1.
Album
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Album, is a collection of audio recordings issued as a single item on CD, record, audio tape, or another medium. Albums of recorded music were developed in the early 20th century, first as books of individual 78rpm records, vinyl LPs are still issued, though in the 21st century album sales have mostly focused on compact disc and MP3 formats. The audio cassette was a format used from the late 1970s through to the 1990s alongside vinyl, an album may be recorded in a recording studio, in a concert venue, at home, in the field, or a mix of places. Recording may take a few hours to years to complete, usually in several takes with different parts recorded separately. Recordings that are done in one take without overdubbing are termed live, the majority of studio recordings contain an abundance of editing, sound effects, voice adjustments, etc. With modern recording technology, musicians can be recorded in separate rooms or at times while listening to the other parts using headphones. Album covers and liner notes are used, and sometimes additional information is provided, such as analysis of the recording, historically, the term album was applied to a collection of various items housed in a book format. In musical usage the word was used for collections of pieces of printed music from the early nineteenth century. Later, collections of related 78rpm records were bundled in book-like albums, the LP record, or 33 1⁄3 rpm microgroove vinyl record, is a gramophone record format introduced by Columbia Records in 1948. It was adopted by the industry as a standard format for the album. Apart from relatively minor refinements and the important later addition of stereophonic sound capability, the term album had been carried forward from the early nineteenth century when it had been used for collections of short pieces of music. Later, collections of related 78rpm records were bundled in book-like albums, as part of a trend of shifting sales in the music industry, some commenters have declared that the early 21st century experienced the death of the album. Sometimes shorter albums are referred to as mini-albums or EPs, Albums such as Tubular Bells, Amarok, Hergest Ridge by Mike Oldfield, and Yess Close to the Edge, include fewer than four tracks. There are no rules against artists such as Pinhead Gunpowder referring to their own releases under thirty minutes as albums. These are known as box sets, material is stored on an album in sections termed tracks, normally 11 or 12 tracks. A music track is a song or instrumental recording. The term is associated with popular music where separate tracks are known as album tracks. When vinyl records were the medium for audio recordings a track could be identified visually from the grooves
2.
One Direction
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The group signed with Simon Cowells record label Syco Records after forming and finishing third in the seventh series of the British televised singing competition The X Factor in 2010. Their awards include six Brit Awards, four MTV Video Music Awards, eleven MTV Europe Music Awards, seven American Music Awards, according to Nick Gatfield, the chairman and chief executive of Sony Music Entertainment UK, One Direction represented a $50 million business empire by June 2012. They were proclaimed 2012s Top New Artist by Billboard, according to the Sunday Times Rich List, by April 2013, they had an estimated personal combined wealth of £25 million making them the second-wealthiest musicians in the UK under 30 years of age. In 2014, Forbes listed them the second-highest earning celebrities under 30, in June 2015, Forbes listed their earnings at $130 million for the previous twelve months, and ranked them the fourth highest earning celebrities in the world. In 2016 Forbes ranked them the second highest earning celebrities. After the release of Four, One Direction became the first band in the US Billboard 200 history to have their first four albums debut at number one and their third album, Midnight Memories, was the biggest-selling album worldwide of 2013 despite being released in late November. The bands Where We Are Tour in support of Midnight Memories and Four, was the concert tour in 2014. In 2014, Billboard named One Direction Artist of the Year, the band is temporarily on a hiatus that began in January 2016, which is expected to last around 18 months. In 2010, Niall Horan, Zayn Malik, Liam Payne, Harry Styles, nicole Scherzinger, a guest judge, and Simon Cowell have both claimed to have come up with the idea of forming the band. In 2013, Cowell said that it took him 10 minutes to put together as a group. Subsequently, the group got together for two weeks to get to each other and to practice. Styles came up with the name One Direction, for their qualifying song at judges houses, and their first song as a group, One Direction sang an acoustic version of Torn. Cowell later commented that their performance convinced him that they were confident, fun, like a gang of friends, within the first four weeks of the live shows, they were his last act in the competition. The group quickly gained popularity in the UK, shortly afterwards it was confirmed that One Direction had been signed by Cowell to a reported £2 million Syco Records record contract. Recording for their debut album began in January 2011, as they flew to Los Angeles to work with RedOne, a book licensed by One Direction, One Direction, Forever Young, was published by HarperCollins in February 2011, subsequently topping The Sunday Times Best Seller list. The same month, the boy band and other contestants from the series participated in the X Factor Live Tour, during the tour, the group performed for 500,000 people throughout the UK. After the tour concluded in April 2011, the group continued working on their debut album, recording took place in Stockholm, London and Los Angeles, as One Direction worked with producers Carl Falk, Savan Kotecha, Steve Mac, and Rami Yacoub, among others. Subsequent singles, Gotta Be You and One Thing, peaked in the UK Singles Chart top ten, in November 2011, they signed a record deal with Columbia Records in North America
3.
