1.
Osaka
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Osaka is a designated city in the Kansai region of Japan. Historically a merchant city, Osaka has also known as the nations kitchen. Some of the earliest signs of habitation in the Osaka area at the Morinomiya ruins comprise shell mounds, sea oysters. It is believed that what is today the Uehonmachi area consisted of a land with an inland sea in the east. During the Yayoi period, permanent habitation on the plains grew as rice farming became popular, by the Kofun period, Osaka developed into a hub port connecting the region to the western part of Japan. The large numbers of increasingly larger tomb mounds found in the plains of Osaka are seen as evidence of political-power concentration, in 645, Emperor Kōtoku built his Naniwa Nagara-Toyosaki Palace in what is now Osaka, making it the capital of Japan. The city now known as Osaka was at this time referred to as Naniwa, although the capital was moved to Asuka in 655, Naniwa remained a vital connection, by land and sea, between Yamato, Korea, and China. Naniwa was declared the capital again in 744 by order of Emperor Shōmu, and remained so until 745, in 1496, Jōdo Shinshū Buddhists established their headquarters in the heavily fortified Ishiyama Hongan-ji, located directly on the site of the old Naniwa Imperial Palace. Oda Nobunaga began a siege campaign on the temple in 1570 which ultimately resulted in the surrender of the monks. Toyotomi Hideyoshi constructed Osaka Castle in its place in 1583, Osaka was long considered Japans primary economic center, with a large percentage of the population belonging to the merchant class. Over the course of the Edo period, Osaka grew into one of Japans major cities and returned to its ancient role as a lively and its popular culture was closely related to ukiyo-e depictions of life in Edo. By 1780 Osaka had cultivated a vibrant arts culture, as typified by its famous Kabuki, in 1837 Ōshio Heihachirō, a low-ranking samurai, led a peasant insurrection in response to the citys unwillingness to support the many poor and suffering families in the area. Approximately one-quarter of the city was razed before shogunal officials put down the rebellion, Osaka was opened to foreign trade by the government of the Bakufu at the same time as Hyōgo on 1 January 1868, just before the advent of the Boshin War and the Meiji Restoration. Osaka residents were stereotyped in Edo literature from at least the 18th century, jippenisha Ikku in 1802 depicted Osakans as stingy almost beyond belief. Edo writers aspired to samurai culture, and saw themselves as poor but generous, chaste, Edo writers by contrast saw zeeroku as obsequious apprentices, stingy, greedy, gluttonous, and lewd. The modern municipality was established in 1889 by government ordinance, with an area of 15 square kilometres, overlapping todays Chūō. Later, the city went through three major expansions to reach its current size of 223 square kilometres, Osaka was the industrial center most clearly defined in the development of capitalism in Japan. It became known as the Manchester of the Orient, the rapid industrialization attracted many Korean immigrants, who set up a life apart for themselves
2.
Japan
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Japan is a sovereign island nation in Eastern Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies off the eastern coast of the Asia Mainland and stretches from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea, the kanji that make up Japans name mean sun origin. 日 can be read as ni and means sun while 本 can be read as hon, or pon, Japan is often referred to by the famous epithet Land of the Rising Sun in reference to its Japanese name. Japan is an archipelago consisting of about 6,852 islands. The four largest are Honshu, Hokkaido, Kyushu and Shikoku, the country is divided into 47 prefectures in eight regions. Hokkaido being the northernmost prefecture and Okinawa being the southernmost one, the population of 127 million is the worlds tenth largest. Japanese people make up 98. 5% of Japans total population, approximately 9.1 million people live in the city of Tokyo, the capital of Japan. Archaeological research indicates that Japan was inhabited as early as the Upper Paleolithic period, the first written mention of Japan is in Chinese history texts from the 1st century AD. Influence from other regions, mainly China, followed by periods of isolation, from the 12th century until 1868, Japan was ruled by successive feudal military shoguns who ruled in the name of the Emperor. Japan entered into a period of isolation in the early 17th century. The Second Sino-Japanese War of 1937 expanded into part of World War II in 1941, which came to an end in 1945 following the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Japan is a member of the UN, the OECD, the G7, the G8, the country has the worlds third-largest economy by nominal GDP and the worlds fourth-largest economy by purchasing power parity. It is also the worlds fourth-largest exporter and fourth-largest importer, although Japan has officially renounced its right to declare war, it maintains a modern military with the worlds eighth-largest military budget, used for self-defense and peacekeeping roles. Japan is a country with a very high standard of living. Its population enjoys the highest life expectancy and the third lowest infant mortality rate in the world, in ancient China, Japan was called Wo 倭. It was mentioned in the third century Chinese historical text Records of the Three Kingdoms in the section for the Wei kingdom, Wa became disliked because it has the connotation of the character 矮, meaning dwarf. The 倭 kanji has been replaced with the homophone Wa, meaning harmony, the Japanese word for Japan is 日本, which is pronounced Nippon or Nihon and literally means the origin of the sun. The earliest record of the name Nihon appears in the Chinese historical records of the Tang dynasty, at the start of the seventh century, a delegation from Japan introduced their country as Nihon
3.
