1.
Melbourne
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Melbourne is the capital and most populous city of the Australian state of Victoria, and the second-most populous city in Australia and Oceania. The name Melbourne refers to an urban agglomeration spanning 9,900 km2, the metropolis is located on the large natural bay of Port Phillip and expands into the hinterlands towards the Dandenong and Macedon mountain ranges, Mornington Peninsula and Yarra Valley. It has a population of 4,641,636 as of 2016, and its inhabitants are called Melburnians. Founded by free settlers from the British Crown colony of Van Diemens Land on 30 August 1835, in what was then the colony of New South Wales, it was incorporated as a Crown settlement in 1837. It was named Melbourne by the Governor of New South Wales, Sir Richard Bourke, in honour of the British Prime Minister of the day, William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne. It was officially declared a city by Queen Victoria, to whom Lord Melbourne was close, in 1847, during the Victorian gold rush of the 1850s, it was transformed into one of the worlds largest and wealthiest cities. After the federation of Australia in 1901, it served as the interim seat of government until 1927. It is a financial centre in the Asia-Pacific region. It is recognised as a UNESCO City of Literature and a centre for street art, music. It was the host city of the 1956 Summer Olympics and the 2006 Commonwealth Games, the main passenger airport serving the metropolis and the state is Melbourne Airport, the second busiest in Australia. The Port of Melbourne is Australias busiest seaport for containerised and general cargo, Melbourne has an extensive transport network. The main metropolitan train terminus is Flinders Street Station, and the regional train. Melbourne is also home to Australias most extensive network and has the worlds largest urban tram network. Before the arrival of settlers, humans had occupied the area for an estimated 31,000 to 40,000 years. At the time of European settlement, it was inhabited by under 2000 hunter-gatherers from three indigenous tribes, the Wurundjeri, Boonwurrung and Wathaurong. The area was an important meeting place for the clans of the Kulin nation alliance and it would be 30 years before another settlement was attempted. Batman selected a site on the bank of the Yarra River. Batman then returned to Launceston in Tasmania, in early August 1835 a different group of settlers, including John Pascoe Fawkner, left Launceston on the ship Enterprize
2.
Victoria (Australia)
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Victoria is a state in southeast Australia. Victoria is Australias most densely populated state and its second-most populous state overall, most of its population is concentrated in the area surrounding Port Phillip Bay, which includes the metropolitan area of its state capital and largest city, Melbourne, Australias second-largest city. Prior to British European settlement, the area now constituting Victoria was inhabited by a number of Aboriginal peoples. With Great Britain having claimed the entire Australian continent east of the 135th meridian east in 1788, Victoria was included in the wider colony of New South Wales. The first settlement in the area occurred in 1803 at Sullivan Bay, and much of what is now Victoria was included in the Port Phillip District in 1836, Victoria was officially created as a separate colony in 1851, and achieved self-government in 1855. Politically, Victoria has 37 seats in the Australian House of Representatives and 12 seats in the Australian Senate, at state level, the Parliament of Victoria consists of the Legislative Assembly and the Legislative Council. Victoria is currently governed by the Labor Party, with Daniel Andrews the current Premier, the personal representative of the Queen of Australia in the state is the Governor of Victoria, currently Linda Dessau. Local government is concentrated in 79 municipal districts, including 33 cities, although a number of unincorporated areas still exist, Victorias total gross state product is ranked second in Australia, although Victoria is ranked fourth in terms of GSP per capita because of its limited mining activity. Culturally, Melbourne is home to a number of museums, art galleries and theatres and is described as the sporting capital of Australia. The Melbourne Cricket Ground is the largest stadium in Australia, and the host of the 1956 Summer Olympics, Victoria has eight public universities, with the oldest, the University of Melbourne, having been founded in 1853. Victoria, like Queensland, was named after Queen Victoria, who had been on the British throne for 14 years when the colony was established in 1851. The first British settlement in the later known as Victoria was established in October 1803 under Lieutenant-Governor David Collins at Sullivan Bay on Port Phillip. In the year 1826 Colonel Stewart, Captain S. Wright, fly and the brigs Dragon and Amity, took a number of convicts and a small force composed of detachments of the 3rd and 93rd regiments. Victorias next settlement was at Portland, on the south west coast of what is now Victoria, edward Henty settled Portland Bay in 1834. Melbourne was founded in 1835 by John Batman, who set up a base in Indented Head, from settlement the region around Melbourne was known as the Port Phillip District, a separately administered part of New South Wales. Shortly after the now known as Geelong was surveyed by Assistant Surveyor W. H. Smythe. And in 1838 Geelong was officially declared a town, despite earlier white settlements dating back to 1826, days later, still in 1851 gold was discovered near Ballarat, and subsequently at Bendigo. Later discoveries occurred at sites across Victoria
3.
Australia
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Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and numerous smaller islands. It is the worlds sixth-largest country by total area, the neighbouring countries are Papua New Guinea, Indonesia and East Timor to the north, the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu to the north-east, and New Zealand to the south-east. Australias capital is Canberra, and its largest urban area is Sydney, for about 50,000 years before the first British settlement in the late 18th century, Australia was inhabited by indigenous Australians, who spoke languages classifiable into roughly 250 groups. The population grew steadily in subsequent decades, and by the 1850s most of the continent had been explored, on 1 January 1901, the six colonies federated, forming the Commonwealth of Australia. Australia has since maintained a liberal democratic political system that functions as a federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy comprising six states. The population of 24 million is highly urbanised and heavily concentrated on the eastern seaboard, Australia has the worlds 13th-largest economy and ninth-highest per capita income. With the second-highest human development index globally, the country highly in quality of life, health, education, economic freedom. The name Australia is derived from the Latin Terra Australis a name used for putative lands in the southern hemisphere since ancient times, the Dutch adjectival form Australische was used in a Dutch book in Batavia in 1638, to refer to the newly discovered lands to the south. On 12 December 1817, Macquarie recommended to the Colonial Office that it be formally adopted, in 1824, the Admiralty agreed that the continent should be known officially as Australia. The first official published use of the term Australia came with the 1830 publication of The Australia Directory and these first inhabitants may have been ancestors of modern Indigenous Australians. The Torres Strait Islanders, ethnically Melanesian, were originally horticulturists, the northern coasts and waters of Australia were visited sporadically by fishermen from Maritime Southeast Asia. The first recorded European sighting of the Australian mainland, and the first recorded European landfall on the Australian continent, are attributed to the Dutch. The first ship and crew to chart the Australian coast and meet with Aboriginal people was the Duyfken captained by Dutch navigator, Willem Janszoon. He sighted the coast of Cape York Peninsula in early 1606, the Dutch charted the whole of the western and northern coastlines and named the island continent New Holland during the 17th century, but made no attempt at settlement. William Dampier, an English explorer and privateer, landed on the north-west coast of New Holland in 1688, in 1770, James Cook sailed along and mapped the east coast, which he named New South Wales and claimed for Great Britain. The first settlement led to the foundation of Sydney, and the exploration, a British settlement was established in Van Diemens Land, now known as Tasmania, in 1803, and it became a separate colony in 1825. The United Kingdom formally claimed the part of Western Australia in 1828. Separate colonies were carved from parts of New South Wales, South Australia in 1836, Victoria in 1851, the Northern Territory was founded in 1911 when it was excised from South Australia
4.
