Glostrup Municipality
Glostrup Kommune is a suburban municipality and town in Region Hovedstaden on the island of Zealand approx. 10 km west of Copenhagen in eastern Denmark. The municipality covers an area of 13.31 km², has a total population of 22,151. Its Zip code is 2600, its mayor as of 2010 is a member of the Liberal Party political party. The municipality was established in 1841 following the municipal reforms of the 1840s, ranking as a parish municipality until 1950 when suburbanisation of Copenhagen inhabited the municipality and the status was changed to town municipality. From 1947 to 1960 the population in the municipality doubled due to the expanding suburbs of Copenhagen, reaching the municipality in the post-war period. Glostrup was designated as a new suburb along the western Tåstrup-finger of the Copenhagen Finger Plan of 1947; the main town and the site of its municipal council is the town of Glostrup, home to three quarters of the population. Other towns in the municipality are Ejby; until 1974 the town of Avedøre belonged to this municipality.
Being an exclave, it was merged into the neighbouring Hvidovre Municipality. Neighboring municipalities are Rødovre to the east and Ballerup to the north, Albertslund to the west, Brøndby to the south. Glostrup was not merged with other municipalities by January 1, 2007 as the result of nationwide Kommunalreformen; the church of Glostrup originates from the 12th century. Glostrup municipality is governed a municipal council. Council elections are held the third Tuesday of November every four years, the next time in 2013. Following the 2009 municipal elections, the 19 seats are divided in the following way: The Socialdemocrats 6 Socialist People's Party 4 Liberal party 3 Conservative People's Party 2 The Danish People's Party 3 Glostruplisten 1Glostrup municipality has had the following mayors since the municipal reform of 1970: Martin Nielsen: 1970-1983 Gunnar Larsen: 1983-2000 Søren Enemark: 2000-2010 John Engelhardt: 2010- After af period of administration in a mansion Glostrup municipality decided to build a new City Hall in 1953.
After a competition Arne Jacobsen was chosen as architect. The new city hall was inaugurated in 1959; the municipality has twice as many employed within its borders compared with its own workforce, relying on both traditional industry and public institutions. The largest employer in the municipality is Glostrup Hospital with 2,500 employees. Vestforbrænding in Ejby is Denmark's largest incineration plant. Major companies based in the municipality include Kopenhagen Fur. International companies, whose Danish subsidiaries are based out of Glostrup, include Grontmij and Motorola's. Most of the municipality's housing stock is built between 1950 and 1975. 42 percent of its dwellings are owned by public housing corporations Glostrup Boligselskab formed by mayor Valdemar Hansen in 1943. As a result of the influence of the housing corporation, more than half the housing stock is between 60 and 99 square meters; as a result of the rising population in the Copenhagen area, Glostrup Municipality adopted a strategy in 2011 aiming on building 2000 new dwellings within the next four years.
The dwellings are detached houses and terraced houses planned in former industrial areas. The largest greenspace in Glostrup Municipality is Vestskoven that straddles the border with Albertslund where most of its 13 square kilometer are located; the West Rampart follows the eastern boundary of the municipality. Ehby Bog is located on the border with Ballerup; the table show the population in Glostrup Municipality since 1890. Note the drop in population following the transfer of Avedøre to Hvidovre Municipality in 1974. Helle Trevino - IFBB professional bodybuilder Morten Wieghorst Glostrup is twinned with: Kotka, Koekelberg Talsi Landskrona Glostrup station Municipality's official website glosturupsogn.dk Municipal statistics: NetBorger Kommunefakta, delivered from KMD aka Kommunedata Municipal mergers and neighbors: Eniro new municipalities map
Løgumkloster
Løgumkloster, is a town in Tønder municipality in Region of Southern Denmark on the Jutland peninsula in south Denmark with a population of 3,584. Its name testifies that the town was once the site of the Cistercian Løgum Abbey, in the Roman Catholic diocese of Ribe. Løgumkloster was the municipal seat of the now abolished Løgumkloster Municipality. Hans Nicolajsen a Danish missionary to Palestine for the London Society for Promoting Christianity Among the Jews Tønder municipality's official website Municipal statistics: NetBorger Kommunefakta, delivered from KMD aka Kommunedata Municipal mergers and neighbors: Eniro new municipalities map
Lyngby-Taarbæk Municipality
Lyngby-Taarbæk Kommune is a municipality in Region Hovedstaden near Copenhagen on the east coast of the island of Zealand in eastern Denmark. The municipality covers an area of 39 km², has a total population of 54,454, its mayor as of 2014 is a member of the Conservative People's Party. The main town and the site of its municipal council is the town of Kongens Lyngby. Other towns in the municipality are Taarbæk, Sorgenfri, Brede, Hjortekær and Rådvad. To the east is the Øresund, which separates the island of Zealand from Sweden. Lyngby-Taarbæk municipality was not merged with other municipalities by January 1, 2007 as the result of nationwide Kommunalreformen. Sorgenfri Palace Frilandsmuseet open-air museum Nationalmuseet has an industrial museum in Brede The municipality is home to head offices of companies such as COWI, Alectia and Hempel Group. Municipal statistics: NetBorger Kommunefakta, delivered from KMD aka Kommunedata Municipal mergers and neighbors: Eniro new municipalities map Official website
