1.
The Bronx
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The Bronx is the northernmost of the five boroughs of New York City, within the U. S. state of New York. Since 1914, the Bronx has had the boundaries as Bronx County, a county of New York. The Bronx is divided by the Bronx River into a section in the west, closer to Manhattan. East and west street addresses are divided by Jerome Avenue—the continuation of Manhattans Fifth Avenue, the West Bronx was annexed to New York City in 1874, and the areas east of the Bronx River in 1895. Bronx County was separated from New York County in 1914, about a quarter of the Bronxs area is open space, including Woodlawn Cemetery, Van Cortlandt Park, Pelham Bay Park, the New York Botanical Garden, and the Bronx Zoo in the boroughs north and center. These open spaces are situated primarily on land reserved in the late 19th century as urban development progressed north. The name Bronx originated with Jonas Bronck, who established the first settlement in the area as part of the New Netherland colony in 1639, the native Lenape were displaced after 1643 by settlers. This cultural mix has made the Bronx a wellspring of both Latin music and hip hop. The Bronx, particularly the South Bronx, saw a decline in population, livable housing, and the quality of life in the late 1960s. Since then the communities have shown significant redevelopment starting in the late 1980s before picking up pace from the 1990s until today, the Bronx was called Rananchqua by the native Siwanoy band of Lenape, while other Native Americans knew the Bronx as Keskeskeck. It was divided by the Aquahung River, the origin of Jonas Bronck is contested. Some sources claim he was a Swedish born emigrant from Komstad, Norra Ljunga parish in Småland, Sweden, who arrived in New Netherland during the spring of 1639. Bronck became the first recorded European settler in the now known as the Bronx and built a farm named Emmanus close to what today is the corner of Willis Avenue. He leased land from the Dutch West India Company on the neck of the mainland north of the Dutch settlement in Harlem. He eventually accumulated 500 acres between the Harlem River and the Aquahung, which known as Broncks River or the Bronx. Dutch and English settlers referred to the area as Broncks Land, the American poet William Bronk was a descendant of Pieter Bronck, either Jonas Broncks son or his younger brother. More recent research indicates that Pieter was probably Jonas nephew or cousin, the Bronx is referred to with the definite article as The Bronx, both legally and colloquially. The region was named after the Bronx River and first appeared in the Annexed District of The Bronx created in 1874 out of part of Westchester County
The Bronx
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Yankee Stadium (center) and the
Grand Concourse to its left. To the right of the Stadium is
its former site.
The Bronx
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Flag
The Bronx
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Seal
The Bronx
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Map of the Bronx in 1867
2.
New York City
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The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States. With an estimated 2015 population of 8,550,405 distributed over an area of about 302.6 square miles. Located at the tip of the state of New York. Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy and has described as the cultural and financial capital of the world. Situated on one of the worlds largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, the five boroughs – Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, The Bronx, and Staten Island – were consolidated into a single city in 1898. In 2013, the MSA produced a gross metropolitan product of nearly US$1.39 trillion, in 2012, the CSA generated a GMP of over US$1.55 trillion. NYCs MSA and CSA GDP are higher than all but 11 and 12 countries, New York City traces its origin to its 1624 founding in Lower Manhattan as a trading post by colonists of the Dutch Republic and was named New Amsterdam in 1626. The city and its surroundings came under English control in 1664 and were renamed New York after King Charles II of England granted the lands to his brother, New York served as the capital of the United States from 1785 until 1790. It has been the countrys largest city since 1790, the Statue of Liberty greeted millions of immigrants as they came to the Americas by ship in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and is a symbol of the United States and its democracy. In the 21st century, New York has emerged as a node of creativity and entrepreneurship, social tolerance. Several sources have ranked New York the most photographed city in the world, the names of many of the citys bridges, tapered skyscrapers, and parks are known around the world. Manhattans real estate market is among the most expensive in the world, Manhattans Chinatown incorporates the highest concentration of Chinese people in the Western Hemisphere, with multiple signature Chinatowns developing across the city. Providing continuous 24/7 service, the New York City Subway is one of the most extensive metro systems worldwide, with 472 stations in operation. Over 120 colleges and universities are located in New York City, including Columbia University, New York University, and Rockefeller University, during the Wisconsinan glaciation, the New York City region was situated at the edge of a large ice sheet over 1,000 feet in depth. The ice sheet scraped away large amounts of soil, leaving the bedrock that serves as the foundation for much of New York City today. Later on, movement of the ice sheet would contribute to the separation of what are now Long Island and Staten Island. The first documented visit by a European was in 1524 by Giovanni da Verrazzano, a Florentine explorer in the service of the French crown and he claimed the area for France and named it Nouvelle Angoulême. Heavy ice kept him from further exploration, and he returned to Spain in August and he proceeded to sail up what the Dutch would name the North River, named first by Hudson as the Mauritius after Maurice, Prince of Orange
New York City
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Clockwise, from top:
Midtown Manhattan,
Times Square, the
Unisphere in
Queens, the
Brooklyn Bridge,
Lower Manhattan with
One World Trade Center,
Central Park, the
headquarters of the United Nations, and the
Statue of Liberty
New York City
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New Amsterdam, centered in the eventual
Lower Manhattan, in 1664, the year
England took control and renamed it "New York".
New York City
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The
Battle of Long Island, the largest battle of the
American Revolution, took place in
Brooklyn in 1776.
New York City
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Broadway follows the Native American Wickquasgeck Trail through Manhattan.
3.
New York (state)
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New York is a state in the northeastern United States, and is the 27th-most extensive, fourth-most populous, and seventh-most densely populated U. S. state. New York is bordered by New Jersey and Pennsylvania to the south and Connecticut, Massachusetts, and Vermont to the east. With an estimated population of 8.55 million in 2015, New York City is the most populous city in the United States, the New York Metropolitan Area is one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world. New York City makes up over 40% of the population of New York State, two-thirds of the states population lives in the New York City Metropolitan Area, and nearly 40% lives on Long Island. Both the state and New York City were named for the 17th-century Duke of York, the next four most populous cities in the state are Buffalo, Rochester, Yonkers, and Syracuse, while the state capital is Albany. New York has a diverse geography and these more mountainous regions are bisected by two major river valleys—the north-south Hudson River Valley and the east-west Mohawk River Valley, which forms the core of the Erie Canal. Western New York is considered part of the Great Lakes Region and straddles Lake Ontario, between the two lakes lies Niagara Falls. The central part of the state is dominated by the Finger Lakes, New York had been inhabited by tribes of Algonquian and Iroquoian-speaking Native Americans for several hundred years by the time the earliest Europeans came to New York. The first Europeans to arrive were French colonists and Jesuit missionaries who arrived southward from settlements at Montreal for trade, the British annexed the colony from the Dutch in 1664. The borders of the British colony, the Province of New York, were similar to those of the present-day state, New York is home to the Statue of Liberty, a symbol of the United States and its ideals of freedom, democracy, and opportunity. In the 21st century, New York has emerged as a node of creativity and entrepreneurship, social tolerance. On April 17,1524 Verrazanno entered New York Bay, by way of the now called the Narrows into the northern bay which he named Santa Margherita. Verrazzano described it as a vast coastline with a delta in which every kind of ship could pass and he adds. This vast sheet of water swarmed with native boats and he landed on the tip of Manhattan and possibly on the furthest point of Long Island. Verrazannos stay was interrupted by a storm which pushed him north towards Marthas Vineyard, in 1540 French traders from New France built a chateau on Castle Island, within present-day Albany, due to flooding, it was abandoned the next year. In 1614, the Dutch under the command of Hendrick Corstiaensen, rebuilt the French chateau, Fort Nassau was the first Dutch settlement in North America, and was located along the Hudson River, also within present-day Albany. The small fort served as a trading post and warehouse, located on the Hudson River flood plain, the rudimentary fort was washed away by flooding in 1617, and abandoned for good after Fort Orange was built nearby in 1623. Henry Hudsons 1609 voyage marked the beginning of European involvement with the area, sailing for the Dutch East India Company and looking for a passage to Asia, he entered the Upper New York Bay on September 11 of that year
New York (state)
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British general
John Burgoyne surrenders at
Saratoga in 1777.
New York (state)
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Flag
New York (state)
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1800 map of New York from
Low's Encyclopaedia
New York (state)
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The
Erie Canal at
Lockport, New York in 1839
4.
Alicia Keys
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Alicia Augello Cook, known professionally as Alicia Keys, is an American singer, songwriter, record producer, pianist and actress. Keys released her album with J Records, having had previous record deals first with Columbia. Keys debut album, Songs in A Minor was released in 2001, producing her first Billboard Hot 100 number-one single Fallin, the album earned Keys five Grammy Awards in 2002. Her sophomore album, The Diary of Alicia Keys, was released in 2003, spawning successful singles You Dont Know My Name, If I Aint Got You and Diary, the duet song My Boo with Usher scored her a second number-one single in 2004. The album garnered her an additional four Grammy Awards in 2005, later that year, she released her first live album, Unplugged, becoming the first woman to have an MTV Unplugged album debut at number one. As I Am was released in 2007, producing the Hot 100 number-one single No One, selling 5 million copies worldwide, the Element of Freedom was released in 2009, becoming her first chart-topping album in the UK, and selling 4 million copies worldwide. Keys additionally collaborated with Jay Z on Empire State of Mind as her fourth number-one single, Girl on Fire was released in 2012 as her fifth Billboard 200 topping album, spawning the successful title track. Her second live album, VH1 Storytellers was released in 2013, Here was released in 2016, becoming her seventh R&B/Hip-Hop chart topping album. Keys made her first television appearance on The Cosby Show in 1985 as a four year old child and she made her film debut in Smokin Aces and later in The Nanny Diaries in 2007. Keys then had a NAACP Image Award nominated appearance in The Secret Life of Bees in 2008, Keys also made an appearance on season 2 of Empire in 2015. She is currently a coach on The Voice as of 2016, Keys has won numerous awards such as 15 Grammy Awards and 17 NAACP Image Awards. She has sold over 35 million albums and 30 million singles worldwide, considered a pop icon, Billboard magazine named her the top R&B artist of the 2000s decade and placed her number 10 on their list of Top 50 R&B/Hip-Hop Artists of the Past 25 Years. Time named her in their 100 list of most influential people in 2005, Keys was born Alicia Augello Cook on January 25,1981, in the Hells Kitchen area of Manhattan, New York City. She is the child of Teresa, a paralegal and part-time actress, and Craig Cook. Keys father is African American and her mother is of Italian, Scottish, Keys has expressed that she was comfortable with her multiracial heritage because she felt she was able to relate to different cultures. Her parents separated when she was two and she was raised by her mother during her formative years in Hells Kitchen. Keys has 2 younger half brothers, Clay Cook and Cole Cook, in 1985, Keys made an appearance on The Cosby Show at the age of four, where she and a group of girls played the parts of Rudy Huxtables sleepover guests in the episode Slumber Party. Throughout her childhood, Keys was sent to music and dance classes by her mother and she graduated in four years as valedictorian at the age of 16
Alicia Keys
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Keys at the 2013 ARIA Music Awards in Sydney Australia.
Alicia Keys
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Keys performing at CES, 2004
Alicia Keys
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Keys performing live, March 19, 2008
5.
Hip hop music
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It developed as part of hip hop culture, a subculture defined by four key stylistic elements, MCing/rapping, DJing/scratching with turntables, break dancing, and graffiti writing. Other elements include sampling beats or bass lines from records, while often used to refer solely to rapping, hip hop more properly denotes the practice of the entire subculture. Hip hops early evolution occurred as sampling technology and drum machines became available and affordable. Turntablist techniques such as scratching and beatmatching developed along with the breaks and Jamaican toasting, rapping developed as a vocal style in which the artist speaks or chants along rhythmically with an instrumental or synthesized beat. The Sugarhill Gangs 1979 song Rappers Delight is widely regarded to be the first hip hop record to gain popularity in the mainstream. The 1980s marked the diversification of hip hop as the genre developed more complex styles, prior to the 1980s, hip hop music was largely confined within the United States. However, during the 1980s, it began to spread to scenes in dozens of countries. New school hip hop was the wave of hip hop music, originating in 1983–84 with the early records of Run-D. M. C. The Golden age hip hop period was a period between the mid-1980s and the early 1990s. Notable artists from this era include the Juice Crew, Public Enemy, & Rakim, Boogie Down Productions and KRS-One, EPMD, Slick Rick, Beastie Boys, Kool G Rap, Big Daddy Kane, Ultramagnetic MCs, De La Soul, and A Tribe Called Quest. Gangsta rap is a subgenre of hip hop that often focuses on the violent lifestyles, in the West Coast hip hop style, G-funk dominated mainstream hip hop for several years during the 1990s. I. G. In the 1990s, hip hop began to diversify with other regional styles emerging, such as Southern rap, at the same time, hip hop continued to be assimilated into other genres of popular music, examples being Neo soul and nu metal. Hip hop became a pop music genre in the mid-1990s. The popularity of hip hop music continued through the 2000s, with hip hop influences also increasingly finding their way into mainstream pop, the United States also saw the success of regional styles such as crunk, a Southern genre that emphasized the beats and music more than the lyrics. Starting in 2005, sales of hip hop music in the United States began to severely wane, during the mid-2000s, alternative hip hop secured a place in the mainstream, due in part to the crossover success of artists such as OutKast and Kanye West. Creation of the hip hop is often credited to Keith Cowboy, rapper with Grandmaster Flash. However, Lovebug Starski, Keith Cowboy, and DJ Hollywood used the term when the music was known as disco rap. Cowboy later worked the hip hop cadence into a part of his stage performance, the first use of the term in print was in The Village Voice, by Steven Hager, later author of a 1984 history of hip hop
Hip hop music
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1520 Sedgwick Avenue, the Bronx, a venue used by Kool Herc that is often considered the birthplace of hip hop in 1973
Hip hop music
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DJ Kool Herc, recognized as one of the earliest hip hop artists
Hip hop music
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Grandmaster Flash
Hip hop music
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Afrika Bambaataa (left)
6.