Alternative rock
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Alternative rock is a genre of rock music that emerged from the independent music underground of the 1980s and became widely popular in the 1990s and 2000s. In this instance, the word refers to the genres distinction from mainstream rock music. The terms original meaning was broader, referring to a generation of musicians unified by their debt to either the musical style or simply the independent. Ethos of punk rock, which in the late 1970s laid the groundwork for alternative music, Alternative rock is a broad umbrella term consisting of music that differs greatly in terms of its sound, its social context, and its regional roots. Most of these subgenres had achieved minor mainstream notice and a few bands representing them, such as Hüsker Dü, with the breakthrough of Nirvana and the popularity of the grunge and Britpop movements in the 1990s, alternative rock entered the musical mainstream and many alternative bands became successful. By the end of the decade, alternative rocks mainstream prominence declined due to a number of events that caused grunge and Britpop to fade, emo attracted attention in the larger alternative rock world, and the term was applied to a variety of artists, including multi-platinum acts. Post-punk revival artists such as Modest Mouse and The Killers had commercial success in the early, before the term alternative rock came into common usage around 1990, the sort of music to which it refers was known by a variety of terms. In 1979, Terry Tolkin used the term Alternative Music to describe the groups he was writing about, in 1979 Dallas radio station KZEW had a late night new wave show entitled Rock and Roll Alternative. College rock was used in the United States to describe the music during the 1980s due to its links to the radio circuit. In the United Kingdom, dozens of small do it yourself record labels emerged as a result of the punk subculture, according to the founder of one of these labels, Cherry Red, NME and Sounds magazines published charts based on small record stores called Alternative Charts. The first national chart based on distribution called the Indie Chart was published in January 1980, at the time, the term indie was used literally to describe independently distributed records. By 1985, indie had come to mean a particular genre, or group of subgenres, at first the term referred to intentionally non–mainstream rock acts that were not influenced by heavy metal ballads, rarefied new wave and high-energy dance anthems. The use of alternative gained further exposure due to the success of Lollapalooza, for which festival founder, in the late 1990s, the definition again became more specific. Defining music as alternative is often difficult because of two conflicting applications of the word, the name alternative rock essentially serves as an umbrella term for underground music that has emerged in the wake of punk rock since the mid-1980s. Alternative bands during the 1980s generally played in clubs, recorded for indie labels. Sounds range from the gloomy soundscapes of gothic rock to the guitars of indie pop to the dirty guitars of grunge to the 1960s/1970s revivalism of Britpop. This approach to lyrics developed as a reflection of the social and economic strains in the United States and United Kingdom of the 1980s, by 1984, a majority of groups signed to independent record labels mined from a variety of rock and particularly 1960s rock influences. This represented a break from the futuristic, hyper-rational post-punk years
5.
Synthpop
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Synth-pop is a subgenre of new wave music that first became prominent in the late 1970s and features the synthesizer as the dominant musical instrument. It was prefigured in the 1960s and early 1970s by the use of synthesizers in progressive rock, electronic, art rock, disco, and particularly the Krautrock of bands like Kraftwerk. It arose as a genre in Japan and the United Kingdom in the post-punk era as part of the new wave movement of the late-1970s to the mid-1980s. In Japan, Yellow Magic Orchestras success opened the way for bands such as P-Model, Plastics. The development of polyphonic synthesizers, the definition of MIDI. This, its adoption by the acts from the New Romantic movement, together with the rise of MTV. Synth-pop is sometimes deployed interchangeably with electropop, but electropop may also denote a variant of synth-pop that places emphasis on a harder. In the late 1980s duos such as Erasure and Pet Shop Boys adopted a style that was successful on the US dance-charts. Some artists and bands were criticised for gender bending, Synth-pop was defined by its primary use of synthesizers, drum machines and sequencers, sometimes using them to replace all other instruments. Borthwick and Moy have described the genre as diverse but, many synth-pop musicians had limited musical skills, relying on the technology to produce or reproduce the music. The result was often minimalist, with grooves that were woven together from simple repeated riffs often with no harmonic progression to speak of. Early synth-pop has been described as eerie, sterile, and vaguely menacing, using droning electronics with little change in inflection, common lyrical themes of synth-pop songs were isolation, urban anomie, and feelings of being emotionally cold and hollow. Synthesizers were increasingly used to imitate the conventional and clichéd sound of orchestras, thin, treble-dominant, synthesized melodies and simple drum programmes gave way to thick, and compressed production, and a more conventional drum sound. Lyrics were generally optimistic, dealing with more traditional subject matter for pop music such as romance, escapism. According to music writer Simon Reynolds, the hallmark of 1980s synth-pop was its emotional, at times operatic singers such as Marc Almond, Alison Moyet and Annie Lennox. Because synthesizers removed the need for groups of musicians, these singers were often part of a duo where their partner played all the instrumentation. Later synth-pop saw a shift to a style influenced by other genres. Electronic musical synthesizers that could be used practically in a recording studio became available in the mid-1960s, the portable Minimoog, which allowed much easier use, particularly in live performance was widely adopted by progressive rock musicians such as Richard Wright of Pink Floyd and Rick Wakeman of Yes
6.
Festival Records
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Festival Records was an Australian recording and publishing company founded in Sydney in 1952 and operated until 2005. Festival was established by one of Australias first merchant banking companies, Mainguard, founded by entrepreneur, Mainguard had a wide range of investments including one of Australias first supermarket companies, and a whaling business and also backed famed Australian filmmaker Charles Chauvel. Another early staff member was Bruce Gyngell, who was hired to help found Australias first commercial TV station. The connection between Nine and Festival would reap benefits for the label in the late 1950s and early 1960s. Festival was able to gain a foothold in the Australian music market thanks to Welch. When Mainguard began diverting Festivals profits into its other businesses, Welch resigned and he was replaced by disc jockey and former record store clerk Ken Taylor. Like Welch, Taylor did not like rock n roll, Festivals sales trebled, but by this time Mainguard was in serious financial straits and in 1957 Cullen sold Festival to property magnate L. J. Hooker. Hooker was a music fan and reportedly took a keen personal interest in the company, even establishing his own boutique imprint label, Rex. Both artists had heard OKeefe perform the song during their 1958 Aussie tour and this Festival success was followed by four #1 hits in 1959 for another local act, Col Joye & the Joy Boys. S. Festival played a role in the Australian pop scene of the mid-to-late 1960s. Festival recorded or distributed some of the most popular Australian acts of the decade, an important factor in the companys success during the pop boom of the 1960s was the pressing and distribution deals it made with the many small independent pop labels that emerged in this period. A large proportion of the released on Sunshine, Kommmotion and Spin were overseen by producer Pat Aulton. Aulton was probably responsible for more Australian-made hits than any other record producer of his era. Aulton began his career as a singer in the Adelaide band the Clefs, then became an A&R manager for the Sunshine label, where he produced many of that labels releases, including hits by Normie Rowe. When Daymans mini-empire collapsed in 1966, Aulton discovered that he had unwittingly been named as a partner in the record label, as a result, he had most of his assets seized by creditors. Fortunately he was rescued by Festival MD Fred Marks, who offered him a job as a producer for Festival. In 1970, Festival established a new music label, Infinity Records Early Infinity releases included Kahvas Jute. In 1979 Mark Moffatt replaced Batchens as house producer, bringing much of the Mushroom recording in house, another notable success for Festival in this period was Sister Janet Mead
7.
Madman Entertainment
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Madman Entertainment is an Australian company that distributes Australian and foreign films as well as Japanese anime and manga in Australia, New Zealand, and Papua New Guinea. Madman is one of the entertainment companies in Australia. It employs approx 100 people and has a turnover of around A$50 million. Its headquarters is in Richmond, Victoria, Madman has secured the local release rights to popular titles including Sailor Moon, One Piece, Dragon Ball, Neon Genesis Evangelion, Akira, Steins, Gate and almost all of Studio Ghiblis catalogue. In addition to DVD sales, Madman manages the theatrical release of some of their titles, according to market research, Madman accounts for 97% of the total anime home media market in Australia. Later on in 1997, Madman started to distribute anime from ADV Films along with Siren Entertainment, in 2001 Madman Entertainment bought Sirens distribution equipment and established The AV Channel, allowing Madman to distribute their own titles. As of 2008, only some of Manga Entertainment Australias titles from the 1990s have been distributed by Madman, some of their DVD releases have been jointly mastered with Britains MVM Films or Revelation Films to save costs, and are therefore dual-region. A few DVD titles from Madman, such as the Oh My Goddess, oVAs, are all-region or multi-region DVDs in the NTSC format, imported from the US and repackaged for sale in Australia and New Zealand. Madman & Manga UK also work together on PAL DVD & Region B Blu-ray masters and video transfers, a growing selection of manga titles translated by Tokyopop in the United States and Chuang Yi in Singapore are being imported and distributed through Madman Entertainment. In February 2008, Madman announced that they would also be distributing manga titles from Viz Media, Madman currently distributes manga from Viz Media, Dark Horse Comics, Tokyopop, and recently from Yen Press with the 2012 release of The Melancholy of Haruhi Suzumiya. Madman launched in 1996 solely as a distribution company, but has since expanded. Madman also has a distribution arm called Madman Cinema. In addition, the company distributes original series produced by Australias Special Broadcasting Service on DVD, at the 2008 Supanova Pop Culture Expo, Madman announced plans to explore new distribution methods. The company now offers streaming of selected anime episodes, beginning with the first episode of School Rumble. Madman now has a sub-page, Madman Scereening Room, dedicated to video streaming, Madman has also begun releasing Blu-ray Disc titles, starting with The Transformers, The Movie in June 2009. On 1 June 2009, Madman Entertainment released an English adaption of Tamagotchi, The Movie, Madman also intended to dub the films sequel, Tamagotchi, Happiest Story in the Universe. But the dub was cancelled for unknown reasons, in April 2008, the company announced a collaboration with British company Warp Films. Warp and Madman plan to make at least two films together over the three years, starting with Tyrannosaur
8.
