Tacuinum Sanitatis
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The Taccuinum Sanitatis is a medieval handbook mainly on health aimed at a cultured lay audience. Originally an 11th-century Arab medical treatise composed by Ibn Butlan of Baghdad under the name of T
Ibn Butlan's Tacuinum sanitatis, Rhineland, 2nd half of 15th c.
Tacuinum Sanitatis, Lombardy, late 14th century (Biblioteca Casanatense, Rome).
Harvesting garlic, from Tacuinum Sanitatis, c. 1400 (Bibliothèque nationale, Paris)
Humorism
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Humorism, the humoral theory, or humoralism, was a system of medicine detailing a supposed makeup and workings of the human body, adopted by Ancient Greek and Roman physicians and philosophers.
Tacuinum Sanitatis
…alternations of sleep and wakefulness, secretions and excretions of humours, and finally the effects of states of mind…
16th-century German illustration of the four humors: Flegmat (phlegm), Sanguin (blood), Coleric (yellow bile) and Melanc (black bile), divided between the male and female sexes
The four humors as depicted in an 18th-century woodcut: phlegmatic, choleric, sanguine and melancholic