Atlantic Records
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Atlantic Recording Corporation is an American major record label founded in October 1947 by Ahmet Ertegün and Herb Abramson. In 2004, Atlantic Records and its sister label Elektra Records merged into Atlantic Records Group, craig Kallman is currently the chairman of Atlantic Records. Ahmet Ertegün served as founding chairman until his death on December 14,2006, the brothers had become ardent fans of jazz and rhythm & blues music, amassing a collection of over 15,00078 RPM records. He convinced the family dentist, Dr Vahdi Sabit, to invest $10,000 and recruited Herb Abramson, Abramson had worked as a part-time A&R manager/producer for the jazz label National Records, signing Big Joe Turner and Billy Eckstine. He founded Jubilee Records in 1946, but had no interest in its most successful artists, so, in September 1947, he sold his share in Jubilee to his partner, Jerry Blaine, and invested $2500 in the new Atlantic label. When interviewed in 2009 she attributed her reputation to the companys chronic cash-flow shortage, most of the problems we had with artists were that they wanted advances, and that was very difficult for us. We were undercapitalized for a long time, the labels original office in the Ritz Hotel, Manhattan proved too expensive so they relocated to an $85 per month room in the Hotel Jefferson. In its early years Atlantic focused principally on modern jazz although it released some country and western and spoken word recordings. The union action forced Atlantic to use almost all its capital to cut and stockpile enough recordings to last through the ban, Ertegun and Abramson spent much of the late 1940s and early 1950s scouring nightclubs in search of talent. Ertegun composed many songs under the alias A, in early 1949 a New Orleans distributor phoned Ertegun trying to obtain Stick McGhees Drinking Wine, Spo-Dee-O-Dee, which was unavailable due to the closure of McGhees previous label. Ertegun knew Sticks younger brother Brownie McGhee, with whom Stick happened to be staying, so he contacted the McGhee brothers, Ertegun asked about artists royalties, which he paid, which surprised Columbia executives, who did not, which scuttled the deal. On the recommendation of broadcaster Willis Conover, Ertegun and Abramson went to see Ruth Brown at the Crystal Caverns club in Washington and she was badly injured in a car accident en route to New York but Atlantic supported her for nine months and then signed her. Her first release for the label So Long, cut at her second Atlantic session on May 25,1949 with the Eddie Condon band, was a major hit, reaching #6 on the R&B chart. Brown went on to more than eighty songs for the label, becoming the most prolific. So significant was Browns success to Atlantics fortunes that the label became known colloquially as The House That Ruth Built. The Clovers Dont You Know I Love You became the labels first R&B #1 in September 1951 and she hit #1 again in March–April 1952 with 5-10-15 Hours. After she left the label in 1961 Browns fortunes declined rapidly - within a few years was reduced to working as a cleaner and bus-driver to support her children. Brown eventually received a payment of $20,000 and founded a charity
Atlantic Records
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"Weird Al" Yankovic edits the Atlantic Records' Wikipedia page to read "YOU SUCK!" in the music video for the song "
White & Nerdy "
Atlantic Records
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Atlantic Records logo as of 2015.
7.
Warner Music Group
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Warner Music Group is an American multinational entertainment and record label conglomerate headquartered in New York City. With a multibillion-dollar annual turnover, WMG employs in excess of 3,500 people and has operations in more than 50 countries throughout the world, the company owns and operates some of the largest and most successful record labels in the world, including its flagship labels Warner Bros. WMG also owns Warner/Chappell Music, one of the worlds largest music publishers, the film company had no record label division at the time and one of its contracted actors, Tab Hunter, scored a hit song for Dot Records, which was a division of rival Paramount Pictures. In order to prevent any repetition of its actors recording for rival companies, in 1963, Warner purchased Reprise Records, which had been founded by Frank Sinatra three years earlier so that he could have more creative control over his recordings. With the Reprise acquisition, Warner gained the services of Mo Ostin, the Canadian unit was opened in 1967 as Warner Reprise Canada Ltd, now called Warner Music Canada Co. After Warner Bros. was sold to Seven Arts Productions in 1967, it purchased Atlantic Records, founded in 1947 and WMGs oldest label and this acquisition brought Neil Young into the company fold, initially as a member of Buffalo Springfield. The Geffen catalogue, now owned by Universal Music Group, represents Youngs only major recordings not under WMG ownership, in 1969, two years after being purchased by Seven Arts, the Warner Bros. -Seven Arts company was sold to the Kinney National Company. Kinney combined the operations of all of its labels. An earlier attempt by Warner Bros. Records to create a distribution arm in 1958 didnt materialize. So in 1969, Elektra Records boss Jac Holzman approached Atlantics Jerry Wexler with the idea of setting up a joint distribution network for Warner, Elektra, an experimental branch was established in Southern California as a possible prototype for an expanded operation. Atlantic, its subsidiary Atco Records, and its affiliate Stax Records paved the way for Warners rise to industry prominence, the purchase brought in Atlantics lucrative back-catalogue, which included classic recordings by Ray Charles, the Drifters, the Coasters, and many more. But the sale led to Stax leaving the Atlantic fold because the new Warner owners insisted on keeping the rights to Stax recordings and it was soon apparent in 1969 that Atlantic/Atco president Ahmet Ertegün viewed Warner/Reprise president Mike Maitland as godlike. Maitland believed that, as vice-president in charge of the Warner Bros, in retrospect Ertegün clearly feared that Maitland would ultimately have more power than him and so he moved rapidly to secure his own position and remove Maitland. Following the takeover, Warners music group briefly adopted the umbrella name Kinney Music, erteguns campaign against Maitland began in earnest that summer. Atlantic had agreed to help Warner Bros. in its efforts to establish its labels overseas, Mike Maitland complained bitterly to Kinney executive Ted Ashley, but to no avail – by this time Ertegun was poised to make his move against Maitland. As he had with Hyman, Ertegun urged Steve Ross to extend Mo Ostin and Joe Smiths contracts, in response, Ertegun broadly hinted that Maitlands days were numbered and that he, Ertegun, was about to take over the recording division. Unlike the Warner/Reprise executives, Atlantics execs the Ertegun brothers and Wexler owned stock in Kinney, on Sunday January 25, Ted Ashley went to Maitlands house to tell him he had been dismissed, and Maitland declined the offer of a job at the movie studio. One week later, Mo Ostin was named as the new President of Warner Bros, Records, with Joe Smith as his Executive Vice-President
Warner Music Group
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Warner Music Group
8.
DreamWorks Records
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DreamWorks Records was an American record label. Founded in 1996 by David Geffen, Steven Spielberg and Jeffrey Katzenberg as a subsidiary of DreamWorks SKG, the label itself also featured a Nashville, Tennessee-based subsidiary, DreamWorks Nashville, which specialized in country music and was shut down in 2005. The companys logo was designed by Roy Lichtenstein and was his last commission before his death in 1997, in 1996, six years after Geffen sold Geffen Records to MCA Music Entertainment, he joined Spielberg and Katzenberg to form DreamWorks SKG, which included the subsidiary DreamWorks Records. The labels logo was the last project completed by artist Roy Lichtenstein, Geffen Records distributed DreamWorks until 1999, when Interscope Records took over distribution duties. Rufus Wainwright was the first to be signed to the new label in early 1996, henry Rollins, Tamar Braxton, George Michael, Randy Newman, Morphine, Eels, comedian/actor Chris Rock, Powerman 5000 and others were also signed to the label. The label was presided over by Lenny Waronker and Mo Ostin and it was announced on November 11,2003 that Universal Music Group reached an agreement to acquire DreamWorks Records from DreamWorks SKG for about $100 million. The purchase came at a time when the business was going through major changes as it struggled to counter falling sales. Under the deal new, DreamWorks Records was placed within the Interscope Geffen A&M label, DreamWorks was folded into Geffen Records in 2004. Its country music division, meanwhile, remained operational until January 29,2006, between 1998 and 2005, DreamWorks also operated a division in Nashville, Tennessee for country music acts. Among the artists signed to the DreamWorks Nashville division were Jessica Andrews, Emerson Drive, Toby Keith, Randy Travis, Jimmy Wayne, after DreamWorks Records dissolution, former executive Scott Borchetta formed Big Machine Records in late 2005, signing several country music acts to the label. Borchetta also signed Show Dog Records in partnership with Toby Keith, meanwhile, Borchetta signed Taylor Swift to DreamWorks Records. The latter label merged with Universal South Records to become Show Dog-Universal Music, DreamWorks Records discography List of DreamWorks Records artists List of record labels Video Interview with Lenny Waronker, former President of DreamWorks Records
DreamWorks Records
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DreamWorks Records
9.
Full Surface Records
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Full Surface Records was a record label founded in 2001, by American hip hop recording artist and record producer Kasseem Swizz Beatz Dean. With the help of his protégé, Philadelphia-based rapper Cassidy, who was the first artist signed, the label used to operate through Sony Music Entertainments J Records and through Universal Music Groups Interscope Records, Motown Records and Universal Motown. However, the also had released material through joint ventures with other companies outside the Sony BMG Music Entertainment group. It operated as a subsidiary of Warner Music Group and was distributed by Atlantic Records, in 2001, Philadelphia-based battle rapper Cassidy, was the first artist to sign a recording contract with Full Surface. In 2002, it was announced Swizz Beatz signed Southern rapper Yung Wun, in a January 2003 interview with AllHipHop, Swizz Beatz said, My new label is on its way, by storm. We are moving like the army on the creep, I wanted something new so I got a mix of talent – Bounty Killa, Cassidy, Mashonda, Yung Wun, Big Tigg and Mr. Sweat – with me the beat man. In 2005, legendary Cleveland-based rap group Bone Thugs-n-Harmony, signed with Full Surface and secured a deal with Interscope Records. In 2005, DMX was about to sign to Full Surface Records, in April 2006, it was announced Ruff Ryders alumni Eve, signed a joint venture deal with Full Surface Records and Dr. Dres Aftermath Entertainment. Eve went on to release the singles Tambourine and Give It to You, on October 25,2007, it was announced another Ruff Ryders alumni, Drag-On, signed a record deal with Full Surface Records. Neo da Matrix - A producer from Philadelphia, also signed to Ruff Ryders Entertainment and was signed with Roc-A-Fella Records. Snags - A producer who has produced songs for Swizz Beatz, Swizz Beatz All releases distributed by J Records, unless otherwise noted
Full Surface Records
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Full Surface Records
10.
Ruff Ryders Entertainment
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Ruff Ryders Entertainment is a record label founded by Joaquin Waah Dean and Darin Dee Dean and Chivon Dean, uncles and aunt of producer Swizz Beatz. It operated as a subsidiary of Universal Music Group, and was distributed by Fontana Distribution, Ruff Ryders founders were initially famous for managing rappers DMX and The Lox who became multi-platinum stars for Def Jam Recordings and Bad Boy Records in the late-1990s. After DMXs success, the management company started its own label imprint through Interscope Records, the Deans nephew Swizz Beatz is the main producer for most of the acts on the roster. In 2000, when DMX accepted an award for the best Rap album at the Billboard Music Awards, in 2001, Cassidy and the labelmate Yung Wun signed to the label Full Surface through Swizz Beatz. A Ruff Ryders Reunion Album was announced by Swizz Beatz and was set to release in 2008. In 2010, founders Joaquin and Darin Dean decided to revamp the brand through a new venture known as Ruff Ryders Indy, in addition to Ruff Ryder Indy, other brands include Ruff Ryders Films, Powerhouse Recording Studios, NatPro, a promotional company, and RR Rescue. 1 Ryde or Die Vol.2 Ryde Or Die Vol.3, In the R We Trust The Redemption Vol.4 Ruff Ryders, Past, Present, stories One Man Band Man Cassidy Split Personality Im A Hustla B. A. R. S. The Barry Adrian Reese Story Yung Wun The Dirtiest Thirstiest Official Ruff Ryders Website
Ruff Ryders Entertainment
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Ruff Ryders Entertainment
11.
Busta Rhymes
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Trevor George Smith Jr. better known by his stage name Busta Rhymes, is an American recording artist, actor, record producer and record executive. Chuck D of Public Enemy gave him the moniker Busta Rhymes, about. com included him on its list of the 50 Greatest MCs of Our Time, while Steve Huey of AllMusic called him one of the best and most prolific rappers of the 1990s. In 2012, The Source placed him on their list of the Top 50 Lyricists of All Time, MTV has called him one of hip-hops greatest visual artists. Busta Rhymes was an member of Leaders of the New School. He later went on and founded the record label Conglomerate and production crew The Conglomerate, in November 2011, Busta Rhymes signed a deal with Cash Money Records. On July 23,2014, Busta Rhymes announced that he left Cash Money Records due to differences and was no longer on Republic. In 2016 Rhymes signed with Epic for his album due to be released in early 2017. He has so far released nine albums, with the first being the 1996 platinum-selling album The Coming. His list of hit singles include Woo Hah, got You All in Check, Put Your Hands Where My Eyes Could See, Dangerous, Turn It Up /Fire It Up, Gimme Some More, Whats It Gonna Be. Pass the Courvoisier, Part II, I Know What You Want and Touch It, Busta Rhymes was born Trevor George Smith Jr. in Brooklyn, New York, on May 20,1972 to Geraldine Green and Trevor Smith, who are from Jamaica. The most known story of Bustas tenure at Westinghouse High School was battle rapping his fellow schoolmate Jay Z in the schools cafeteria one day, to whom he ultimately lost. In 1989, Smith, alongside fellow Long Island natives Charlie Brown, Dinco D and Cut Monitor Milo, the groups big break was when they became an opening act for fellow Long Island hip hop group Public Enemy. Public Enemys Chuck D gave Busta Rhymes and Charlie Brown their respective stage names, Leaders of the New School began recording in late 1989 and released their debut album A Future Without a Past. in 1991 on Elektra Records. In early 1992, the group appeared on A Tribe Called Quests posse cut Scenario, soon after, however, internal problems arose because of Busta Rhymess increasing popularity, and the group broke up on the set of Yo. By the summer of 1992, Rhymes began making guest appearances on songs by artists such as Big Daddy Kane, Another Bad Creation. Brand Nubian, A Tribe Called Quest, KRS-One, as well on the interludes to Mary J. Bliges debut Whats the 411. and R&B trio TLCs Diamond-certified second album CrazySexyCool. He also appeared on the jacket of fellow hip-hop group A Tribe Called Quests Midnight Marauders. In early 1993, he appeared in a role in Whos the Man
Busta Rhymes
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Busta Rhymes in 2002
Busta Rhymes
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Busta Rhymes performing in 2006
12.