Stockholm
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The city is spread across 14 islands on the coast in the southeast of Sweden at the mouth of Lake Mälaren, by the Stockholm archipelago and the Baltic Sea. The area has settled since the Stone Age, in the 6th millennium BC. It is also the capital of Stockholm County, Stockholm is the cultural, media, political, and economic centre of Sweden. The Stockholm region alone accounts for over a third of the countrys GDP and it is an important global city, and the main centre for corporate headquarters in the Nordic region. The city is home to some of Europes top ranking universities, such as the Stockholm School of Economics, Karolinska Institute and it hosts the annual Nobel Prize ceremonies and banquet at the Stockholm Concert Hall and Stockholm City Hall. One of the citys most prized museums, the Vasa Museum, is the most visited museum in Scandinavia. The Stockholm metro, opened in 1950, is known for its decoration of the stations. Swedens national football arena is located north of the city centre, Ericsson Globe, the national indoor arena, is in the southern part of the city. The city was the host of the 1912 Summer Olympics, and hosted the equestrian portion of the 1956 Summer Olympics otherwise held in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Stockholm is the seat of the Swedish government and most of its agencies, including the highest courts in the judiciary, and the official residencies of the Swedish monarch and the Prime Minister. The government has its seat in the Rosenbad building, the Riksdag is seated in the Parliament House, and the Prime Ministers residence is adjacent at the Sager House. After the Ice Age, around 8,000 BCE, there were already a number of people living in the present-day Stockholm area. Thousands of years later, as the ground thawed, the climate became tolerable, at the intersection of the Baltic Sea and lake Mälaren is an archipelago site where the Old Town of Stockholm was first built from about 1000 CE by Vikings. They had a positive impact on the area because of the trade routes they created. Stockholms location appears in Norse sagas as Agnafit, and in Heimskringla in connection with the legendary king Agne, the earliest written mention of the name Stockholm dates from 1252, by which time the mines in Bergslagen made it an important site in the iron trade. The first part of the name means log in Swedish, although it may also be connected to an old German word meaning fortification, the second part of the name means islet, and is thought to refer to the islet Helgeandsholmen in central Stockholm. Stockholms core, the present Old Town was built on the island next to Helgeandsholmen from the mid 13th century onward. The city originally rose to prominence as a result of the Baltic trade of the Hanseatic League, Stockholm developed strong economic and cultural linkages with Lübeck, Hamburg, Gdańsk, Visby, Reval, and Riga during this time
4.
Los Angeles
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Los Angeles, officially the City of Los Angeles and often known by its initials L. A. is the cultural, financial, and commercial center of Southern California. With a census-estimated 2015 population of 3,971,883, it is the second-most populous city in the United States, Los Angeles is also the seat of Los Angeles County, the most populated county in the United States. The citys inhabitants are referred to as Angelenos, historically home to the Chumash and Tongva, Los Angeles was claimed by Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo for Spain in 1542 along with the rest of what would become Alta California. The city was founded on September 4,1781, by Spanish governor Felipe de Neve. It became a part of Mexico in 1821 following the Mexican War of Independence, in 1848, at the end of the Mexican–American War, Los Angeles and the rest of California were purchased as part of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, thereby becoming part of the United States. Los Angeles was incorporated as a municipality on April 4,1850, the discovery of oil in the 1890s brought rapid growth to the city. The completion of the Los Angeles Aqueduct in 1913, delivering water from Eastern California, nicknamed the City of Angels, Los Angeles is known for its Mediterranean climate, ethnic diversity, and sprawling metropolis. Los Angeles also has an economy in culture, media, fashion, science, sports, technology, education, medicine. A global city, it has been ranked 6th in the Global Cities Index, the city is home to renowned institutions covering a broad range of professional and cultural fields, and is one of the most substantial economic engines within the United States. The Los Angeles combined statistical area has a gross metropolitan product of $831 billion, making it the third-largest in the world, after the Greater Tokyo and New York metropolitan areas. The city has hosted the Summer Olympic Games in 1932 and 1984 and is bidding to host the 2024 Summer Olympics and thus become the second city after London to have hosted the Games three times. The Los Angeles area also hosted the 1994 FIFA mens World Cup final match as well as the 1999 FIFA womens World Cup final match, the mens event was watched on television by over 700 million people worldwide. The Los Angeles coastal area was first settled by the Tongva, a Gabrielino settlement in the area was called iyáangẚ, meaning poison oak place. Gaspar de Portolà and Franciscan missionary Juan Crespí, reached the present site of Los Angeles on August 2,1769, in 1771, Franciscan friar Junípero Serra directed the building of the Mission San Gabriel Arcángel, the first mission in the area. The Queen of the Angels is an honorific of the Virgin Mary, two-thirds of the settlers were mestizo or mulatto with a mixture of African, indigenous and European ancestry. The settlement remained a small town for decades, but by 1820. Today, the pueblo is commemorated in the district of Los Angeles Pueblo Plaza and Olvera Street. New Spain achieved its independence from the Spanish Empire in 1821, during Mexican rule, Governor Pío Pico made Los Angeles Alta Californias regional capital
5.