Nintendo
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Nintendo Co. Ltd. is a Japanese multinational consumer electronics and video game company headquartered in Kyoto, Japan. Nintendo is one of the worlds largest video game companies by market capitalization, founded on 23 September 1889 by Fusajiro Yamauchi, it originally produced handmade hanafuda playing cards. By 1963, the company had tried several small businesses, such as cab services. The word Nintendo can be translated from Japanese to English as leave luck to heaven. From 1992 until 2016, Nintendo was also the majority shareholder of Major League Baseballs Seattle Mariners, as of 31 March 2014, Nintendo has cumulative sales of over 670.43 million hardware units and 4.23 billion software units. The company has created and released some of the best-known and top-selling video game franchises, such as Mario, The Legend of Zelda, Nintendo was founded as a card company in late 1889 by Fusajiro Yamauchi. Based in Kyoto, Japan, the produced and marketed a playing card game called Hanafuda. The handmade cards soon became popular, and Yamauchi hired assistants to mass-produce cards to satisfy demand, in 1949, the company adopted the name Nintendo Karuta Co. Ltd. doing business as The Nintendo Playing Card Co. outside Japan. Nintendo continues to manufacture playing cards in Japan and organizes its own contract bridge tournament called the Nintendo Cup. In 1956, Hiroshi Yamauchi, grandson of Fusajiro Yamauchi, visited the U. S. to talk with the United States Playing Card Company and he found that the biggest playing card company in the world was using only a small office. Yamauchis realization that the card business had limited potential was a turning point. He then acquired the license to use Disney characters on playing cards to drive sales, in 1963, Yamauchi renamed Nintendo Playing Card Co. Ltd. to Nintendo Co. Ltd. The company then began to experiment in other areas of business using newly injected capital during the period of time between 1963 and 1968, Nintendo set up a taxi company called Daiya. However, Nintendo was forced to sell it because problems with the unions were making it too expensive to run the service. It also set up a hotel chain, a TV network. All of these ventures failed, and after the 1964 Tokyo Olympics, playing card sales dropped. In 1966, Nintendo moved into the Japanese toy industry with the Ultra Hand, Yokoi was moved from maintenance to the new Nintendo Games department as a product developer. Nintendo continued to produce toys, including the Ultra Machine, Love Tester
4.