Sony BMG
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Sony BMG Music Entertainment was a record music company, which was a 50–50 joint venture between the Sony Corporation of America and Bertelsmann AG. The ventures successor, the again-active Sony Music Entertainment, is 100% owned by the Sony Corporation of America, Sony BMG Music Entertainment began in Skem as the result of a 50–50 joint venture between Sony Music Entertainment and Bertelsmann Music Group completed on March 4,2004. The merger affected all Sony Music and Bertelsmann Music Group companies worldwide except for Japan, financial analysts covering the merger anticipated that up to 2,000 jobs would be cut as a result, saving Sony BMG approximately $350 million annually. The companys chief executive officer is Rolf Schmidt-Holtz, who succeeded Andrew Lack on February 10,2006, in the first half of 2005, the companys share of new releases in the United States declined from 33% to 26% according to Nielsen SoundScan. This, and Lacks negotiation of what called a ill-conceived deal with Bruce Springsteen led to Bertelsmann informing Sony that it would not renew Lacks contract. The company signed a content deal with the video sharing community YouTube. On August 5,2008 Sony Corporation agreed to buy Bertelsmann AGs 50 percent stake in the company for $1.2 billion to get full control. The music company was renamed Sony Music Entertainment and became a unit of Sony Corporation of America, epic Records, one of their labels, was specifically cited for using fake contests in order to hide the fact that the gifts were going to disc jockeys rather than listeners. A scandal ensued over digital rights management software produced and shipped by Sony BMG that automatically installed itself on peoples computers, the scandal and attendant controversy about the practice of software auto-installation spawned several lawsuits. Sony BMG eventually recalled all of the affected CDs, uS-CERT advised, Do not install software from sources that you do not expect to contain software, such as an audio CD. In its Top Flops of 05 issue, the enterprise newsweekly eWeek had to create a new category for the Sony BMG root-kit fiasco, peter Coffee, of eWeek Labs reported, The Sony brand name was already in trouble—it lost 16 percent of its value between 2004 and 2005. Now it has taken a blow among tech-product opinion leaders, weve never done it before, and we hope well never have occasion to do it again but, for 2005, eWeek Labs awards a Stupid Tech Trick grand prize to Sony. EWeek Vol.22, No.50 In October 2007, Sony BMG, alongside other large music firms, successfully sued Jammie Thomas. Ms. Thomas – who made US$36,000 a year – was ordered to pay US$222,000 in damages for making 24 songs available for download on the Kazaa file-sharing network. Thomas had allegedly shared 1702 files in total, the court upholding the award called it a case of willful infringement. Sony did not restrict minor childrens participation in its websites, Sony paid a $1 million fine. Sony Commercial Music Group – Official Site Sony Music Entertainment, Incorporated – Company Profile on Yahoo
9.
Genre b.goode
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Genre b. goode is the record label used by Australian band TISM. Formed around 1995, the title comes from one of the founding members of TISM who chose his stage name as Genre B. According to the members of TISM, Genres complete non-sell-out stance was simultaneously stupid. The label, however, is not a label in and of itself and it tends to be used as a vanity label the band attach to their recordings regardless of who theyre signed to at the time
10.
Platter (album)
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Platter is a solo album released in 2003 by TISM bassist Jock Cheese. All the songs were written by Cheese and fellow TISM members Ron Hitler-Barassi, Cheese plays most of the instruments, excluding drums. Platter features social commentary and satire that is prominent in TISMs works with satirical references to Christopher Skase, Josh Abrahams. The songs I Done It with the Drama Teacher and Piss in My Pocket were released as singles, with tracks from the album as B-sides. Tracks 13-19 are instrumental versions of selected tracks from the album, Holt would tour with a band called Jock Cheese and the Crackers in 2003 to promote the album. Part of the lyrics to Unfair were used as an unlisted spoken-word intro to TISMs 2001 album De Rigueurmortis, totally Addicted to Skase was written in 1999 and performed at secret TISM concerts in 2000. All tracks written by John Holt, Peter Minack and Damian Cowell
11.
Anonymity
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Anonymity, adjective anonymous, is derived from the Greek word ἀνωνυμία, anonymia, meaning without a name or namelessness. In colloquial use, anonymous is used to describe situations where the persons name is unknown. Some writers have argued that namelessness, though correct, does not capture what is more centrally at stake in contexts of anonymity. The important idea here is that a person be non-identifiable, unreachable, Anonymity is seen as a technique, or a way of realizing, certain other values, such as privacy, or liberty. An important example for anonymity being not only protected, but enforced by law is probably the vote in free elections, in many other situations, anonymity is traditionally accepted as natural. There are also situations in which a person might choose to withhold their identity. Acts of charity have been performed anonymously when benefactors do not wish to be acknowledged, a person who feels threatened might attempt to mitigate that threat through anonymity. A witness to a crime might seek to avoid retribution, for example, criminals might proceed anonymously to conceal their participation in a crime. Anonymity may also be created unintentionally, through the loss of identifying information due to the passage of time or a destructive event, in certain situations, however, it may be illegal to remain anonymous. In the United States,24 states have “stop and identify” statutes that requires persons detained to self-identify when requested by a law enforcement officer, in Germany, people have to indicate their names at the door of their homes. The term anonymous message typically refers to a message that does not reveal its sender, in many countries, anonymous letters are protected by law and must be delivered as regular letters. In mathematics, in reference to an element, within a well-defined set. If it is not identifiable, then the element is said to be anonymous, sometimes it is desired that a person can establish a long-term relationship with some other entity, without necessarily disclosing personally identifying information to that entity. In this case, it may be useful for the person to establish a unique identifier, called a pseudonym, examples of pseudonyms are pen names, nicknames, credit card numbers, student numbers, bank account numbers, etc. A pseudonym enables the other entity to link different messages from the person and, thereby. Pseudonyms are widely used in networks and other virtual communication. This can have effects, both useful and harmful to various parties and/or entities involved, relatively. Thus, it may be used for psychological tactics involving any respective party to purport and/or support and/or discredit any sort of activity or belief, in conversational settings, anonymity may allow people to reveal personal history and feelings without fear of later embarrassment
12.
Underground music
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Underground music comprises musical genres beyond mainstream culture. Any song that is not being legally commercialized is considered underground, some underground rock bands never got non-mainstream roots. They are radical, aggressive 60s bands such as Velvet Underground, The Stooges, MC5, 70s bands like The Sex Pistols, The Damned, The Clash, and 80s hardcore punk bands like Discharge. Some underground styles eventually became mainstream, commercialized pop styles, as did for example, in the 2000s, the increasing availability of the Internet and digital music technologies has made underground music easier to distribute using streaming audio and podcasts. Some experts in cultural studies now argue that there is no underground because the Internet has made what was underground music accessible to everyone at the click of a mouse. One expert, Martin Raymond, of London-based company The Future Laboratory, commented in an article in The Independent, saying trends in music, art, now transmitted laterally and collaboratively via the internet. You once had a series of gatekeepers in the adoption of a trend, the innovator, the early adopter, the late adopter, the mainstream, the late mainstream. But now it goes straight from the innovator to the mainstream, frank Zappa attempted to define underground by noting that the mainstream comes to you, but you have to go to the underground. Black metal is also a form of music and its Norwegian scene are notorious for their association with church burnings. All of extreme metal is considered underground music for its extreme nature, in a Counterpunch magazine article, Twiin argues that Underground music is free media, because by working independently, you can say anything in your music and be free of corporate censorship. Underground music of this type is often promoted through word-of-mouth or by community radio DJs. In the early scenes, such as the Grateful Dead jam band fan scenes or the 1970s punk scenes. In the 2000s, underground music easier to distribute, using streaming audio. A music underground can also refer to the culture of music in a city. The Kitchen is an example of what was an important New York City underground music venue in the 1960s and 1970s, CBGB is another famous New York City underground music venue claiming to be Home of Underground Rock since 1973. Independent music Underground hip hop Underground art
13.
