East Midlands (European Parliament constituency)
East Midlands is an English constituency of the European Parliament in the United Kingdom. Established in 1999 with six members to replace single-member districts, since 2009 it has returned five MEPs, the constituency was organized as a result of the European Parliamentary Elections Act 1999, replacing a number of single-member constituencies. Notes,1 Roger Helmer announced on 12 October 2011 his intention to stand down from the European Parliament. After uncertainty whether his place would be taken by the person on the Conservative Partys list for the East Midlands region, he defected to UKIP. This leaves five MEPs to do the work of six and the electorate have been short-changed, the parliament has no power to remove Mr Kilroy-Silk, who is understood to have attended the minimum number of plenary sessions required to be eligible for his parliamentary allowances. Kilroy-Silk refused to comment on it, the European Parliament does not have any power to expel a member, and Borrell took no action.
Elected candidates are shown in bold, brackets indicate the number of votes per seat won
Postcodes in the United Kingdom
Postal codes used in the United Kingdom are known as postcodes. They are alphanumeric and were adopted nationally between 11 October 1959 and 1974, having been devised by the GPO, a full postcode is known as a postcode unit and designates an area with a number of addresses or a single major delivery point. For example, the postcode of the University of Roehampton in London is SW15 5PU, the postcode of GCHQ is GL51 0EX, where GL signifies the postal town of Gloucester. The postal town refers to an area and does not relate to a specific town. GL51 is one of the postcodes for the town of Cheltenham which is where GCHQ is located, the London post town covers 40% of Greater London. On inception it was divided into ten districts, EC, WC, N, NE, E, SE, S, SW, W. The S and NE sectors were abolished and these divisions changed little, usually only changed for operational efficiency. Some older road signs in Hackney still indicate the North East sector/district, following the successful introduction of postal districts in London, the system was extended to other large towns and cities.
Liverpool was divided into Eastern, Northern and Western districts in 1864/65, in 1917 Dublin – still part of the United Kingdom – was divided into numbered postal districts. These continue in use in a form by An Post. In 1923 Glasgow was divided in a way to London. In January 1932 the Postmaster General approved the designation of some urban areas into numbered districts. In November 1934 the Post Office announced the introduction of numbered districts in every town in the United Kingdom large enough to justify it. Pamphlets were issued to each householder and business in ten areas notifying them of the number of the district in which their premises lay, the pamphlets included a map of the districts, and copies were made available at local head post offices. The public were invited to include the district number in the address at the head of letters. A publicity campaign in the following year encouraged the use of the district numbers, the slogan for the campaign was For speed and certainty always use a postal district number on your letters and notepaper. A poster was fixed to every box in the affected areas bearing the number of the district.
Every post office in the district was to display this information
East Midlands Ambulance Service
In 2011 EMAS received over 776,000 emergency 999 calls. EMAS have a total of 67 ambulance stations, although four are vacant, as of December 2014 EMAS have 522 ambulance vehicles, more than half of which are more than five years old. In 2013 EMAS took on 140 new emergency care assistants, in 2014 EMAS announced they were bringing back the ambulance technician role. In 2010−11 EMAS missed key performance targets after a spell brought snow. By June 2015 EMAS had failed to meet their category 1 response times for the successive year. EMAS previously provided patient transport services until contracts worth £20 million per year were taken over in 2012 by two private sector companies, in 2012−13 EMAS had a budget of £148 million. The Trust spent £4.3 million on voluntary and private services in 2013−14 for support in busy periods. In 2015 the service faced a drop in funding of around £6 million a year, in October 2014 the Trust decided to spend £88,000 on upgrading its computer equipment. Emergency medical services in the United Kingdom Official website
Edwin Boston
The Reverend Edwin Richard Boston MA, known as Teddy Boston, was a Church of England clergyman and author. He built a narrow gauge railway in the grounds of his Rectory at Cadeby, Boston was educated at Greshams School and Jesus College, before training for the ministry at Lincoln Theological College. From 1949, Boston served as curate of Wisbech, Cambridgeshire and he became Rector of Cadeby and Vicar of Sutton Cheney, both in Leicestershire, in 1960, remaining in post until his death in 1986. At the 2001 census, Cadeby reported 177 inhabitants, Sutton Cheney 545, in the words of Peter Scott, The story of the Cadeby Light Railway is really the story of one man - Teddy Boston. In May 1962, Boston bought a Bagnall saddle tank locomotive number 2090, named Pixie, u-shaped, with a total length of 110 yards, the line opened on 7 April 1963 and carried its first passengers a month later. In 1967, Boston bought from Lilleshall Hall another narrow gauge locomotive, number 1695, after standing idle for twenty-seven years, it had been reported as rediscovered in the Narrow Gauge News and was moved to Cadeby on 6 May 1967.
