1.
Swamp Thing
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The Swamp Thing is a fictional character in the DC Universe. He is a humanoid/plant elemental creature, created by writer Len Wein, Swamp Thing has had several humanoid or monster incarnations in various different storylines. He first appeared in House of Secrets #92 in a horror story set in the early 20th century. The character then returned in a series, set in the contemporary world. The character is a monster that resembles an anthropomorphic mound of vegetable matter. He fights to protect his home, the environment in general. The character found perhaps his greatest popularity during the 1970s and early 1990s, outside of an extensive comic book history, Swamp Thing has inspired two theatrical films, a live-action television series, and a five-part animated series, among other media. IGN ranked him 28th in the Top 100 Comic Book Heroes, Len Wein came up with the idea for the character while riding a subway in Queens. He later recalled, I didnt have a title for it, and thats how it got its name. Berni Wrightson designed the visual image, using a rough sketch by Wein as a guideline. The Swamp Thing character first appeared in House of Secrets #92, Olsen is physically altered by chemicals and the forces within the swamp. He is transformed into a creature who kills Ridge before the latter can murder Linda. Unable to make Linda realize his true identity, he returns to the swamp, after the success of the short story in the House of Secrets comic, the original creators were asked to write an ongoing series, depicting a more heroic, more contemporary creature. Holland is killed by a bomb planted by agents of the mysterious Mr. E, splashed with burning chemicals in the massive fire, Holland runs from the lab and falls into the muck-filled swamp, after which a creature resembling a humanoid plant appears. Marvel, however, never took the issue to court, realizing the similarity of characters to The Heap. The creature, called Swamp Thing, was conceived as Alec Holland mutating into a vegetable-like creature. However, under writer Alan Moore, Swamp Thing was reinvented as an entity created upon the death of Alec Holland, having somehow absorbed Hollands memory. This new twist on his identity diverged the character from Marvels character and this was Alan Moores second re-invention of a comic book character, the first being Miracleman
2.
DC Comics
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DC Comics, Inc. is an American comic book publisher. It is the unit of DC Entertainment, a subsidiary of Warner Bros. Entertainment, Inc. a division of Time Warner, the company has also published non-DC Universe-related material, including Watchmen, V for Vendetta and many titles under their alternative imprint Vertigo. The initials DC came from the popular series Detective Comics. Random House distributes DC Comics books to the market, while Diamond Comic Distributors supplies the comics shop specialty market. DC Comics and its major, longtime competitor Marvel Comics together shared 70% of the American comic book market in 2016, entrepreneur Major Malcolm Wheeler-Nicholson founded National Allied Publications in autumn 1934. The company debuted with the tabloid-sized New Fun, The Big Comic Magazine #1 with a date of February 1935. That title evolved into Adventure Comics, which continued through issue #503 in 1983, in 2009 DC revived Adventure Comics with its original numbering. In 1935, Jerry Siegel and Joe Shuster, the creators of Superman, created Doctor Occult. Wheeler-Nicholsons third and final title, Detective Comics, advertised with a cover illustration dated December 1936, the themed anthology series would become a sensation with the introduction of Batman in issue #27. By then, however, Wheeler-Nicholson had gone, Detective Comics, Inc. was formed, with Wheeler-Nicholson and Jack S. Liebowitz, Donenfelds accountant, listed as owners. Major Wheeler-Nicholson remained for a year, but cash-flow problems continued, shortly afterward, Detective Comics, Inc. purchased the remains of National Allied, also known as Nicholson Publishing, at a bankruptcy auction. Detective Comics, Inc. soon launched a fourth title, Action Comics, Action Comics #1, the first comic book to feature the new character archetype—soon known as superheroes—proved a sales hit. The company quickly introduced such popular characters as the Sandman and Batman. That year, Gaines let Liebowitz buy him out, and kept only Picture Stories from the Bible as the foundation of his own new company, at that point, Liebowitz promptly orchestrated the merger of All-American and Detective Comics into National Comics. Next he took charge of organizing National Comics, Independent News, National Periodical Publications became publicly traded on the stock market in 1961. The company began to move aggressively against what it saw as copyright-violating imitations from other companies, such as Fox Comics Wonder Man and this extended to DC suing Fawcett Comics over Captain Marvel, at the time comics top-selling character. Despite the fact that parallels between Captain Marvel and Superman seemed more tenuous, the courts ruled that substantial and deliberate copying of copyrighted material had occurred, faced with declining sales and the prospect of bankruptcy if it lost, Fawcett capitulated in 1955 and ceased comics publication
3.
Alan Moore
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Alan Moore is an English writer primarily known for his work in comic books including Watchmen, V for Vendetta and From Hell. Frequently described as the best graphic novel writer in history, he has been recognised by his peers. Moore started writing for British underground and alternative fanzines in the late 1970s before achieving success publishing comic strips in such magazines as 2000 AD, during that decade, Moore helped to bring about greater social respectability for comics in the United States and United Kingdom. He prefers the term comic to graphic novel, despite his own personal objections, his books have provided the basis for a number of Hollywood films, including From Hell, The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen, V for Vendetta, and Watchmen. Moore has also referenced in popular culture, and has been recognised as an influence on a variety of literary and television figures including Neil Gaiman, Joss Whedon. Moore was born on 18 November 1953, at St Edmonds Hospital in Northampton to a family who he believed had lived in the town for several generations. He grew up in a part of Northampton known as The Boroughs, an area with a lack of facilities and high levels of illiteracy. I didnt know there was anything else. He lived in his house with his parents, brewery worker Ernest Moore and he read omnivorously from the age of five, getting books out of the local library, and subsequently attended Spring Lane Primary School. In the late 1960s Moore began publishing his own poetry and essays in fanzines, eventually setting up his own fanzine, through Embryo, Moore became involved in a group known as the Northampton Arts Lab. The Arts Lab subsequently made significant contributions to the magazine and he began dealing the hallucinogenic LSD at school, being expelled for doing so in 1970 – he later described himself as one of the worlds most inept LSD dealers. Whilst continuing to live in his parents home for a few years, he moved through various jobs, including cleaning toilets. In late 1973, he met and began a relationship with Northampton-born Phyllis Dixon, soon marrying, they moved into a new council estate in the towns eastern district while he worked in an office for a sub-contractor of the local gas board. Moore felt that he was not being fulfilled by this job, abandoning his office job, he decided to instead take up both writing and illustrating his own comics. He had already produced a couple of strips for several alternative fanzines and magazines, mouse for the local paper Anon, and St. Pancras Panda, a parody of Paddington Bear, for the Oxford-based Back Street Bugle. Alongside this, he and Phyllis, with their newborn daughter Leah, not long after this, in 1979 he also began publishing a new comic strip known as Maxwell the Magic Cat in the Northants Post, under the pseudonym of Jill de Ray. Earning a further £10 a week from this, he decided to sign off of social security, to learn more about how to write a successful comic-book script, he asked advice from his friend, comic-book writer Steve Moore, whom he had known since he was fourteen. Interested in writing for 2000AD, one of Britains most prominent comic magazines, Alan Moore then submitted a script for their long running, while the first few were rejected, Grant advised Moore on improvements, and eventually accepted the first of many
4.
Steve Bissette
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Stephen R. Steve Bissette is an American comics artist, editor, and publisher with a focus on the horror genre. He is known for working with writer Alan Moore and inker John Totleben on the DC comic Swamp Thing in the 1980s, Bissette was born and raised in Vermont, where he still lives, and was raised Catholic. Shortly after the publication of his first work, Abyss, Bissette enrolled in the first class of The Kubert School, before his first year was completed, his work was being published professionally in the pages of Sojourn, Sgt. In 1978, Bissette was among the Kubert Schools very first graduating class, along with classmates Rick Veitch, Tom Yeates, and others. While still enrolled at The Kubert School, Bissette executed the logo for early New Jersey synth-pop band WKGB, L. Stine, and he worked with Rick Veitch on the graphic novelization of Steven Spielbergs motion picture 1941. Bissette is best known for his multiple award-winning collaboration with writer Alan Moore and he created Tyrant, a comic book biography of a Tyrannosaurus rex, which lasted four issues. During this period, he edited the horror anthology Gore Shriek, since 1991, Bissette has presented a lecture series on horror comics called Journeys into Fear. In 1996–1997, Bissette contributed five covers for a book series about another swamp monster. Bissette subsequently worked with Moore, Totleben, and Rick Veitch on the Image Comics limited series 1963, from 1963, Bissette owns the characters Hypernaut, N-Man, and the Fury. Scott McClouds 24-hour comic project began as a dare to Bissette in 1990, each created a 24-page comic in 24 hours. The 24-Hour Comics Project evolved into a challenge taken up by hundreds of contributors, with several published collections. Bissette retired from the industry in 1999, alluding to what he termed a generational shift. The Stephen R. Bissette Collection at Henderson State University in Arkadelphia, Arkansas, houses Bissettes works and his work with John Totleben earned them the 1985 Best Art Team Jack Kirby Award for Swamp Thing. Taboo won the Best Anthology Eisner Award in 1993 and his work with Alan Moore and John Totleben earned a nomination for the 1985 Best Single Issue Jack Kirby Award for Swamp Thing #34. His work with John Totleben earned them nominations for the 1986 and 1987 Jack Kirby Awards for Best Art Team for their work on Swamp Thing and his work with Alan Moore earned them a nomination for the 1986 Jack Kirby Award for Best Writer/Artist. He was nominated for the Best Editor Eisner Award in 1993 for his work on Taboo, official website Bissettes previous blog Stephen R. Bissette at the Comic Book DB Stephen R. Bissette at Mikes Amazing World of Comics
5.
John Totleben
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John Thomas Totleben is an American illustrator working mostly in comic books. After studying art at Tech Memorial in Erie, Totleben attended The Kubert School for one year and he then spent several years working for comics editor Harry A Chesler, producing illustrations for the Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam, these never saw print. His first published work appeared in Heavy Metal in January 1979, Totlebens style was unusual for the time, and is still distinctive among U. S. comics artists, for its fluid layouts and heavily detailed rendering using a combination of stippling and hatching. He also painted covers for the series in oils and acrylic, Totleben inked the story in Swamp Thing #37 which introduced the John Constantine character. Beginning in 1988, Bissette and Totleben co-created and edited the horror anthology Taboo and it showcased a wide range of writers and artists, from mainstream to semi-underground, and is best known as the original venue for the acclaimed graphic novel From Hell. Totlebens most ambitious project was with Moore again, on the third volume of Miracleman. Though Totlebens eye condition has made him blind, it has left his central vision clear enough for him to continue working in his usual style. He has illustrated a number of titles for DC and Marvel Comics, and worked on Moores satirical Image Comics series 1963, in which he was described as Jaunty John, the blind inker without fear
6.