Machiavelli and the Four Seasons
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Machiavelli and the Four Seasons is a 1995 album by the Australian rock group TISM. It is TISMs most famous release and the one with which they received the most critical success, the album was certified Gold by the ARIA Awards and won the ARIA Award for Best Independent Release. The award was accepted in person by Les Murray, the subject of the song What Nationality is Les Murray, who read a seemingly insulting acceptance speech in his native Hungarian. Three of its songs reached Triple Js Hottest 100, two of them in the top 10 and this was also TISMs highest charting album, reaching number 8 in the Aria Charts. The album featured TISMs switch from Alternative rock to techno and dance music. The Stop Sign. and Ol Man River are two of TISMs best known tracks, the cover of the album is a picture of The Hollywood Argyles. The title is a phrase of doo wop group Frankie Valli. The unusual title stems from a conceit found throughout the cover, although not in the tracks themselves, that this is actually an album by a group called Machiavelli, the liner notes include an essay on the bands music, written with gushing praise. Track titles are given, entirely revolving around the words I, Love, You. TISM used the name Machiavelli and the Four Seasons, among others, the actual tracks contain many fan favourites from TISMs catalogue, and continue in the typical lyrical vein of parodying and insulting most elements of popular culture. Most well known are the singles Greg, lose Your Delusion II is a play on the Guns N Roses album Use Your Illusion II, while Play Mistral for Me is a reference to 1971 film Play Misty for Me, Clint Eastwoods directorial debut. The album also contains the controversial track. Uoy Sevol Natas. A parody of the belief that many rock songs contain backwards-masked Satanic messages. Singles from the album were Ol Man River and Greg, All Homeboys Are Dickheads was pressed up and prepared for sale, but for reasons unknown, prior to shipping, TISM ordered that the single be deleted. Copies of the single did make their way into the hands of TISM fans and it was also released as a promo with Machines Against the Rage. TISM worked on what would become their album at Metropolis Audio between December 1992 and September 1993 with various producers, including Tony Cohen, Laurence Maddy. Tracks known from these sessions include Jung Talent Time, Aussiemandias, Abscess Makes the Heart Grow Fonder, the group abandoned work on the album and started recording new demos in a techno-influenced alternative dance style after returning from the Big Day Out. Three months later, their demos were wiped by a computer virus, UOY Sevol Natas was played live in Sydney in 1994
14.
Rock music
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It has its roots in 1940s and 1950s rock and roll, itself heavily influenced by blues, rhythm and blues and country music. Rock music also drew strongly on a number of genres such as electric blues and folk. Musically, rock has centered on the guitar, usually as part of a rock group with electric bass guitar. Typically, rock is song-based music usually with a 4/4 time signature using a verse-chorus form, like pop music, lyrics often stress romantic love but also address a wide variety of other themes that are frequently social or political in emphasis. Punk was an influence into the 1980s on the subsequent development of subgenres, including new wave, post-punk. From the 1990s alternative rock began to rock music and break through into the mainstream in the form of grunge, Britpop. Similarly, 1970s punk culture spawned the visually distinctive goth and emo subcultures and this trio of instruments has often been complemented by the inclusion of other instruments, particularly keyboards such as the piano, Hammond organ and synthesizers. The basic rock instrumentation was adapted from the blues band instrumentation. A group of musicians performing rock music is termed a rock band or rock group, Rock music is traditionally built on a foundation of simple unsyncopated rhythms in a 4/4 meter, with a repetitive snare drum back beat on beats two and four. Melodies are often derived from older musical modes, including the Dorian and Mixolydian, harmonies range from the common triad to parallel fourths and fifths and dissonant harmonic progressions. Critics have stressed the eclecticism and stylistic diversity of rock, because of its complex history and tendency to borrow from other musical and cultural forms, it has been argued that it is impossible to bind rock music to a rigidly delineated musical definition. These themes were inherited from a variety of sources, including the Tin Pan Alley pop tradition, folk music and rhythm, as a result, it has been seen as articulating the concerns of this group in both style and lyrics. Christgau, writing in 1972, said in spite of some exceptions, rock and roll usually implies an identification of male sexuality, according to Simon Frith rock was something more than pop, something more than rock and roll. Rock musicians combined an emphasis on skill and technique with the concept of art as artistic expression, original. The foundations of music are in rock and roll, which originated in the United States during the late 1940s and early 1950s. Its immediate origins lay in a melding of various musical genres of the time, including rhythm and blues and gospel music, with country. In 1951, Cleveland, Ohio disc jockey Alan Freed began playing rhythm and blues music for a multi-racial audience, debate surrounds which record should be considered the first rock and roll record. Other artists with rock and roll hits included Chuck Berry, Bo Diddley, Fats Domino, Little Richard, Jerry Lee Lewis
15.
Lyrics
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Lyrics are words that make up a song usually consisting of verses and choruses. The writer of lyrics is a lyricist, the words to an extended musical composition such as an opera are, however, usually known as a libretto and their writer, as a librettist. The meaning of lyrics can either be explicit or implicit, some lyrics are abstract, almost unintelligible, and, in such cases, their explication emphasizes form, articulation, meter, and symmetry of expression. Rappers can also create lyrics with a variation of rhyming words or words that create, Lyric derives via Latin lyricus from the Greek λυρικός, the adjectival form of lyre. It first appeared in English in the century in reference, to the Earl of Surreys translations of Petrarch. Stainer and Barrett used the word as a substantive, Lyric, poetry or blank verse intended to be set to music. By the 1930s, the present use of the plurale tantum lyrics had begun, the singular form lyric still appears, its present use, however, is to refer to a specific phrase within a songs lyrics. The differences between poem and song may become less meaningful where verse is set to music, to the point that any distinction becomes untenable and this is perhaps recognised in the way popular songs have lyrics. However, the verse may pre-date its tune, or the tune may be lost over time but the words survive, nursery rhymes may be songs, or doggerel, the term doesnt imply a distinction. The ghazal is a form that is considered primarily poetic. See also rapping, roots of hip hop music, analogously, verse drama might normally be judged as poetry, but not consisting of poems. In Baroque music, melodies and their lyrics where prose, rather than paired lines they consist of rhetorical sentences or paragraphs consisting of an opening gesture, an amplification, and a close, in German Vordersatz-Fortspinnung-Epilog. For example, When I was a child, I spake as a child, I understood as a child, I thought as a child, But when I became a man, I put away childish things. -1 Corinthians 13,11 In the lyrics of music a shifter is a word, often a pronoun, where reference varies according to who is speaking, when. For example, who is the my of My Generation, see Royalties Currently, there are many websites featuring song lyrics. This offering, however, is controversial, since some sites include copyrighted lyrics offered without the holders permission, music Publishers Association, which represents sheet music companies, launched a legal campaign against such websites in December 2005. The MPAs president, Lauren Keiser, said the free lyrics web sites are completely illegal, Lyrics licenses could be obtained worldwide through one of the two aggregators, LyricFind and Musixmatch. The first company to provide licensed lyrics was Yahoo, quickly followed by MetroLyrics and Lyrics. com
16.
Word play
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Word play or wordplay is a literary technique and a form of wit in which the words that are used become the main subject of the work, primarily for the purpose of intended effect or amusement. Word play is common in oral cultures as a method of reinforcing meaning. Examples of text-based word play are found in languages with or without alphabet-based scripts, for example, linguistic fossils and set phrases are often manipulated for word play, as in Wellerisms, Well have to rehearse that, said the undertaker as the coffin fell out of the car. Another use of fossils is in using antonyms of unpaired words – I was well-coiffed and sheveled, most writers engage in word play to some extent, but certain writers are particularly committed to, or adept at, word play as a major feature of their work. Shakespeares quibbles have made him a noted punster, wodehouse was hailed by The Times as a comic genius recognized in his lifetime as a classic and an old master of farce for his own acclaimed wordplay. James Joyce, author of Ulysses, is another noted word-player, an epitaph, probably unassigned to any grave, demonstrates use in rhyme. Here lie the bones of one Bun He was killed with a gun and his name was not Bun but Wood But Wood would not rhyme with gun But Bun would. Crossword puzzles often employ wordplay to challenge solvers, cryptic crosswords especially are based on elaborate systems of wordplay. Young Thug used a play on words in his verse on Sacrifices by Drake featuring 2 Chainz, Ima use her name, like, Who is he. I said Ima username, like, Who is he, word play can enter common usage as neologisms. Word play is closely related to games, that is. See also language game for a linguists variation, etymology Figure of speech List of forms of word play Metaphor Simile A categorized taxonomy of word play composed of record-holding words
17.