The Legend of Zelda
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The Legend of Zelda is a high-fantasy action-adventure video game series created by Japanese game designers Shigeru Miyamoto and Takashi Tezuka. It is primarily developed and published by Nintendo, although some portable installments have been outsourced to Capcom, Vanpool, the series gameplay incorporates elements of action, adventure and puzzle-solving games. The series centers on Link, the character and chief protagonist. The games plots commonly involve a relic known as the Triforce, the protagonist in each game is usually not the same incarnation of Link, but a few exceptions exist. Since the original The Legend of Zelda was released in 1986, an American animated TV series based on the games aired in 1989 and individual manga adaptations commissioned by Nintendo have been produced in Japan since 1997. The Legend of Zelda is one of Nintendos most prominent and successful franchises, the Legend of Zelda games feature a mixture of puzzles, action, adventure/battle gameplay, and exploration. These elements have remained constant throughout the series, but with refinements, later games in the series also include stealth gameplay, where the player must avoid enemies while proceeding through a level, as well as racing elements. Some items are consistent and appear many times throughout the series, though the games contain many role-playing elements, they emphasize straightforward hack and slash-style combat over the strategic, turn-based or active time combat of games like Final Fantasy. In later games, the series includes a big key that would unlock the door to battle the dungeons boss enemy. In most Zelda games, the life meter is represented as a line of hearts. Both will completely replenish Links health, the games pioneered a number of features that were to become industry standards. The original Legend of Zelda was the first console game with a function that enabled players to stop playing. The Legend of Zelda, Ocarina of Time introduced a system that simplified 3D combat. Games in The Legend of Zelda series frequently feature in-game musical instruments, particularly in musical puzzles, often, instruments trigger game events, for example, the recorder in The Legend of Zelda can reveal secret areas, as well as warp Link to the Dungeon entrances. This warping with music feature has also used in A Link to the Past. In Ocarina of Time, playing instruments is a part of the game. The Legend of Zelda Theme is a piece of music that was created for the first game of the franchise. As a result, Kondo wrote a new arrangement of the theme within one day
5.
J. R. R. Tolkien
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He was at one time a close friend of C. S. Lewis—they were both members of the informal literary discussion group known as the Inklings. Tolkien was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire by Queen Elizabeth II on 28 March 1972, after Tolkiens death, his son Christopher published a series of works based on his fathers extensive notes and unpublished manuscripts, including The Silmarillion. Between 1951 and 1955, Tolkien applied the term legendarium to the part of these writings. While many other authors had published works of fantasy before Tolkien and this has caused Tolkien to be popularly identified as the father of modern fantasy literature—or, more precisely, of high fantasy. In 2008, The Times ranked him sixth on a list of The 50 greatest British writers since 1945, forbes ranked him the 5th top-earning dead celebrity in 2009. Tolkiens paternal ancestors were middle-class craftsmen who made and sold clocks, watches and pianos in London, the Tolkien family had emigrated from Germany in the 18th century but had become quickly intensely English. According to the tradition, the Tolkiens had arrived in England in 1756. Several families with the surname Tolkien or similar spelling live in northwestern Germany, mainly in Lower Saxony, however, this origin of the name has not been proven. A German writer has suggested that the name is likely to derive from the village of Tolkynen near Rastenburg. Although that village is far from Lower Saxony, its name is derived from the now-extinct Old Prussian language. John Ronald Reuel Tolkien was born on 3 January 1892 in Bloemfontein in the Orange Free State to Arthur Reuel Tolkien, an English bank manager, the couple had left England when Arthur was promoted to head the Bloemfontein office of the British bank for which he worked. Tolkien had one sibling, his brother, Hilary Arthur Reuel. In another incident, a family servant, who thought Tolkien a beautiful child, took the baby to his kraal to show him off. When he was three, he went to England with his mother and brother on what was intended to be a family visit. His father, however, died in South Africa of rheumatic fever before he could join them and this left the family without an income, so Tolkiens mother took him to live with her parents in Kings Heath, Birmingham. Soon after, in 1896, they moved to Sarehole, then a Worcestershire village, Mabel Tolkien taught her two children at home. Ronald, as he was known in the family, was a keen pupil and she taught him a great deal of botany and awakened in him the enjoyment of the look and feel of plants. Young Tolkien liked to draw landscapes and trees, but his lessons were those concerning languages
6.