Frederiksberg Municipality
Frederiksberg Kommune is a municipality on the island of Zealand in Denmark. Part of Copenhagen, it is surrounded by Copenhagen Municipality; the municipality, co-extensive with its seat, covers a total area of 8.71 km2 according to the Municipal Key Figures and has a population of 105,037 making it the smallest municipality in Denmark area-wise, the fifth most populous, the most densely populated. Its mayor is Jørgen Glenthøj from the Conservative People's Party; the city of Frederiksberg is the only town in the municipality, is therefore the site of its municipal council. Frederiksberg is located as an enclave within the municipality of the national capital; the municipality was situated west of Copenhagen, but after a number of smaller municipalities were merged with Copenhagen in 1901, it became surrounded by Copenhagen. Frederiksberg was one of the three last Danish municipalities not belonging to a County—the others being Copenhagen and Bornholm. On 1 January 2007, the municipality lost its county privileges and became part of Region Hovedstaden.
Frederiksberg municipality was not merged with other municipalities as the result of nationwide Kommunalreformen. Frederiksberg Campus Frederiksberg Gardens Frederiksberg Hospital Frederiksberg Palace Frederiksberg Town Hall Copenhagen Business School Copenhagen Zoo Royal Danish Military Academy Church of the Deaf Marius Godskesen Vilhelm Fischer Aksel Møller Arne Stæhr Johansen John Winther Mads Lebech Jørgen Glenthøj Frederiksberg Municipality is twinned with: Tartu, Estonia Uppsala, Uppsala län, Sweden Bærum, Norway Hämeenlinna, Etelä-Suomi, Finland Hafnarfjörður, Iceland Cēsis, Latvia Frederiksberg station Municipal statistics: NetBorger Kommunefakta, delivered from KMD aka Kommunedata Municipal mergers and neighbors: Eniro new municipalities map Municipality's official website
Linguistic rights
Linguistic rights are the human and civil rights concerning the individual and collective right to choose the language or languages for communication in a private or public atmosphere. Other parameters for analyzing linguistic rights include the degree of territoriality, amount of positivity, orientation in terms of assimilation or maintenance, overtness. Linguistic rights include, among others, the right to one's own language in legal and judicial acts, language education, media in a language understood and chosen by those concerned. Linguistic rights in international law are dealt in the broader framework of cultural and educational rights. Important documents for linguistic rights include the Universal Declaration of Linguistic Rights, the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages, the Convention on the Rights of the Child and the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities, as well as Convention against Discrimination in Education and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.
Linguistic rights became more and more prominent throughout the course of history as language came to be seen as a part of nationhood. Although policies and legislation involving language have been in effect in early European history, these were cases where a language was being imposed upon people while other languages or dialects were neglected. Most of the initial literature on linguistic rights came from countries where linguistic and/or national divisions grounded in linguistic diversity have resulted in linguistic rights playing a vital role in maintaining stability. However, it was not until the 1900s that linguistic rights gained official status in politics and international accords. Linguistic rights were first included as an international human right in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948. Formal treaty-based language rights are concerned with minority rights; the history of such language rights can be split into five phases. Pre-1815. Language rights are covered in bilateral agreements, but not in international treaties, e.g. Treaty of Lausanne.
Final Act of the Congress of Vienna. The conclusion to Napoleon I's empire-building was signed by 7 European major powers, it granted the right to use Polish to Poles in Poznan alongside German for official business. Some national constitutions protects the language rights of national minorities, e.g. Austrian Constitutional Law of 1867 grants ethnic minorities the right to develop their nationality and language. Between World I and World War II. Under the aegis of the League of Nations, Peace Treaties and major multilateral and international conventions carried clauses protecting minorities in Central and Eastern Europe, e.g. the right to private use of any language, provision for instruction in primary schools through medium of own language. Many national constitutions followed this trend, but not all signatories provided rights to minority groups within their own borders such as United Kingdom, US. Treaties provided right of complaint to League of Nations and International Court of Justice.