Jung Talent Time
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Jung Talent Time is a song by Australian alternative rock band TISM. Originally released as an 8-track remix EP in February 1995, the mix was released on the groups breakthrough album Machiavelli. The title plays on the name of psychologist Carl Jung, and it and track 11 from the album, Aussiemandias, are the only songs to survive from the botched sessions from 1992 to 1993 that were originally going to be the album. The lyrics for the song are very strange, as there is no typical song structure and it is basically a long list of names for the entire song, it is not until the chorus that the meaning behind having all the names becomes clear. Andy Warhol got it right / Everybody gets the limelightAndy Warhol got it wrong / Fifteen minutes is too long. Referencing Andy Warhols famous statement that Everyone will be famous for fifteen minutes, however TISM believe that fifteen minutes is far too long for people to be famous. A number of the mentioned in this song have been mentioned by. Ken Done is the most notable one, who sued TISM in 1993 due to the art of Australia The Lucky Cunt being done in the same vein as his works. Michael Jackson was referenced on Beasts of Suburban notably the track Michael Jacksons Conveyor Belt, peter Reith was invited to join TISM to play the triangle early in TISMs career. River Phoenix was famously referenced in the chorus of Ol Man River on the album Machiavelli, jim Morrison was the subject of Morrison Hostel, a diatribe appearing on Great Truckin Songs of the Renaissance. John Bonham was mentioned frequently in the track The Ballad Of John Bonhams Coke Roadie off Great Truckin Songs Of The Renaissance. All tracks were remixed by David Thrussell and Pieter Bourke from Melbourne band Snog, however, none of them have remix titles, #7 is an instrumental version of #1. Jung Talent Time Jung Talent Time Jung Talent Time Jung Talent Time Jung Talent Time Jung Talent Time Jung Talent Time Jung Talent Time TISM Machiavelli and the Four Seasons
18.
Murrumbeena, Victoria
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Murrumbeena is a suburb in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia,13 km south-east of Melbournes central business district. Its local government area is the City of Glen Eira, at the 2011 Census, Murrumbeena had a population of 8,592. Murrumbeena is a suburban area with extensive parklands and primarily Federation. The name Murrumbeena derives from the Aboriginal word mirambeena and it may have meant land of frogs, moss growing on decayed wood or it may be a derivative from the name of an Aboriginal elder. The evidence for any of these etymologies is uncertain, the name was officially adopted when the railway station opened in 1879. The main street of Murrumbeena is Neerim Road, which bends to cross the lines and has a strip shopping centre extending to Murrumbeena Road nearby the railway station. Trading at the centre suffered greatly with the opening of Chadstone Shopping Centre nearby, however it has seen a recent revival, particularly of street cafes. The main roads running through Murrumbeena are Dandenong Road, Neerim Road, Murrumbeena railway station is a suburban railway station providing regular services to the city and along the Pakenham and Cranbourne lines. The Neerim Road level crossing was identified by the RACV in 2010 as one of the worst for traffic congestion in metropolitan Melbourne, in 2016, the Andrews Labor Government announced it would construct an extended elevated railway bridge to remove level crossings on the Pakenham/Cranbourne line. The proposal calls for three concrete bridge-like structures, each spanning multiple kilometres and composed of varying in height from nine to 16 metres. Much of the local community consequently became incensed with the method of grade separation. Locals maintain that Skyrail is inconsistent with the widely accepted rail under road, cut and they affirm support for this design to be utilised instead and point to its successful implementation at Bourke Road, Glen Iris and Springvale Road, Nunawading. They note that similar designs are being constructed at North Road, McKinnon Road, residents describe the proposal as both problematic and imprudent. They question the viability of these spaces for use as parkland because much of it would exist “sandwiched” between homes in a narrow easement. They also query which organisation, specifically, will be tasked with the upkeep of the land and. Residents have also taken issue with the process the government underwent in what they say was a bid to “foist” the proposal on the community without scrutiny. Outside of the street, Murrumbeena is a mix of predominantly single-family detached homes with small pockets of walk-up flats of up to two stories developed since the 1960s. The predominant style of the buildings in the strip, station and surrounding homes are Federation
19.
Dark ambient
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Dark ambient is a genre of post-industrial music that features foreboding, ominous, or discordant overtones, some of which were heavily inspired by elements of ambient music. The term was coined in the early 1990s by Roger Karmanik to describe the music of Raison dêtre and is associated with the Cold Meat Industry record label. Dark ambient has its roots in the 1970s, with the introduction of newer, smaller, early genre elements can be found on Throbbing Gristles 1978 album D. o. A, The Third and Final Report of Throbbing Gristle. These artists make use of principles such as noise and shock tactics. Many of these artists are eclectic in their output, with much of it falling outside of ambient industrial, dark ambient has vibrated also into contemporary classical music. The example can be some solo works of composer Vladimír Hirsch, for example, entire works may be based on radio telescope recordings, the babbling of newborn babies, or sounds recorded through contact microphones on telegraph wires. Generally the music tends to evoke a feeling of solitude, melancholy, confinement, however, while the theme in the music tends to be dark in nature, some artists create more organic soundscapes. Examples of such productions are those of Oöphoi, Alio Die, Mathias Grassow, Tau Ceti, List of dark ambient artists List of electronic music genres
20.
Industrial music
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Industrial music is a genre of experimental/electronic music that draws on transgressive or provocative sounds and themes. In general, the style is harsh and challenging, allMusic defines industrial as the most abrasive and aggressive fusion of rock and electronic music, initially a blend of avant-garde electronics experiments and punk provocation. The first industrial artists experimented with noise and aesthetically controversial topics, musically and visually, such as fascism, serial killers and their production was not limited to music, but included mail art, performance art, installation pieces and other art forms. Prominent industrial musicians include Throbbing Gristle, Monte Cazazza, SPK, Boyd Rice, Cabaret Voltaire, Musicians also cite writers such as William S. Burroughs, and philosophers such as Friedrich Nietzsche as influences. These artists expanded the genre by pushing it into noisier and more electronic directions, over time, its influence spread into and blended with styles including ambient and rock, all of which now fall under the post-industrial music label. Electro-industrial music is a subgenre that developed in the 1980s. These three distinct genres are often referred to as simply industrial, Industrial music drew from a broad range of predecessors. Industrial music was created originally by using mechanical and electric machinery, monroe also argues for Suicide as an influential contemporary of the industrial musicians. Groups cited as inspirational by the founders of industrial music include The Velvet Underground, Joy Division, genesis P-Orridge of Throbbing Gristle had a cassette library including recordings by the Master Musicians of Jajouka, Kraftwerk, Charles Manson, and William S. Burroughs. P-Orridge also credited 1960s rock such as The Doors, Pearls Before Swine, The Fugs, Captain Beefheart, chris Carter also enjoyed and found inspiration in Pink Floyd and Tangerine Dream. Boyd Rice was influenced by the music of 60s girl groups, Cabaret Voltaire cited Roxy Music as their initial forerunners, as well as Kraftwerks Trans-Europe Express. Cabaret Voltaire also recorded pieces reminiscent of musique concrète and composers such as Morton Subotnick, Nurse with Wound cited a long list of obscure free improvisation and Krautrock as recommended listening. 23 Skidoo borrowed from Fela Kuti and Miles Daviss On the Corner, many industrial groups, including Einstürzende Neubauten, took inspiration from world music. Many of the industrial musicians preferred to cite artists or thinkers, rather than musicians. Simon Reynolds declares that Being a Throbbing Gristle fan was like enrolling in a university course of cultural extremism, John Cage was an initial inspiration for Throbbing Gristle. SPK appreciated Jean Dubuffet, Marcel Duchamp, Jean Baudrillard, Michel Foucault, Walter Benjamin, Marshall McLuhan, Friedrich Nietzsche, Cabaret Voltaire took conceptual cues from Burroughs, J. G. Ballard, and Tristan Tzara. Whitehouse and Nurse with Wound dedicated some of their work to the Marquis de Sade, another influence on the industrial aesthetic was Lou Reeds Metal Machine Music. Pitchfork Music cites this album as inspiring, in part, much of the contemporary avant-garde music scene—noise, the album consists entirely of guitar feedback, anticipating industrials use of non-musical sounds
21.