Berni Wrightson
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Wrightson was born October 27,1948 in Dundalk, Maryland. He received training in art from watching Jon Gnagy on television, reading comics, particularly those of EC and his early artistic influences were Frank Frazetta and Graham Ingels. He published a piece of fan art, containing a headstone bearing the inscription Berni Wrightson, Dec.15,1965, in 1966, Wrightson began working for The Baltimore Sun newspaper as an illustrator. The following year, after meeting artist Frank Frazetta at a convention in New York City. In 1968, he showed copies of his art to DC Comics editor Dick Giordano and was given a freelance assignment. Wrightson began spelling his name Berni in his work to distinguish himself from an Olympic diver named Bernie Wrightson. In 1968, he drew his first professional comic story, The Man Who Murdered Himself. He continued to work on a variety of mystery and anthology titles for both DC and, a few later, its principal rival, Marvel Comics. Like many artists in the 1970s and 1980s, Wrightson moved to New York in hopes of finding work with publishers such as DC Comics or Marvel Comics. At one point Wrightson lived in the same Queens apartment building as artists Allen Milgrom, Howard Chaykin, Simonson recalls, Wed get together at 3 a. m. Theyd come up and wed have popcorn and sit around and talk about whatever a 26,27 and our art, TV, you name it. I pretty much knew at the time, These are the good ole days, with writer Len Wein, Wrightson co-created the muck creature Swamp Thing in House of Secrets No.92 in a standalone horror story set in the Victorian era. And I said, You know, I just wrote a story that kind of feels like the way you feel now. I told him about Swamp Thing, and he said, I gotta draw that, in summer 1972 he published Badtime Stories, a horror/science fiction comics anthology featuring his own scripts and artwork, each story being drawn in a different medium. He and writer Marv Wolfman co-created Destiny in Weird Mystery Tales No,1, a character which would later be used in the work of Neil Gaiman. In the fall of 1972 the Swamp Thing returned in his own series, set in the contemporary world, Wrightson drew the first ten issues of the series. Abigail Arcane, a supporting character in the Swamp Thing mythos was introduced in issue No.3. Michael Kaluta illustrated the series, but Wrightson did contribute much to the issue in both pencils and inks, as well as inking the splash page of issue four
7.
Nestor Redondo
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Nestor P. Redondo was a Filipino comic book artist best known for his work for DC Comics, Marvel Comics, and other American publishers in the 1970s and early 1980s. Redondo was born May 4,1928, in Candon, Ilocos Sur and his brother, Francisco Quico Redondo, was a comics artist as well. He studied architecture at the Mapúa Institute of Technology in Manila until fourth year, Redondo began his career drawing Filipino komiks serials, which were written by his brother Virgilio, including Mars Ravelos Darna series. In 1969 and 1970 Redondo did a four-page serial Mga Kasaysayang Buhat sa Bibliya in each issue of Superyor Komiks Magasin and this company launched a program of on-the-job training for young writers and artists. In the 1970s, Redondo began to do work for publishers in the United States and his earliest U. S. credit is penciling and inking the ten-page story The King Is Dead, by writer Jack Oleck, in DC Comics House of Mystery #194. Nestor Redondo and his brother Frank Redondo often collaborated and credited together as the Redondo Studio most notably on the Ragman series for DC, in 1970, Redondo was approached by Vincent Fago of Pendulum Press to illustrate stories in their new line of comic book adaptations of literary classics. Redondo offered to help Fago recruit some of his fellow Filipino comics artists, which he did, other adaptations illustrated by Redondo for Pendulum included The Great Adventures of Sherlock Holmes, some Edgar Allan Poe stories, The Odyssey, and Romeo and Juliet. In addition, Redondo illustrated a Pendulum comic book history of the American Civil War, and biographies of Madame Curie, Albert Einstein, in the mid-1980s, Redondo inked the Eclipse Comics time-travel series Aztec Ace, by writer Doug Moench and pencilers Michael Hernandez and Dan Day. In 1990, he contributed to the issue of the Marvel Comics superhero series Solarman as well as to an issue of Innovation Comics Legends of the Stargrazers. Redondo collaborated with Roy Thomas on an adaptation of Robert E. Howards Marchers of Valhalla in the mid-1990s, more regularly, Redondo contributed to various Christian comics. Redondo was a panelist for the first Christian comics panel discussion of the San Diego Comic Convention in 1992, Redondo was living in Los Angeles County, California, at the time of his death. In 1979, Redondo received the Inkpot Award at the San Diego Comic Convention, graphic Classics - Redondo Nestor Redondo at the Comic Book DB Nestor Redondo at Mikes Amazing World of Comics Nestor Redondo at the Unofficial Handbook of Marvel Comics Creators
8.
Land mine
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A land mine is an explosive device concealed under or on the ground and designed to destroy or disable enemy targets, ranging from combatants to vehicles and tanks, as they pass over or near it. Such a device is typically detonated automatically by way of pressure when a target steps on it or drives over it, a land mine may cause damage by direct blast effect, by fragments that are thrown by the blast, or by both. The name originates from the ancient practice of mining, where tunnels were dug under enemy fortifications or troop formations. These killing tunnels were at first collapsed to destroy targets located above, nowadays, in common parlance, land mine generally refers to devices specifically manufactured as anti-personnel or anti-vehicle weapons. The use of mines is controversial because of their potential as indiscriminate weapons. They can remain dangerous many years after a conflict has ended, harming the economy, to date,162 nations have signed the treaty. To act as passive area-denial weapons, land mines are currently used in large quantities mostly for this first purpose, thus their widespread use in the demilitarized zones of likely flashpoints such as Cyprus, Afghanistan and Korea. As of 2013, the governments that still laid land mines were Myanmar in its internal conflict. Land mines continue to kill or injure at least 4,300 people every year, even decades after the ends of the conflicts for which they were placed. This claim is dubious, as gunpowder warfare did not develop in China until the advent of the flamethrower in the 10th century, while the land mine was not seen in China until the late 13th century. Explosive land mines were being used in 1277 by the Chinese during the Song dynasty against an assault of the Mongols, the invention of this detonated enormous bomb was credited to one Lou Qianxia of the 13th century. The wad of the mine was made of wood, carrying three different fuses in case of defective connection to the touch hole. Pieces of bamboo are sawn into sections nine feet in length, all septa in the bamboo being removed, save only the last, boiling oil is next poured into and left there for some time before being removed. The fuse starts from the bottom, and is compressed into it to form an explosive mine, the gunpowder fills up eight-tenths of the tube, while lead or iron pellets take up the rest of the space, then the open end is sealed with wax. A trench five feet in depth is dug, the fuse is connected to a firing device which ignites them when disturbed. Further description of how this flint device operated was not made until a Chinese text of 1606 AD revealed that a drive had been used to work the steel wheel. Besides the use of steel wheels providing sparks for the fuses, there were other methods used as well, when the weapons were removed from the mound, this movement disturbed the bowl beneath them where the butt ends of the staffs were, which in turn ignited the fuses. According to the Wubei Huolongjing volume of the 17th century, the formula for this slow-burning incandescent material allowed it to burn continuously for 20 to 30 days without going out
9.
Frankenstein
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Shelley started writing the story when she was 18, and the first edition of the novel was published anonymously in London in 1818, when she was 20. Her name first appeared on the edition, published in France in 1823. Mary, Percy, Lord Byron and John Polidori decided to have a competition to see who could write the best horror story. After thinking for days, Shelley dreamt about a scientist who created life and was horrified by what he had made, Frankenstein is infused with elements of the Gothic novel and the Romantic movement. At the same time, it is an example of science fiction. It has had an influence in literature and popular culture and spawned a complete genre of horror stories, films. Since the novels publication, the name Frankenstein has often used to refer to the monster itself. This usage is considered erroneous, but usage commentators regard it as well-established. In the novel, the monster is identified by such as creature, monster, demon, wretch, abortion. Speaking to Victor Frankenstein, the wretch refers to himself as the Adam of your labours, and elsewhere as someone who would have been your Adam, Frankenstein is written in the form of a frame story that starts with Captain Robert Walton writing letters to his sister. It takes place at a time in the 18th century. The novel Frankenstein is written in form, documenting a fictional correspondence between Captain Robert Walton and his sister, Margaret Walton Saville. Walton is a writer and captain who sets out to explore the North Pole. During the voyage, the spots an dog sled driven by a gigantic figure. A few hours later, the crew rescues a nearly frozen, Frankenstein has been in pursuit of the gigantic man observed by Waltons crew. Frankenstein starts to recover from his exertion, he sees in Walton the same obsession that has destroyed him, the recounted story serves as the frame for Frankensteins narrative. Victor begins by telling of his childhood, as a young boy, Victor is obsessed with studying outdated theories that focus on simulating natural wonders. When Victor is five years old, his parents adopt Elizabeth Lavenza, weeks before he leaves for the University of Ingolstadt in Germany, his mother dies of scarlet fever, Victor buries himself in his experiments to deal with the grief
10.
Abby Holland
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Abigail Abby Arcane Cable Holland is a fictional comic book character in the DC Comics Universe. She is the wife and partner of the Swamp Thing and is the mother of Tefé Holland, Holland possesses natural shining white hair, the color of fresh snow, with two overlapping black streaks of hair starting from above her evenly wide forehead. Hollands psychic powers include empathy, telepathy and telekinesis and she first appeared in Swamp Thing #3 and was created by Len Wein and Bernie Wrightson Abby Holland is born Abigail Arcane, in Transylvania, Romania in late 1955. The birth takes place at Castle Arcane, her familys ancestral home, Abby is born to Count Gregori Arcane and his beautiful wife Anise. Despite having a childhood filled with nightmares and abuses from those around her, Abby manages to keep her sanity. As a teenager, Abby experiences a sense of empathy with others. At first this terrifies her, but then she becomes more attuned to the ability to other peoples emotions. Realizing her village needs a medic, she begins to study first aid, eventually becomes a nurse, later, Abbys father is confronted by her uncle, who wants to teach her the evil magical ways of the Arcane bloodline. Gregori forbids Abby to cooperate with Anton, when Abby refuses to do Arcanes bidding, he ousts her from Castle Arcane and vows someday to destroy her and the entire village. Not taking his threat seriously, Abby begins to live in her own clinic, however, when Gregori rushes home to save Abby from certain danger, he wanders through the forest into a forbidden mine field and steps on a land mine. While Abby believes her dead and herself an orphan, Anton secretly reconstructs Gregori as the hideous Un-Man known only as the Patchwork Man. In the 1970s, the 17-year-old Abigail is still working at her one day. Abby soon begins her friendship with him, swaying Cables suspicions of her involvement in her uncles abduction of the fugitive Swamp Thing. Matt and Abby then witness the destruction of Castle Arcane. Abby is then abducted by the creature that was once her father. During the fight, Abby is terrified, but her abilities allow her to see neither of the silent monsters wishes her harm. Then, she plummets down a chasm, but she is saved by both creatures. As the Swamp Thing carries Abby to safety, Abby empathically realizes the Patchwork Man is her loving father, Swamp Thing then delivers Abby to Cable, who has incited an angry mob from the village
11.