1945–1970s. International legislation for protection of human rights was undertaken within infrastructure of United Nations. For individual rights and collective rights to oppressed groups for self-determination. Early 1970s onwards, there was a renewed interest in rights of minorities, including language rights of minorities. E.g. UN Declaration on the Rights of Persons Belonging to National or Ethnic and Linguistic Minorities; some make a distinction between language rights and linguistic human rights because the former concept covers a much wider scope. Thus, not all language rights are LHR. One way of distinguishing language rights from LHR is between what is necessary, what is enrichment-oriented. Necessary rights, as in human rights, are those needed for basic needs and for living a dignified life, e.g. language-related identity, access to mother tongue, right of access to an official language, no enforced language shift, access to formal primary education based on language, the right for minority groups to perpetuate as a distinct group, with own languages.
Enrichment rights are above e.g. right to learn foreign languages. The most basic definition of linguistic rights is the right of individuals to use their language with other members of their linguistic group, regardless of the status of their language, they evolve from general human rights, in particular: non-discrimination, freedom of expression, right to private life, the right of members of a linguistic minority to use their language with other members of their community. Individual linguistic rights are provided for in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights: Article 2 – all individuals are entitled to the rights declared without discrimination based on language. Article 10 – individuals are entitled to a fair trial, this is recognized to involve the right to an interpreter if an individual does not understand the language used in criminal court proceedings, or in a criminal accusation; the individual has the right to have the interpreter translate the proceedings, including court documents.
Article 19 – individuals have the right to freedom of expression, including the right to choose any language as the medium of expression. Article 26 – everyone has the right to education, with relevance to the language of medium of instruction. Linguistic rights can be applied to the public domain. Most treaties or language rights documents distinguish between the private use of a language by individuals and the use of a language by public authorities. Existing international human rights mandate that all ind
Metre
The metre or meter is the base unit of length in the International System of Units. The SI unit symbol is m; the metre is defined as the length of the path travelled by light in vacuum in 1/299 792 458 of a second. The metre was defined in 1793 as one ten-millionth of the distance from the equator to the North Pole – as a result the Earth's circumference is 40,000 km today. In 1799, it was redefined in terms of a prototype metre bar. In 1960, the metre was redefined in terms of a certain number of wavelengths of a certain emission line of krypton-86. In 1983, the current definition was adopted; the imperial inch is defined as 0.0254 metres. One metre is about 3 3⁄8 inches longer than a yard, i.e. about 39 3⁄8 inches. Metre is the standard spelling of the metric unit for length in nearly all English-speaking nations except the United States and the Philippines, which use meter. Other Germanic languages, such as German and the Scandinavian languages spell the word meter. Measuring devices are spelled "-meter" in all variants of English.
The suffix "-meter" has the same Greek origin as the unit of length. The etymological roots of metre can be traced to the Greek verb μετρέω and noun μέτρον, which were used for physical measurement, for poetic metre and by extension for moderation or avoiding extremism; this range of uses is found in Latin, French and other languages. The motto ΜΕΤΡΩ ΧΡΩ in the seal of the International Bureau of Weights and Measures, a saying of the Greek statesman and philosopher Pittacus of Mytilene and may be translated as "Use measure!", thus calls for both measurement and moderation. In 1668 the English cleric and philosopher John Wilkins proposed in an essay a decimal-based unit of length, the universal measure or standard based on a pendulum with a two-second period; the use of the seconds pendulum to define length had been suggested to the Royal Society in 1660 by Christopher Wren. Christiaan Huygens had observed that length to be 39.26 English inches. No official action was taken regarding these suggestions.
In 1670 Gabriel Mouton, Bishop of Lyon suggested a universal length standard with decimal multiples and divisions, to be based on a one-minute angle of the Earth's meridian arc or on a pendulum with a two-second period. In 1675, the Italian scientist Tito Livio Burattini, in his work Misura Universale, used the phrase metro cattolico, derived from the Greek μέτρον καθολικόν, to denote the standard unit of length derived from a pendulum; as a result of the French Revolution, the French Academy of Sciences charged a commission with determining a single scale for all measures. On 7 October 1790 that commission advised the adoption of a decimal system, on 19 March 1791 advised the adoption of the term mètre, a basic unit of length, which they defined as equal to one ten-millionth of the distance between the North Pole and the Equator. In 1793, the French National Convention adopted the proposal. In 1791, the French Academy of Sciences selected the meridional definition over the pendular definition because the force of gravity varies over the surface of the Earth, which affects the period of a pendulum.