Super Mario Bros.: The Lost Levels
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The Lost Levels is a 1986 side-scrolling, action platformer video game developed and published by Nintendo. An installment in the Super Mario series, it is the first sequel to the 1985 video game Super Mario Bros, the games are similar in style and gameplay apart from a large increase in difficulty. Like the original, Mario or Luigi venture to rescue the Princess from Bowser, unlike the original, the game has no two-player option and Luigi is differentiated from his twin plumber brother by having less ground friction and higher jump height. The Lost Levels also introduces setbacks like poison mushroom power-ups, counterproductive level warps, the game has 32 levels across eight worlds, and five bonus worlds. The Lost Levels was first released in Japan for the Famicom Disk System as Super Mario Bros.2 on June 3,1986, following the success of its predecessor. It was developed by Nintendo R&D4—the team led by Mario creator Shigeru Miyamoto—and designed for players who had mastered the original, it additionally uses the same engine as Super Mario Bros. Nintendo of America considered the game too difficult to sell in North America, the game was not released in North America until its inclusion on the 1993 Super Nintendo Entertainment System compilation Super Mario All-Stars. It was later ported to the Game Boy Color, Game Boy Advance, the game is known for its intense difficulty, which contributes to its reputation as a black sheep in the franchise. Reviewers viewed The Lost Levels as an extension of the original release, journalists appreciated the games challenge as spectators of speedruns, and recognized the game as a precursor to the franchise subculture that creates and shares nearly impossible levels. This sequel gave Luigi his first character traits and introduced the poison mushroom item, the Lost Levels was the most popular game on the Disk System, for which it sold about 2.5 million copies. In 2014, IGN ranked the game #117 on its list of top 125 Nintendo games, the Lost Levels is a side-scrolling, platformer action game similar in style and gameplay to the original 1985 Super Mario Bros. save for an increase in difficulty. As in the original, Mario venture to rescue the Princess from Bowser, the player jumps between platforms, avoids enemy and inanimate obstacles, finds hidden secrets, and collects power-ups like the mushroom, the Fire Flower, and the Invincibility Star. Unlike the original, there is no two-player mode and the player chooses between the twin plumbers, who are differentiated for the first time, at the title screen, Luigi, designed for skilled players, has less ground friction and higher jump height. The games difficulty picks up from near the end of the original, the Lost Levels introduces irritants including poison mushrooms, level warps that set the player farther back in the game, and wind gusts that redirect the players course mid-air. The poison mushroom, in particular, works as an anti-mushroom, some of the games levels require split-second precision and others require the player to jump on invisible blocks. There were also some changes, though the soundtrack is identical. After each boss fight, Toad tells Mario that our princess is in another castle, the main game has 32 levels across eight worlds and five bonus worlds. A hidden World 9 is accessible if the player does not use a warp zone, bonus worlds A through D are accessible when the player plays through the game eight times, for a total of 52 levels
7.
The Legend of Zelda: The Wind Waker
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The Legend of Zelda, The Wind Waker is an action-adventure game developed and published by Nintendo for the GameCube home video game console. The tenth installment in the The Legend of Zelda series, it was released in Japan in December 2002, in North America in March 2003, the game is set on a group of islands in a vast sea. Wind, which facilitates sailing, plays a prominent role, the Wind Waker was directed by Eiji Aonuma and produced by Shigeru Miyamoto and Takashi Tezuka. It retains the basic 3D gameplay of its predecessors, Ocarina of Time and Majoras Mask, the Wind Waker originated the Toon Link variant of the main character, and received two direct sequels for the Nintendo DS, Phantom Hourglass and Spirit Tracks. A high-definition remaster, The Legend of Zelda, The Wind Waker HD, was released for the Wii U in 2013, like Ocarina of Time and Majoras Mask, The Wind Waker is an open world action-adventure game with role-playing elements. The control scheme is comparable to its predecessors, the moves the protagonist Link in three dimensions from a third-person perspective. Link fights with a sword and shield, and can use a variety of other items and he interacts with non-player characters and objects via the action button. Like the previous games, The Wind Waker features a system allowing Link to lock on. A new feature is the ability to move the system around Link. The game world comprises 49 gridded sections of the Great Sea, some must be explored to continue the story, while others are optional. Like all Zelda games, The Wind Waker features several dungeons—large, enclosed areas where Link fights enemies, finds items, each dungeon quest concludes with a battle against a boss, a singularly powerful enemy. In addition to the story, the game includes many sidequests. For example, Link can use the Picto Box – an in-game camera – to take pictures to fulfill quests, throughout the game, Link acquires items and weapons providing new abilities. Items are often needed to reach areas, defeat bosses and other enemies. For example, the hook is necessary to pass obstacles and defeat the boss in the Dragon Roost Cavern dungeon. The Tingle Tuner is an item allowing a second player to control the character Tingle if the system is connected to a Game Boy Advance by a link cable. A significant portion of the game is spent sailing between islands on Links boat, the King of Red Lions. The boats sail is driven by wind that blows across the world in one of eight directions
8.