Cassidy (rapper)
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Barry Adrian Reese, better known by his stage name Cassidy, is an American hip hop recording artist from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He embarked on his career as a freestyle and battle rapper, later earning a record deal in 2002, with Ruff Ryders and Full Surface Records. Cassidy is perhaps best known for his hit singles Hotel, Get No Better, Im a Hustla, B-Boy Stance, Split Personality, Cassidys debut album, arrived in March 2004, and debuted at the number two spot on the US Billboard 200 chart. The following year, Cassidy returned with Im a Hustla, which was released two weeks after he was charged with a murder that took place in his Philadelphia neighborhood. After being seriously injured in a accident in October 2006 and suffering from amnesia. In 2002, Cassidy signed a contract with American music producer Swizz Beatzs Full Surface imprint, under the aegis of Ruff Ryders Entertainment. On November 29,2003, he released his debut single, Hotel. The song reached the Top 10 of the US Billboard Hot 100 chart, the second single, Get No Better, features Mashonda. On March 16,2004, Cassidy released his debut album and it was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America, in the first month. On March 14,2005, Cassidy released the single Im a Hustla, the next single, B-Boy Stance, features vocals and production from his mentor, Swizz Beatz. On June 28,2005, Cassidy released his studio album. It debuted at one on the US Billboard 200 chart. In 2006, after his release from prison and recovering from an accident, Cassidy began work on his third studio album. The album was released on November 6,2007, debuting at number 10 on the Billboard 200, the album was led by the single My Drink n My 2 Step, featuring vocals and production from Swizz Beatz. In late 2009, Cassidy signed with Carmelo Anthonys label Kross Over Entertainment, while preparing his fourth studio album, he released a mixtape series entitled Apply Pressure. On August 24,2010, Cassidy released the 5-track EP Face 2 Face, on November 16,2010, Cassidys fourth studio album, C. A. S. H. was released. On its first week it had sold about 5,200 copies, drumma Bass was the only official single from the album. On May 21,2012, Cassidy hosted a party for his mixtape Mayhem Music
Cassidy (rapper)
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Cassidy in May 2005
13.
DMX (rapper)
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Earl Simmons, professionally known as DMX, is an American rapper, record producer, and actor. In 1999, DMX released his best-selling album. And Then There Was X and he has been featured in films such as Belly, Romeo Must Die, Exit Wounds, Cradle 2 the Grave and Last Hour. In 2006, he starred in the reality television series DMX, Soul of a Man, in 2003, DMX published a book of his memoirs entitled, E. A. R. L. DMX was born Earl Simmons in Mount Vernon, New York, the son of Arnett Simmons and Joe Barker, as a child, he was brought up in the Jehovahs Witness faith. Simmons went through a childhood that included stays at group homes. In 1991, Gabriel Grevenstuk from The Source magazine praised DMX in his Unsigned Hype column that highlighted unsigned hip-hop artists, in 1991, DMX recorded his first demos, Unstoppable Force and Three Little Pigs. His stage name was a tribute to an instrument he used in the 1980s, in 1992, Columbia Records signed DMX to their subsidiary label Ruffhouse, which released his debut single Born Loser. The single did not receive much airplay, the label eventually agreed to release DMX from their contract. He also appeared on LL Cool Js single 4,3,2,1 in 1997, additional guest spots on Mase singles 24 Hrs. to Live and Take Whats Yours, and The LOXs single Money, Power & Respect created a strong buzz. DMX also made a appearance in the Sum 41 music video for Makes No Difference. In February 1998, DMX released his debut single, Get at Me Dog. The single was certified Gold by the RIAA and his first major-label album, Its Dark and Hell Is Hot, which included the single Ruff Ryders Anthem, was released in May 1998. The album debuted at one on the Billboard 200 chart in the U. S. Later that year in December, DMX released his album, Flesh of My Flesh. It debuted at one on the Billboard 200, where it remained for three consecutive weeks. Within one week of the release,670,000 units were shipped. It was eventually certified Platinum four times, as a result, DMX was the first rapper in history to have released two number one albums in the same year, both of which debuted on Billboard 200. DMX released his third and best-selling album. And Then There Was X and it was his third album to debut at number one on the Billboard 200
DMX (rapper)
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DMX in February 2007
DMX (rapper)
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DMX 2001
14.
Eve (rapper)
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Eve Jihan Jeffers-Cooper is an American rapper and actress from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. She is also the winner of the Grammy Award for Best Rap/Sung Collaboration in 2002, for the song Let Me Blow Ya Mind. Eve was number 48 on VH1s 50 Greatest Women of the Video Era list and she has also achieved success in fashion, with her clothing line, Fetish. Eve was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, the daughter of Julie Wilch, a publishing company supervisor, and Jerry Jeffers, a chemical plant supervisor. She adopted the name Gangsta in high school as part of a group called EDGP During her early years in Philadelphia. Eves first musical interest was singing and she sang in many choirs and even formed an all-female singing group with a manager. This group covered songs from En Vogue and Color Me Badd, the groups manager suggested that the group should rap after seeing ABC, and Eve stuck with it. She then went on to form a rapping group, after the group split, Eve began working on a solo career under the name Eve of Destruction. Eve has lived in Los Angeles, New York City, in 1999, she was featured on Princes album Rave Un2 The Joy Fantastic, and she was to co-star on the eventually cancelled Hot Wit U single from that same album. Eve is featured on the song You Got Me by The Roots, the song won a Grammy Award in 2000, which should have been Eves first. She stated on Late Night with Jimmy Fallon in 2009 that she did not receive a Grammy for the track, questlove, from The Roots, had brought his Grammy to the show that night and showed shes not even credited on the award plaque. She also provided vocals on the song Aint Sayin Nothin New from the same album. In the albums notes, she is referred to as Eve of Destruction. Eve first appeared on the Bulworth soundtrack as Eve of Destruction while signed to Dr. Dres Aftermath Entertainment, Billboard Hot 100 peaking at 29. Her 1999 debut, Let There Be Eve, two singles were released from the album, Gotta Man and Love Is Blind featuring Faith Evans. The first one peaked at number 26 on the Billboard Hot 100, in November 1999, Eve featured on Missy Elliotts single Hot Boyz along with Nas, Lil Mo and Q-Tip. The song became a hit, spending 18 weeks at one on the Hot Rap Singles from November 16,1999 to March 7,2000. The follow-up to Ruff Ryders First Lady, Scorpion, was released in 2001 and its first single, Whos That Girl guaranteed the rapper first international success
Eve (rapper)
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Eve at The
Heart Truth 's Red Dress Collection Fashion Show in February 2011
Eve (rapper)
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Eve at the premiere of
Whip It at the
2009 Toronto International Film Festival
Eve (rapper)
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Eve performing at the Roxy in 2013
Eve (rapper)
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Maximillion and Eve at the Gumball 3000 launch party.
15.
Jadakiss
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Jason Phillips, better known as Jadakiss, is an American rapper. He is a member of the group The LOX and the hip hop collective Ruff Ryders, Jadakiss is one of the three owners of the imprint known as D-Block Records. In early 2007, Jadakiss signed to Roc-a-Fella Records and Def Jam Records, Jadakiss has also released four studio albums, with the most recent being Top 5 Dead or Alive on November 20,2015. By age 16, Jadakiss was a freestyle rapper and he and some of his friends were given the opportunity to compete in the Jack the Rapper Competition in Florida, where Jadakiss had been noticed for his battle rap ability. He met Dee and Wah of the Ruff Ryders, and began hanging out, Phillips founded the rap group The Warlocks in 1994 with friends, Sheek Louch and Styles P. They later signed to Bad Boy Entertainment, where it was suggested that change their name simply to The LOX. They made their first appearance on The Main Sources 1994 LP Fuck What You Think on the track Set it Off, the group, especially Jadakiss, developed a close relationship with The Notorious B. I. G. during which time Jadakiss was taken under Biggies wing. The LOXs first hit was the tribute to The Notorious B. I. G. called Well Always Love Big Poppa in 1997, in 1998, the LOX released Money, Power & Respect. Though the record was successful, eventually going Platinum, The LOX grew unhappy with Bad Boy Records and Puffys glossy, following this album, they left the label to sign with Ruff Ryders Entertainment. Jadakisss debut album, Kiss Tha Game Goodbye, was released in August 2001 on the Ruff Ryders/Interscope label. The album featured guests and producers such as DJ Premier, The Alchemist, DMX, Eve, Snoop Dogg and Swizz Beatz. Jadakiss has acknowledged the criticism as, generally speaking, valid, the album produced three singles, We Gonna Make It featuring Styles P, Knock Yourself Out and Put Ya Hands Up. Jadakiss is mentioned in Eminems 2002 song Till I Collapse as one of the best rappers in the industry, Jadakisss second album, Kiss of Death, was released in June 2004. His song Why. became one of the years biggest hits, spawning a remix featuring Styles P, Common, Nas, why. remains Jadas biggest hit, peaking at #11 on the Billboard Hot 100. Another single from the record, U Make Me Wanna, featured Mariah Carey and was a more commercially driven love song. Kiss of Death did not reflect the popularity of its lead single, in late 2007, Jadakiss signed to Jay-Zs Roc-A-Fella Records, a move Jay had been trying to arrange for a long time. In 2009, Jadakiss released his official album, The Last Kiss. The first single is By My Side, featuring Ne-Yo, the second official single is Cant Stop Me
Jadakiss
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Jadakiss at the Sound Academy in 2014.
Jadakiss
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Jadakiss in 2009.
16.
Jay-Z
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Shawn Corey Carter, known professionally as Jay Z, is an American rapper, businessman, and investor. He is one of the musicians of all time, having sold more than 100 million records. MTV ranked him the Greatest MC of all time in 2006, Rolling Stone ranked three of his albums—Reasonable Doubt, The Blueprint, and The Black Album —among the 500 greatest albums of all time. In 2014, Forbes estimated his net worth at nearly $520 million, Jay Z co-owns the New York 40/40 Club sports bar, and is the co-creator of the clothing line Rocawear. He is the president of Def Jam Recordings, co-founder of Roc-A-Fella Records. He also founded the sports agency Roc Nation Sports and is a certified NBA, as an artist, he holds the record for most number one albums by a solo artist on the Billboard 200 with 13. He has also had four number ones on the Billboard Hot 100, in 2009, he was ranked the tenth-most successful artist of the 2000s by Billboard as well as the fifth top solo male artist and fourth top rapper behind Eminem, Nelly, and 50 Cent. He was also ranked the 88th-greatest artist of all time by Rolling Stone, Jay Z married Singer-Songwriter Beyoncé in 2008. Shawn Carter was born in Brooklyn, New York, and was raised in Marcy Houses and he and his three siblings were raised by their mother, Gloria Carter after their father, Adness Reeves abandoned the family. Reeves would later meet and reconcile with Jay Z before dying from liver failure in 2003, Jay Z claims in his lyrics that in 1982, at the age of 12, he shot his older brother in the shoulder for stealing his jewelry. Along with future rapper AZ, Carter attended Eli Whitney High School in Brooklyn until it was closed down, according to his interviews and lyrics, during this period he sold crack cocaine and was shot at three times. According to his mother, Carter used to wake up his siblings at night banging out drum patterns on the kitchen table and she bought him a boom box for his birthday, sparking his interest in music. He began freestyling and writing lyrics, known as Jazzy around the neighborhood, Carter later adopted the showbiz/stage name Jay-Z in homage to his mentor Jaz-O. He would drop the hyphen in 2013, Jay Z can be briefly heard on several of Jaz-Os early recordings in the late 1980s and early 1990s, including The Originators and Hawaiian Sophie. Jay Z became embroiled in several battles with rapper LL Cool J in the early 1990s and he first became known to a wide audience on the posse cut Show and Prove on the 1994 Big Daddy Kane album Daddys Home. When I would leave the stage to go change outfits, I would bring out Jay Z and Positive K and let them freestyle until I came back to the stage. The young Jay Z appeared on a song by Big L, Da Graveyard, and on Mic Geronimos Time to Build. His first official rap single was called In My Lifetime, for which he released a music video, an unreleased music video was also produced for the B-side I Cant Get with That
Jay-Z
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Jay Z at the Shawn Carter Foundation Carnival, 2011
Jay-Z
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Jay Z (top) with a friend (bottom) in
Trenton, New Jersey, circa 1988
Jay-Z
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Jay Z in 2003
Jay-Z
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Jay Z at a concert in 2006.
17.