Matthew Cable
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Matthew Joseph Cable is a fictional character appearing in DC Comics Swamp Thing series. Introduced in Swamp Thing #1 in November 1972, he died and was resurrected as Dreams raven in Neil Gaimans rendition of The Sandman. Matthew Cable was a government agent assigned to protect Alec and Linda Holland while they worked on their bio-restorative formula deep in the Louisiana swamps. Unfortunately Cable was unable to save them from the machinations of the Conclave, a organization that wanted the couple to work for their own nefarious ends. When Swamp Thing rose from the bayou, Cable believed it responsible for the Hollands deaths and set out in pursuit, for years, Swamp Thing believed himself to be Holland, and eventually revealed to Cable that he was Alec, which led Cable to let him go. Cable and Abby would later get married and settled in Houma near Swamp Thing and he encountered the Doom Patrol during this time as well. Eventually, Cables mind was damaged, resulting in him gaining the ability to alter reality itself, Matthew only seemed to be able to access his power while stressed or intoxicated. After a fight with Abigail that culminates in her leaving on foot to find the Swamp Thing, Matthew has an attack of conscience, having been drinking heavily, he ends up crashing his car, mortally wounding himself. A huge unnatural fly landing by him said it would revive him, in reality, Anton, who had since died and gone to Hell, finds a way out by way of Cable. He possesses the fly and then Cables body and with it gains Cables godlike power, eventually Matthew manages to send Arcane back to Hell, but at the cost of the effects of the car-crash catching up with him, and only after Arcane had molested and killed Abby. Still possessing enough power to one body and not wanting to live. Apologizing to Alec, he fell into the coma he would remain in for the duration of his mortal life. This life is cut short by a hospital administration harvesting several of his more expendable organs. Abigail takes mercy on Matt and destroys the machinery, ending his life, since Matthew technically died while in the Dreaming, Morpheus/Dream of the Endless revived him to a form of life as his raven. This is more true than Matthew first suspected He lives with Eve in Dreams domain and his purpose—and the purpose of any of the Ravens that Morpheus has had previously—is somewhat questionable. Morpheus seems to keep the Ravens around out of some sort of unspoken need for companionship, the Ravens are created by Morpheus, offering the position to people who died, usually while dreaming, and releasing them from service if they so wished. Matthew is irreverent and somewhat crude, having a life behind him. However, he served Dream loyally by providing advice and occasionally going on missions for him and his loyalty extended so far that when Morpheus was slain, he at first was going to seek release from service to Daniel, who had taken Morpheuss place as Dream
12.
Hawkman
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Hawkman is a fictional superhero who appears in American comic books published by DC Comics. Created by writer Gardner Fox and artist Dennis Neville, the original Hawkman first appeared in Flash Comics #1, most incarnations of Hawkman work closely with a partner/romantic interest named Hawkgirl or Hawkwoman. These versions of the character have starred in series of various durations. Hawkman first appeared in Flash Comics #1, and was a character in that title throughout the 1940s. This Hawkman was Carter Hall, a reincarnation of the ancient Egyptian prince, Hall discovered that the mysterious ninth metal could negate the effects of gravity and allow him to fly. He donned a costume with wings to allow him to control his flight and became the crimefighter. He also had a hawk named Big Red that assisted him in fighting crime. An archaeologist by profession, Hall used ancient weapons from the museum that he curated, Hawkman was a charter member of the Justice Society of America, beginning with All Star Comics #3. In issue #8 he became the JSAs chairman, a position he would hold until the end of the JSAs run in All Star Comics and he was the only member of the JSA to appear in every adventure during the Golden Age of Comic Books. He romanced his reincarnated bride, Shiera Sanders, who became the crimefighter Hawkgirl, along with most other superheroes, Hawkmans Golden Age adventures came to an end when the industry turned away from the genre in the early 1950s. His last appearance was in All Star Comics #57, later in the decade, DC Comics, under editor Julius Schwartz, decided to revive a number of heroes in new incarnations, but retaining the same names and powers. They adopted the names Carter and Shiera Hall and became curators of a museum in Midway City and this Hawkman became a member of the Justice League of America in issue #31, where he often verbally sparred with the iconoclastic liberal hero Green Arrow. In the 1960s it was revealed that the original Hawkman lived on the world of Earth-Two. The JLA and JSA had an annual meeting throughout the 1960s and 1970s during which the two often met. The Silver Age Hawkman had his own series for a few years in the 60s, Atom and Hawkman lasted only another year or so before cancellation. In the late 1970s in Showcase and Worlds Finest Comics, Thanagar went to war with the planet Rann and this led to Hawkman and Hawkwoman severing ties with their homeworld, and later fighting The Shadow War of Hawkman as Thanagar tried secretly to conquer the Earth. The landmark 1985 series Crisis on Infinite Earths resulted in a revision of much DC continuity. Hawkman was to some of the greatest confusion as successive writers sought to explain his various appearances
13.
Challengers of the Unknown
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The Challengers of the Unknown is a group of fictional characters in comic books published by DC Comics. The quartet of adventurers explored science fictional and apparent paranormal occurrences while facing several fantastic menaces, various sources credit the group as the sole creation of artist and storyteller Jack Kirby, a co-creation with writer Dave Wood or a co-creation with Kirbys former partner Joe Simon. Following the end of the Challengers comic, DC has revived the characters in different incarnations over the years. The adventuring quartet the Challengers of the Unknown debuted in Showcase #6, in a story attributed to Jack Kirby for art and to Kirby and Dick Wood for script. The series continued in the bimonthly Showcase for three more appearances then moved to its own title, starting with issue #1, Kirby moved on after issue #8, with Bob Brown succeeding him as artist. The title continued through issue #75, followed by two reprint issues, the series was canceled with issue #77 in 1971. In 1973, three reprint issues were published, in a short-lived 1977 revival, the Challengers were again a four-man, one-woman team in Super-Team Family #8-10. The group then received its own back with issue #81. During this period, they were joined by Deadman and Swamp Thing, no explanation was given for Corinna Starks departure, nor Junes joining the team. The revived series was canceled with issue #87 in 1978, Adventure Comics Digest #493-497 featured an expanded version of the teams origin. The Challengers returned in a series, Challengers of the Unknown vol. 2, by writer Jeph Loeb and artist Tim Sale and it ran eight issues and was reprinted in trade paperback as Challengers of the Unknown Must Die. This series depicted the Challengers in middle age, breaking up after a tragic accident, Loeb hoped for a monthly title, and planned at least a second limited series, but neither volume materialized. In 2000, DC published a one-shot, Silver Age, Challengers of the Unknown, the roster included Ace Morgan, Prof Haley, Rocky Davis and Red Ryan. Ryan was killed and briefly replaced by his younger brother Marty, Red Ryan returned from the dead and Tino was written out after suffering an injury that left him blind. Toward the end of the series, a woman with an occult background named Corinna Stark acted as a fifth member of the team. Prepublication solicitations for various Countdown tie-ins referred to the group of Donna Troy, Jason Todd, Kyle Rayner and this group went on a quest through the newly formed multiverse in order to find Ray Palmer, who Bob claimed was essential to the survival of the universe. Eventually the earth heroes were betrayed by Bob, who sought to kill Ray Palmer, rather than him or acquire his aid
14.
Batman
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Batman is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. The character was created by artist Bob Kane and writer Bill Finger, originally named the Bat-Man, the character is also referred to by such epithets as the Caped Crusader, the Dark Knight, and the Worlds Greatest Detective. Batmans secret identity is Bruce Wayne, a wealthy American playboy, philanthropist, after witnessing the murder of his parents Thomas Wayne and Martha Wayne as a child, he swore vengeance against criminals, an oath tempered by a sense of justice. Wayne trains himself physically and intellectually and crafts a bat-inspired persona to fight crime, Batman operates in the fictional Gotham City, with assistance from various supporting characters, including his butler Alfred, police commissioner Gordon, and vigilante allies such as Robin. A large assortment of villains make up Batmans rogues gallery, including his archenemy, Batman became popular soon after his introduction in 1939 and gained his own comic book title, Batman, the following year. As the decades went on, differing interpretations of the character emerged, the late 1960s Batman television series used a camp aesthetic, which continued to be associated with the character for years after the show ended. Various creators worked to return the character to his dark roots, the success of Warner Bros. live-action Batman feature films have helped maintain the publics interest in the character. The character has also intrigued psychiatrists, with trying to understand the characters psyche. In 2015, FanSided ranked Batman as number one on their list of 50 Greatest Super Heroes In Comic Book History. Kevin Conroy, Bruce Greenwood, Peter Weller, Anthony Ruivivar, Jason OMara, Batman has been portrayed in both film and television by Lewis Wilson, Robert Lowery, Adam West, Michael Keaton, Val Kilmer, George Clooney, Christian Bale, and Ben Affleck. In early 1939, the success of Superman in Action Comics prompted editors at National Comics Publications to request more superheroes for its titles, in response, Bob Kane created the Bat-Man. Collaborator Bill Finger recalled that Kane had an idea for a character called Batman, I went over to Kanes, and he had drawn a character who looked very much like Superman with kind of. Reddish tights, I believe, with boots, with a small domino mask, swinging on a rope. He had two wings that were sticking out, looking like bat wings. And under it was a big sign, the bat-wing-like cape was suggested by Bob Kane, inspired by Leonardo Da Vincis sketch of an ornithopter flying device as a child. Finger suggested giving the character a cowl instead of a domino mask, a cape instead of wings. Finger said he devised the name Bruce Wayne for the secret identity, Bruce Waynes first name came from Robert Bruce. Wayne, being a playboy, was a man of gentry, I searched for a name that would suggest colonialism
15.
The Brave and the Bold
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The Brave and the Bold is the title shared by many comic book series published by DC Comics. The first of these was published as a series from 1955 to 1983. It was followed by a mini-series in 1991 and 1999, and was revived as a title in 2007. The focus of each version of the series has varied over time, the first volume of the series ran for 200 issues from August/September 1955 to July 1983. Originally, The Brave and the Bold was a series featuring adventure tales from past ages with characters such as the Silent Knight, the Viking Prince, the Golden Gladiator. With issue #25, the series was reinvented as a title for new characters and concepts, starting with the Suicide Squad created by writer Robert Kanigher. Gardner Fox and Joe Kubert created a new version of Hawkman in issue #34 with the character receiving his own title three years later, editor Julius Schwartz hired Gardner Fox and artist Mike Sekowsky to create the Justice League of America. The team debuted in The Brave and the Bold #28, issues #45 through #49 were devoted to Strange Sports Stories combining sport and science-fiction in tales such as Challenge of the Headless Baseball Team and The Man Who Drove Through Time. Strange Sports Stories was later resurrected briefly as a DC Comics title in its own right in 1973, the series was changed yet again with issue #50 as a team-up title between established characters. Starting with issue #59 The Brave and the Bold became, more specifically a Batman team-up book with the Caped Crusader as the main focus. This was due to the popularity of the Batman television series, after issue #74, The Brave and the Bold was exclusively a Batman team-up title until it ended with issue #200. The teaming of Robin, Kid Flash, and Aqualad in issue #54 by writer Bob Haney, the three heroes subsequently appeared under the name Teen Titans in issue #60 by Haney and artist Nick Cardy and were joined by Wonder Womans younger sister Wonder Girl in her first appearance. The Metamorpho character was created by Haney and artist Ramona Fradon in The Brave, the title was the first to feature Neal Adams version of Batman, generating fan interest that led to Adams style defining the modern Batman image to this day. In addition, Adams updated Green Arrows visual appearance by designing a new costume for the character in issue #85, the primary artist for the second half of the run was Jim Aparo, starting with #98. Haney frequently disregarded continuity by scripting stories which contradicted DCs canon or by writing major heroes in an out-of-character fashion, Issue #100 featured Batman and 4 Famous Co-Stars in a story by Haney and Aparo. Issues #112 to #117 of the series were in the 100 Page Super Spectacular format, the character Nemesis, also known as Thomas Tresser, debuted in an eight-page backup story in issue #166 written by Cary Burkett and drawn by Dan Spiegle. The Tresser character was created by Burkett in 1979, and named for an actor with whom Burkett was rooming in New Hampshire. Alan Brennert wrote four issues of The Brave and the Bold featuring Batman teaming with the Creeper, the Hawk and Dove, the Robin of Earth Two, and the Catwoman
16.