The Legend of Zelda: Four Swords Adventures
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The Legend of Zelda, Four Swords Adventures is the eleventh installment in Nintendos The Legend of Zelda series. It was released for the Nintendo GameCube home video game console in Japan on March 18,2004, in North America on June 7,2004, in Europe on January 7,2005, and in Australia on April 7,2005. The Game Boy Advance handheld game console can be used as a controller when using the Nintendo GameCube – Game Boy Advance link cable bundled with the game in North America, the game is fully compatible with the Nintendo Wii including the use of the Game Boy Advance Link Cables. The game takes Link on an adventure to restore peace to Hyrule after learning that an evil counterpart of himself, Four Swords Adventures was considered the 48th-best game ever made for a Nintendo system by Nintendo Power, and received an aggregated 86 out of 100 from Metacritic. It was the third best-selling game of June 2004 in North America, with 155,000 units, the main mode of Four Swords Adventures is Hyrulean Adventure, an episodic, cooperative multiplayer adaptation of conventional The Legend of Zelda gameplay. Shadow Battle is a multiplayer battle mode. Navi Trackers, present only in the Japanese version of the game, is a multiplayer stamp rally race, Hyrulean Adventure is the main campaign of Four Swords Adventures, and can be played by one to four players. It consists of eight worlds, each with three stages and a boss battle, the graphics also include enhanced atmospheric effects such as cloud shadows that slowly move across the ground, heat shimmer, dust storms, and fog. Music is based on that of A Link to the Past, in Hyrulean Adventure, most of the same mechanics as the previously released Four Swords for the Game Boy Advance are used. There are always four Link characters in play, regardless of the number of people playing, normally, the extra Links follow the player, but players can separate an individual Link and control independently, or put the four Links into formations. These techniques are required to solve puzzles and defeat enemies, however, once the requisite gems are collected, players are automatically transported to the dark barrier and therefore do not have to repeat the entire stage. Players can play minigames in multiplayer mode at Tingles Tower, which appears in every world and these eight games are earned by playing though certain stages in multiplayer mode. The minigames include horse racing, hammer tag, monster hunting, in Shadow Battle, two or more players battle each other until only one is left standing. As in Hyrulean Adventure, each uses a different-colored Link character. Initially, there are five stages which players can choose as the battles arena, five bonus maps are unlocked upon completion of Hyrulean Adventure. In each stage, items appear, and are usually similar to the items in Hyrulean Adventure. There are many objects in each stage, which can be used to the players advantage. There is also a limit, when it reaches zero
9.
Super Mario 64
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Super Mario 64 is a 1996 platform video game developed and published by Nintendo for the Nintendo 64. It is the first Super Mario game to utilize three-dimensional graphics, along with Pilotwings 64, it was one of the launch titles for the console. It was released in Japan on June 23,1996, and later in North America, Europe and it is the best-selling game on the Nintendo 64, with more than eleven million copies sold. An enhanced remake called Super Mario 64 DS was released for the Nintendo DS in 2004, in the game, Mario explores Princess Peachs castle and must rescue her from Bowser. The game established a new archetype for the 3D genre, much as Super Mario Bros. did for 2D sidescrolling platformers, while doing so, it still preserves many gameplay elements and characters of earlier Mario games, and the same visual style. The game has left an impression on 3D game design, particularly notable for its use of a dynamic camera system. The title is acclaimed by critics and fans as one of the greatest and most revolutionary video games of all time. Super Mario 64 is a 3D platformer where the player controls Mario through several courses, each course is an enclosed world in which the player is free to wander in all directions and discover the environment without time limits. The worlds are filled with enemies that attack Mario, as well as creatures that provide assistance, offer information. The player gathers stars in each course, some only appear after completing certain tasks. These challenges include defeating a boss, solving puzzles, racing an opponent, as more stars are collected, more areas of the castle hub world become accessible. The player unlocks doors in the castle with keys obtained by defeating Bowser in special courses, there are many hidden mini-courses and other secrets to the game, most containing extra stars required for the full completion of the game. There are three special cap power-ups appear in areas on many stages. Some courses contain cannons that Mario can access by speaking to a pink Bob-omb Buddy, after entering a cannon, Mario can be shot out to reach distant places. When the player has the Wing Cap equipped, cannons can be used to high altitudes or fly across most levels quickly. Marios abilities in Super Mario 64 are far more diverse than those of previous Mario games, the player can make Mario walk, run, jump, crouch, crawl, swim, climb, kick, or punch using the game controllers analog stick and buttons. Special jumps can be executed by combining a regular jump with other actions, including the double and triple jumps, long jump, there are also special maneuvers, such as wall jumping—jumping from one wall to another in rapid succession to reach areas that would otherwise be too high. The player can pick up and carry items, an ability which is used to solve various puzzles
10.