The Lox
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The Lox is an American hip hop group formed in 1994, from Yonkers, New York. The group is composed of East Coast rappers Sheek Louch, Styles P and they had originally signed to Sean Combs Bad Boy Records in 1995, before joining Ruff Ryders Entertainment in 1999, and have since launched their own label, D-Block Records. Jason Jadakiss Phillips, David Styles P Styles, and Sean Sheek Louch Jacobs, began their careers in their hometown of Yonkers. As high school students formed a group called The Bomb Squad and began performing at local shows. In 1994 they appeared on Main Sources Set It Off from the album Fuck What You Think, the group eventually changed their name to The Warlocks and continued developing a fan base by appearing on underground mixtapes. One of their admirers was the Queen of Hip hop soul, Mary passed their demo tape on to Bad Boy CEO Sean Puffy Combs who signed them to a deal. At the behest of Combs, The Warlocks later changed their name to The L. O. X which stands for Living Off eXperience. The trio later appeared on a multitude of hits, Mases 24 Hrs. to Live, Mariah Careys Honey, the groups debut album Money, Power & Respect went platinum. The Ruff Ryders had always served as the Loxs managers and the group felt like the new label could better represent the hard-core sensibilities which they expressed in their rhymes. Bad Boy was known for its radio friendly dance hits and high priced videos, the identities clashed — We just needed to be with a rougher label, said Sheek Louch. A harder label that fit our image, the LOX tried all of the legal maneuvering available to be released from their contract with Bad Boy. However, when the lawyers and conference calls didnt work, the group did what they do best and they took their story to the streets. At a New York rap concert, the defiant group sported Let the LOX Go T-shirts, pressure resultant from the campaign ultimately caused Bad Boy to release the group from their contract. We really changed the game by doing that, says Styles concerning the contractual drama and it might take years from now, but other people are gonna do it. We made it so they dont have to be scared to speak up, through much of the years following, the group contemplated other labels to sign to as a collective. All the while working on music, each continued to record steadily releasing various solo studio albums. A collaborative album with the Wu-Tang Clan was released in 2012 titled Wu Block, the end result was billed as a collaborative album between members Sheek Louch and The Wu-Tang Clans Ghostface Killah. In June 2013, Jadakiss told XXL magazine that several labels, including Bad Boy and Maybach Music Group, on December 18,2013, the group released a surprise extended play titled The Trinity, on iTunes
The Lox
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Lox Members
Styles P and
Jadakiss Performing at the Sound Academy 2014
18.
T.I.
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Clifford Joseph Harris Jr. better known by his stage names T. I. and Tip, is an American hip hop recording artist and actor from Atlanta, Georgia. He signed his first major-label record deal in 1999, with Arista Records subsidiary, in 2001, T. I. formed the Southern hip hop group Pimp Squad Click, alongside his longtime friends and fellow Atlanta-based rappers. Upon being released from Arista, T. I. signed to Atlantic Records and subsequently became the executive officer of his own label imprint, Grand Hustle Records. T. I. is also perhaps best known as one of the artists who popularized the hip hop subgenre trap music, along with Young Jeezy and Gucci Mane. T. I. has released nine albums, with seven of them reaching the top five of the US Billboard 200 chart. Throughout his career, T. I. has also released several successful singles, including Bring Em Out, Whatever You Like, Live Your Life, Dead and Gone, Ball. He began to gain recognition in 2003, following his first high-profile feature, on fellow Atlanta-based rapper Bone Crushers hit single. He earned more prominence with the release of Trap Muzik, which includes the Top 40 hits, Rubber Band Man, the next year, T. I. appeared on Destinys Childs international hit, Soldier, alongside Lil Wayne. His subsequent albums, King and T. I. vs. T. I. P. generated high record sales and were supported by singles, such as What You Know and Big Shit Poppin. In 2013, T. I. was featured on Robin Thickes hit single Blurred Lines, alongside Pharrell Williams, in November 2013, T. I. announced that he had signed with Columbia Records, after his 10-year contract with Atlantic came to an end. He released his Columbia Records debut, Paperwork, in October 2014, in February 2016, T. I. announced he signed a distribution deal with Roc Nation, to release his tenth album. T. I. has won three Grammy Awards, namely Best Rap Solo Performance, Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group and Best Rap/Sung Collaboration. T. I. has served two terms in county jail, twice for probation violations and a federal prison bid for a U. S. federal weapons charge, while serving 11 months in prison, he released his seventh studio album, No Mercy. T. I. has also had an acting career, starring in the films ATL, Takers, Get Hard, Identity Thief. He is also an author, having written two novels Power & Beauty and Trouble & Triumph, both of which were released to moderate success. T. I. has also starred in the American reality television series T. I. s Road to Redemption, in 2009, Billboard ranked him as the 27th Artist of the 2000s decade. Clifford Joseph Harris Jr. was born on September 25,1980, in Atlanta, Georgia and he was raised by his grandparents in Atlantas Center Hill neighborhood just off Bankhead Highway. His father resided in New York City, and he would go there to visit
T.I.
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T.I. performing in September 2012.
T.I.
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Mug shot of T.I..
T.I.
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T.I. at the
Summer Jam concert in
Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania on July 23, 2006.
T.I.
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T.I. in 2009.
19.
Disc jockey
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A disc jockey is a person who mixes different sources of pre-existing recorded music as it is playing, usually for a live audience in a nightclub or dance club or via broadcasting. DJs typically perform for an audience in a nightclub or dance club or a TV, radio broadcast audience, or in the 2010s. DJs also create mixes, remixes and tracks that are recorded for later sale, in hip hop music, DJs may create beats, using percussion breaks, basslines and other musical content sampled from pre-existing records. In hip hop, rappers and MCs use these beats to rap over, DJs use equipment that can play at least two sources of recorded music simultaneously and mix them together. This allows the DJ to create seamless transitions between recordings and develop unique mixes of songs, DJ equipment, notably the specialized DJ mixer, a small audio mixer with a crossfader and cue functions. The crossfader enables the DJ to blend or transition from one song to another, the cue knobs or switches allow the DJ to preview a source of recorded music in headphones before playing it for the live club or broadcast audience. Previewing the music in headphones helps the DJ pick the track they want to play. DJs may also use a microphone to speak to the audience, effects such as reverb to create sound effects, drum machines. The title DJ is also used by DJs in front of their real names or adopted pseudonyms or stage names as a title to denote their profession. Some DJs focus on creating a mix of songs for the club dancers or radio audience. Other DJs use turntablism techniques such as scratching, in which the DJ or turntablist manipulates the record player turntable to create new sounds. In many types of DJing, including club DJing and radio/TV DJing, there are several types of disc jockey. Radio DJs or radio personalities introduce and play music that is broadcast on AM, FM, club DJs select and play music in bars, nightclubs or discothèques, or at parties, raves, or even in stadiums. Mobile DJs travel with portable sound systems and play recorded music at a variety of events. Some mobile DJs also serve as the master of ceremonies at weddings or other events, directing the attention of attendees, there are also many competitions for DJs that specialize in different turntablism techniques, such as mixing, hip hop music-style scratching or other kinds of techniques. Other types of DJ use musical performance techniques that allow them to be categorized as performing musicians, hip hop DJs and are also often songwriters or music producers who use turntablism and sampling to create backing instrumentals for new tracks. In reggae, the DJ is a vocalist who raps, toasts, chants or chats over pre-recorded rhythm tracks, the individual who helps the DJ by selecting tracks or records to be played is called the selector. Many electronica artists and producers who work as DJs often perform music by combining turntablism with keyboards, digital musical instruments
Disc jockey
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A DJ performing at an event
Disc jockey
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Technics 1200 MK2, Technics 1210 MK2, and Pioneer DJM-500 shown in a common DJ configuration
Disc jockey
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A DJ at Sundance Film Festival 2003
Disc jockey
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A young woman plays a gramophone in an air raid shelter in north London (1940).
20.
East Coast hip hop
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East Coast hip hop is a regional subgenre of hip hop music that originated in the New York City area during the 1970s. In contrast to other styles, East Coast hip hop music has prioritized complex lyrics for attentive listening rather than beats for dancing, the main components of hip hop culture from that time and still today are MCing, DJing, break dancing, and graffiti. In contrast to the rhyme pattern and scheme utilized in old school hip hop. It has also characterized by multi-syllabic rhymes, complex wordplay. East Coast hip hop has a sound and style, it tends to gravitate to aggressive beats. The aggressive and hard-hitting beats of the form were emphasized by such acts as EPMD and Public Enemy, & Rakim, Boogie Down Productions, Big Daddy Kane, Nas, Notorious B. I. G and Slick Rick were noted for their lyrical skill. East coast hip hop is occasionally referred to as New York rap due to its origins, according to AllMusic, At the dawn of the hip-hop era, all rap was East Coast rap. Early artists of the form, including DJ Kool Herc, Grandmaster Flash, Afrika Bambaataa, the Sugarhill Gang, Kurtis Blow, Jam Master Jay, pioneered East Coast hip hop during hip hops development. New York-based groups such as De La Soul, A Tribe Called Quest, later in 1992, Dr. Dres G-Funk record The Chronic would introduce West Coast hip hop to the mainstream. Along with an ability to retain its primary function as party music. Although G-Funk was the most popular variety of hip hop during the early 1990s, during this period, several New York City rappers rising from the local underground scene, began releasing noteworthy albums in the early and mid nineties. Black Moons 1993 debut, Enta Da Stage, was one of the first major recordings to emerge from New Yorks hardcore hip hop scene. The album has been credited with helping spark trends that would come to characterize this period in East Coast hip hop. The Notorious B. I. G. became the figure in East Coast hip hop during most of the 1990s. His success on the charts and rise to the mainstream drew more attention to New York at the time of West Coast hip hops dominance. His commercial success helped pave the way for the success of other East Coast rappers such as Jay-Z, many hip hop aficionados look favorably upon this period as a time of creative growth and influential recordings, describing it as The East Coast Renaissance. Music writer May Blaize of MVRemix Urban comments on the nostalgia felt among hip hop fans for records released during this time, wu-Tang brought the ruckus with 36 Chambers. The world was ours when Nas released Illmatic, Big L, the MVP, came out with Lifestylez ov da Poor and Dangerous
East Coast hip hop
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RZA, producer and member of the
Wu-Tang Clan
East Coast hip hop
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Nas 's 1994 debut album
Illmatic was critically acclaimed
21.
Eve (entertainer)
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Eve Jihan Jeffers-Cooper is an American rapper and actress from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. She is also the winner of the Grammy Award for Best Rap/Sung Collaboration in 2002, for the song Let Me Blow Ya Mind. Eve was number 48 on VH1s 50 Greatest Women of the Video Era list and she has also achieved success in fashion, with her clothing line, Fetish. Eve was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, the daughter of Julie Wilch, a publishing company supervisor, and Jerry Jeffers, a chemical plant supervisor. She adopted the name Gangsta in high school as part of a group called EDGP During her early years in Philadelphia. Eves first musical interest was singing and she sang in many choirs and even formed an all-female singing group with a manager. This group covered songs from En Vogue and Color Me Badd, the groups manager suggested that the group should rap after seeing ABC, and Eve stuck with it. She then went on to form a rapping group, after the group split, Eve began working on a solo career under the name Eve of Destruction. Eve has lived in Los Angeles, New York City, in 1999, she was featured on Princes album Rave Un2 The Joy Fantastic, and she was to co-star on the eventually cancelled Hot Wit U single from that same album. Eve is featured on the song You Got Me by The Roots, the song won a Grammy Award in 2000, which should have been Eves first. She stated on Late Night with Jimmy Fallon in 2009 that she did not receive a Grammy for the track, questlove, from The Roots, had brought his Grammy to the show that night and showed shes not even credited on the award plaque. She also provided vocals on the song Aint Sayin Nothin New from the same album. In the albums notes, she is referred to as Eve of Destruction. Eve first appeared on the Bulworth soundtrack as Eve of Destruction while signed to Dr. Dres Aftermath Entertainment, Billboard Hot 100 peaking at 29. Her 1999 debut, Let There Be Eve, two singles were released from the album, Gotta Man and Love Is Blind featuring Faith Evans. The first one peaked at number 26 on the Billboard Hot 100, in November 1999, Eve featured on Missy Elliotts single Hot Boyz along with Nas, Lil Mo and Q-Tip. The song became a hit, spending 18 weeks at one on the Hot Rap Singles from November 16,1999 to March 7,2000. The follow-up to Ruff Ryders First Lady, Scorpion, was released in 2001 and its first single, Whos That Girl guaranteed the rapper first international success
Eve (entertainer)
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Eve at The
Heart Truth 's Red Dress Collection Fashion Show in February 2011
Eve (entertainer)
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Eve at the premiere of
Whip It at the
2009 Toronto International Film Festival
Eve (entertainer)
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Eve performing at the Roxy in 2013
Eve (entertainer)
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Maximillion and Eve at the Gumball 3000 launch party.
22.
Bone Thugs-n-Harmony
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Bone Thugs-N-Harmony is an American hip hop group from Cleveland, Ohio. It consists of rappers Bizzy Bone, Wish Bone, Layzie Bone, Krayzie Bone, and Flesh-N-Bone. American West Coast rapper Eazy-E, former member of rap group N. W. A, signed Bone Thugs-N-Harmony to Ruthless Records in late 1993, the EP included their breakout hit single Thuggish Ruggish Bone. In 1995, the group released its album, E.1999 Eternal. A tribute to then-recently deceased Eazy-E, titled Tha Crossroads, won a Grammy award in 1997, the Art of War, the groups third album, was also released in 1997. Bone Thugs is the group that has worked with all four deceased artists 2Pac. Eazy-E and Big Pun while they were still alive, the editors of About. com ranked them #12 on their list of the 25 Best Rap Groups of All Time, and MTV called them the most melodic hip-hop group of all time. In 2000, BTNHResurrection reached platinum in one month, while 2002s Thug World Order received more moderate sales and promotion, going gold, after that album, the group went on hiatus from their label and released their sixth studio album, Thug Stories, independently in 2006. In 2007 they had another release, Strength & Loyalty. Bone Thugs-N-Harmony officially returned with their 2010 album Uni5, The Worlds Enemy, released by their own label, BTNH Worldwide. Due to conflicts within the group, longtime members Krayzie Bone and Wish Bone officially left the group in April 2011 to work with their independent label and they would later return, officially re-unifying the group. In August 2013, however, Layzie Bone announced that he would be stepping aside to work more on his solo career, in the same month, BTNH signed with eOne Entertainment, who they had previously partnered with to release 2006s Thug Stories. Layzie Bone has since reformed with the group and they announced they would be conducting a 20-country world tour beginning in December 2014, formed in Cleveland, Ohio in 1991, the group was originally called The Band-Aid Boys. Like so many aspiring rappers around the country, they put in calls to executives at record companies, in hopes of securing a record deal, the group was given an audition over the phone, receiving an unfulfilled promise from rapper Eazy-E to call them back. Determined to reach him, they scrounged together the money for bus tickets to Los Angeles. They left for a three-day Greyhound trek and spent four months on the city streets, nothing came of their search except the news that Eazy-E was, in fact, on his way to Cleveland for a show. The quartet returned to Ohio, where Diego Blak, a marketer and promoter who had been producer of Faces Of Death. There, on November 2,1993, they auditioned for Eazy in his room, Krayzie performed his verse of Flow Motion from the Faces of Death album
Bone Thugs-n-Harmony
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Bone Thugs-N-Harmony in 2010
23.