Superman
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Superman is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. The character was created by writer Jerry Siegel and artist Joe Shuster, high school living in Cleveland, Ohio. They sold Superman to Detective Comics, the future DC Comics, Superman debuted in Action Comics #1 and subsequently appeared in various radio serials, newspaper strips, television programs, films, and video games. With this success, Superman helped to create the superhero archetype, the character is also referred to by such epithets as the Man of Steel, the Man of Tomorrow, and The Last Son of Krypton. Discovered and adopted by a Kansas farm couple, the child is raised as Clark Kent, very early on he started to display various superhuman abilities, which, upon reaching maturity, he resolved to use for the benefit of humanity through a secret Superman identity. Superman resides and operates in the fictional American city of Metropolis, as Clark Kent, he is a journalist for the Daily Planet, a Metropolis newspaper. Supermans love interest is generally Lois Lane, and his archenemy is supervillain Lex Luthor and he is typically a member of the Justice League and close ally of Batman and Wonder Woman. Like other characters in the DC Universe, several versions of Superman have been depicted over the years. Supermans appearance is distinctive and iconic, he wears a blue costume with a red-and-yellow emblem on the chest, consisting of the letter S in a shield shape. This shield is used in media to symbolize the character. Superman is widely considered an American cultural icon and he has fascinated scholars, with cultural theorists, commentators, and critics alike exploring the characters impact and role in the United States and worldwide. The characters ownership has often been the subject of dispute, with Siegel, the character has been adapted extensively and portrayed in other forms of media as well, including films, television series, and video games. Several actors have portrayed Superman in motion pictures and TV series including Kirk Alyn, George Reeves, Christopher Reeve, Dean Cain, Tom Welling, Brandon Routh, Henry Cavill, Siegels fanzine did not sell well. Siegel and Shuster shifted to making comic strips, which they self-published in a book they called Popular Comics, the pair dreamed of becoming professional authors and believed that syndicated newspaper strips offered more lucrative and stable work than pulp magazines. The art quality standards were lower, making them more accessible to the inexperienced Shuster. In early 1933 or in 1934, Siegel developed a new character, also named Superman, but now a heroic character and this first prototype of Superman had no fantastic abilities and wore casual clothing. Siegel and Shuster often compared this version to Slam Bradley, a character they created in 1936. Siegel shared his idea with Shuster and they decided to turn it into a comic strip, the first publisher they solicited was Humor Publishing in Chicago, after having read one of their comic books, Detective Dan
17.
DC Comics Presents
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A recurring back-up feature Whatever Happened to. Had stories revealing the status of minor and little-used characters. DC Comics Presents debuted with a July/August 1978 cover date and was edited by Julius Schwartz, the series was launched with a team-up of Superman and the Flash by writer Martin Pasko and artist José Luis García-López. The winner of the DC Comics Presents letter column name contest appeared in the Superman/Hawkman story in issue #11, backup feature began in issue #25 and would appear in most issues for the next two years until its last installment in issue #48. Issue #26 included an insert introduction story to the then-upcoming New Teen Titans series by Marv Wolfman, len Wein and Jim Starlin co-created the supervillain Mongul in issue #27 as part of a three-issue storyline. Another insert in issue #41 previewed the new direction Wonder Woman, in issue #47, Superman traveled to Eternia and met the Masters of the Universe. Ambush Bug made his first appearance in issue #52 and made appearances in issue #59. The Superman/Challengers of the Unknown tale in issue #84 was drawn by Jack Kirby, the series also contained the Alan Moore Superman/Swamp Thing story The Jungle Line in DC Comics Presents #85, pencilled by Rick Veitch and inked by Al Williamson. Issue #87 featured the first appearance and origin of the divergent Kal-El of the Earth Prime reality, who would become known as Superboy-Prime. The final issue is an exception to the format, instead featuring Superman in an Untold Tale involving the Phantom Zone, by Steve Gerber. In 2004, the title DC Comics Presents was revived for eight one-shot issues, in July 2010, DC announced the launch of a new DC Comics Presents, a line of 100-page reprint issues reprinting stories that have not seen print since their original publication. Writer Mike Tiefenbacher had several proposals for other Whatever Happened To and these included Captain Action, Blackhawk, Genius Jones, Nighthawk, Ragman, the Sea Devils, the Silent Knight, and Wildcat. In September and October 2004, the title DC Comics Presents was revived for a series of eight issues, each a tribute to DC editor Julius Schwartz. In July 2010, DC announced the launch of a new DC Comics Presents series featuring stories that have not seen print since their original publication, DC Comics Presents, Brightest Day #2, which spotlights Martian Manhunter and Firestorm, and reprints Martian Manhunter #24 and Firestorm #11–13. DC Comics Presents, Ethan Van Sciver, which spotlights the art of Ethan Van Sciver and reprints Batman and Catwoman, DC Comics Presents, The Flash and Green Lantern, Faster Friends, which spotlights Kyle Rayner and Wally West, and reprints both issues of the titular mini-series. DC Comics Presents, Green Lantern, which spotlights Kyle Rayner and Jade, DC Comics Presents, Jack Cross, which spotlights Jack Cross and reprints issues #1–4 of his self-titled series. DC Comics Presents, J. H. Williams III, which spotlights the art of J. H. Williams III and reprints Chase #1 and #6–8. DC Comics Presents, Legion of Super-Heroes, which spotlights Dan Abnett, reprints Legion of Super-Heroes #122 and 123 and Legionnaires #79 and 80
18.
Steve Englehart
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Steve Englehart is an American writer of comic books and novels. He is best known for his work at Marvel Comics and DC Comics in the 1970s and 1980s and his pseudonyms have included John Harkness and Cliff Garnett. Steve Englehart majored in psychology at Wesleyan University, where he was a member of The Kappa Alpha Society, Engleharts first work in comics was as an art assistant to Neal Adams on a 10-page story by writer Denny ONeil in Warren Publishings black-and-white horror comics magazine Vampirella #10. After briefly serving as a member of the Crusty Bunkers, Englehart found his calling as a writer. He began with a credit, with Gardner Fox, on the six-page. Then, as Marvel editor Roy Thomas said in a 2007 interview, Englehart became. a summer replacement or some such for Gary Friedrich. When Gary wanted to go away for a while, he got Steve, who was sort of an aspiring artist when he came up to Neal s studio. Then he wanted to write, and I believe he wrote a few pages of a sample script, anyway, I gave him The Beast to try out on, and that worked out pretty well. Englehart said he had first done uncredited co-scripting on a number of stories, fury #94 came in, de facto editor-in-chief Roy Thomas wanted major revisions in the script and had me do them. Evidently he liked the result, because right after that, Gary turned back a job hed been holding onto - dialoguing a little story plotted by Al Hewetson - and that was Terror of the Pterodactyl and my first credited job. Over the next six months, even as my credited stories began to appear, I continued to do uncredited collaborations - sometimes by design and this uncredited work included Friedrichs Sgt. Fury and his Howling Commandos #97, Iron Man #45,2, #152, plus two romance comics stories and a Western tale. 2, #1 During his first credited work, on a series starring erstwhile X-Men member the Beast in Amazing Adventures vol. 2, #12-17, Englehart integrated the Patsy Walker character, the star of a teen romantic-comedy series into the Marvel Universe alongside the companys superheroes. He and artist Sal Buscema launched The Defenders as a series in August 1972. Englehart has stated that he added the Valkyrie to the Defenders to provide texture to the group. He wrote The Avengers from issue #105 to #152, in the fall of 1972, Englehart and writers Gerry Conway and Len Wein crafted a metafictional unofficial crossover spanning titles from both major comics companies. Each comic featured Englehart, Conway, and Wein, as well as Weins first wife Glynis, interacting with Marvel or DC characters at the Rutland Halloween Parade in Rutland, Vermont
19.
Genocide
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Genocide is intentional action to destroy a people in whole or in part. The hybrid word genocide is a combination of the Greek word génos, the United Nations Genocide Convention, which was established in 1948, defines genocide as acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group. The term genocide was coined in a 1943 book responding to mass murder of populations in the 20th century, in 1943, Raphael Lemkin created the term genocide in his book Axis Rule in Occupied Europe. The book describes the implementation of Nazi policies in occupied Europe, the term described the systematic destruction of a nation or people, and the word was quickly adopted by many in the international community. The word genocide is the combination of the Greek prefix geno-, Lemkin defined genocide as follows, Generally speaking, genocide does not necessarily mean the immediate destruction of a nation, except when accomplished by mass killings of all members of a nation. The preamble to the 1948 Genocide Convention notes that instances of genocide have taken place throughout history. Lemkins lifelong interest in the murder of populations in the 20th century was initially in response to the killing of Armenians in 1915. He dedicated his life to mobilizing the international community, to together to prevent the occurrence of such events. In a 1949 interview, Lemkin said I became interested in genocide because it happened so many times and it happened to the Armenians, then after the Armenians, Hitler took action. In 1948, the UN General Assembly adopted the Convention on the Prevention, the CPPCG was adopted by the UN General Assembly on 9 December 1948 and came into effect on 12 January 1951. The USSR argued that the Conventions definition should follow the etymology of the term, and may have feared greater international scrutiny of its own Great Purge. Other nations feared that including political groups in the definition would invite international intervention in domestic politics. ”The conventions purpose and scope was later described by the United Nations Security Council as follows, In 2007 the European Court of Human Rights, noted in its judgement on Jorgic v. In the same judgement the ECHR reviewed the judgements of several international and municipal courts judgements, in the case of Onesphore Rwabukombe the German Supreme Court adhered to its previous judgement and didnt follow the narrow interpretation of the ICTY and the ICJ. The phrase in whole or in part has been subject to discussion by scholars of international humanitarian law. The International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia found in Prosecutor v. Radislav Krstic – Trial Chamber I – Judgment – IT-98-33 ICTY8 that Genocide had been committed. The aim of the Genocide Convention is to prevent the destruction of entire human groups. The Appeals Chamber goes into details of other cases and the opinions of respected commentators on the Genocide Convention to explain how they came to this conclusion. The judges continue in paragraph 12, The determination of when the part is substantial enough to meet this requirement may involve a number of considerations
20.
