Tafsir refers to exegesis, usually of the Quran. An author of a tafsir is a mufassir. A Quranic tafsir attempts to provide elucidation, explanation, interpretation, context or commentary for clear understanding and conviction of God's will in Islam.
The Islamic Golden Age was a period of scientific, economic and cultural flourishing in the history of Islam, traditionally dated from the 8th century to the 13th century.
Improvements to the astrolabe were one of the achievements of this era
The Christian physician Hunayn ibn Ishaq lead the translation of works
A manuscript written on paper during the Abbasid Era.
Organized instruction in the Cairo Al-Azhar Mosque began in 978