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T-antenna
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A ‘T’-antenna, ‘T’-aerial, or flat-top antenna is a monopole radio antenna consisting of one or more horizontal wires suspended between two supporting radio masts or buildings and insulated from them at the ends. A vertical wire is connected to the center of the horizontal wires and hangs down close to the ground, connected to the transmitter or receiver. The shape of the antenna resembles the letter "T", hence the name. The transmitter power is applied, or the receiver is connected, between the bottom of the vertical wire and a ground connection.
A 1935 photo of WOR / 710AM's facility in Carteret, New Jersey. In this case there are three radiators: the two towers and the center ‘T’-antenna, sus
A 1935 photo of WOR / 710AM's facility in Carteret, New Jersey. In this case there are three radiators: the two towers and the center ‘T’-antenna, suspended in the middle.
Multiwire broadcast T-antenna of early AM station WBZ, in Springfield, MA, 1925.
Multiwire broadcast T-antenna of early AM station WBZ, in Springfield, MA, 1925.
One of the first uses of ‘T’ aerials in the early 20th century was on ships, since they could be strung between masts. This is the antenna of RMS Tita
One of the first uses of ‘T’ aerials in the early 20th century was on ships, since they could be strung between masts. This is the antenna of RMS Titanic, which broadcast the rescue call during her sinking in 1912. It was a multiwire ‘T’ with a 50 metre (160′) vertical wire and four 120 metre (400′) horizontal wires.
An amateur radio cage ‘T’-antenna 60 ft high by 90 ft long built in 1922, owned by the Historic Radio Engineers Club, Riverhead, New York. The conduct
An amateur radio cage ‘T’-antenna 60 ft high by 90 ft long built in 1922, owned by the Historic Radio Engineers Club, Riverhead, New York. The conductor is made of a 'cage' of 6 wires held apart by wooden spreaders. This antenna achieved transatlantic contacts on 1.5 MHz, at a power of 440 W.
Electrical length
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In electrical engineering, electrical length is a dimensionless parameter equal to the physical length of an electrical conductor such as a cable or wire, divided by the wavelength of alternating current at a given frequency traveling through the conductor. In other words, it is the length of the conductor measured in wavelengths. It can alternately be expressed as an angle, in radians or degrees, equal to the phase shift the alternating current experiences traveling through the conductor.
Reduction factor of physical length of a resonant dipole from a half-wavelength electrical length as a function of element thickness
Reduction factor of physical length of a resonant dipole from a half-wavelength electrical length as a function of element thickness