Swizz Beatz Presents G.H.E.T.T.O. Stories
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Stories is a compilation album by American hip hop record producer and recording artist Swizz Beatz, released December 10,2002, under Interscope, DreamWorks, and Full Surface. It debuted at #50 on the Billboard 200 album chart, selling 60,000 copies in its first week, the album spawned three singles, including the hit Good Times, as performed by Styles P. • Co-producer • Additional production
Swizz Beatz Presents G.H.E.T.T.O. Stories
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Swizz Beatz Presents G.H.E.T.T.O. Stories
24.
One Man Band Man
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One Man Band Man is the debut studio album by American hip hop recording artist and record producer Swizz Beatz, released on August 21,2007, through Full Surface and Universal Motown Records. The album features guest appearances from Drag-On, Lil Wayne, R. Kelly, the albums production was handled by Swizz Beatz himself, as well as producers such as The Individualz, Needlz, Nottz, Snags, Neo Da Matrix, Eric McCaine, Young World Music. Swizz Beatz announced he was working on his first solo album on November 14,2006 at Green Lanterns mixshow, the first offering was Come and Get Me featuring Cassidy and produced by Buckwild. Swizz said this about it, This is the warm up, the push up before you hit the bar. Im tired of playing the back, im ready to get it poppin. The song Part of the Plan was supposed to be the official single but due to low record sales. The music video was supposed to be based on the movie Crash and was supposed to be directed by the director of the movie himself, the video was also set to be shot in London. It was replaced with Top Down, whose video is seen at the end of the video for Money in the Bank. One Man Band Man debuted at number 7 on the US Billboard 200, selling 45,000 copies in its first week and it also debuted at number one on the Billboards Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart. On September 20,2008, the album has sold 159,400 copies in the United States, sample credits Its Me Bitches contains a sample of Hollywood Babylon, as performed by Crazy Town. Bust Ya Gunz embodies portions of Down Bottom, as performed by Drag-On, take a Picture contains a sample of Lovely Day, as performed by Bill Withers. Top Down contains a sample of Girl, Come on Home, Money in the Bank contains a sample of Eric B. Is President, as performed by Eric B & Rakim, Part of the Plan contains a sample of X&Y, as performed by Coldplay. Its Me. contains a sample of Get Me Bodied, as performed by Beyoncé and C. R. E. A. M. as performed by Wu-Tang Clan
One Man Band Man
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One Man Band Man
25.
Pop music
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Pop music is a genre of popular music that originated in its modern form in the United States and United Kingdom during the mid 1950s. The terms popular music and pop music are used interchangeably, although the former describes all music that is popular. Pop and rock were synonymous terms until the late 1960s, when they were used in opposition from each other. Although pop music is seen as just the singles charts, it is not the sum of all chart music. Pop music is eclectic, and often borrows elements from other such as urban, dance, rock, Latin. Identifying factors include generally short to medium-length songs written in a format, as well as the common use of repeated choruses, melodic tunes. David Hatch and Stephen Millward define pop music as a body of music which is distinguishable from popular, jazz, according to Pete Seeger, pop music is professional music which draws upon both folk music and fine arts music. Although pop music is seen as just the singles charts, it is not the sum of all chart music, the music charts contain songs from a variety of sources, including classical, jazz, rock, and novelty songs. Pop music, as a genre, is seen as existing and developing separately, pop music continuously evolves along with the terms definition. The term pop song was first recorded as being used in 1926, Hatch and Millward indicate that many events in the history of recording in the 1920s can be seen as the birth of the modern pop music industry, including in country, blues and hillbilly music. The Oxford Dictionary of Music states that while pops earlier meaning meant concerts appealing to a wide audience. Since the late 1950s, however, pop has had the meaning of non-classical mus, usually in the form of songs, performed by such artists as the Beatles. Grove Music Online also states that, in the early 1960s pop music competed terminologically with beat music, while in the USA its coverage overlapped with that of rock and roll. From about 1967, the term was used in opposition to the term rock music. Whereas rock aspired to authenticity and an expansion of the possibilities of music, pop was more commercial, ephemeral. It is not driven by any significant ambition except profit and commercial reward, and, in musical terms, it is essentially conservative. It is, provided from on high rather than being made from below, pop is not a do-it-yourself music but is professionally produced and packaged. The beat and the melodies tend to be simple, with limited harmonic accompaniment, the lyrics of modern pop songs typically focus on simple themes – often love and romantic relationships – although there are notable exceptions
Pop music
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The Oxford Dictionary of Music states that the term "pop" refers to music performed by such artists as
the Rolling Stones (pictured here in a 2006 performance)
Pop music
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According to several sources,
MTV helped give rise to
pop stars such as
Michael Jackson and
Madonna; and Jackson and Madonna helped make MTV.
Pop music
26.
Soul music
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Soul music is a popular music genre that originated in the United States in the late 1950s and early 1960s. It combines elements of African-American gospel music, rhythm and blues, Soul music became popular for dancing and listening in the United States, where record labels such as Motown, Atlantic and Stax were influential during the Civil Rights Movement. Soul also became popular around the world, directly influencing rock music, catchy rhythms, stressed by handclaps and extemporaneous body moves, are an important feature of soul music. Other characteristics are a call and response between the lead vocalist and the chorus and a tense vocal sound. The style also occasionally uses improvisational additions, twirls and auxiliary sounds, Soul music reflected the African-American identity and it stressed the importance of an African-American culture. The new-found African-American consciousness led to new styles of music, which boasted pride in being black, Soul music dominated the U. S. R&B chart in the 1960s, and many recordings crossed over into the pop charts in the U. S. By 1968, the music genre had begun to splinter. Some soul artists developed funk music, while other singers and groups developed slicker, more sophisticated, by the early 1970s, soul music had been influenced by psychedelic rock and other genres, leading to psychedelic soul. The United States saw the development of neo soul around 1994, there are also several other subgenres and offshoots of soul music. The term soul had been used among African-American musicians to emphasize the feeling of being an African-American in the United States, according to another source, Soul music was the result of the urbanization and commercialization of rhythm and blues in the 60s. The phrase soul music itself, referring to music with secular lyrics, is first attested in 1961. The term soul in African-American parlance has connotations of African-American pride, gospel groups in the 1940s and 1950s occasionally used the term as part of their name. The jazz style that derived from gospel came to be called soul jazz, important innovators whose recordings in the 1950s contributed to the emergence of soul music included Clyde McPhatter, Hank Ballard, and Etta James. Ray Charles is often cited as popularizing the genre with his string of hits starting with 1954s I Got a Woman. Singer Bobby Womack said, Ray was the genius and he turned the world onto soul music. Charles was open in acknowledging the influence of Pilgrim Travelers vocalist Jesse Whitaker on his singing style, little Richard and James Brown were equally influential. Sam Cooke and Jackie Wilson are also acknowledged as soul forefathers. Cooke became popular as the singer of gospel group The Soul Stirrers
Soul music
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James Brown
Soul music
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Al Green, influential soul performer
Soul music
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Levi Stubbs singing lead with the Four Tops in 1966
Soul music
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Isaac Hayes performing in 1973
27.
Noreaga
–
Victor Santiago, Jr. best known by his stage name N. O. R. E. Formerly Noreaga, is an American hip hop and reggaeton recording artist, Santiago first rose to prominence as one half of the East Coast hip hop duo Capone-N-Noreaga, alongside fellow Queens-based rapper Capone. He would also have success as a solo artist with the singles Superthug, Banned from T. V. Nothin, Oye Mi Canto, Santiago has released music under various record labels, including Penalty, Roc-La-Familia, Def Jam, and Babygrande Records. In June 2011, it was announced Santiago partnered with fellow American rapper Busta Rhymes Conglomerate label, Santiago is also chief executive officer of his own imprint, Militainment Business. Santiagos career began to take off in 1995, while under the pseudonym Noreaga, as part of the duo Capone-N-Noreaga, alongside friend and they signed to Penalty Recordings in 1996, and released their debut album The War Report, in 1997. The War Report was a commercial and critical success made the duo well known among hip hop audiences. The album received praise for using the traditional grimey boom-bap sound of classic New York City hip hop, the album peaked at #21 on the Billboard 200, and the singles Illegal Life, Closer, and T. O. N. Y. All charted on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles and Tracks chart, following the release of the album, Capone was again sentenced to a jail term, which left Noreaga to take on a solo career and make an album on his own. Noreagas solo debut studio album N. O. R. E, was released in 1998, the title is an acronym for Niggaz on Run Eatin. The album became more successful than the duos debut, charting at #3 on the Billboard 200. The album features guest appearances from fellow NYC rappers Nas, Kool G Rap, Big Pun, the Neptunes produced the hit Superthug, which reached #36 on the Billboard Hot 100 and #1 on the Hot Rap Tracks chart. The song, along with Mases hit Lookin At Me, was one of the Neptunes first high-profile productions and it also started their relationship with Noreaga as they would continue to produce more hits for him in the future. The albums most successful single was Oh No, which reached #49 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles, Capone was released from prison in 1999. The two subsequently began recording together again and released their second C-N-N album in the year 2000. The album, titled The Reunion, was not well received critically, allMusic reviewer Matt Conaway summed up the album by stating With The Reunion, Capone-N-Noreaga take a step backward. The group would go on a hiatus and not release another album until 2009. Noreaga continued to pursue his career as a solo artist and he officially changed his stage name to N. O. R. E. and after some delays, his third solo studio album Gods Favorite, was released in 2002. The album peaked at #3 on the Billboard 200 and was certified platinum
Noreaga
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Mugshot of N.O.R.E.
28.
Gotta Man
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Let There Be Eve…Ruff Ryders First Lady is the debut album of American rapper Eve. The album was released September 14,1999 on Ruff Ryders Entertainment and it sold 213,000 copies in the first week. The album has sold over 2 million copies and is certified Double Platinum, the album features singles such as Gotta Man, and Love Is Blind with Faith Evans. All of the songs on the album were written by Eve herself, Eve became the third female hip-hop artist to have her album peak at number one on the Billboard 200. Credits for Let There Be Eve. Ruff Ryders First Lady adapted from Allmusic, List of number-one albums of 1999 List of number-one R&B albums of 1999
Gotta Man
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Let There Be Eve…Ruff Ryders' First Lady
29.
Jigga My Nigga
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Jigga My Nigga is a single by Jay-Zs from the Ruff Ryders Entertainment compilation Ryde or Die Vol.1. It also appeared as a track on Jay-Zs fourth album. Life and Times of S. Carter, contained within the final track Hova Song, produced by Swizz Beatz, it reached #28 on the Billboard Hot 100. The song interpolates Just Me, Just You by The Counts & Whats My Name. by Snoop Dogg, the beat was later remade for Scenario 2000 by Eve featuring Ruff Ryders. On the Jigga My Nigga CD single, three tracks are featured, Memphis Bleeks Mempis Bleek Is. Rells When You Will See and Beanie Sigels What a Thug About, Jigga My Nigga Memphis Bleek Is
Jigga My Nigga
–
"Jigga My Nigga"
30.
Party Up (Up in Here)
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Party Up is a song by American hip hop recording artist DMX, released as the second single from his third album. And Then There Was X and is his highest charting and most successful single ever. There are three versions of the song, a version, a censored album version, and a radio/video edit version. The song was voted number 56 on VH1s 100 Greatest Songs of the 00s, the music video depicts DMX as being caught up in a case of mistaken identity at a bank holdup. The video premiered on the week of April 3,2000, the song appears on the soundtrack of the movie Gone In 60 Seconds, it plays on the car radio of a stolen Humvee trying to evade the police. The song appeared in episodes of the television shows Malcolm in the Middle, Eastbound and Down, King of Queens, after the Los Angeles Lakers won the NBA championship in 2000, they sang the song in the locker room. The song takes shots at rapper Kurupt for dissing him on Callin Out Names over DMX having an affair with Foxy Brown, the song is featured in the beginning of Dave Chappelle, Killin Them Softly, a Dave Chappelle comedy special. In one scene from the 2002 family film Like Mike, Lil Bow Wows, the censored version is also used in the video games, Def Jam Vendetta and Tiger Woods PGA Tour 2004. The song is used as the Nashville Predators power play song. Lin-Manuel Miranda references the song in Meet Me Inside, a duet in his musical Hamilton, Party Up was used in several trailers of the 2016 animated adult film Sausage Party. LP Version / Album Version - Explicit Radio Edit Instrumental Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
Party Up (Up in Here)
–
"Party Up (Up in Here)"
31.
