Synchronous Optical Networking and Synchronous Digital Hierarchy are standardized protocols that transfer multiple digital bit streams synchronously over optical fiber using lasers or highly coherent
Racks of Alcatel STM-16 SDH add-drop multiplexers
For the sake of simplicity, the frame is shown as a rectangular structure of 270 columns and nine rows. The first three rows and nine columns contain regenerator section overhead (RSOH) and the last five rows and nine columns contain multiplex section overhead (MSOH). The fourth row from the top contains pointers.
Optical mesh network
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An optical mesh network is a type of optical telecommunications network employing wired fiber-optic communication or wireless free-space optical communication in a mesh network architecture.
Switching, multiplexing, and grooming of traffic in an OEO device
Before failure
After failure and recovery
Opaque switching of traffic between fiber links