There,1695 was renamed The Terror, in reference to Psalm 91, The Terror that walketh in darkness, situated in the grounds at Cadeby was a large wooden shed which housed a very extensive OO gauge model railway depicting the pre-war Great Western Railway. It contained a separate, smaller narrow gauge layout, a 4 mm scale,12 mm gauge line based on the Isle of Man Railway. Latterly Boston owned a canal narrowboat which had an N gauge model railway on board, narrow boats being an interest of his wife, Audrey. He was a friend of the Rev. W. V. Awdry, creator of Thomas the Tank Engine. In Small Railway Engines, Awdry relies on a trip the two together to the Ravenglass and Eskdale Railway, and they appear in the book as the Fat Clergyman. Boston liked to attend rallies, but found transporting heavy equipment expensive. He wrote, Boston has been described as a short, jolly man, much given to Anglo-Saxon language in times of stress, such as a close run race with his traction engine Fiery Elias. He never forced religion on anyone, but his faith and devotion was there for all to see.
Grass grew in the gutters of the Rectory, which was full of Bostons railway collections, the walls were covered with shelves bearing model railway locomotives and rolling stock. In every room, the collection overflowed onto the floor, and it continued up the stairs, when Boston died, he left a widow, who was still living in 2015. She shared her husbands enthusiasm for steam and for years continued to co-organize the Market Bosworth Steam Rally. Boston, Rev. E. R. Rails Round the Rectory - The story of the Cadeby Light Railway ISBN 0-902520-03-2, Rev. E. R. Font to Footplate ISBN 0-907036-23-6 Railway Vicar - free download of 1967 feature about Rev. E. R
Leicestershire Police
Leicestershire Police is the territorial police force responsible for policing Leicestershire and Rutland in England. Its headquarters are at Enderby, the current Chief Constable is Simon Cole. Leicestershire Police was formed in 1839, in 1951 it amalgamated with Rutland Constabulary to form Leicestershire and Rutland Constabulary and in 1967 merged with Leicester City Police to form Leicester and Rutland Constabulary. After the Local Government Act 1972 came into force in 1974 it was renamed Leicestershire Constabulary, in 2012 it changed to Leicestershire Police to be in keeping with modern policing. In 1965, Leicestershire and Rutland Constabulary had an establishment of 748 officers, proposals made by the Home Secretary on 20 March 2006 would have seen the force merge with the other four East Midlands forces to form a strategic police force for the entire region. These plans were dropped in 2007, the operation was inadvertently revealed in the magazine Police Oracle before the festival took place.
Heckler & Koch G36 Heckler & Koch MP5 Glock 17 X26 Taser The roads policing unit drive marked BMW5 series estates and they have various unmarked Skodas, and BMWs. They have a number of BMW motorcycles
Telephone numbers in the United Kingdom
Telephone numbers in the United Kingdom are administered by the UK governments Office of Communications. For this purpose Ofcom established a telephone numbering plan, known as the National Telephone Numbering Plan, since 28 April 2001, almost all geographic numbers and most non-geographic numbers have 9 or 10 national numbers after the 0 trunk code. All mobile telephone numbers have 10 national numbers after the 0 trunk code, regions with shorter area codes, typically large cities, permit the allocation of more telephone numbers as the local number portion has more digits. Local customer numbers are four to eight figures long, the total number of digits is ten, but in a very few areas the total may be nine digits. The area code is referred to as an STD or a dialling code in the UK. The code allocated to the largest population is for London, the code allocated to the largest area is for all of Northern Ireland. The UK Numbering Plan applies to three British Crown dependencies—Jersey and the Isle of Man—even though they are not part of the UK itself.