TISM
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TISM were a seven-piece anonymous alternative rock band from Melbourne, Australia. The group were formed on 30 December 1982 by vocalist/drummer Humphrey B, Flaubert, bassist/vocalist Jock Cheese and keyboardist/vocalist Eugene de la Hot Croix Bun, and enjoyed a large underground/independent following. Their third album, Machiavelli and the Four Seasons, reached the Australian national top 10 in 1995, TISM were known for their hybrid of dance music and rocknroll, high-energy live shows and humorous lyrics. TISMs songs frequently satirised modern culture, celebrities and the entertainment industry, classic literature and art, current affairs, politics, the titles of their songs were often wordplays created by juxtaposing pop culture references with more intellectual ones. Minack, Cowell and Cester were members of a group called I Can Run, the bands first concert was on 6 December 1983. The Get Fucked Concert at the Duncan McKinnon Athletics Reserve in the suburb of Murrumbeena was considered a complete failure which caused the band to split up. They reformed in February 1984 and returned to their recordings, experimenting with dark ambient and industrial music and they consider every subsequent performance a re-union gig. This song is found on the EP Form and Meaning Reach Ultimate Communion as a country version. Their next single,40 Years - Then Death, was released on transparent vinyl in a plastic sleeve with no cover art or labels. This Is Serious Mums first radio-friendly single, despite the packaging, was received well. The début album, Great Truckin Songs of the Renaissance, is a vinyl release in an embossed gatefold sleeve. The first record contained twelve of TISMs most popular tracks, despite this odd combination, Truckin Songs entered the lower reaches of Australias mainstream Top 50, as did the single Saturday Night Palsy. Later that year, The TISM Guide To Little Aesthetics, a book compiling lyrics, interviews, some uncensored copies of the book do exist, however. In 1990, TISM entered negotiations with CBS Records and Phonogram Records and were signed by the latter, in April that year, the band began work on what would become their next album with producer Laurence Maddy. When Phonogram released Hot Dogma it failed to reach the commercial charts, Hot Dogma is the first release to use the acronymic form of the bands name exclusively. Over two nights in May 1991, the band were filmed live and released the video Incontinent in Ten Continents and these performances were the last for guitarist Leek Van Vlalen. TISM, with producer Tony Cohen, then released the EP Beasts of Suburban, a new guitarist, Tony Coitus joined the group onstage for the first time on 23 January 1992. The next EP, Australia The Lucky Cunt was TISMs most controversial release to date, courts issued an injunction order of the CD when the Ken Done Society threatened legal action over the artwork, which parodied Dones signature style and depicted a koala sucking a syringe
22.
Defecate on My Face
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Defecate on My Face was the first single released by Australian alternative rock band, TISM. It was released in 1986 and became a mainstay of TISMs live show, according to Australian musicologist, Ian McFarlane, it explored the sexual interplay between Adolf Hitler and Eva Braun in Nazi Germany, and it became a dance club favourite. The single was released on 7 vinyl packaged in a 12 cardboard sleeve sealed on all four sides, the original single has become a collectors item among fans. Australian musicologist, Ian McFarlane, declared that Defecate on My Face and it tells the story of Adolf Hitler and his rise through history as a great dictator. When, one day she refuses, his dictatorship goes awry, the song reveals this to be the cause of the failure of his plans to conquer the world, and his demise. The idea of Hitlers coprophilia was first suggested in The Mind of Adolf Hitler, the chorus contains the lines, Theres trouble brewing in the Warsaw Pact, So hurry up Eva and move your digestive tract. The Warsaw Pact was not established until 1955, several years after Hitlers death, the song was written in D minor. But TISM shows no such restraint, the video was filmed in 1985 and features stock footage of Nazi soldiers and several high-ranking Nazi officials inter-cut with footage of bombs dropping and aftermath of these events. One scene involves a man who looks up just as bombs are dropped from a plane, also in the video are TISM dancing in front of a white screen in their trademark black balaclavas and Ku Klux Klan uniforms. One part features a TISM member with a sheet over his head trying to eat popcorn through the sheet. One moment in the features a piece of card featuring a quote, apparently from T. S. Eliot which reads Hurry Up. Below it is small print that says THIS WRITING IS FOR PEOPLE WHO SLOW DOWN THEIR VIDEOS, at two minutes into the video, two unmasked TISM members can be seen. The song could not be played on radio until 1993, because of the content included extensive references to Nazi dictator Adolf Hitler his mistress, Eva Braun. The second B-side The Art-Income Dialectic was recorded as a prize for winning a 3RRR battle of the bands competition. It was recorded at the Aztec Studios on 24 November 1985, alongside two other tracks, If You Want the Toilet, Youre in It and When Youre Happy and You Know It, Kill Yourself. If You Want the Toilet. was released on Collected Recordings 1986-1993 in 1995, remains unreleased, however it was played live in 1986. If viewed from a distance, the artwork resembles a backwards swastika, the text would later be published in The TISM Guide to Little Aesthetics in 1990. The title has become the most re-released TISM song, appearing on several recordings, the song was written in 1983 and appears on the bedroom tape Hooked on Crap from that year, which remains unreleased
23.
Phonograph record
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The groove usually starts near the periphery and ends near the center of the disc. The phonograph disc record was the medium used for music reproduction until late in the 20th century. It had co-existed with the cylinder from the late 1880s. Records retained the largest market share even when new formats such as compact cassette were mass-marketed, by the late 1980s, digital media, in the form of the compact disc, had gained a larger market share, and the vinyl record left the mainstream in 1991. The phonograph record has made a resurgence in the early 21st century –9.2 million records were sold in the U. S. in 2014. Likewise, in the UK sales have increased five-fold from 2009 to 2014, as of 2017,48 record pressing facilities remain worldwide,18 in the United States and 30 in other countries. The increased popularity of vinyl has led to the investment in new, only two producers of lacquers remains, Apollo Masters in California, USA, and MDC in Japan. Vinyl records may be scratched or warped if stored incorrectly but if they are not exposed to heat or broken. The large cover are valued by collectors and artists for the space given for visual expression, in the 2000s, these tracings were first scanned by audio engineers and digitally converted into audible sound. Phonautograms of singing and speech made by Scott in 1860 were played back as sound for the first time in 2008, along with a tuning fork tone and unintelligible snippets recorded as early as 1857, these are the earliest known recordings of sound. In 1877, Thomas Edison invented the phonograph, unlike the phonautograph, it was capable of both recording and reproducing sound. Despite the similarity of name, there is no evidence that Edisons phonograph was based on Scotts phonautograph. Edison first tried recording sound on a paper tape, with the idea of creating a telephone repeater analogous to the telegraph repeater he had been working on. The tinfoil was wrapped around a metal cylinder and a sound-vibrated stylus indented the tinfoil while the cylinder was rotated. The recording could be played back immediately, Edison also invented variations of the phonograph that used tape and disc formats. A decade later, Edison developed a greatly improved phonograph that used a wax cylinder instead of a foil sheet. This proved to be both a better-sounding and far more useful and durable device, the wax phonograph cylinder created the recorded sound market at the end of the 1880s and dominated it through the early years of the 20th century. Berliners earliest discs, first marketed in 1889, but only in Europe, were 12.5 cm in diameter, both the records and the machine were adequate only for use as a toy or curiosity, due to the limited sound quality
24.
Great Truckin' Songs of the Renaissance
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Great Truckin Songs of the Renaissance is the debut album by the Australian band TISM. The title was suggested by Leek Van Vlalens friend, the Sydney University philosopher, originally released on vinyl as a double album on 26 September 1988, it was re-issued by Shock Records as a lone compact disc. The album reached No.48 on the ARIA Charts in October 1988, the Ages Shaun Carney, in September 1988, described Great Truckin Songs of the Renaissance as a fine piece of work. Jonathan Lewis of AllMusic rated the album as four-and-a-half stars out of five, he explained Completely tasteless and musically mediocre, the album was fresh, witty. The album is more or less standard guitar rock, but it is the lyrics that make this album great. In December 2004 FasterLouders Kathryn Kernohan felt the group had always written simple, basic structure has remained the same – danceable guitar and keyboard lines coupled with catchy choruses. The band’s ability to write a good pop song is second-to-none. She noticed that The second record of the set contains various odds and ends. Ron Hitler-Barassi - lead vocals Humphrey B, peenis - saxophone, lead vocals, backing vocals 40 Years – Then Death is a 1987 single by Australian alternative rock band TISM. It was originally released on vinyl in a clear plastic wrapper with no identifying labels of any kind. 40 Years – Then Death details an early-twenties males despondent view of his sex life,40 more years of living then death. The single earned TISM recognition as their earlier single Defecate on My Face was very infrequently played on radio, if at all, where this single was quite radio friendly. 40 Years – Then Death Art, Religion and the Neo-Classical Dialectic The Back Upon Which Jezza Jumped The Ballad of John Bonhams Coke Roadie is a released by TISM in May 1988. It was released off their album, Great Truckin Songs of the Renaissance. The Ballad of John Bonhams Coke Roadie deals with the assistant to Led Zeppelin drummer, John Bonham, the Ballad of John Bonhams Coke Roadie Mick Jagger Worked Out Im Interested in Apathy is a single by TISM. It was released in November 1988 from their album, Great Truckin Songs of the Renaissance. The title is an oxymoron as apathy is literally a lack of interest, a 12 version, with a bonus track, was issued in December 1988. His interest in apathy even prevents him from finishing the song
25.