The Legend of Zelda: Majora's Mask
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The Legend of Zelda, Majoras Mask is an action-adventure video game developed and published by Nintendo for the Nintendo 64. It was released in Japan in April 2000, in North America in October 2000, the game is the sixth main installment in The Legend of Zelda series and the second using 3D graphics, the first being the games predecessor, The Legend of Zelda, Ocarina of Time. Under its influence, the Skull Kid causes the moon to slowly fall towards Termina. The protagonist Link repeatedly travels back in time to the beginning of the three days to find a way to stop the moon from destroying the world. The gameplay is centered on the perpetually repeating three-day cycle and the use of various masks, some of which allow Link to transform into different beings. Link learns to play melodies on his ocarina, which have a variety of effects, like controlling the flow of time or opening passages to four temples. Unlike Ocarina of Time, Majoras Mask requires the Expansion Pak, Majoras Mask was acclaimed by critics, who praised the graphics and complex story. It is now considered to be one of the greatest video games ever made, approximately 314,000 copies of the game were sold during its first week in Japan, and three million copies were sold worldwide. The game was rereleased for the GameCube as part of The Legend of Zelda, Collectors Edition in 2003, for the Wiis Virtual Console service in 2009, and for the Wii Us Virtual Console service in 2016. An enhanced remake for the Nintendo 3DS, titled The Legend of Zelda, the gameplay of Majoras Mask expands on that of Ocarina of Time, it retains the concept of dungeon puzzles and ocarina songs, and introduces character transformations and a three-day cycle. As in previous installments, Link can perform actions such as walking, running and limited jumping. Links main weapon is the sword, which can be upgraded throughout the game and he can also latch onto objects or paralyze enemies with the Hookshot. Magic power allows attacks such as arrows or spin attacks. While the masks in Ocarina of Time are limited to an optional side-quest, they play a role in Majoras Mask. Link can transform at will into different creatures, the Deku Mask transforms Link into a Deku Scrub, the Goron Mask into a Goron, many areas can be accessed only by use of these abilities. Link and his three transformations receive different reactions from non-player characters, for instance, the Goron and Zora are allowed to exit Clock Town at will, whereas the Deku Scrub is not permitted to leave by reason of his childlike resemblance. Animals also interact differently with the four forms of Link, for example, Links normal form receives an indifferent response from dogs, Deku Link is attacked by them, Goron Link frightens them, and Zora Link makes them chase him happily. The final mask to be gained in the game is the Fierce Deitys Mask, although the use of this mask is strictly limited to boss battles only, it is possible to wear it anywhere using a glitch
11.
