit brought against him by Love, Love had leased the Beach Boys name, and it was deemed that Jardines newly formed band, called the Beach Boys Family & Friends, was a breach of title use. In 2009, Jardines lead vocal on Big Sur Christmas was released on MP3 download, produced by longtime Red Barn Studios engineer Stevie Heger under Hegers bands name, the track also was released on the Hey Stevie album, Eloquence
35.
Bruce Johnston
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Bruce Arthur Johnston is an American singer, songwriter, and record producer best known as a member of The Beach Boys. In 1965, Johnston joined the band for performances, filling in for the groups co-founder Brian Wilson. Johnston then became a member on subsequent albums. He is also known for his early 1960s collaborations with Terry Melcher as Bruce & Terry and with the band the Rip Chords. As a child Johnston was adopted by William and Irene Johnston of Chicago and grew up on the West side of Los Angeles in Brentwood and his adoptive father was president of the Owl Rexall Drug Company in Los Angeles after moving from Walgreens in Chicago. Johnston attended the private Bel Air Town and Country School in Los Angeles, in high school, Johnston switched to contemporary music. He performed in a few beginning bands during this time and then moved on to working with musicians such as Sandy Nelson, Kim Fowley. Soon Johnston began backing people such as Ritchie Valens, the Everly Brothers, in 1959, while still in high school, Johnston arranged and played on his first hit record, Teen Beat by Sandy Nelson. The single reached the Billboard Top Ten, the same year, Johnston made his first single under his own name, Take This Pearl on Arwin Records as part of the Bruce & Jerry duo. In 1960, Johnston started his production career at Del-Fi Records, producing five singles. In 1963 came the first collaboration with his friend Terry Melcher, the first artist the pair produced was a group called the Rip Chords. The two of them made a few recordings as Bruce & Terry and the Rogues, but Melcher began to more on his production career. On April 9,1965, Johnston joined the Beach Boys, replacing Glen Campbell, Johnston did not start playing bass until his first tenure with the Beach Boys, and the very first vocal recording Johnston made as one of the Beach Boys was California Girls. Johnston is frequently credited as one of the original greatest supporters of the Beach Boys 1966 signature album Pet Sounds and he flew to London in May 1966 and played the album for John Lennon, Paul McCartney, and Keith Moon, who was a Beach Boys fan. Johnston also sang lead on three songs from the 1970 Beach Boys album Sunflower, Tears in the Morning, Deirdre, and At My Window. Johnston left the Beach Boys in 1972 to embark on a solo career, I Write the Songs has been recorded by over two hundred artists, and it currently has a cumulative singles/albums worldwide sales figure of twenty-five million copies. Johnston returned to the fold in 1978 at Brian Wilsons request to appear on the album L. A, the following year he was credited as sole producer on the follow-up LP, Keepin the Summer Alive. Johnston has remained with the Beach Boys ever since and was the member to continue touring with Mike Love as The Beach Boys after the death of Carl Wilson
36.
Disney Girls (1957)
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Disney Girls is a song written by Bruce Johnston for the American rock band The Beach Boys. It was released on their 1971 album Surfs Up, the lead vocals are by Johnston, who also plays upright piano, Synth Bass, and mandolin. Disney Girls has proven to be one of Bruce Johnstons most enduring songs and it has been covered by many artists, including Art Garfunkel, Cass Elliott, Jack Jones, Captain & Tennille, and even Johnston himself, on his 1977 solo album Going Public. Cass Elliots version is notable for featuring both Johnston and Carl Wilson, doris Day included a cover of the song on her 2011 album My Heart. Violinist Alexander Rybak did a cover on his second album No Boundaries, the song has long been considered Johnstons solo spot during Beach Boys live shows. It was performed during the bands 50th Anniversary and, along with Wendy was Johnstons only consistent lead during the shows
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