Solomon Grundy (comics)
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Solomon Grundy is a fictional character, usually depicted as supervillain in the DC Comics universe and an antihero in the DC animated universe. He was originally depicted as a murder victim brought back to life as a revenant or zombie. He also has ties to Swamp Thing, created by Alfred Bester, he first appeared in All-American Comics #61. Grundy is the focus of one of the four Faces of Evil one-shots that explore the aftermath of Final Crisis, written by Scott Kolins and Geoff Johns and it is the introduction to a seven part mini-series featuring the character. In the late 19th century, a merchant named Cyrus Gold is murdered and his body is disposed of in Slaughter Swamp. Fifty years later, the corpse is reanimated as a huge shambling figure with almost no memory of its past life, Gold murders two escaped criminals who are hiding out in the marsh and steals their clothes. He shows up in a camp and, when asked about his name. One of the men at the camp mentions the nursery rhyme character Solomon Grundy, Grundy proves to be a difficult opponent, unkillable and with an inherent resistance to Scotts powers. He apparently kills Green Lantern, who gives off a green flash, liking this flash, Grundy commits murders hoping to see the flash again. However the first fight ends when Grundy is hurled under a train by Green Lantern, Grundy is revived when a criminal scientist, known as the Professor, injects Grundy with concentrated chlorophyll. After this second encounter Grundy is trapped in a green plasma bubble for a time, making his way across country, Grundy heads for the headquarters of the Justice Society of America. Green Lantern arrives early for the meeting and when the members arrive, they find their headquarters smashed to pieces. The radio continues its report, listing cities where Grundy was seen, so each member picks a city, the scene now shifts back to the moment at JSA HQ where Green Lantern had opened the door. To his surprise, Doiby Dickles walks in, and informs him that Grundy has freed himself and is on the loose, Green Lantern leaves immediately, hoping to find Grundy before any of the JSA members are hurt going after him. Minutes later, Grundy arrives at JSA HQ, and, not finding the Lantern there, he smashes the place up, when Green Lantern and Grundy meet, Grundy rips a tree out by its roots and smashes it into the Lantern. Green Lantern fights back with his ring and fists until both men fall into a nearby stream and over a small waterfall. The Lantern is severely dazed and tries to ward off Grundy with his ring, Grundy grabs Green Lantern by the throat and begins to squeeze the life out of him, holding his head underwater. However, Hawkman strikes Grundy with his mace, and Mid-Nite is able to revive the Lantern, a combined attack brings down Grundy, and Green Lantern deposits Grundy on the moon
21.
Sanitary sewer
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A sanitary sewer or foul sewer is an underground carriage system specifically for transporting sewage from houses and commercial buildings through pipes to treatment or disposal. Sanitary sewers are part of a system called sewerage or sewage system. Sewage may be treated to water pollution before discharge to surface waters. Sanitary sewers serving industrial areas also carry industrial wastewater, separate sanitary sewer systems are designed to transport sewage alone. In municipalities served by sewers, separate storm drains may be constructed to convey surface runoff directly to surface waters. Sanitary sewers are distinguished from combined sewers, which combine sewage with stormwater runoff in the same pipe, sanitary sewer systems are considered beneficial because they avoid combined sewer overflows. To overcome these disadvantages, some cities built separate sanitary sewers to collect only municipal wastewater, the decision between a combined sewer system or two separate systems is mainly based on need for sewage treatment and cost of providing treatment during heavy rain events. Many cities with combined sewer systems built prior to sewage treatment have not replaced those sewer systems, in the developed world, sewers are pipes from buildings to one or more levels of larger underground trunk mains, which transport the sewage to sewage treatment facilities. Vertical pipes, usually made of precast concrete, called manholes, depending upon site application and use, these vertical pipes can be cylindrical, eccentric or concentric. The manholes are used for access to the pipes for inspection and maintenance. They also facilitate vertical and horizontal angles in otherwise straight pipelines, pipes conveying sewage from an individual building to a common gravity sewer line are called laterals. Branch sewers typically run under streets receiving laterals from buildings along that street, larger cities may have sewers called interceptors receiving flow from multiple trunk sewers. Design and sizing of sanitary sewers considers the population to be served over the life of the sewer, per capita wastewater production. Commercial and industrial flows are considered, but diversion of surface runoff to storm drains eliminates wet weather flow peaks of inefficient combined sewers. Pumps may be necessary where gravity sewers serve areas at lower elevations than the treatment plant. A lift station is a gravity sewer sump with a pump to lift accumulated sewage to a higher elevation, the pump may discharge to another gravity sewer at that location or may discharge through a pressurized force main to some distant location. Most of the solids are removed by the tanks, so the treatment plant can be much smaller than a typical plant. In addition, because of the vast reduction in solid waste, because the wastestream is pressurized, they can be laid just below the ground surface along the lands contour
22.
Metropolis (comics)
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Metropolis is a fictional city appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics, best known as the home of Superman. First appearing by name in Action Comics #16, Metropolis is depicted as a prosperous and massive city in the Northeastern United States, within close proximity to Gotham City. The co-creator and original artist of Superman, Joe Shuster, modeled the Metropolis skyline after Toronto, since then, however, the look and feel of Metropolis has been greatly influenced by New York City. Within the DC Universe, Metropolis is depicted as being one of the largest and wealthiest cities in the world, Superman co-creator Joe Shuster moved to Cleveland at age ten, where he met co-creator and Ohio native Jerry Siegel. Action Comics #2, however, mistakenly portrays Clark Kent as a reporter for the Cleveland Evening News, in Superman #2, Metropolis was actually placed in the US state of New York, making it the earliest specific reference to the location of Metropolis. In that issue, Clark Kent sends a telegram to George Taylor, in the 1940s Superman cartoons, produced by Paramount Pictures and Fleischer Studios, Superman is said to live on the island of Manhattan. In the seventh cartoon of the series, Electric Earthquake, a Native American mad scientist claims that his people are the owners of Manhattan. Metropolis is even seen spelled out twice on the Metropolis Munition Works and that same column stated that Green Arrows home, Star City, was in Connecticut, Flashs Central City was in Ohio, and Hawkmans Midway City was in Michigan. An earlier issue of DCs fanzine Amazing World of DC Comics, however, stated that Metropolis was located in Delaware, the 1990 Atlas of the DC Universe role playing game supplement, published by Mayfair Games, states that Metropolis is in Delaware. The most blatant of these might be the statement he cites from Action Comics #143, the Statue of Liberty, in fact, stands in New York Harbor. In the pre-Crisis on Infinite Earths comics, Smallville was often shown as being within driving distance of Metropolis, John Byrnes 1986 revamp of Superman cited the city as being in Kansas. The beam from that machine is depicted originating from the area of the mid-western United States where Kansas is located, in the second part of the episode Last Son of Krypton when Lois is introduced to Clark Kent, she is told he is from Smallville, she replies Smallville. Never heard of it, prompting Clark Kent to ask her if she had ever been to Kansas, Lois replies God No. while turning her head in a sign of visible disgust. Frank Miller has said that Metropolis is New York in the daytime, Gotham City is home to Batman, whose activities are more often nocturnal, while Metropolis is home to Superman, who usually operates during the day. New York City has been recently used as a locale in the DC Universe, like the Marvel Universe, in which it exists as a separate city from Metropolis. The Justice Society of America, for example, is based in New York, Metropolis is frequently depicted as being within driving distance of Gotham City, home of Batman. This happens, for example, in the three-issue 1990 mini-series of Worlds Finest Comics by Dave Gibbons, Steve Rude, in Bronze Age stories that depicted Metropolis and Gotham City as twin cities, the Metro-Narrows Bridge was said to be the main route connecting Metropolis to Gotham City. A similar map appeared in The New Adventures of Superboy #22, 1990s The Atlas of the DC Universe also places Metropolis in Delaware and Gotham City in New Jersey
23.
Wes Craven
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Wesley Earl Wes Craven was an American film director, writer, producer and actor. He was known for his work in the genre of horror films, particularly slasher films. Due to the success and cultural impact of his works in the film genre Craven has been called the Master of Horror. Craven also directed all four films in the Scream series and two films in the Hills Have Eyes series. Some of his films include The Last House on the Left, The People Under the Stairs, Red Eye, The Serpent and the Rainbow. On August 30,2015, Craven died of brain cancer, Craven was born in Cleveland, Ohio, the son of Caroline and Paul Eugene Craven. He was raised in a strict Baptist family, Craven earned an undergraduate degree in English and Psychology from Wheaton College in Illinois and a masters degree in Philosophy and Writing from Johns Hopkins University. Craven briefly taught English at Westminster College and was a professor at Clarkson College of Technology in Potsdam. He additionally taught at Madrid-Waddington High School in Madrid, New York, during this time, he purchased a used 16mm film camera and began making short movies. When his friend Tom Chapin informed him of a position at a New York City post-production company run by his brother, future folk-rock star Harry Chapin. His first creative job in the industry was as a sound editor for Chapins firm. Recalling his early training, Craven said in 1994, Harry was a film editor. He taught me The Chapin Method, Nuts and bolts, Craven afterward became the firms assistant manager, and broke into film editing with Youve Got to Walk It Like You Talk It or Youll Lose That Beat. Craven left the world for the more lucrative role of pornographic film director. In the documentary Inside Deep Throat, Craven says on camera he made many hard core X-rated films under pseudonyms, while his role in Deep Throat is undisclosed, most of his early known work involved writing, film editing or both. Cravens first feature film as director was The Last House on the Left, Craven frequently collaborated with Sean S. Cunningham. In Cravens debut feature, The Last House on the Left and they pooled all of their resources and came up with $90,000. Later, in Cravens best-known film, A Nightmare on Elm Street, Cunningham directed one of the chase scenes, later, in The Last House on the Left remake, Cunningham and Craven share production credits
24.
Swamp Thing (film)
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Swamp Thing is a 1982 American science fiction action horror film written and directed by Wes Craven, based on the DC Comics character of the same name created by Len Wein and Bernie Wrightson. It tells the story of scientist Alec Holland who becomes transformed into the monster Swamp Thing through laboratory sabotage orchestrated by the evil Anton Arcane, later, he helps a woman named Alice Cable and battles the man responsible for it all, the ruthless Arcane. In the swamps of Louisiana, Doctor Alec Holland works with his sister Linda on a top-secret bio-engineering project to create a plant/animal hybrid capable of thriving in extreme environments, government agent Alice Cable arrives just as Holland makes a major breakthrough, and begins to develop feelings for him. However, a group led by the evil Dr. Anton Arcane. During the attack, Alice escapes and Alec is covered in chemicals, caught on fire, however, he returns as a monstrously mutated plant creature. As the Swamp Thing, Holland battles Arcanes forces to protect Cable, Craven was very proud in delivering the movie on time and on budget at $2.5 million. Swamp Thing received generally average to positive reviews critics, with the movie review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes retroactively giving the film a score of 64% based on 33 reviews. Roger Ebert gave the three out of a possible four stars, saying Theres beauty in this movie, if you know where to look for it. Craven substituted his usual focus on the problems of the family, nevertheless, Muir points out, some of Cravens usual themes and images do appear in Swamp Thing. For example, as in The Last House on the Left, the film was adapted in comic form as Swamp Thing Annual #1. PopMatters journalist J. C. Maçek III wrote As much fun as this film can be, its often difficult to ignore that Swamp Thing ultimately is, at core. In August 2000, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer released the film on DVD in the United States, in May 2002, a Dallas woman rented the disc from a Blockbuster Video store for her children and reported this discrepancy. MGM recalled the disc and reissued it in August 2005, with the US theatrical cut as originally intended, Swamp Thing was released in a Blu-ray Disc/DVD combo pack by Shout. A low-budget sequel entitled The Return of Swamp Thing was released in 1989, in 2009, Joel Silver announced plans to produce a reboot of the Swamp Thing film franchise from a story written by Akiva Goldsman. In April 2010, Vincenzo Natali was confirmed to direct, but on May 12,2010, Swamp Thing at the Internet Movie Database Swamp Thing at AllMovie Swamp Thing at Rotten Tomatoes Swamp Thing at Box Office Mojo
25.