Paper Mario: The Thousand-Year Door
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The Thousand-Year Door is the second Paper Mario game. The Thousand-Year Door borrows many elements from its predecessor, such as a paper-themed universe. For the majority of the game the player controls Mario, although Bowser, the plot follows Marios quest as he tries to retrieve the seven Crystal Stars and rescue Peach from the X-Nauts. The game was received by critics, attaining an average score of 88 percent from GameRankings. Critics generally praised the games engaging plot and gameplay, but criticised it for not being a big progression from its predecessor, the Thousand-Year Door won the Role Playing Game of the Year award at the 2005 Interactive Achievement Awards. The Thousand-Year Door has a visual style. The graphics consist of a mixture of 3D environments and 2D characters who look as if they are made of paper, at different points in the game, Mario is cursed with abilities that enable special moves in the overworld, all of which are based on the paper theme. Mario can fold into a boat or an airplane by standing on a special activation panel. The games environments also follow this theme, for example, illusory objects that conceal secret items or switches can be blown away by a gust of wind due to the environments paper-like qualities. In certain parts of the game, the player controls Bowser in multiple side-scrolling levels based on the original Super Mario Bros, additionally, the player controls Peach in the X-Naut Fortress at the completion of most game chapters. Battles in The Thousand-Year Door borrow elements from Super Mario RPG, a similar action command was also used in all released Mario RPG games. In The Thousand-Year Door, each of Marios party members now have their own heart points, when a partners heart points are reduced to 0, the partner becomes inactive for the rest of that battle and later battles until recovery. If Marios Heart Points are reduced to 0, however, the game ends, flower Points—which are required for special moves—are shared among Mario and his party members. Defeating enemies awards various numbers of Star Points to Mario, for every 100 Star Points, Mario can choose to upgrade his heart points, flower points, or his badge points. Conversely, the audience may throw damage-causing items at the player or leave if the player performs poorly in a battle, for every 10 levels, the stage will increase by fifty audience members for a total of 200 after level 30. Outside of battle, the game contains some strong role-playing video game traditions, for example, Marios strength is determined by multiple statistical fields and status-boosting items that can be used in and outside of combat. The effects of these range from healing Mario or his partner to damaging the opponent. Throughout the game, Mario is permanently assisted by a party member, each party member has a specialised skill, some of which are required to solve puzzles to advance progression in the game
12.
Super Mario Maker
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Super Mario Maker is a side-scrolling platform video game and game creation system developed and published by Nintendo for the Wii U game console, which released worldwide in September 2015. Players are able to create and play their own custom courses,3, Super Mario World and New Super Mario Bros. Over time, new editing tools are unlocked, allowing players to download, Super Mario Maker received critical acclaim upon its release, with reviewers praising the games user interface and course editing tools. In May 2016, Nintendo announced that over 7.2 million courses had been created worldwide, an adapted port for the Nintendo 3DS, known as Super Mario Maker for Nintendo 3DS, was released in December 2016. Super Mario Maker is a game which allows players to create their own levels from the Super Mario series. Players can base their courses on the gameplay, and visual style of Super Mario Bros,3, Super Mario World, and New Super Mario Bros. U, which all share the physics of the latter, the gameplay mechanics and enemy behavior varies between the game modes. Some elements are limited to game styles while others can be added to game styles that previously did not have them in the original game. In addition to traditional Mario elements such as Goombas, warp pipes and power ups, for example, they can stack enemies, have hazards come out of question blocks and warp pipes, use shells as protective helmets, and make cannons and Lakitu emit any chosen objects. These combinations are possible because editing tools in the work in tandem with one another. This allows players to enlarge an enemy by giving it a mushroom, grant an enemy the ability to fly by giving it wings, combine different attributes, the Sound Frog adds audiovisual effects to particular locations, including microphone-recorded sounds, though user-generated sounds are removed from uploaded courses. Editing elements are introduced gradually, over a course of nine days, the Mystery Mushroom, which can only be used in the Super Mario Bros. theme, dresses Mario in one of about 150 costumes. A Mystery Mushroom has the same effects as a Super Mushroom, each of these costumes can be unlocked by playing through the 100 Mario Challenge, clearing special Event Courses, or by scanning a corresponding Amiibo figurine. Additionally, the 8-bit Mario Amiibo figurine adds a Big Mushroom that makes Mario giant while making enemies look like Mario characters, once the user is able to play through ones own newly created course, that course is then allowed to be published to the online Course World. Its difficulty levels are Easy, Normal, Expert and Super Expert, alternatively, players can play the 10 Mario Challenge, where they play a selection of the games pre-made courses with only 10 lives. Players are initially limited in the amount of courses they can upload online, the game was first announced at E32014 with the name Mario Maker. The game was conceived as a tool by Nintendos internal development team. The team, however, quickly realized the potential as a game
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