Check on It
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Check on It is a song recorded by American singer Beyoncé, featuring American rappers Bun B and Slim Thug. It was composed by Beyoncé, Swizz Beatz, Sean Garrett, Angela Beyincé, initially recorded by Beyoncé only, the song was supposed to be featured on the soundtrack album for 2006 film The Pink Panther, in which she co-stars. As it was not included on its soundtrack album, the song with additional vocals from Slim Thug was placed on the 2005 Destinys Childs greatest hits album #1s. Columbia Records released Check on It in the United States on December 13,2005, the official single version of the song includes vocals from American rapper Bun B. The songs development was motivated by the phrase Check on It which Beyoncé, Check on It is an R&B and hip hop song, which is instrumentally complete with a heavy bassline, strings, and wind instrument. Lyrically, it place in a club, where Beyoncé is letting the male patrons know that they are welcome to come. The song consists of two verse-raps by Slim Thug, Check on It was well received by contemporary music critics, who universally complimented Beyoncés vocals, and the assertiveness with which she sings her lines. Check on It was not originally lined up for a release as a single from the album #1s, however, it received heavy rotation on US radio stations, following the release of the first single, Stand Up for Love, which performed poorly on the charts. Eventually, Check on It debuted on the US Billboard Hot 100 in November 2005, the single peaked at number one for five consecutive weeks, becoming one of the two longest-running number-one single in 2006, and Beyoncés third US number-one single as a solo artist. Check on It reached number one in New Zealand and the top ten on singles chart in mainland Europe. The music video for the song was directed by Hype Williams, the version of Check on It used in the clip features a remix of The Pink Panther Theme and a verse-rap from American rapper Bun B. Incorporating 1950s influences, the video was shot in pink to brand the relationship with The Pink Panther and it won the Best R&B Video at the 2006 MTV Video Music Awards, and was nominated for Video of the Year at the 2006 BET Awards. Although Beyoncé did not perform Check on It in any televised appearances, it was a part of her set list on The Beyoncé Experience, Check on It was written by Beyoncé, Slim Thug, Angela Beyincé and Sean Garrett. Production was handled by Swiss Beatz, who also co-wrote the song, Matt Hennessy, Dave Pensado, and Dexter Simmons mixed Check on It with assistance from Geoffrey Rice, and Matt Serrecchio. Beyoncé said that the title, Check on It, was a phrase that she. However, it was not used for the album at the last minute. Check on It was nevertheless played during The Pink Panthers end credits, Check on It was not initially intended for release as a single from the album #1s. However, it received heavy rotation from US radio stations after the release of the first single Stand Up for Love, which recorded by all members of Destinys Child was a commercial failure
Check on It
–
"Check on It"
Check on It
–
"Check On It" was to be on the "Pink Panther" soundtrack, but did not make the cut, so Slim Thug (pictured) came in and recorded his own rapping lyrics.
Check on It
–
Knowles dancing in the video for "Check on It" which features a pink background symbolizing the relationship with The Pink Panther.
32.
Ring the Alarm
–
Ring the Alarm is a song recorded by American singer Beyoncé Knowles for her second studio album, BDay. It was composed by Knowles, Kasseem Swizz Beatz Dean and Sean Garrett, the songs development was motivated by Knowles role in the Broadway musical adaptation Dreamgirls. The cover art of Ring the Alarm proved controversial because Knowles used alligators during the photography session, people for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, declared that Knowles posing with a baby alligator was arguably abusive to an animal. Ring the Alarm is an R&B song with rock influences. Its introduction features a siren, which sets an aggressive tone. The songs lyrics revolve a woman who threatened, and is unwilling to allow another woman to profit from the protagonists efforts to improve her lovers life. The lyrics were rumored to be about Barbadian recording artist Rihannas relationship with Jay-Z, the song was received with mixed reception for contemporary music critics, who noted that it was different from Knowles previous work. While some commended her willingness to take risks, others were polarized about her aggressive vocals, Ring the Alarm was nominated for Best Female R&B Vocal Performance at the 49th Grammy Awards. The single debuted at number 12 on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart and it reached number 11 on the chart, becoming her first solo single to peak below the top 10. Its accompanying music video was inspired by the 1992 film Basic Instinct and was directed by Sophie Muller and it was filmed inside a cavernous hangar on the Brooklyn waterfront in New York City. The video garnered mixed reviews critics, who universally thought that it was eccentric. Knowles promoted Ring the Alarm through various performances on televised shows and awards ceremonies. The song was included on her set list on The Beyoncé Experience in Los Angeles and her On the Run Tour with Jay Z, and her The Formation World Tour. After six months of filming for the Broadway musical adaptation of Dreamgirls, inspired by her role in the film, she said, I had so many things bottled up, so many emotions, so many ideas. Garret said, I came to the studio and saw the zone. everybody in here is banging out, rodney Jerkins had his session, Rich Harrison had his session going on. I started banging out some shit. Ring the Alarm was produced by Knowles, Garrett and Swizz Beatz, Swizz Beatz stated, just one of the many presents I gave for her BDay. I have the most tracks on her album as a single producer, Ring the Alarm was co-arranged by Knowles and recorded in the same studio. She said about her collaboration with Swizz Beatz, I love working with Swizz and his beats are so complex its hard to find a melody
Ring the Alarm
–
"Ring the Alarm"
Ring the Alarm
–
Knowles struggling against guards in riot gear during the video
Ring the Alarm
–
Knowles performing "Ring the Alarm" on
The Beyoncé Experience
33.
Styles P
–
David Styles, better known by his stage name, Styles P, is an American rapper, author, and entrepreneur. In 2002, he released his debut album A Gangster and a Gentleman. He went on to release Time is Money, Super Gangster, Master of Ceremonies, The Worlds Most Hardest MC Project, Float, Phantom and the Ghost, and A Wise Guy and a Wise Guy. Styles P, a member of The LOX and the larger D-Block Hip-Hop collective, grew up in Yonkers, New York rapping alongside Jadakiss and Sheek Louch. In their late teens the trio met Mary J. Blige who was so impressed with their tough street east coast lyrics, Diddy immediately hired the trio to write for Bad Boy Records. With the label, The LOX quickly started collaborating on hits with Diddy, Mary J. Blige, and Mariah Carey which gave them instant notoriety and status within the hip-hop and mainstream charts. This single was the most played hit in 1997, which opened the door for The LOX first solo debut in January 1998 entitled Money. After another LOX album, We Are the Streets and appearing on albums with Ruff Ryders, Styles released his first solo album, A Gangster, four years later he released his second album Time is Money on Ruff Ryders which was followed by Super Gangster a year later. This began a string of annual releases with his fourth, fifth, sixth. Styles P released his first novel Invincible in 2010 through Random House Publishing Group, in 2011 he opened up a juice bar in Bronx, New York called Juices for Life with his business partners Nyger Rollocks and Leo Galvez. He released his EP with CurrenSy titled, #The1st28 on February 28,2012, a Novel Official Site Styles P Interview at Prefix The DJ Booth, Styles P Interview Styles P Interview New Styles P interview with HipHopGame. com
Styles P
–
Styles P performing at the Sound Academy in
Toronto 2014.
34.
Bring Em Out (song)
–
Bring Em Out is a song by American hip hop recording artist T. I. released as the lead single from his third studio album Urban Legend. The song, produced by Swizz Beatz, contains a sample from Jay-Zs What More Can I Say from The Black Album. Bring Em Out became T. I. s first Top 10 single, the music video for Bring Em Out was directed by Fats Cats and was shot in Atlanta. DJ Drama, Jazze Pha and Swizz Beatz made cameo appearances in the video, the song was featured extensively during the 2006 NBA Finals as the theme song for the Miami Heat during player introductions. T. I. performed the song on an episode of The O. C. titled Return of The Nana, the instrumental version of this song appears on promotions for G4s week-long TV special Top 100 Video Games of All Time set to premiere on July 11,2012
Bring Em Out (song)
–
"Bring Em Out"
35.
Hotel (song)
–
Hotel is a song by American hip hop recording artist Cassidy, released September 23,2003 as his debut single and the lead single from his debut studio album Split Personality. The song, produced by Swizz Beatz, features singer-songwriter R. Kelly and charted in February 2004, the song makes lyrical references to The Sugarhill Gangs Rappers Delight, Chingys Holiday Inn, and Dr. Dres Housewife. The song was released as a single on March 2,2004, the remix was also produced by Swizz Beatz. Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
Hotel (song)
–
"Hotel"
36.
Touch It (Busta Rhymes song)
–
Touch It is a song by Busta Rhymes which contains a sample from Technologic by the electronic band Daft Punk. Released in December 13,2005, it was the first single from Rhymes Aftermath/Interscope debut, the song charted well in New Zealand peaking at number one on the RIANZ Singles Chart. The release date for the single in the UK was 15 May 2006, after the physical single release, the song climbed to #6, its peak position. This is why the record fell from the UK top 75 from the top 30. The song was popular on the charts in the U. S. peaking at #16 on the Billboard Hot 100. After the release of Touch It, a series of remixes were set into play, the main remix features Mary J. Blige, Rah Digga, Missy Elliott, Lloyd Banks, Papoose, & DMX. The result was five popular versions of the song and a video, an EP was released on iTunes featuring four of the remixes on March 7,2006. The final full-length remix had an accompanying video, in the opening of the video, the head cheerleader and the rest of the girls are in burgundy and silver outfits. Busta Rhymes then arrives and decides who runs the city, upon the entrance of each performer, they mention something positive happening. After Bust and Spliff finish their battle, the cheerleaders sing, an electronic machine makes a zapping-sound and a bolt of green lighting appears in the background. In each scene, all the rappers wear colors that match the background, usually, after one rapper finishes their verse the others appear and start strutting and dancing on beat. The screen shows two or more sides of the backgrounds and their rappers. After Busta Rhymes the other rappers appear in order, Mary J. Blige in white. Rah Digga in pink, Missy Elliott in purple, Lloyd Banks in blue, Papoose in green, Busta Rhymes and his friend, Spliff Star, appear in red at the beginning and in yellow at the end. Each singer appears with different outfits, such as Bustas white T-shirt, Papooses, DMXs, Lloyd Banks jackets, during Mary J. Bliges part, her alter ego, Brooke Lynn, appears dressed in a matching white costume. Other cameo rappers appearances in the video are Sean Paul, DJ Kayslay, Deelishis, producer Swizz Beatz, Winky Wright, Félix Trinidad, Black Rob. At the 2006 BET Awards, Busta performed the Video Remix live on stage, along with Will. i. am, Elliott, Banks, Blige, Papoose, DMX was absent for the performance, but his part was played on the screens on the stage. The performance also featured a final verse by Eminem, who began with some of Bustas lines from A Tribe Called Quests Scenario
Touch It (Busta Rhymes song)
–
"Touch It"
37.
Swizz Beatz production discography
–
The following list is a discography of production by Swizz Beatz, an American hip hop record producer and recording artist from The Bronx, New York. It includes a list of songs produced, co-produced and remixed by year, artist, album and his career has spanned over 17 years, contributing production on over 160 albums, including studio projects, compilations, soundtracks and mixtapes. Swizz Beatz has also produced 77 singles, with multiple of them being certified gold or higher by the Recording Industry Association of America, just Give It to Me Raw 02. Keep Your Shit the Hardest 08, Flesh of My Flesh, Blood of My Blood 15. Prayer II/Ready to Meet Him 01, More Money, More Cash, More Hoes 19. One More Road to Cross 07 and we Put It Down for Yall 09. Wish I Didnt Miss You 09, a Minute for Your Son 13. Let Me See Ya Do Your Thing 13, talk About It Diamonds on My Neck Diamonds on My Neck 02. Spit Your Game Spit Your Game 05, when The Thugs Come Out 00. Waiting For Your Love Leftover 00, Dont Make Me Hurt Ya Feelings 02. If I Never See Your Face Again 00, wait Til You See My Smile 10. Put It in a Love Song 17, showtime Stop the Party Stop the Party 04. Sweet Serenade Leftover In This Ho 02, untitled 07 –2014 -201601. She Dont Really Care /1 Luv 08
Swizz Beatz production discography
–
Contents:
38.
New York University
–
New York University is a private nonprofit research university based in New York City. Founded in 1831, NYU is considered one of the worlds most influential research universities, University rankings compiled by Times Higher Education, U. S. News & World Report, and the Academic Ranking of World Universities all rank NYU amongst the top 32 universities in the world. NYU is a part of the creativity, energy and vibrancy that is Manhattan, located with its core in Greenwich Village. Among its faculty and alumni are 37 Nobel Laureates, over 30 Pulitzer Prize winners, over 30 Academy Award winners, alumni include heads of state, royalty, eminent mathematicians, inventors, media figures, Olympic medalists, CEOs of Fortune 500 companies, and astronauts. NYU alumni are among the wealthiest in the world, according to The Princeton Review, NYU is consistently considered by students and parents as a Top Dream College. Albert Gallatin, Secretary of Treasury under Thomas Jefferson and James Madison, declared his intention to establish in this immense, a system of rational and practical education fitting and graciously opened to all. A three-day-long literary and scientific convention held in City Hall in 1830 and these New Yorkers believed the city needed a university designed for young men who would be admitted based upon merit rather than birthright or social class. On April 18,1831, an institution was established, with the support of a group of prominent New York City residents from the merchants, bankers. Albert Gallatin was elected as the institutions first president, the university has been popularly known as New York University since its inception and was officially renamed New York University in 1896. In 1832, NYU held its first classes in rented rooms of four-story Clinton Hall, in 1835, the School of Law, NYUs first professional school, was established. American Chemical Society was founded in 1876 at NYU and it became one of the nations largest universities, with an enrollment of 9,300 in 1917. NYU had its Washington Square campus since its founding, the university purchased a campus at University Heights in the Bronx because of overcrowding on the old campus. NYU also had a desire to follow New York Citys development further uptown, NYUs move to the Bronx occurred in 1894, spearheaded by the efforts of Chancellor Henry Mitchell MacCracken. The University Heights campus was far more spacious than its predecessor was, as a result, most of the universitys operations along with the undergraduate College of Arts and Science and School of Engineering were housed there. NYUs administrative operations were moved to the new campus, but the schools of the university remained at Washington Square. In 1914, Washington Square College was founded as the undergraduate college of NYU. In 1935, NYU opened the Nassau College-Hofstra Memorial of New York University at Hempstead and this extension would later become a fully independent Hofstra University. In 1950, NYU was elected to the Association of American Universities, in the late 1960s and early 1970s, financial crisis gripped the New York City government and the troubles spread to the citys institutions, including NYU
New York University
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Albert Gallatin
New York University
–
New York University
New York University
–
The University Heights campus, now home to
Bronx Community College
New York University
–
The
Silver Center c. 1900
39.