Possible number formats for UK telephone numbers are as follows, Number ranges starting 01 can have NSN length as 10 or 9 digits, the 0800 range can have NSN length as 10,9 or 7 digits. The 0845 range can have NSN length as 10 or 7 digits, the 0500 range has NSN length as 9 digits only. There are no numbers in the UK with an NSN length of 8 digits. Geographic telephone numbers in the UK always have nine or ten digits, four-digit area codes have either six-digit subscriber numbers or a mix of five- and six-digit subscriber numbers. Xxxxxx This is the used by most areas. It has an area code and a six digit subscriber number. These area codes were changed by adding a 1 directly after the zero as a part of PhONEday in 1995. Just short of 581 areas use this format, and the area range from 01200 to 01998. A small number of areas have a few subscriber numbers that have only five digits. That is, almost all area codes now have only six digit local numbers, six of the four-digit area codes are known as mixed areas as they share those four digits with the twelve five-digit area codes.
The numbers therefore have only nine digits after the initial zero trunk code and these area codes were changed by adding a 1 directly after the initial zero as a part of PhONEday in 1995
Leicester Cathedral
The Cathedral Church of St Martin, usually known as Leicester Cathedral, is a Church of England cathedral in the English city of Leicester and the seat of the Bishop of Leicester. The church was elevated to a church in 1922 and made a cathedral in 1927 following the establishment of a new Diocese of Leicester in 1926. The remains of King Richard III were buried in the cathedral in 2015 after being discovered nearby, a church dedicated to St Martin has been on the site for about a thousand years, being first recorded in 1086 when the older Saxon church was replaced by a Norman one. The present building dates to about age, with the addition of a spire. Most of what can be seen today is a Victorian restoration by architect Raphael Brandon, the cathedral of the former Anglo-Saxon diocese of Leicester was on a different site. A cenotaph memorial stone to King Richard III of England was until recently located in the chancel, the monarch, killed in 1485 at the Leicestershire battlefield of Bosworth Field, had been roughly interred in the Greyfriars, Leicester.
His remains were exhumed from the Greyfriars site in 2012 and publicly identified in February 2013, Sir Peter Soulsby, Mayor of Leicester, and David Monteith, the cathedrals canon chancellor, announced the kings body would be reinterred in Leicester Cathedral in 2015. This was carried out on 26 March, the East Window was installed as a monument to those who died in World War I. The highest window contains a sun-like orb with cherubs radiating away from it, in the centre Jesus sits holding a starry heaven in one hand with one foot on a bloody hell. Surrounding Jesus are eight angels whose wings are made from a red glass, to the far right stands St Martin, who stands on the tail of a dragon. The dragon goes behind Jesus and can be seen re-emerging under the feet of St George who stands on its head. On the bottom row can be seen from left St Joan of Arc, Jesus with crying angels, Mary Magdalene, the window includes an image of a World War I soldier. The tower and spire were restored both internally and externally in 2004–5, the main work was to clean and replace any weak stonework with replacement stone quarried from the Tyne Valley.
The cost was up to £600,000, with £200,000 being donated by the English Heritage, the cathedral has close links with Leicester Grammar School which used to be located directly next to it. Morning assemblies would take each week on different days depending on the schools year groups. The relationship continues despite the move to Great Glen, about seven miles south of Leicester. In 2011, after refurbishment, the cathedrals offices moved to the former site of Leicester Grammar School. The choir song school relocated to the new building, the new building was officially opened by the Bishop of Leicester in 2011
Regions of England
The regions are the highest tier of sub-national division in England. Between 1994 and 2011, nine regions had officially devolved functions within Government, while they no longer fulfil this role, they continue to be used for statistical and some administrative purposes. They define areas for the purposes of elections to the European Parliament, Eurostat uses them to demarcate first level Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics regions within the European Union. The regions generally follow the boundaries of the former standard regions, the London region has a directly elected Mayor and Assembly. Six regions have local authority leaders boards to assist with correlating the headline policies of local authorities, the remaining two regions no longer have any administrative functions, having abolished their regional local authority leaders boards. In 1998, regional chambers were established in the eight regions outside of London, the regions had an associated Government Office with some responsibility for coordinating policy, from 2007, a part-time regional minister within the Government.
House of Commons regional Select Committees were established in 2009, Regional ministers were not reappointed by the incoming Coalition Government, and the Government Offices were abolished in 2011. Regional development agencies were public bodies established in all nine regions in 1998 to promote economic development and they had certain delegated functions, including administering European Union regional development funds, and received funding the central government as well. After about 500 AD, England comprised seven Anglo-Saxon territories – Northumbria, East Anglia, Kent, the boundaries of some of these, which unified as the Kingdom of England, roughly coincide with those of modern regions. During Oliver Cromwells Protectorate in the 1650s, the rule of the Major-Generals created 10 regions in England, proposals for administrative regions within England were mooted by the British government prior to the First World War. In 1912 the Third Home Rule Bill was passing through parliament, the Bill was expected to introduce a devolved parliament for Ireland, and as a consequence calls were made for similar structures to be introduced in Great Britain or Home Rule All Round.