Martin Pasko
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Martin Joseph Marty Pasko is a writer and editor in a diverse array of media, including comic books and television. Pasko has worked for many publishers, but is best known for his work with DC Comics over three decades. He has written Superman in many media, including animation, webisodes. He also co-created the 1975 revamp of Doctor Fate, Pasko was born Gaston-Claude Rochefort in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. As a teenager, he was a contributor to comic book letter columns and co-published a fanzine, Fantazine, with Alan Brennert. After attending Northwestern University and New York University, Pasko settled in New York, Paskos first published comics writing credit was a short story titled Package Deal for Warren Publishings Creepy #51. His first published work, however, was a story titled Eye Opener, in Vampirella #20, Pasko started working for DC Comics and began his long association with Superman in 1973, as a result of his association with long-time editor Julius Schwartz. Paskos first Superman-related story was a Private Life of Clark Kent backup feature in Superman #277, in addition to writing backup stories and occasional other features in Action Comics during this period, such as The Atom, Pasko was the featured Superman writer from 1977–1979. DC Comics Presents, a title starring Superman, was launched in 1978 by Pasko. Pasko and Curt Swan created the Atomic Skull in Superman #323, from 1979–1982, Pasko contributed stories to the Superman Family anthology title, including runs as the regular writer of the Jimmy Olsen and Supergirl features. A solo Doctor Fate story in 1st Issue Special #9, written by Pasko and drawn by Walt Simonson, with this story, Pasko added the concept that the spirit of Nabu resided in Doctor Fates helmet and took control of Fates alter-ego Kent Nelson whenever the helmet was donned. In 1981 Roy Thomas incorporated this into his series All-Star Squadron, as an explanation of the changes in Fates helmet, in 1982, this led to DC featuring Kent and his wife Inza in a series of back-up stories, written by Pasko, in The Flash. DC later collected Paskos stories into a limited series titled The Immortal Dr. Fate. Other titles Pasko wrote for DC included Wonder Woman from 1975–1977, Wonder Woman had quit the organization after renouncing her powers. The story intended to be Kobra issue #8 appeared as the Batman story in DC Special Series #1, in addition, Pasko wrote a number of issues of Adventure Comics between 1976 and 1980. He wrote a Daredevil prose story for Marvel Novel Series #9 in 1979 under the pseudonym of Kyle Christopher, in his first comics-format work for Marvel Comics, Pasko was the regular scripter of that companys Star Trek comic book in 1980–1981. He was also a writer of the Star Trek comic strip from late 1982 through early 1983, in 1988, Pasko wrote an issue of the DC Star Trek comic book. In the early 1980s, Pasko wrote a number of issues of the First Comics version of Joe Statons E-Man, in 1982, Pasko and artist Thomas Yeates revived Swamp Thing, in a new series titled Saga of the Swamp Thing
26.
Antichrist
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In Christianity, the Antichrist or False Messiah is generally regarded as a figure of evil that will falsely claim to be the Christ. The term Antichrist is found in the New Testament five times in 1 John and 2 John, once in plural form and four times in the singular. Jesus, whom Christians believe to be the Jewish Messiah, will appear in his Second Coming to Earth to face the Antichrist, who will be regarded as the greatest false messiah in Christianity. Just as Christ is the savior and the model for humanity, his opponent will be a single figure of concentrated evil. In Islamic eschatology, Masih ad-Dajjal is a figure, who will appear to deceive humanity before the second coming of Isa. The word antichrist combines two roots, αντί + Χριστός, Αντί can mean not only against and opposite of, but also in place of. Χριστός, translated Christ, is Greek for the Hebrew Messiah, both Christ and Messiah literally mean Anointed One, and refer to Jesus of Nazareth in Christian, Islamic and Messianic Jewish theology. Whether the New Testament contains an individual Antichrist is disputed, the Greek term antikhristos originates in 1 John. The similar term pseudokhristos is also first found in the New Testament, the concept of an antikhristos is not found in Jewish writings in the period 500 BC–50 AD. The five uses of the term antichrist or antichrists in the Epistles of John do not clearly present a single latter-day individual Antichrist, the articles the deceiver or the antichrist are usually seen as marking out a certain category of persons, rather than an individual. Little children, it is the last time, and as ye have heard that antichrist shall come, even now are there many antichrists, whereby we know that it is the last time. Many deceivers have gone out into the world, those who do not confess that Jesus Christ has come in the flesh, any person is the deceiver. Who is the liar but the one who denies that Jesus is the Christ and this is the antichrist, the one who denies the Father and the Son. By this you know the Spirit of God, every spirit that confesses that Jesus Christ has come in the flesh is from God, and every spirit that does not confess Jesus is not from God. And this is the spirit of the antichrist, of which you have heard that it is coming, consequently, attention for an individual Antichrist figure focuses on the second chapter of 2 Thessalonians. Let no one deceive you in any way, for that day will not come unless the rebellion comes first and the one is revealed. He opposes and exalts himself above every so-called god or object of worship, so that he takes his seat in the temple of God, for the mystery of lawlessness is already at work, but only until the one who now restrains it is removed. And then the one will be revealed, whom the Lord Jesus will destroy with the breath of his mouth
27.
Phantom Stranger
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The Phantom Stranger first appeared in a six-issue anthology comic book series bearing his name published in 1952, created by John Broome and Carmine Infantino. After an appearance in Showcase #80, he received another series beginning May–June 1969 that lasted until February–March 1976 and these had Dr. Thirteen, certain that the Phantom Stranger was an impostor, determined to expose him. Beginning with issue #4, the series began featuring all-new material, with produced by Robert Kanigher, Len Wein, Jim Aparo, Neal Adams, Tony DeZuniga. In these stories, while the Strangers past remained a mystery and she eventually learned differently and turned up occasionally. Doctor Thirteen, dropped along with the reprints, was given a series here as of #12 which morphed into The Spawn of Frankenstein in #23. The Phantom Stranger is better known for his role as an assistant to other heroes. His status as either a full, reserve, or honorary member of the League is debatable and this issue was part of an unofficial metafictional crossover with Marvel Comics, spanning titles from both of the major comics companies. Beginning in Marvels Amazing Adventures #16, the story continued in DCs Justice League of America #103, writer Len Wein commented on the Phantom Strangers relationship with the JLA in a 2012 interview stating that the character only sort of joined. He was offered membership but vanished, as per usual, without accepting the offer. Over the years, other writers have just assumed was a member, the Stranger also starred in a mini-series in 1987. This series portrayed him as an agent of the Lords of Order and they temporarily stripped the Stranger of his powers, due to his desire to continue a battle against the Lords of Chaos. This went against the wishes of the Lords of Order, who had believed a victory by darkness over light was necessary and this series featured Eclipso as an agent of Chaos, in Green Lantern/Superman, Legend of the Green Flame, this role is continued. However, the Stranger claims that he belongs to no group, the Lords of Order threaten to strip him of his powers, and he leaves, claiming that he shall continue to wander. The Phantom Stranger received a new ongoing series in September 2012 written by Dan DiDio and this series was retitled as Trinity of Sin, The Phantom Stranger as of issue #9 and cancelled as of #22. Unusual for a book character of such longevity, nothing in the way of personal data about the Phantom Stranger—his real name, his true nature. DC produced an issue of Secret Origins that postulated four possible origins. Questioning Gods actions, he commits suicide, the angel forbids his spirit from entering the afterlife, reanimates his body and condemns him to walk the world forever as part of humanity, but also forever separated from it. He then discovers his divine charge, to turn humanity away from evil, some versions of this story imply that the angel was the incarnation of The Spectre of that time period
28.
Dan Mishkin
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Dan Mishkin is an American comic book writer, and co-creator of the DC Comics characters Amethyst, Princess of Gemworld and Blue Devil. As an adolescent, Dan Mishkin formed a partnership with Gary Cohn. Mishkin recounted We met in high school and we were part of a small crowd of good friends. We talked and loved books and had a lot of other interests. At one point, when we were 16, Gary said and my thought was, I didnt know you were allowed to say that. It was a real eye-opening experience for me, because Gary kind of led the way and said, If youre the sort of person who is thinking of and telling stories. Mishkin and Cohn entered the industry together following a correspondence with Jack C. Harris, an editor at DC Comics and their first work for the company was the three-page short story On the Day of His Return published in Time Warp #3 and drawn by Steve Ditko. They wrote several stories for various titles as well as the OMAC backup in The Warlord. In 1983, Mishkin, Cohn and artist Ernie Colón created Amethyst, the following year, the writing team and Paris Cullins introduced Blue Devil. DC gave both series a promotional push by featuring them in free, 16-page insert previews, among other work, Mishkin had a run on Wonder Woman from 1982 through 1985 with artists Gene Colan and Don Heck. Mishkin and Colan reintroduced the character Circe to the gallery of Wonder Womans adversaries. Mishkin and Jeff Grubb authored the Advanced Dungeons & Dragons and Forgotten Realms comic books, in 2001, he worked with artist Tom Mandrake on the short lived series Creeps and in 2006 on the childrens book The Forest King, Woodlarks Shadow. Mishkin organized the Kids Read Comics convention in Chelsea, Michigan in June 2009, Mishkin and Ernie Colón collaborated on the The Warren Commission Report, A Graphic Investigation Into the Kennedy Assassination in 2014
29.
Silicon
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Silicon is a chemical element with symbol Si and atomic number 14. A hard and brittle crystalline solid with a metallic luster. It is a member of group 14 in the table, along with carbon above it and germanium, tin, lead. It is not very reactive, although more reactive than germanium, Silicon is the eighth most common element in the universe by mass, but very rarely occurs as the pure element in the Earths crust. It is most widely distributed in dusts, sands, planetoids, over 90% of the Earths crust is composed of silicate minerals, making silicon the second most abundant element in the Earths crust after oxygen. Most silicon is used commercially without being separated, and often with little processing of the natural minerals, such use includes industrial construction with clays, silica sand, and stone. Silicate is used in Portland cement for mortar and stucco, and mixed with sand and gravel to make concrete for walkways, foundations. Silicates are used in whiteware ceramics such as porcelain, and in traditional quartz-based soda-lime glass, Silicon compounds such as silicon carbide are used as abrasives and components of high-strength ceramics. Elemental silicon also has an impact on the modern world economy. Most free silicon is used in the refining, aluminium-casting. Silicon is the basis of the widely used synthetic polymers called silicones, Silicon is an essential element in biology, although only tiny traces are required by animals. However, various sea sponges and microorganisms, such as diatoms and radiolaria, silica is deposited in many plant tissues, such as in the bark and wood of Chrysobalanaceae and the silica cells and silicified trichomes of Cannabis sativa, horsetails and many grasses. Silicon is a solid at room temperature, with a point of 1,414 °C. Like water, it has a density in a liquid state than in a solid state and it expands when it freezes. With a relatively high conductivity of 149 W·m−1·K−1, silicon conducts heat well. In its crystalline form, pure silicon has a gray color, like germanium, silicon is rather strong, very brittle, and prone to chipping. Silicon, like carbon and germanium, crystallizes in a cubic crystal structure with a lattice spacing of 0.5430710 nm. The outer electron orbital of silicon, like that of carbon, has four valence electrons, the 1s, 2s, 2p and 3s subshells are completely filled while the 3p subshell contains two electrons out of a possible six
30.