About.com
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About. com is an American Internet-based network of content that publishes articles and videos about various subjects on its topic sites, of which there are nearly 1,000. It is operated by About, Inc, the website competes with other online resource sites and encyclopedias. By March 2014,61,428,000 unique visitors were registered by comScore for About. com, making it the 16th-most-visited online property during that month. As of August 2012, About. com is the property of IAC, owner of Ask. com and numerous other online brands, and its revenue is generated by advertising. Founded in 1996 as The Mining Company, the site was launched on April 21,1997 by Scott Kurnit, owner of General Internet, Bill Day, and a group of other entrepreneurs in New York City. The original goal was to maintain 1,800 topic areas, but after five years of operation, the company changed its name to About Inc. and the website address from miningco. com to about. com in May 1999. The company was acquired by Primedia, Inc. in 2000 through a deal valued at US$690 million, whereby Primedia swapped 45.2 million shares for About, at the time of the acquisition announcement, About Inc. Following the purchase, which was finalized in the first quarter of 2001, in February 2005, The New York Times Company announced it was buying About. com, a purchase that was completed in the first half of the year for US$410 million. Google and Yahoo were reportedly among the other bidders, following the Times Co. acquisition, Peter C. Horan was appointed as About Inc. s president and CEO, in March 2007, About. coms patronage was measured at 33.5 million unique visitors. On May 7,2007, About Inc. acquired ConsumerSearch. com, initially conceived of in January 2007, About. coms first fully owned foreign venture, the China-based Abang. com, debuted in December 2007. At the time of the launch, the company had a Japan-based online entity, Allabout. co. jp, the About Group generated US$102.7 million in 2007, which represented a 135-percent increase from the time of the Times Co. acquisition. Meyer stepped down from the executive role in March 2008 and was replaced by Cella Irvine. Martin Nisenholtz, SVP of digital operations, temporarily replaced Irvine following her departure in May 2011, in July 2011, Darline Jean was named CEO of the About Group, after the companys second-quarter revenues totaled US$27.8 million. Jean previously served as Abouts chief financial officer and her new appointment became effective on September 1,2011, a media report published in August 2012 indicated that Answers. com had reached a preliminary agreement to acquire About. com for US$270 million. However, on August 26, Barry Dillers IAC announced that it would acquire About. com instead for US$300 million in cash. A source for the TechCrunch publication later confirmed that Answers. coms offer was valued at US$270 million. In the corresponding press release, IAC explained that the acquisition will help bolster and accompany its existing properties, Jean fulfilled her role as chief executive during the transition period, while ownership was transferred to IAC, and then left About shortly after the sale was finalized
About.com
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About.com
40.
The Source (magazine)
–
The Source is a United States-based monthly full-color magazine covering hip-hop music, politics, and culture, founded in 1988. It is the worlds longest running rap periodical, being founded as a newsletter in 1988, the Source was originally started by David Mays, a Harvard University student in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Mays decided to hire his friends, Jonathan Shecter, James Bernard and Ed Young. At the time, Mays handled duties as the publisher for the magazine, the magazines offices were moved from Massachusetts to New York City in 1990, a move that was made with the intention to expand the magazine into a mainstream market publication. The magazines annual awards show, known as The Source Awards, the Lifetime Achievement Award is the highest award given to an emcee who has contributed his/her time to succeeding in the hip-hop music industry. The Source also releases an album of hip-hop hits. The magazine expanded overseas with a French-language version, alongside The Source Latino, the company invested in mobile phones and ringtones under The Source Mobile Channel moniker, in which subscribers are offered their favorite choice of hip-hop ringtones. The Source also invested in its own urban clothing apparel company, the Source announced in a press conference that the magazine was in possession of an old tape in which a young Eminem was rapping racial slurs against Black women. For his part, Eminem did not deny making the tapes and he apologized for making the tapes but also exhorted the public to consider the origin of the allegations. Nevertheless, Eminem sued The Source for defamation and copyright infringement, the federal courts ruled in The Sources favor, and allowed a limited distribution of the tapes music and lyrics under Fair Use law. Mays and Benzino both countered the withdrawal of the lawsuit, calling it a cowardly move and they both claimed they could finally expose the truth about Eminem and planned to eventually release the racist tapes in a future magazine. It devoted its February 2004 issue to the discovery of the tapes, later, Benzino and The Source would urge video and radio stations to ban Eminems video, Just Lose It, and issue an apology to Michael Jackson. The video depicts Jackson in a light and the publication wanted to boycott the rapper. In spite of their efforts, BET was the network to ban the video. BET claimed Benzino was not the reason for the banning, Eminem released the single Like Toy Soldiers from Encore, in which he states hell walk away from it all before it gets any further. Benzino responded with the track, Look Into My Eyes. In 2005, after Kimberly Osorio had been fired, Mays. That same year he resigned after he was ordered to lower the rating of Little Brothers The Minstrel Show from four-and-a-half to four
The Source (magazine)
–
The Source
41.
Kanye West
–
Kanye Omari West is an American rapper, songwriter, record producer, fashion designer, and entrepreneur. Intent on pursuing a career as a rapper, West released his debut album The College Dropout in 2004 to widespread critical and commercial success. He went on to pursue a variety of different styles on subsequent albums Late Registration, Graduation, and 808s & Heartbreak. In 2010, he released his fifth album My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy to rave reviews from critics, West released his abrasive sixth album, Yeezus, to further critical praise in 2013. His seventh album, The Life of Pablo, was released in 2016, Wests outspoken views and life outside of music have received significant mainstream attention. He has been a frequent source of controversy for his conduct at award shows, on social media and he is the founder and head of the creative content company DONDA. His 2014 marriage to television personality Kim Kardashian has also been subject to media coverage. He has won a total of 21 Grammy Awards, making him one of the most awarded artists of all time, three of his albums have been included and ranked on Rolling Stones 2012 update of the 500 Greatest Albums of All Time list. He has also included in a number of Forbes annual lists. Time named him one of the 100 most influential people in the world in 2005 and 2015, West was born on June 8,1977 in Atlanta, Georgia. His parents divorced when he was three years old, after the divorce, he and his mother moved to Chicago, Illinois. His father, Ray West, is a former Black Panther and was one of the first black photojournalists at The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Ray West was later a Christian counselor, and in 2006, opened the Good Water Store and Café in Lexington Park, Maryland with startup capital from his son. West, was a professor of English at Clark Atlanta University, West was raised in a middle-class background, attending Polaris High School in suburban Oak Lawn, Illinois after living in Chicago. At the age of 10, West moved with his mother to Nanjing, China, according to his mother, West was the only foreigner in his class, but settled in well and quickly picked up the language, although he has since forgotten most of it. When asked about his grades in school, West replied, I got As. West demonstrated an affinity for the arts at an early age and his mother recalled that she first took notice of Wests passion for drawing and music when he was in the third grade. Growing up in Chicago, West became deeply involved in its hip hop scene and he started rapping in the third grade and began making musical compositions in the seventh grade, eventually selling them to other artists
Kanye West
–
West performing at
Lollapalooza in 2011
Kanye West
–
West performing in
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, April 2007
Kanye West
–
West performing in
Austin, Texas, March 2009
Kanye West
–
West performing with
Jay-Z on their
Watch the Throne Tour in 2011
42.
Eritrea
–
Eritrea, officially the State of Eritrea, is a country in the Horn of Africa. With its capital at Asmara, it is bordered by Sudan in the west, Ethiopia in the south, the northeastern and eastern parts of Eritrea have an extensive coastline along the Red Sea. The nation has an area of approximately 117,600 km2. Its toponym Eritrea is based on the Greek name for the Red Sea, Eritrea is a multi-ethnic country, with nine recognized ethnic groups in its population of around six million. Most residents speak languages from the Afroasiatic family, either of the Ethiopian Semitic languages or Cushitic branches, among these communities, the Tigrinya make up about 55% of the population, with the Tigre people constituting around 30% of inhabitants. In addition, there are a number of Nilo-Saharan-speaking Nilotic ethnic minorities, most people in the territory adhere to Christianity or Islam. In medieval times much of Eritrea fell under the Medri Bahri kingdom, the creation of modern-day Eritrea is a result of the incorporation of independent, distinct kingdoms and sultanates eventually resulting in the formation of Italian Eritrea. In 1947 Eritrea became part of a federation with Ethiopia, the Federation of Ethiopia, subsequent annexation into Ethiopia led to the Eritrean War of Independence, ending with Eritrean independence following a referendum in April 1993. Hostilities between Eritrea and Ethiopia persisted, leading to the Eritrean–Ethiopian War of 1998–2000 and further skirmishes with both Djibouti and Ethiopia, Eritrea is a one-party state in which national legislative elections have been repeatedly postponed. According to Human Rights Watch, the Eritrean governments human rights record is considered among the worst in the world, the Eritrean government has dismissed these allegations as politically motivated. The compulsory military service requires lengthy, indefinite conscription periods, which some Eritreans leave the country in order to avoid, since all local media is state-owned, Eritrea was also ranked as having the least press freedom in the global Press Freedom Index. Eritrea is a member of the African Union, the United Nations, and IGAD, during the Middle Ages, the Eritrea region was known as Medri Bahri. The name Eritrea is derived from the ancient Greek name for the Red Sea and it was first formally adopted in 1890, with the formation of Italian Eritrea. The territory became the Eritrea Governorate within Italian East Africa in 1936, Eritrea was annexed by Ethiopia in 1953 and an Eritrean Liberation Front formed in 1960. Eritrea gained independence following the 1993 referendum, and the name of the new state was defined as State of Eritrea in the 1997 constitution. At Buya in Eritrea, one of the oldest hominids representing a link between Homo erectus and an archaic Homo sapiens was found by Italian scientists. Dated to over 1 million years old, it is the oldest skeletal find of its kind, during the last interglacial period, the Red Sea coast of Eritrea was occupied by early anatomically modern humans. It is believed that the area was on the out of Africa that some scholars suggest was used by early humans to colonize the rest of the Old World
Eritrea
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Excavation of archaeological site outside of
Sembel.
Eritrea
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Flag
Eritrea
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Pre-Axumite monolithic columns in
Qohaito.
Eritrea
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Map of the Kingdom of
D'mt in Eritrea and northern
Ethiopia, circa 400 BC.
43.
Bronx
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The Bronx is the northernmost of the five boroughs of New York City, within the U. S. state of New York. Since 1914, the Bronx has had the boundaries as Bronx County, a county of New York. The Bronx is divided by the Bronx River into a section in the west, closer to Manhattan. East and west street addresses are divided by Jerome Avenue—the continuation of Manhattans Fifth Avenue, the West Bronx was annexed to New York City in 1874, and the areas east of the Bronx River in 1895. Bronx County was separated from New York County in 1914, about a quarter of the Bronxs area is open space, including Woodlawn Cemetery, Van Cortlandt Park, Pelham Bay Park, the New York Botanical Garden, and the Bronx Zoo in the boroughs north and center. These open spaces are situated primarily on land reserved in the late 19th century as urban development progressed north. The name Bronx originated with Jonas Bronck, who established the first settlement in the area as part of the New Netherland colony in 1639, the native Lenape were displaced after 1643 by settlers. This cultural mix has made the Bronx a wellspring of both Latin music and hip hop. The Bronx, particularly the South Bronx, saw a decline in population, livable housing, and the quality of life in the late 1960s. Since then the communities have shown significant redevelopment starting in the late 1980s before picking up pace from the 1990s until today, the Bronx was called Rananchqua by the native Siwanoy band of Lenape, while other Native Americans knew the Bronx as Keskeskeck. It was divided by the Aquahung River, the origin of Jonas Bronck is contested. Some sources claim he was a Swedish born emigrant from Komstad, Norra Ljunga parish in Småland, Sweden, who arrived in New Netherland during the spring of 1639. Bronck became the first recorded European settler in the now known as the Bronx and built a farm named Emmanus close to what today is the corner of Willis Avenue. He leased land from the Dutch West India Company on the neck of the mainland north of the Dutch settlement in Harlem. He eventually accumulated 500 acres between the Harlem River and the Aquahung, which known as Broncks River or the Bronx. Dutch and English settlers referred to the area as Broncks Land, the American poet William Bronk was a descendant of Pieter Bronck, either Jonas Broncks son or his younger brother. More recent research indicates that Pieter was probably Jonas nephew or cousin, the Bronx is referred to with the definite article as The Bronx, both legally and colloquially. The region was named after the Bronx River and first appeared in the Annexed District of The Bronx created in 1874 out of part of Westchester County
Bronx
–
Yankee Stadium (center) and the
Grand Concourse to its left. To the right of the Stadium is
its former site.
Bronx
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Flag
Bronx
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Seal
Bronx
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Map of the Bronx in 1867
44.
Hip hop
–
Hip hop is a subculture and art movement developed by African-Americans and Latinos from the inner-city South Bronx neighbourhood in New York City in the late 1970s. Jamaican immigrant DJ Kool Herc also played a key role in developing hip hop music, at 1520 Sedgwick Avenue, Herc mixed samples of existing records and DJed percussion breaks, mixing this music with his own Jamaican-style toasting to rev up the crowd and dancers. These youths mixed these influences with existing musical styles associated with African Americans prior to the 1970s, Hip hop music became popular outside of the African-American community in the late 1980s, with the mainstream commercial success of gangsta rap. Critic Greg Tate described the hip hop movement as the only avant-garde still around, Hip hop culture has spread to both urban and suburban communities throughout the United States and subsequently the world. These elements were adapted and developed considerably, particularly as the art spread to new continents and merged with local styles in the 1990s. Sampling older culture and re-using it in a new context or a new format is called flipping in hip hop culture. Hip hop music follows in the footsteps of earlier African-American-rooted musical genres such as blues, jazz, rag-time, funk, cowboy later worked the hip hop cadence into his stage performance. The group frequently performed with artists who would refer to this new type of music by calling them hip hoppers. The name was meant as a sign of disrespect, but soon came to identify this new music. The song Rappers Delight, by The Sugarhill Gang, released in 1979, begins with the phrase I said a hip, hop the hippie the hippie to the hip hip hop, and you dont stop. Lovebug Starski, a Bronx DJ who put out a single called The Positive Life in 1981, and DJ Hollywood then began using the term when referring to this new disco rap music. Bill Alder, an independent consultant, once said, There was hardly ever a moment when rap music was underground, one of the very first so-called rap records, was a monster hit. Hip hop pioneer and South Bronx community leader Afrika Bambaataa also credits Lovebug Starski as the first to use the hip hop. Bambaataa, former leader of the Black Spades gang, also did much to popularize the term. In the 1970s, an urban movement known as Hip Hop began to develop in the South Bronx in New York City. It focused on emceeing over breakbeats, house parties and neighbourhood block party events, Hip hop music has been a powerful medium for protesting the impact of legal institutions on minorities, particularly police and prisons. Jamaican-born DJ Clive Kool Herc Cindy Campbell pioneered the use of DJing percussion breaks in hip hop music, beginning at Hercs home in a high-rise apartment at 1520 Sedgwick Avenue, the movement later spread across the entire borough. Herc created the blueprint for hip hop music and culture by building upon the Jamaican tradition of impromptu toasting, on August 11,1973 DJ Kool Herc was the DJ at his sisters back-to-school party
Hip hop
–
Nas is an
American rapper who is regarded as one of the greatest MCs of all time.