To establish a universally accepted foundation for the definition of the metre, more accurate measurements of this meridian were needed. The French Academy of Sciences commissioned an expedition led by Jean Baptiste Joseph Delambre and Pierre Méchain, lasting from 1792 to 1799, which attempted to measure the distance between a belfry in Dunkerque and Montjuïc castle in Barcelona to estimate the length of the meridian arc through Dunkerque; this portion of the meridian, assumed to be the same length as the Paris meridian, was to serve as the basis for the length of the half meridian connecting the North Pole with the Equator. The problem with this approach is that the exact shape of the Earth is not a simple mathematical shape, such as a sphere or oblate spheroid, at the level of precision required for defining a standard of length; the irregular and particular shape of the Earth smoothed to sea level is represented by a mathematical model called a geoid, which means "Earth-shaped". Despite these issues, in 1793 France adopted this definition of the metre as its official unit of length based on provisional results from this expedition.
However, it was determined that the first prototype metre bar was short by about 200 micrometres because of miscalculation of the flattening of the Earth, making the prototype about 0.02% shorter than the original proposed definition of the metre. Regardless, this length became the French standard and was progressively adopted by other countries in Europe; the expedition was fictionalised in Le mètre du Monde. Ken Alder wrote factually about the expedition in The Measure of All Things: the seven year odyssey and hidden error that transformed the world. In 1867 at the second general conference of the International Association of Geodesy held in Berlin, the question of an international standard unit of length was discussed in order to combine the measurements made in different countries to determine the size and shape of the Earth; the conference recommended the adoption of the metre and the creation of an internatio
Albertslund Municipality
Albertslund Municipality is a municipality in Region Hovedstaden on the island of Zealand in eastern Denmark. The municipality covers an area of 23,04 km², has a population of 27,780, its mayor is a member of the Social Democrats political party. As of 2010 the social democrats have 9 of the 21 seats in the city council; the main town and the site of its municipal council is the town of Albertslund. The original name of the municipality was Herstedernes Kommune. In 1973 the name was changed to Albertslund Kommune; the name Herstederne represents the two communities of Herstedvester and Herstedøster which were the original villages in the area together with Vridsløse and Risby. Neighboring municipalities are Glostrup to the east and Egedal municipality to the north, Høje-Taastrup to the west, Vallensbæk and Brøndby to the south. Albertslund is home to Danmarks International Kollegium. Albertslund is known for its effort in raising awareness about climate change. Albertslund Municipality was not merged with other municipalities by 1 January 2007 as the result of nationwide 2007 Municipal Reform.
In 1973 Friluftsbadet Badesøen opened for the first time in Albertslund. Companies headquartered in the municipality include Kemp & Lauritzen. Distribution of the 21 seats in the municipal council. Albertslund is twinned with the following towns: Borken, Germany Grabow, Germany Mölndal, Sweden Barrhead, East Renfrewshire, Scotland Whitstable, England Sisimiut, Greenland Říčany, Czech Republic Friluftsbadet Badesøen is a swimming pool in Albertslund Municipality. Badesøen's distinctive, round pool is 60 m in diameter, it contains 3.6 million gallons of water. Water depth varies from 25 cm along the edge to 380 cm during the 3 meter lashes. In the children's departments is the water depth from 25 to 80 cm deep; the basin is divided into areas for small children, for children who cannot swim, for swimmers. There is in the large area are two bathing bridges, between which there are a number of 50-meter lanes. Badesøen's two waterslides are 60 and 43 meters long; the water temperature at 22 degrees is powered by solar energy.
The whole area is 5000 m2 and includes a beach volleyball court, ball field, streetbasket field, children's area, café area, boccia court, locker facilities and large grassed areas. On a warm summer days Badesøen visited 3,000 customers. Badesøen first opened in 1973. Herstedvester Church Herstedøster Church Municipality's official website Municipal statistics: NetBorger Kommunefakta, delivered from KMD aka Kommunedata Municipal mergers and neighbors: Eniro new municipalities map Mapsearch of new municipalities Printable map List of twin towns: Albertslund.dk
