Swedish–Novgorodian Wars
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The Swedish–Novgorodian Wars were a series of conflicts in the 12th and 13th centuries between the Novgorod Republic and medieval Sweden over control of the Gulf of Finland, an area vital to the Hanseatic League and part of the trade route from the Varangians to the Greeks. The Swedish attacks against Orthodox Russians had religious overtones, but before the 14th century there is no knowledge of official crusade bulls issued by the pope.
The fortress of Ladoga was built in stone in the 12th century and rebuilt 400 years later.
Viborg Castle was founded by Swedes in 1293.
Oreshek, one of the fortresses built by Novgorodians to contain the Swedish expansion.
Shlisselburg
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Shlisselburg, formerly Oreshek (Орешек) (1323–1611) and Petrokrepost (Петрокрепость) (1944–1992), is a town in Kirovsky District, Leningrad Oblast, Russia, located at the head of the Neva River on Lake Ladoga, 35 kilometers (22 mi) east of St. Petersburg. Population: 13,170 (2010 Russian census); 12,401 (2002 Census); 12,589 (1989 Soviet census).
Shlisselburg Fortress
Oreshek Fortress
Inside the fortress walls
Interior of the dungeon