On 12 September the First Lord of the Admiralty, Winston Churchill, within England, he suggested that London, Lancashire and the Midlands would make natural regions. While the creation of regional parliaments never became official policy, it was for a widely anticipated. In 1946 nine standard regions were set up, in central government bodies, statutory undertakings. However, these had declined in importance by the late 1950s, creation of some form of provinces or regions for England was an intermittent theme of post-Second World War British governments. The Redcliffe-Maud Report proposed the creation of eight provinces in England, one-fifth of the advisory councils would be nominees from central government. The boundaries suggested were the eight now existing for economic planning purposes, a minority report by Lord Crowther-Hunt and Alan T. Peacock suggested instead seven regional assemblies and governments within Great Britain, some elements of regional development and economic planning began to be established in England from the mid-1960s onwards
Countries of the United Kingdom
The United Kingdom comprises four countries, Scotland and Northern Ireland. Within the United Kingdom, a sovereign state, Northern Ireland, Scotland. England, comprising the majority of the population and area of the United Kingdom, Northern Ireland and Wales are not themselves listed in the International Organization for Standardization list of countries. However the ISO list of the subdivisions of the UK, compiled by British Standards, Northern Ireland, in contrast, is described as a province in the same lists. Each has separate governing bodies for sports and compete separately in many international sporting competitions. Northern Ireland forms joint All-Island sporting bodies with the Republic of Ireland for most sports, the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man are dependencies of the Crown and are not part of the UK. Similarly, the British overseas territories, remnants of the British Empire, are not part of the UK, southern Ireland left the United Kingdom under the Irish Free State Constitution Act 1922.
* Figures for GVA do not include oil and gas revenues generated beyond the UKs territorial waters, various terms have been used to describe England, Northern Ireland and Wales. Wales was described as the country and dominion of Wales, outside Wales, England was not given a specific name or term. The Laws in Wales Acts have subsequently been repealed, the Acts of Union 1707 refer to both England and Scotland as a part of a united kingdom of Great Britain The Acts of Union 1800 use part in the same way to refer to England and Scotland. The Northern Ireland Act 1998, which repealed the Government of Ireland Act 1920, the Interpretation Act 1978 provides statutory definitions of the terms England and the United Kingdom, but neither that Act nor any other current statute defines Scotland or Northern Ireland. Use of the first three terms in other legislation is interpreted following the definitions in the 1978 Act and this definition applies from 1 April 1974. United Kingdom means Great Britain and Northern Ireland and this definition applies from 12 April 1927.
In 1996 these 8 new counties were redistributed into the current 22 unitary authorities, Scotland and Northern Ireland are regions in their own right while England has been divided into nine regions. The official term rest of the UK is used in Scotland, for example in export statistics and this term is used in the context of potential Scottish independence to mean the UK without Scotland. The alternative term Home Nations is sometimes used in sporting contexts, the second, or civic group, contained the items about feeling British, respecting laws and institutions, speaking English, and having British citizenship. Contrariwise, in Scotland and Wales there was a much stronger identification with each country than with Britain and surveys have reported that the majority of the Scots and Welsh see themselves as both Scottish/Welsh and British though with some differences in emphasis. The propensity for nationalistic feeling varies greatly across the UK, and can rise and it reported that 37% of people identified as British, whilst 29% identified as Irish and 24% identified as Northern Irish
Cadeby Light Railway
The Cadeby Light Railway was a 2 ft narrow gauge railway in the garden of the rectory in Cadeby, Leicestershire. In the early 1960s the Reverend Teddy Boston became rector of All Saints Church, Boston was a lifelong railway enthusiast and wanted to build a miniature railway in his new garden, but the cost proved prohibitive. Instead he searched for a full-sized narrow-gauge locomotive, in 1962 he purchased Pixie, a W. G. Bagnall 0-4-0ST from the Cranford quarry. The quarry owners donated a short length of track and two wagons and the Cadeby Light Railway was opened, Boston built an extensive collection of ex-industrial narrow-gauge rolling stock which ran on the extremely short line in his garden. He maintained an extensive OO gauge model railway at Cadeby, Boston died in 1986, his widow Audrey kept the railway open for nearly twenty years, holding regular open days. The railway finally closed in 2005, subsequently the majority of the collection has been amalgamated with the Moseley Railway Trust at the Apedale Community Country Park, Pixie is currently undergoing restoration as of 2014.