Thomas Yeates
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Thomas Yeates is an American comic book and comic strip artist best known for illustrating the comic strips Prince Valiant and Zorro as well as work on characters created by Edgar Rice Burroughs. Thomas Yeates was part of the first graduating class from The Kubert School and his first published comics work was Preacher a five-page backup feature in Sgt. He provided spot illustrations for a Batman prose story in Detective Comics #500 written by Walter B, gibson, longtime writer of The Shadow. Yeates and Jack C. Harris briefly revived Claw the Unconquered as a feature in The Warlord #48-49. Dragonsword was a feature by Paul Levitz and Yeates which appeared in The Warlord #51-54. In 1982, Yeates and writer Martin Pasko revived Swamp Thing in a new series titled Saga of the Swamp Thing, timespirits was created by Stephen Perry and Yeates for the Epic Comics line. He drew the Universe X, Beasts and Universe X, Cap one-shots for Marvel in 2001, on April 1,2012, Yeates began drawing the Prince Valiant comic strip, replacing Gary Gianni. Yeates collaborated with Sergio Aragonés and Mark Evanier on the Groo vs. Conan crossover for Dark Horse Comics in 2014, Yeates received an Inkpot Award in 2012. Thomas Yeates official site Thomas Yeates at the Comic Book DB Thomas Yeates at Mikes Amazing World of Comics Thomas Yeates at the Unofficial Handbook of Marvel Comics Creators
31.
Stephen R. Bissette
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Stephen R. Steve Bissette is an American comics artist, editor, and publisher with a focus on the horror genre. He is known for working with writer Alan Moore and inker John Totleben on the DC comic Swamp Thing in the 1980s, Bissette was born and raised in Vermont, where he still lives, and was raised Catholic. Shortly after the publication of his first work, Abyss, Bissette enrolled in the first class of The Kubert School, before his first year was completed, his work was being published professionally in the pages of Sojourn, Sgt. In 1978, Bissette was among the Kubert Schools very first graduating class, along with classmates Rick Veitch, Tom Yeates, and others. While still enrolled at The Kubert School, Bissette executed the logo for early New Jersey synth-pop band WKGB, L. Stine, and he worked with Rick Veitch on the graphic novelization of Steven Spielbergs motion picture 1941. Bissette is best known for his multiple award-winning collaboration with writer Alan Moore and he created Tyrant, a comic book biography of a Tyrannosaurus rex, which lasted four issues. During this period, he edited the horror anthology Gore Shriek, since 1991, Bissette has presented a lecture series on horror comics called Journeys into Fear. In 1996–1997, Bissette contributed five covers for a book series about another swamp monster. Bissette subsequently worked with Moore, Totleben, and Rick Veitch on the Image Comics limited series 1963, from 1963, Bissette owns the characters Hypernaut, N-Man, and the Fury. Scott McClouds 24-hour comic project began as a dare to Bissette in 1990, each created a 24-page comic in 24 hours. The 24-Hour Comics Project evolved into a challenge taken up by hundreds of contributors, with several published collections. Bissette retired from the industry in 1999, alluding to what he termed a generational shift. The Stephen R. Bissette Collection at Henderson State University in Arkadelphia, Arkansas, houses Bissettes works and his work with John Totleben earned them the 1985 Best Art Team Jack Kirby Award for Swamp Thing. Taboo won the Best Anthology Eisner Award in 1993 and his work with Alan Moore and John Totleben earned a nomination for the 1985 Best Single Issue Jack Kirby Award for Swamp Thing #34. His work with John Totleben earned them nominations for the 1986 and 1987 Jack Kirby Awards for Best Art Team for their work on Swamp Thing and his work with Alan Moore earned them a nomination for the 1986 Jack Kirby Award for Best Writer/Artist. He was nominated for the Best Editor Eisner Award in 1993 for his work on Taboo, official website Bissettes previous blog Stephen R. Bissette at the Comic Book DB Stephen R. Bissette at Mikes Amazing World of Comics
32.
The Kubert School
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The Kubert School was and still is the only accredited school devoted entirely to cartooning. The schools instructors are professionals working in the industry, many of them graduates of the school themselves. The school has a reputation for demanding and intensive coursework and its alumni include Amanda Conner, Lee Weeks, Andy Price and Alex Maleev, as well as many other successful and well-known comics pencilers and inkers. The Joe Kubert School of Cartoon and Graphic Art was founded in September 1976 by cartoonist Joe Kubert and his wife Muriel in Dovers former high school and its first graduating class of 1978 included Stephen R. Bissette, Thomas Yeates, and Rick Veitch. Founder and teacher Kubert kept his own studio in the school, later joined by his sons Adam and Andy, who are comic book professionals. The three official student houses are the Carriage House and Mansion, at the site of the school on Lehigh Street, in Dover. The school houses the Kubert Art Store, which sells art supplies needed for assignments, such as books, there are usually no more than 150 students attending the school at any time. As well as regular classes, the school also holds a weekly class every Saturday. The class is on basic lessons in cartooning, and is taught by Fernando Ruiz, the school has students from as far away as Japan and Malaysia, in addition to students from the local area. Kubert expressed the philosophy in a 2003 profile, Official website
33.
2000 AD (comics)
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2000 AD is a weekly British science fiction-orientated comic. As a comics anthology it serialises stories in issue and was first published by IPC Magazines in 1977. IPC then shifted the title to its Fleetway comics subsidiary which was sold to Robert Maxwell in 1987 then Egmont UK in 1991, Fleetway continued to produce the title until 2000, when it was bought by Rebellion Developments. Other characters in 2000 AD include Rogue Trooper, Strontium Dog,2000 AD has been a successful launchpad for getting British talent into the larger American comics market. A long-running theme is that the editor of 2000 AD is Tharg the Mighty, Tharg uses other unique alien expressions and even appears in his own comic strips. Another running theme is Thargs use of robots to draw and write the strips, a fictional reason for Tharg to use mechanical assistance was given when the robots went on strike. Tharg wrote and drew a whole issue himself, but when he ran it through the quality-control Thrill-meter, the offending issue had to be taken away, by blindfolded security guards, to a lead-lined vault where there was no danger of anyone seeing it accidentally. IPC asked Pat Mills, a writer and editor who had created Battle Picture Weekly and Action. Mills brought fellow freelancer John Wagner on board as script adviser, the then-futuristic name 2000 AD was chosen as no-one involved expected the comic to last that long. Mills experiences with Battle and Action in particular had taught him that readers responded to his anti-authoritarian attitudes, meanwhile, Mills had developed a horror strip, inspired by the novels of Dennis Wheatley, about a hanging judge, called Judge Dread. The idea was abandoned as unsuitable for the new comic, but the name, the task of visualising the newly named Judge Dredd was given to Carlos Ezquerra, a Spanish artist who had previously worked with Mills on Battle, on a strip called Major Eazy. Wagner gave Ezquerra an advertisement for the film Death Race 2000, showing the character Frankenstein clad in black leather, Ezquerra elaborated on this greatly, adding body-armour, zips and chains, which Wagner originally thought over the top. Wagners initial script was rewritten by Mills and drawn up by Ezquerra, the hardware and cityscapes Ezquerra had drawn were far more futuristic than the near-future setting originally intended, and Mills decided to run with it and set the strip further into the future. By this stage, however, Wagner had quit, IPC owned the rights to Dan Dare, and Mills decided to revive the character to add immediate public recognition for the title. Paul DeSavery, who owned Dares film rights, offered to buy the new comic and give Mills and Wagner more creative control, the deal fell through, however, and Wagner walked. Mills was reluctant to lose Judge Dredd and farmed the strip out to a variety of freelance writers, the story chosen was one written by Peter Harris, extensively rewritten by Mills and including an idea suggested by Kelvin Gosnell, and drawn by newcomer Mike McMahon. The strip debuted in prog 2, but Ezquerra, angry that another artist had drawn the first published strip, quit, Mills had created Harlem Heroes, about the future sport of aeroball, a futuristic, violent version of basketball with jet-packs. Similar future sport series had been a fixture of Action, wanting to give the new comic a distinctive look, Mills wanted to use European artists, but the work turned in on Harlem Heroes by Trigo was disappointing
34.
Warrior (comics)
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Warrior was a British comics anthology that ran for 26 issues between March 1982 and January 1985. It was edited by Dez Skinn and published by his company Quality Communications and it featured early work by comics writer Alan Moore, including V for Vendetta and Marvelman. Rivalling 2000 AD, Warrior won 17 Eagle Awards during its short run, the title was recycled from a short-lived reprint series Skinn had once published, he remarked that Warrior seemed an obvious choice nobody else had picked up on—both times. It fit perfectly as a newsstand logo, if it failed, it was only six pages out of 52—the beauty of the anthology approach. Skinn offered the writing first to Parkhouse who had worked for Marvel, then Steve Moore. Neither were interested, and Moore suggested a friend Alan Moore who had said in a fanzine that he had an ambition to revive the character, Alan Moore was offered the first script on spec and Skinn was impressed enough to give him the assignment. At Skinns insistence, Laser Eraser and Pressbutton featured a female partner, Mysta Mystralis, under his own name, Steve Moore also wrote the occult adventure Father Shandor, Demon Stalker, among others. Steve Parkhouse, who had written the Arthurian-themed superhero strip Black Knight for Hulk Weekly, wrote, after a few issues Garry Leach bowed out as Marvelmans artist, giving way to Alan Davis. Dez Skinn himself wrote Big Ben, a character from Marvelman. Skinn wanted each strip to form part of a Warrior Universe and this never really happened as Skinn intended, although there were some crossover strips, e. g. Big Ben and Warpsmith tied into Marvelman, grant Morrisons The Liberators was also part of this universe, set in the future of Big Bens timeline and featuring alien characters in common. Despite a strong launch and critical acclaim, sales were not strong and for much of its run the magazine was subsidised from the profits of Skinns comic shop, offered to newsagents on a sale or return basis, it suffered a high rate of returns. Marvelman last appeared in Warrior in issue 21, the actual reason was a series of bitter financial disagreements between Skinn and Moore. Other strips were affected by creative disputes, with only V for Vendetta not suffering any gaps in publication, many of the titles top creators were being offered work from U. S. publishing companies, causing problems in finding new talent. Warrior ended its run with issue 26 in 1985, through Mike Friedrichs Star*Reach agency, Skinn signed all the Warrior work to Pacific Comics. They folded within months, and another American independent publisher, Eclipse Comics, a final Spring Special flipbook issue was published in #67 of Comics International in 1996. Despite the inevitable disagreements such leads to, it showed what could be done with comics creators are given ownership of properties. Uncompleted stories such as Marvelman and V for Vendetta were completed elsewhere
35.