CBS Records International
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CBS Records International, simply CBS in logo, was the international arm of the Columbia Records unit of Columbia Broadcasting System, Inc. that was formed in 1961 and launched in 1962. Previously Columbia Records had been using other companies to distribute Columbia recordings outside North America, such as Philips Records. In 1960, CBS acquired its Australian distributor since 1956, the Australian Record Company, American Columbia material continued to be issued on the CBS Coronet Records label in Australia. The CBS label was launched in Australia in 1963, also in 1960, CBS began negotiations with its European distributor Philips Records with the goal of the establishment of a CBS Records label in Europe. Philips acquisition of Mercury Records paved the way for the formation of the CBS label in 1961 with Philips distributing the first batch of CBS recordings in Europe in 1962. The use of the CBS name was necessary because EMI owned another record label called Columbia, in 1964, CBS acquired Oriole Records which gave CBS Records its own distribution in the UK beginning in 1965. Initially, only American Columbia product was distributed alongside Orioles own roster on the renamed CBS label. EMI, which had distributed American Columbia recordings on its Columbia label until the Philips deal in 1951, continued to distribute CBSs other American labels such as Epic, the distribution deal with EMI expired in 1968 at which point CBS began distributing all their labels directly. In Germany, the CBS label distributed Motown from 1963 to 1965, CBS sold the record company in 1988 to Sony Corporation of America for $US2 billion. In 1991, the CBS Records company was renamed Sony Music Entertainment, the CBS Records label was renamed Columbia Records after Sony acquired the Columbia name and trade marks from EMI. Harvey Schein, 1962-1971 Walter Yetnikoff, 1971–1975 Allen A. Davis, c.1980 Bob Summer, 1986–
26.
Hot Dogma
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Hot Dogma, released on 1 October 1990, is the second full-length album by anonymous Australian band TISM. It was their label debut on Phonogram Records, which peaked in the top 100 on the ARIA Albums Chart. The title comes from a joining of the two phrases hot dog, a food, and dogma, a religious belief. An additional disc, Hot Dogma - The Interview Disc was added to initial sales copies, originally released on vinyl in 1990, the later released CD and cassette versions had more tracks than the original LP version. The version released in Collected Recordings 1986-1993 had fewer tracks than any previous, the varying track listings is due to TISM not liking the album. Flaubert stated No, no, I didn’t like Hot Dogma, I wince when I hear it, continuing that it did have some good lyrics on it. I just hated the quintessentially 1980s music on it, i’ve always thought that TISM has always been unfashionably – to our own detriment at times – sort of not sounding like anyone else. And sometimes that sort of sheer dagginess. that album, the TISM Boat Hire Offer was played live in Queensland in 1989 and appears on a bootleg of the performance. Most of the songs appear on two tapes, Free Nelson Mandela - With Every Record and Three Blake and a Dollars Worth of Chips - A Song of Innocence and Experience. The song itself was written in 1988, most prominent amongst the examinations of mortality and the cyclical nature of existence is Life Kills. The artwork closely resembled posters of the time of Maos reign, the Chinese on the cover translates into The unification of the proletariat under the banner of TISM. The back cover of the album has the track lists in Chinese, the titles are listed in English in the liner notes, however. J. Whitten, argued by some to be the greatest AFL player of all time, Hot Dogma - The Interview Disc is a related 7 record by TISM, it was given away to customers who bought initial copies of Hot Dogma. This record contains an interview with TISM and blank spaces for a DJ to insert the questions, both sides contain the same interview. Your new album is on PolyGram, will you change now that youre signed to a major label, how did you guys come to be in a band. Why dont you show your face. Your live shows have a reputation for being pretty wild affairs, do you deliberately set out to work up your audience. What kind of come to your shows
27.
Extended play
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An extended play is a musical recording that contains more tracks than a single, but is usually unqualified as an album or LP. EPs generally do not contain as many tracks as albums, and are considered less expensive, an EP originally referred to specific types of vinyl records other than 78 rpm standard play and LP, but it is now applied to mid-length CDs and downloads as well. Ricardo Baca of The Denver Post said, EPs—originally extended-play single releases that are shorter than traditional albums—have long been popular with punk, in the United Kingdom, the Official Chart Company defines a boundary between EP and album classification at 25 minutes of length or four tracks. EPs were released in various sizes in different eras, the earliest multi-track records, issued around 1919 by Grey Gull Records, were vertically cut 78 rpm discs known as 2-in-1 records. These had finer than usual grooves, like Edison Disc Records, by 1949, when the 45 rpm single and 33 1⁄3 rpm LP were competing formats, seven-inch 45 rpm singles had a maximum playing time of only about four minutes per side. Partly as an attempt to compete with the LP introduced in 1948 by rival Columbia, RCA Victor introduced Extended Play 45s during 1952. Their narrower grooves, achieved by lowering the levels and sound compression optionally. These were usually 10-inch LPs split onto two seven-inch EPs or 12-inch LPs split onto three seven-inch EPs, either separately or together in gatefold covers. This practice became less common with the advent of triple-speed-available phonographs. Some classical music albums released at the beginning of the LP era were distributed as EP albums—notably the seven operas that Arturo Toscanini conducted on radio between 1944 and 1954. These opera EPs, originally broadcast on the NBC Radio network and manufactured by RCA, in the 1990s, they began appearing on compact discs. During the 1950s, RCA published several EP albums of Walt Disney movies and these usually featured the original casts of actors and actresses. Each album contained two seven-inch records, plus an illustrated booklet containing the text of the recording, so that children could follow along by reading. Some of the titles included Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, Pinocchio, and what was then a recent release, because of the popularity of 7 and other formats, SP records became less popular and the production of SPs in Japan was suspended in 1963. In the 1950s and 1960s, EPs were usually compilations of singles or album samplers and were played at 45 rpm on seven-inch discs. Record Retailer printed the first EP chart in 1960, the New Musical Express, Melody Maker, Disc and Music Echo and the Record Mirror continued to list EPs on their respective singles charts. The Beatles Twist and Shout outsold most singles for some weeks in 1963, when the BBC and Record Retailer commissioned the British Market Research Bureau to compile a chart it was restricted to singles and EPs disappeared from the listings. In the Philippines, seven-inch EPs marketed as mini-LPs were introduced in 1970, with tracks selected from an album and this mini-LP format also became popular in America in the early 1970s for promotional releases, and also for use in jukeboxes
28.
The Beasts of Suburban
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The Beasts of Suburban is a 1992 EP by anonymous Australian band TISM. The title is pun on the name of another Australian band, tISMs producer for this album, Tony Cohen, previously worked with that group. At the ARIA Music Awards of 1993, he was nominated for Producer of the Year for the track and this is the first TISM release to feature Tokin Blackman on guitar, having replaced Leek Van Vlalen. The track, Morningtown Ride, was listed as one of the 10 Greatest Songs About Melbourne by ToneDeafs Corey Tonkin, on the cassette version of the EP, the same program is repeated on both sides of the tape. The silence on Morningtown Ride was reduced to one minute in the Collected Recordings version. Bishop = Handjob actually dates back to the Hot Dogma era, where it was written in 1988, alongside other songs from that album, as You Think Im a Shining Wit. Feminist groups in Australia criticised TISM as sexist for their use of Sophie Lee in Get Thee to a Nunnery, Lee described it as a boring song by a boring bunch of bourgeois boys
29.
Australia the Lucky Cunt
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Australia the Lucky Cunt is a five-track extended play released on 3 September 1993 by anonymous Australian alternative rock band, TISM. The title is a play on the expression The Lucky Country, Due to controversy over the EPs cover it was re-issued in November as Censored Due to Legal Advice with new artwork. Lose Your Delusion 1 Jesus Pots the White Ball Mr. Track 4s chorus is sung to the tune of Ring My Bell by Anita Ward. Although the EP itself was never officially re-released in its form, shortly after the controversy. Following this, the tracks were added to the reissue of Beasts of Suburban, then again in Collected Recordings 1986-1993
30.