Hip hop
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DJ Kool Herc is credited as being highly influential in the pioneering stage of hip hop music.
Hip hop
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Afrika Bambaataa with DJ Yutaka of
Universal Zulu Nation in 2004
Hip hop
–
Rapper
Busta Rhymes performs in
Las Vegas for a
BET party
45.
Atlanta, Georgia
–
Atlanta is the capital of and the most populous city in the U. S. state of Georgia, with an estimated 2015 population of 463,878. Atlanta is the cultural and economic center of the Atlanta metropolitan area, home to 5,710,795 people, Atlanta is the county seat of Fulton County, and a small portion of the city extends eastward into DeKalb County. In 1837, Atlanta was founded at the intersection of two lines, and the city rose from the ashes of the American Civil War to become a national center of commerce. Atlantas economy is considered diverse, with dominant sectors that include logistics, professional and business services, media operations, Atlanta has topographic features that include rolling hills and dense tree coverage. Revitalization of Atlantas neighborhoods, initially spurred by the 1996 Olympics in Atlanta, has intensified in the 21st century, altering the demographics, politics. Prior to the arrival of European settlers in north Georgia, Creek Indians inhabited the area, standing Peachtree, a Creek village located where Peachtree Creek flows into the Chattahoochee River, was the closest Indian settlement to what is now Atlanta. As part of the removal of Native Americans from northern Georgia from 1802 to 1825, the Creek ceded the area in 1821. In 1836, the Georgia General Assembly voted to build the Western, the initial route was to run southward from Chattanooga to a terminus east of the Chattahoochee River, which would then be linked to Savannah. After engineers surveyed various possible locations for the terminus, the zero milepost was driven into the ground in what is now Five Points. A year later, the area around the milepost had developed into a settlement, first known as Terminus, and later as Thrasherville after a merchant who built homes. By 1842, the town had six buildings and 30 residents and was renamed Marthasville to honor the Governors daughter, later, J. Edgar Thomson, Chief Engineer of the Georgia Railroad, suggested the town be renamed Atlantica-Pacifica, which was shortened to Atlanta. The residents approved, and the town was incorporated as Atlanta on December 29,1847, by 1860, Atlantas population had grown to 9,554. During the American Civil War, the nexus of multiple railroads in Atlanta made the city a hub for the distribution of military supplies, in 1864, the Union Army moved southward following the capture of Chattanooga and began its invasion of north Georgia. On the next day, Mayor James Calhoun surrendered Atlanta to the Union Army, on November 11,1864, Sherman prepared for the Union Armys March to the Sea by ordering Atlanta to be burned to the ground, sparing only the citys churches and hospitals. After the Civil War ended in 1865, Atlanta was gradually rebuilt, due to the citys superior rail transportation network, the state capital was moved from Milledgeville to Atlanta in 1868. In the 1880 Census, Atlanta surpassed Savannah as Georgias largest city, by 1885, the founding of the Georgia School of Technology and the citys black colleges had established Atlanta as a center for higher education. In 1895, Atlanta hosted the Cotton States and International Exposition, during the first decades of the 20th century, Atlanta experienced a period of unprecedented growth. In three decades time, Atlantas population tripled as the city expanded to include nearby streetcar suburbs
Atlanta, Georgia
–
From top to bottom left to right: Atlanta skyline seen from
Buckhead, the
Fox Theatre, the
Georgia State Capitol,
Centennial Olympic Park,
Millennium Gate, the
Canopy Walk, the
Georgia Aquarium,
The Phoenix statue, and the
Midtown skyline
Atlanta, Georgia
–
Marietta Street, 1864
Atlanta, Georgia
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Atlanta in ruins during the Civil War, 1864
Atlanta, Georgia
–
In 1907, Peachtree Street, the main street of Atlanta, was busy with streetcars and automobiles.
46.
Harry S. Truman High School (New York City)
–
Harry S. Truman High School is a public high school at 750 Baychester Avenue, in the Co-op City section of the Bronx, New York City, United States. The school is designated as an Empowerment School by the New York City Department of Education, Truman shares a uniquely designed and interconnected campus with two middle schools, MS180 and 181, and two elementary schools, PS178 and 153. Truman High School is one of the large high schools in the Bronx that has not been phased out. Truman High School and Bronx Health Sciences compose Harry S. Truman Educational Campus, the site of Truman High School and the rest of Co-op City was originally home to the Freedomland amusement park. The Northeast Bronx Park was funded by a grant as part of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act, the project was sponsored and developed by the United Housing Foundation and RiverBay Corporation, who also developed Co-op City. Construction on the began in 1969. During this time, a center within the neighborhood was used as a temporary elementary school for local students. The first school completed within the park, PS153, opened on September 13,1971, the three remaining elementary and intermediate schools opened by September 1972. Truman High School opened on September 10,1973, along with Beach Channel High School in Rockaway, the entire project cost $76 million. The completion of the field was delayed due the 1970s fiscal crisis. Soon after opening, the buildings of the complex were found to have structural problems including leaks, cracking. The complex was boycotted by local residents in 1975 until repairs were made, the issues led New York State Comptroller Edward V. Regan to audit the complex in late-1979. Nasser became the principal of Truman, under a partnership with the non-profit organization P. E. N. C. I. L. She has created six small career-themed academies in TV Production/Media Communications, Culinary Arts, Air Force Junior ROTC, Engineering & Robotics, Law, and Business Computing. The academies serve to create and maintain the benefits and feeling of a high school, with the variety of courses. Students take their academy classes every day, for all four years of school and change academies. Truman was retained as a high school. East Bronx Academy was moved to a new building in Crotona Park East in 2005, while Performance Conservatory is now part of the Herman Ridder Educational Campus and in the process of closing
Harry S. Truman High School (New York City)
–
Aerial view of Harry S Truman High School and Co-op City
Harry S. Truman High School (New York City)
–
Students pose with
Sade Baderinwa at
WABC-TV to receive their first prize scholarship check.
Harry S. Truman High School (New York City)
–
Aerial Photo of the rear of Harry S Truman High School. The 3-section gymnasium appears at foreground.
Harry S. Truman High School (New York City)
–
Renovated Pool area at Harry S Truman High School
47.
Ruff Ryders
–
Ruff Ryders Entertainment is a record label founded by Joaquin Waah Dean and Darin Dee Dean and Chivon Dean, uncles and aunt of producer Swizz Beatz. It operated as a subsidiary of Universal Music Group, and was distributed by Fontana Distribution, Ruff Ryders founders were initially famous for managing rappers DMX and The Lox who became multi-platinum stars for Def Jam Recordings and Bad Boy Records in the late-1990s. After DMXs success, the management company started its own label imprint through Interscope Records, the Deans nephew Swizz Beatz is the main producer for most of the acts on the roster. In 2000, when DMX accepted an award for the best Rap album at the Billboard Music Awards, in 2001, Cassidy and the labelmate Yung Wun signed to the label Full Surface through Swizz Beatz. A Ruff Ryders Reunion Album was announced by Swizz Beatz and was set to release in 2008. In 2010, founders Joaquin and Darin Dean decided to revamp the brand through a new venture known as Ruff Ryders Indy, in addition to Ruff Ryder Indy, other brands include Ruff Ryders Films, Powerhouse Recording Studios, NatPro, a promotional company, and RR Rescue. 1 Ryde or Die Vol.2 Ryde Or Die Vol.3, In the R We Trust The Redemption Vol.4 Ruff Ryders, Past, Present, stories One Man Band Man Cassidy Split Personality Im A Hustla B. A. R. S. The Barry Adrian Reese Story Yung Wun The Dirtiest Thirstiest Official Ruff Ryders Website
Ruff Ryders
–
Ruff Ryders Entertainment
48.
Sampling (music)
–
In music, sampling is the act of taking a portion, or sample, of one sound recording and reusing it as an instrument or a sound recording in a different song or piece. Sampling was originally developed by experimental musicians working with musique concrète and electroacoustic music, by the late 1960s, the use of tape loop sampling influenced the development of minimalist music and the production of psychedelic rock and jazz fusion. Hip hop music was the first popular music based on the art of sampling – being born from 1970s DJs who experimented with manipulating vinyl on two turntables and an audio mixer. Historically, sampling was most often done with a sampler — a specialized piece of hardware — but today, however, vinyl emulation software may also be used, and turntablists continue to sample using traditional methods. Often samples consist of one part of a song, such as a rhythm break, for instance, hip hop music developed from DJs looping the breaks from songs to enable continuous dancing. Samples can also consist of words and phrases, including those in non-musical media such as movies, TV shows. Sampling does not necessarily mean using pre-existing recordings, a number of composers and musicians have constructed pieces or songs by sampling field recordings they made themselves, and others have sampled their own original recordings. The use of sampling is controversial legally and musically, in the 1970s, when hip hop was confined to local dance parties, it was unnecessary to obtain copyright clearance in order to sample recorded music at these parties. Aside from legal issues, sampling has been championed and criticized. Hip-hop DJs today take different approaches to sampling, with critical of its obvious use. Some critics, particularly those with a rockist outlook, have expressed the belief all sampling is lacking in creativity, while others say sampling has been innovative and revolutionary. Those whose own work has been sampled have also voiced a variety of opinions about the practice. Once recorded, samples can be edited, played back, or looped, types of samples include, The drums and percussion parts of many modern recordings are really a variety of short samples of beats strung together. Many libraries of such beats exist and are licensed so that the user incorporating the samples can distribute their recording without paying royalties, such libraries can be loaded into samplers. Though percussion is an application of looping, many kinds of samples can be looped. A piece of music may have an ostinato which is created by sampling a phrase played on any kind of instrument, there is software which specializes in creating loops. Whereas loops are usually a phrase played on a musical instrument, Music workstations and samplers use samples of musical instruments as the basis of their own sounds, and are capable of playing a sample back at any pitch. Many modern synthesizers and drum machines also use samples as the basis of their sounds, most such samples are created in professional recording studios using world-class instruments played by accomplished musicians
Sampling (music)
–
DJ Premier looking for samples he can use
Sampling (music)
–
Girl Talk Producing Sample-Based Music Live
49.
Korg
–
Korg Inc. is a Japanese multinational corporation that manufactures electronic musical instruments, audio processors and guitar pedals, recording equipment, and electronic tuners. Under the Vox brand name, they also manufacture guitar amplifiers, Korg was founded in 1962 in Japan by Tsutomu Katoh and Tadashi Osanai as Keio Gijutsu Kenkyujo Ltd. It later became Keio Electronic Laboratories because its fledgling offices were located near the Keio train line in Tokyo and Keio can be formed by combining the first letters of Katoh, before founding the company, Katoh ran a nightclub. Osanai, a Tokyo University graduate and noted accordionist, regularly performed at Katohs club accompanied by a Wurlitzer Sideman rhythm machine, unsatisfied with the rhythm machine, Osanai convinced Katoh to finance his efforts to build a better one. The companys first product, released in 1963, was an electro-mechanical rhythm device called the Disc Rotary Electric Auto Rhythm machine Donca matic DA-20, the name Donca was an onomatopoeic reference to the sound the rhythm machine made. Buoyed by the success of the DA-20, Keio released a version of the Rhythm machine. In 1967, Katoh was approached by Fumio Mieda, an engineer who wanted to build keyboards, impressed with Miedas enthusiasm, Katoh asked him to build a prototype and 18 months later Mieda returned with a programmable organ. Keio sold the organ under the name KORG, created by using the first letter of each founders name plus RG from their planned emphasis on products targeted for the organ market, keios first synthesizer, the miniKORG, was thus released in 1973. During the 1970s, Korgs synthesizer line was divided into instruments for the hobbyist, in the early 80s, Korg branched out into the digital piano category. Korg is credited with a number of innovations and landmark products, the key transpose function was Katohs idea after a singer at his club needed her accompaniment played in a lower key, which the accompanist wasnt accomplished enough to do. Korg was the first company to feature effects on a synthesizer, the M1 workstation, released in 1988, sold over 250,000 units, making it the bestselling synthesizer ever at that time. In 1989, Korg recruited the team from Sequential Circuits just as they were relieved of their duties by then-Sequential owner Yamaha. Yamaha Corporation has always been a partner of Korg, supplying them with circuitry. In 1987, shortly before the release of the M1 Music Workstation, the takeover of the company was amicable, with Katoh drawing up the terms, and the two companies continued to independently develop their product lines and compete in the marketplace. After 5 very successful years, Katoh had enough money to rebuy most of the Yamaha share back in 1993, Korg has since diversified into digital effects, tuners, recording equipment, electronic hand percussion, and software instruments. In 1992, Korg acquired Vox, then primarily a manufacturer of guitar amplifiers, Korg was also the exclusive distributor of Marshall Amplification product in the United States for decades, with this distribution arrangement ending in 2010. Tsutomo Katoh died of cancer on March 15,2011, category, Korg synthesizers Electronic tuner Korg Museum. Audio interview with Mitch Colby - EVP / CMO of Korg USA Korg - Review NAMM Oral History Interview Tsutomu Katoh discusses his favorite of his many musical products, the tuner
Korg
–
Donca-Matic DA-20 (1963)
Korg
–
Prototype No.1 (1970)
Korg
–
KORGUE (1972)
Korg
–
miniKORG 700 (1973)