Floronic Man
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The Floronic Man, also known as the Plant Master, Floro, and the Seeder, is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. He first appeared as an enemy of the Atom in Atom #1 and was created by Gardner Fox and his Floronic Man appearance first appeared in Flash #245. His Seeder appearance first appeared in Swamp Thing #21, Jason Woodrue first appears in The Atom #1. Woodrue is an exile from a world inhabited by dryads. Calling himself the Plant Master, Woodrue uses his advanced knowledge to control plant growth in an attempt to take over the world. He is defeated by the superheroic Atom, Plant Master returns to face the Atom and the Justice League. In Flash #245, Woodrue uses a formula to transform his body into a plant/human hybrid, with his skin resembling bark. Now calling himself the Floronic Man, he is defeated by Green Lantern, after a rematch with the Atom and Wonder Woman, the Floronic Man later becomes a member of the Secret Society of Super-Villains. In Alan Moores relaunch of the Swamp Thing in Saga of the Swamp Thing #21, the Floronic Man tries to warn Sunderland that the Swamp Thing is not dead, but the General refuses to listen and announces his intent to terminate Woodrues employment. Subsequently, the Floronic Man traps Sunderland in his office with a thawed and enraged Swamp Thing, the Green abandons the Floronic Man, who is then taken into custody by the Justice League after undergoing a complete mental breakdown. The 1988 Neil Gaiman/Dave McKean miniseries Black Orchid recasts Dr. Jason Woodrue as a University professor who taught botany to Philip Sylvian, Alec & Linda Holland, and Pamela Isley. The character Philip Sylvian, apparently unaware of Woodrues transformation, refers to him as an old guy and states. The Floronic Man was briefly a hero, after the events of Millennium led to him to become a member of the New Guardians, in this new role, Woodrue takes on the name Floro. After the death of most of his teammates, he reverts to his status as a villain. Floro returns in Batman, Shadow of the Bat #56, after scientists manage to keep his head alive, the first thing he comes in contact with is marijuana. Regenerating a plant body, he begins his quest to flood the streets of Gotham City with his advanced, Floronic Man takes some of Poison Ivys DNA in an attempt to create a child. Poison Ivy, in exchange, gets a full of dope money. Deciding she does not want Floronic Man running the world, she frees the Batman, after a short battle, Batman notices that Floronic Man is standing in a puddle, and uses an electrical cable to electrocute the villain, then decapitates him once again
36.
House of Secrets (DC Comics)
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The House of Secrets is the name of several mystery, fantasy, and horror anthology comic book series published by DC Comics. It is notable for being the title that introduced the character Swamp Thing and it had a companion series titled House of Mystery. The original Silver Age series ran 80 issues, from November/December 1956 to September/October 1966, in addition to short, one-off stories, several issues featured the adventures of modern-dress sorcerer Mark Merlin who first appeared in issue #23. The dual-personality super villain Eclipso was created by Bob Haney and Lee Elias and was introduced in issue #61, Prince Ra-Man the Mind-Master bowed in #73 and was a Doctor Strange-style replacement for Mark Merlin. The Prince Ra-Man feature ended in House of Secrets #80, the issue of the series. Other, lesser continuing features included Peter Puptent, Explorer, Dolly and the Professor, Doctor Rocket, the series was revived three years later with a definite article as The House of Secrets, beginning with issue #81. Now its horror and suspense tales were introduced by a host named Abel and his brother Cain hosted House of Mystery. Swamp Thing first appeared in House of Secrets #92 in a horror story set in the early 20th century written by Len Wein. The woman appearing on the cover of issue was modeled after future comics writer Louise Simonson. The Patchwork Man, a character from the Swamp Thing ongoing series, was to have become a feature in the series. The revival of House of Secrets, sporting many covers by Neal Adams, Bernie Wrightson and it was then merged into The Unexpected with issue #189, through issue #199. The series was 68 ad-free pages, allowing all three portions to be full-length issues, the House of Secrets also came to be the name of the actual edifice in which Abel lives. Writer Mike Friedrich and artist Jerry Grandenetti introduced the house and explained its origins, the Sandman series revealed it exists both in the real world of the DC Universe and in the Dreaming, as a repository for secrets of all kinds. The building itself was constructed for a Senator Sanderson using only materials from Kentucky, later, Sandersons wife went insane in the upper floors, leading the Senator to sell the house. The next four owners, none of them pure Kentuckians, found themselves driven away for various reasons, whether by fate or some mystical alignment, the companion House of Mystery stands at the other end of the graveyard. Shortly after this, Abel was driven to the house and entrusted as its caretaker by a man who revealed himself to be an aspect of the Houses existence, Abel was showing living in the House of Mystery in the quarterly DC Special #4, published one month earlier. The character of Abel would later, in the 1980s and 1990s, become a character in The Sandman. DCs Vertigo imprint revived the name House of Secrets as a new title, here the House of Secrets was a mobile manor, appearing in different places
37.
Parliament of Trees
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The Parliament of Trees is a fictional group of Plant Elementals appearing in books published by DC Comics, sometimes under its Vertigo imprint, which function as supporting characters to Swamp Thing. Created by writer Alan Moore and artist Stan Woch, the Parliament first appeared in Swamp Thing Vol.2, in Moores storyline, Plant Elementals have existed on Earth long before humans. Born when a being dies in flames and merges with the Earth, when they had done their time, they would join the Parliament of Trees, a group mind of former Elementals. Over time the membership grew with beings such as Eyam, Swamp Knucker, Bog Venus, Ghost Hiding in the Rushes, Swamp Thing I, and many others. Until recently, the Parliament was stationed in a grove in Brazil, at south of the Tefé River, although preaching peace, the Parliament was involved in several conflicts in the past. Once united with the Parliament of Stones, the Parliament separated from the other to set in motion a plot to someday destroy mankind. The Parliament also had to fight off the fungus-based Grey, invaders from another world that became the mushroom life of this planet. Quite recently, it was revealed that the Parliament of Trees had an agenda with Swamp Thing that included the destruction of mankind and the re-making of Earth. To prevent that happening, the Heavenly power called The Word was sent to destroy the Parliament, but not until they had passed on all their power to the Swamp Thing. But Swamp Thing refused in the last second, giving humanity another chance, the Parliament of Trees is now eternally burning in the realm of the Green. A few of its members have survived since they were not present during the massacre at the hands of The Word. During the climatic moments of the 2010-2011 Brightest Day miniseries, the White Lantern reveals that the Green has become black and it also states that the central tree in the Star City forest is the foundation for the Parliament of Trees. In The New 52, it was shown on Earth 2 that Alan Scott has become associated with The Green and it was also revealed that besides the Parliament of Trees there are in fact four other Parliaments that together with the Parliament of Trees form the Earths Parliament. The members of this Parliament Enclave only meet when the Earth is in danger such as Darkseids invasion of Earth 2 to summon their avatars who embody the spirits to enact their will. The Green is a realm inhabited by the minds of all members of the Parliament of Trees. It also connects all forms of life on earth. It is in the category as The Red, The Clear, The Grey. Various plant elementals of the DCU have been known to communicate with the Green as well and these select few include the following, Black Orchid Hyathis Poison Ivy Swamp Thing The Sprout Alan Scott Floronic Man went insane after attempting to connect with the Green through Swamp Thing
38.
Louisiana
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Louisiana is a state located in the southern region of the United States. Louisiana is the 31st most extensive and the 25th most populous of the 50 United States and its capital is Baton Rouge and largest city is New Orleans. Louisiana is the state in the U. S. with political subdivisions termed parishes. The largest parish by population is East Baton Rouge Parish, Louisiana is bordered by Arkansas to the north, Mississippi to the east, Texas to the west, and the Gulf of Mexico to the south. Much of the lands were formed from sediment washed down the Mississippi River, leaving enormous deltas and vast areas of coastal marsh. These contain a rich southern biota, typical examples include birds such as ibis, there are also many species of tree frogs, and fish such as sturgeon and paddlefish. In more elevated areas, fire is a process in the landscape. These support a large number of plant species, including many species of orchids. Louisiana has more Native American tribes than any other state, including four that are federally recognized, ten that are state recognized. Before the American purchase of the territory in 1803, the current Louisiana State had been both a French colony and for a period, a Spanish one. In addition, colonists imported numerous African people as slaves in the 18th century, many came from peoples of the same region of West Africa, thus concentrating their culture. Louisiana was named after Louis XIV, King of France from 1643 to 1715, when René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle claimed the territory drained by the Mississippi River for France, he named it La Louisiane. The suffix -ana is a Latin suffix that can refer to information relating to an individual, subject. Thus, roughly, Louis + ana carries the idea of related to Louis, the Gulf of Mexico did not exist 250 million years ago when there was but one supercontinent, Pangea. As Pangea split apart, the Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Mexico opened, Louisiana slowly developed, over millions of years, from water into land, and from north to south. The oldest rocks are exposed in the north, in such as the Kisatchie National Forest. The oldest rocks date back to the early Tertiary Era, some 60 million years ago, the history of the formation of these rocks can be found in D. Spearings Roadside Geology of Louisiana. The sediments were carried north to south by the Mississippi River
39.
Etrigan the Demon
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The Demon is a fictional superhero and antihero appearing in comic books published by DC Comics. Etrigan is a humanoid creature with orange or yellow skin, horns, red eyes. The character was based in Gotham City, leading to numerous team-ups with Batman. Etrigan was inspired by a strip of Prince Valiant in which the eponymous character dressed as a demon. Kirby gave his creation the same appearance as Valiants mask, Etrigan the Demon first appeared in The Demon #1 and was created by Jack Kirby. He created the Demon when his Fourth World titles were cancelled, according to Mark Evanier, Kirby had no interest in horror comics, but created Etrigan in response to a demand from DC for a horror character. Kirby was annoyed that the first issue sold so well that DC required him to do sixteen issues, Etrigan returned for a four-issue miniseries in 1987, written and illustrated by Grendel creator Matt Wagner. Alan Grant followed this with a Etrigan feature in Action Comics Weekly #636-641, the 1990 series lasted 60 issues, including two annuals. Garth Ennis took over the beginning with issue #40. DC Comics launched a new series featuring Etrigan titled Demon Knights and it was written by Paul Cornell and drawn by Diógenes Neves. Etrigan, son of the demon Belial, is summoned by the wizard Merlin, unable to gain the creatures secrets, he bonds the demon with Jason Blood, a knight in King Arthurs Camelot. This renders Jason immortal, though at times he considers this either a penance or a curse, centuries later, Jason Blood resurfaces in recent times, becoming a prominent demonologist in Gotham City. Jason is called to the crypt of Merlin and discovers a poem that changes him into Etrigan, unfortunately, he is followed by the long-lived Morgaine le Fey, who lusts for Merlins secrets. That leads to Etrigans first major battle, over the years, Etrigan both clashes with and occasionally aids Earths heroes, guided by his own whims and Jasons attempts to turn his infernal power to good use. Some time after his first appearance, Etrigan begins speaking in rhyme due to a promotion in Hell, though he is not limited to rhyme. He led the forces of Hell in the battle against The Darkness and was in brief contact with the entity in its questions about its nature - he barely survived the attempt. His high rank would also see him guide Dream of the Endless from Hells gates to Lucifer, when Jason Bloods daughter was born, he decided to destroy Etrigan and hired metahuman hitman Tommy Monaghan to help him. After a battle against both Merlin and Etrigan, the two of them rescued the baby and Blood was able to steal the heart, essentially neutralizing the demon