Moseley Railway Trust British narrow gauge railways Trevor the Traction Engine The Rev E. R, rails Round the Rectory - The story of the Cadeby Light Railway. The Narrow Gauge in Britain & Ireland, the Rev. Edwin Richard Teddy Boston - an appreciation - by Mike Rooth Steam rally appearance by Fiery Elias Photo of the Rev. Boston on Pixie, with All Saints Church behind Railway Vicar – April 1967 feature by British Pathe about Teddy Boston, Teddy Bostons involvement in the forming of the Cadeby Steam & Country Fayre
Emergency medical services in the United Kingdom
Emergency care including ambulance and emergency department treatment is free to everyone, regardless of immigration or visitor status. The NHS commissions most emergency services through the 14 NHS organisations with ambulance responsibility across the UK. As with other services, the public normally access emergency medical services through one of the valid emergency telephone numbers. This led to the formation of predominantly county based ambulance services, which gradually merged up and changed responsibilities until 2006, when there were 31 NHS ambulance trusts in England. Following further changes as part of the NHS foundation trust pathway, the commissioners in each region are responsible for contracting with a suitable organisation to provide ambulance services within their geographical territory. The primary contract for each area is held by a public NHS body, of which there are 11 in England. The service was operated before reorganisation in 1974 by the St Andrews’ Ambulance Association under contract to the Secretary of State for Scotland, the Northern Ireland Ambulance Service was established in 1995 by parliamentary order, and serves the whole of Northern Ireland.
The Welsh Ambulance Service NHS Trust was established on 1 April 1998, there is a large market for private and voluntary ambulance services, with the sector being worth £800m to the UK economy in 2012. This places the voluntary providers in direct competition with private services, expenditure on private ambulances in England increased from £37m in 2011−12 to £67. 5m in 2013/4, rising in London from £796,000 to more than £8. 8m. In 2014−15, these 10 ambulance services spent £57.6 million on 333,329 callouts of private or voluntary services - an increase of 156% since 2010−11, in 2013, the CQC found 97% of private ambulance services to be providing good care. These private, registered services are represented by the Independent Ambulance Association, there are a number of unregistered services operating, who do not provide ambulance transport, but only provide response on an event site. These firms are not regulated, and are not subject to the checks as the registered providers, although they may operate similar vehicles.
There are a number of ambulance providers, sometimes known as Voluntary Aid Services or Voluntary Aid Societies, with the main ones being the British Red Cross. The history of the ambulance services pre-dates any government organised service. As they are in competition for work with the private ambulance providers. Voluntary organisations have provided cover for the public when unionised NHS ambulance trust staff have taken industrial action, there are a number of smaller voluntary ambulance organisations, fulfilling specific purposes, such as Hatzola who provide emergency medical services to the orthodox Jewish community in some cities. These have however run into difficulties due to use of vehicles not legally recognised as ambulances, all emergency medical services in the UK are subject to a range of legal and regulatory requirements, and in many cases are monitored for performance. This framework is largely statutory in nature, being mandated by government through a range of primary and secondary legislation and this requires all providers to register, to meet certain standards of quality, and to submit to inspection of those standards
Coaching inn
There are few motels with the function of refueling to motor vehicles, but the feeding function to horses was required for coaching inn. Coaching inns stabled teams of horses for stagecoaches and mail coaches, traditionally they were seven miles apart but this depended very much on the terrain. Hence any suspiciously elaborate tale would become a cock and bull story and this is a cock-and bull story in itself, however, as there is no evidence to suggest that this is where the phrase originated. The phrase, first recorded in 1621, may instead be an allusion to Aesops fables, as this slightly predates coaching inns, the names of the two inns could have been a reference to Cock and Bull stories as to encourage the passing of such anecdotes within their doors. Historic inns in Oxford include The Bear Inn and the Lamb & Flag, examples of historic inns in Wales include the Black Boy Inn and the Groes Inn. The Black Lion in Cardigan is probably the oldest Welsh coaching inn, Inn Public house Stagecoach Inn Coaching Era, The and Mail Coach Travel in and Around Bath and Somerset, Roy Gallop, Fiducia, ISBN 1-85026-019-2 Coaching inns.
Photos of examples of what may be considered coaching inns in geograph. org. uk