Ken Done
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Kenneth Stephen Ken Done AM is an Australian artist best known for his design work. Art critic John McDonald said, Anybody who has anything to do with him realises he is a serious artist. Ken Done, a child, grew up in the northern suburbs of Sydney, New South Wales. At the end of this decade he travelled abroad and began working with the New York and he returned to Sydney in 1969 to follow his artistic desires. He became a painter in 1975. Dones first solo exhibition was in Sydney in 1980, to date he has staged over 50 exhibitions dedicated solely to his work. Dones work has exhibited in Australia, Japan, and France. His first European exhibition was held in Paris in 1996, in the year 2000 his works were exhibited in Los Angeles and in London. In 1994 the Powerhouse Museum staged a retrospective of Dones work. Ken Done created a company called Done Art and Design with his wife Judy Done. The company started out by producing small runs of T-shirts featuring Dones art, in 1993 the company won the Fashion Industries of Australias, Grand Award. An original Ken Done work featured on the cover of the Japanese womens magazine Hanako every week between 1989 and 1999 and he became a UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador in 1988, and won the Australian father of the year award in 1989. During October 1995, Done was asked to create a series of designs by the then Australian Prime Minister Paul Keating. Republicanism in Australia was news at the time and Done submitted sixteen designs to Ausflag and he was commissioned to produce a series of works for both the opening and closing ceremonies of the 2000 Sydney Olympic games. In 2006 he designed and created the United Buddy Bear for Australia, the Ken Done Gallery is located in The Rocks, Sydney. Australia, Order of Australia for services to Art, Design, awards 1976 Caxton Award 1977 F. A. C. T. S. A lot of the things that I do, its not all art, some of its design, some of its illustration, some of its graphics, some of its concept, some of its business and some of it, hopefully, is art. Art shouldnt be something that you go quietly into an art gallery and dip your forelock and say I have to be very quiet and its how you use your eyes
31.
Koala
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The koala is an arboreal herbivorous marsupial native to Australia. It is the only extant representative of the family Phascolarctidae and its closest living relatives are the wombats, the koala is found in coastal areas of the mainlands eastern and southern regions, inhabiting Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, and South Australia. It is easily recognisable by its stout, tailless body and large head with round, fluffy ears and large, the koala has a body length of 60–85 cm and weighs 4–15 kg. Pelage colour ranges from grey to chocolate brown. Koalas from the populations are typically smaller and lighter in colour than their counterparts further south. These populations possibly are separate subspecies, but this is disputed, Koalas typically inhabit open eucalypt woodlands, and the leaves of these trees make up most of their diet. Because this eucalypt diet has limited nutritional and caloric content, koalas are largely sedentary and they are asocial animals, and bonding exists only between mothers and dependent offspring. Adult males communicate with loud bellows that intimidate rivals and attract mates, males mark their presence with secretions from scent glands located on their chests. Being marsupials, koalas give birth to underdeveloped young that crawl into their mothers pouches and these young koalas, known as joeys, are fully weaned around a year old. Koalas have few predators and parasites, but are threatened by various pathogens, such as Chlamydiaceae bacteria. Koalas were hunted by indigenous Australians and depicted in myths and cave art for millennia, the first recorded encounter between a European and a koala was in 1798, and an image of the animal was published in 1810 by naturalist George Perry. Botanist Robert Brown wrote the first detailed description of the koala in 1814. Popular artist John Gould illustrated and described the koala, introducing the species to the general British public, further details about the animals biology were revealed in the 19th century by several English scientists. Because of its appearance, the koala is recognised worldwide as a symbol of Australia. Koalas are listed as of Vulnerable by the International Union for Conservation of Nature, the Australian government similarly lists specific populations in Queensland and New South Wales as Vulnerable. The animal was hunted heavily in the early 20th century for its fur, sanctuaries were established, and translocation efforts moved to new regions koalas whose habitat had become fragmented or reduced. The biggest threat to their existence is habitat destruction caused by agriculture, the word koala comes from the Dharug gula. Although the vowel u was originally written in the English orthography as oo, it was changed to oa, because of the koalas supposed resemblance to a bear, it was often miscalled the koala bear, particularly by early settlers
32.
Radiohead
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Radiohead are an English rock band from Abingdon, Oxfordshire, formed in 1985. The band consists of Thom Yorke, Jonny Greenwood, Ed OBrien, Colin Greenwood and they have worked with producer Nigel Godrich and cover artist Stanley Donwood since 1994. After signing to EMI in 1991, Radiohead released their debut single Creep in 1992 and it became a worldwide hit after the release of their debut album, Pablo Honey. Their popularity and critical standing rose in the United Kingdom with the release of their second album, despite initially dividing listeners, Kid A was later named the best album of the decade by Rolling Stone, Pitchfork and the Times. Radioheads sixth album, Hail to the Thief, mixed rock and electronic music with lyrics inspired by the War on Terror and their subsequent releases have pioneered alternative release platforms such as pay-what-you-want and BitTorrent. Radiohead self-released their seventh album, In Rainbows, as a download for which customers could set their own price, to critical and their eighth album, The King of Limbs, an exploration of rhythm, was developed using extensive looping and sampling. Their ninth album, A Moon Shaped Pool, prominently featured Jonny Greenwoods orchestral arrangements, Radiohead have sold more than 30 million albums worldwide. Their work places highly in both polls and critics lists of the best music of the 1990s and 2000s. In 2009, Rolling Stone readers voted the group the second-best artist of the 2000s, the members of Radiohead met while attending Abingdon School, an independent school for boys in Abingdon, Oxfordshire. In 1985, they formed On a Friday, the name referring to the usual rehearsal day in the schools music room. At one point, On a Friday featured a saxophone section, the band disliked the schools strict atmosphere—the headmaster once charged the band for using a rehearsal room on a Sunday—and found solace in the schools music department. They credited their music teacher for introducing them to jazz, film scores, postwar avant-garde music, Oxfordshire and the Thames Valley had an active independent music scene in the late 1980s, but it centred on shoegazing bands such as Ride and Slowdive. Although all but Jonny had left Abingdon by 1987 to attend university, On a Friday continued to rehearse on weekends, in 1991, On a Friday regrouped, sharing a house on the corner of Magdalen Road and Ridgefield Road, Oxford. As On a Friday continued to perform in Oxford, including performances at the Jericho Tavern, record labels. Chris Hufford, Slowdives producer and co-owner of Oxfords Courtyard Studios, impressed, he and his partner Bryce Edge produced a demo tape and became On a Fridays managers, they remain Radioheads managers today. At the labels request, the changed their name, Radiohead was taken from the song Radio Head on the Talking Heads album True Stories. Radiohead recorded their debut release, the Drill EP, with Chris Hufford, released in May 1992, its chart performance was poor. The band enlisted Paul Kolderie and Sean Slade, who had worked with US indie bands Pixies and Dinosaur Jr. to produce their debut album, Radiohead released their debut album, Pablo Honey, in February 1993
33.
Queen Street massacre
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The Queen Street massacre was a spree-killing that occurred on 8 December 1987 at the Australia Post offices at 191 Queen Street in Melbourne, Victoria. The attack resulted in nine fatalities, including the perpetrator, Frank Vitkovic was born 7 September 1965 at 4,20 pm to a Croatian father and an Italian mother. He grew up in the Melbourne suburb of West Preston and he attended Redden Catholic College in Preston. He started a law degree at Melbourne University in 1984 but had voluntarily discontinued that course in early 1987. On 8 December 1987 at around 4,20 pm, Frank Vitkovic entered the building at 191 Queen Street, Melbourne, Vitkovic proceeded to the fifth floor office of the Telecom Employees Credit Co-operative where a former friend, Con Margelis, worked. Margelis was called to the counter and briefly spoke with Vitkovic, Margelis ducked behind a counter, Vitkovic began firing, killing a young female office worker, Judith Morris. A robbery alarm was activated by a member at 4,22 pm. Margelis escaped the office unharmed, and hid in the womens toilets, Vitkovic took an elevator to the 12th floor, to the Australia Post philately security section. There, Vitkovic shot and injured a man and a woman, then pointed his gun at a sitting at her desk, only to pan his aim to the left and shoot Julie McBean. A man in the office on that level, Warren Spencer, was also killed. Vitkovic then ran down the stairs to level 11, firing indiscriminately and he stormed into the computer training centre, shooting Michael McGuire at point-blank range, killing him. He then moved to the north-east corner of the office floor, marianne Van Ewyk, Catherine Dowling and Rodney Brown were fatally shot in that area, some while hiding under their desks. Three other workers were wounded there, several victims were shot in the head at very close range as they attempted to hide. A male office worker, Donald McElroy, and Tony Gioia tackled Vitkovic, while Frank Carmody, Gioia and Carmody were later awarded Australias second-highest bravery decoration, the Star of Courage. A wounded female worker, Rosemary Spiteri, took the rifle, Vitkovic climbed through an open window, apparently trying to clamber onto an external ledge of the building. Gioia held him by the ankles, trying to prevent his escape, Vitkovic kicked free and fell to his death on the pavement below. No one died in the elevators, and Vitkovic did not fire at police or into the street. One bullet pierced a window on the 11th floor and it was believed that around 1,000 people were in the building at the time of the shootings