Virginia Beach, Virginia
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Virginia Beach is an independent city located in the Commonwealth of Virginia. As of the 2010 census, the population was 437,994, in 2015, the population was estimated to be 452,745. Although mostly suburban in character, it is the most populous city in Virginia, despite being larger, Virginia Beach is generally considered to be a suburb of Norfolk. Located on the Atlantic Ocean at the mouth of the Chesapeake Bay, Virginia Beach is a resort city with miles of beaches and hundreds of hotels, motels, and restaurants along its oceanfront. Every year the city hosts the East Coast Surfing Championships as well as the North American Sand Soccer Championship, a beach soccer tournament. Near the point where the Chesapeake Bay and the Atlantic Ocean meet, Cape Henry was the site of the first landing of the English colonists, the city is listed in the Guinness Book of Records as having the longest pleasure beach in the world. It is located at the end of the Chesapeake Bay Bridge-Tunnel. The Chesepian were the indigenous people of the area now known as Tidewater in Virginia at the time of European encounter. Little is known about them but archeological evidence suggests they may have related to the Carolina Algonquian. They would have one of the Algonquian languages. These were common among the tribes of the coastal area. The Chesepian occupied an area which is now defined as the independent cities of Norfolk, Portsmouth, Chesapeake and they named it Cape Henry, after Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales, the eldest son of King James I of England. They created their first permanent settlement on the side of the James River at Jamestown. Adam Thoroughgood of Kings Lynn, Norfolk, England is one of the earliest Englishmen to settle in this area, at the age of 18, he had contracted as an indentured servant to pay for passage to the Virginia Colony in the hopes of bettering his life. He earned his freedom after several years and became a citizen of the area. In 1629, he was elected to the House of Burgesses for Elizabeth Cittie, in 1634, the Colony was divided into the original eight shires of Virginia, soon renamed as counties. Thoroughgood is credited using the name of his home in England when helping name New Norfolk County in 1637. The following year, New Norfolk County was split into Upper Norfolk County, Thoroughgood resided after 1634 was along the Lynnhaven River, named for his home in England
6.
Surrey
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Surrey is a county in the south east of England. It shares borders with Kent to the east, East Sussex to the south-east, West Sussex to the south, Hampshire to the west and south-west, Surrey County Council sits extraterritorially at Kingston upon Thames, administered as part of Greater London since 1965. With a resident population of 1.1 million, Surrey is the most densely populated and third most populated county in the South East region, after Kent, the London boroughs of Lambeth, Southwark, Wandsworth, and parts of Lewisham and Bromley were in Surrey until 1889. The boroughs of Croydon, Kingston upon Thames, Merton, Sutton and Richmond upon Thames south of the River Thames were part of Surrey until 1965, when they too were absorbed into Greater London. In the same year, the county was extended north of the Thames by the addition of Spelthorne, due to this expansion, modern Surrey also borders on the London boroughs of Hounslow and Hillingdon. It has the highest GDP per capita of any English county, Surrey is divided in two by the chalk ridge of the North Downs, running east-west. To the north of the Downs the land is mostly flat, the geology of this area is dominated by London Clay in the east, Bagshot Sands in the west and alluvial deposits along the rivers. Much of Surrey is in the Metropolitan Green Belt and it contains a good deal of mature woodland. Among its many notable beauty spots are Box Hill, Leith Hill, Frensham Ponds, Newlands Corner and Puttenham & Crooksbury Commons. Surrey is the most wooded county in England, with 22. 4% coverage compared to an average of 11. 8%. Box Hill has the oldest untouched area of woodland in the UK. Surrey also contains Englands principal concentration of lowland heath, on soils in the west of the county. Agriculture not being intensive, there are many commons and access lands, together with a network of footpaths and bridleways including the North Downs Way. Accordingly, Surrey provides much in the way of leisure activities. The highest elevation in Surrey is Leith Hill near Dorking and it is either 293,294 or 295 metres above sea level and is the second highest point in southeastern England after Walbury Hill 297 metres in West Berkshire. Surrey has a population of approximately 1.1 million people and its largest town is Guildford, with a population of 66,773, Woking comes a close second with 62,796. They are followed by Ewell with 39,994 people and Camberley with 30,155, towns of between 25,000 and 30,000 inhabitants are Ashford, Epsom, Farnham, Staines and Redhill. Guildford is the county town, although the county administration was moved to Newington in 1791
7.
Pop music
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Pop music is a genre of popular music that originated in its modern form in the United States and United Kingdom during the mid 1950s. The terms popular music and pop music are used interchangeably, although the former describes all music that is popular. Pop and rock were synonymous terms until the late 1960s, when they were used in opposition from each other. Although pop music is seen as just the singles charts, it is not the sum of all chart music. Pop music is eclectic, and often borrows elements from other such as urban, dance, rock, Latin. Identifying factors include generally short to medium-length songs written in a format, as well as the common use of repeated choruses, melodic tunes. David Hatch and Stephen Millward define pop music as a body of music which is distinguishable from popular, jazz, according to Pete Seeger, pop music is professional music which draws upon both folk music and fine arts music. Although pop music is seen as just the singles charts, it is not the sum of all chart music, the music charts contain songs from a variety of sources, including classical, jazz, rock, and novelty songs. Pop music, as a genre, is seen as existing and developing separately, pop music continuously evolves along with the terms definition. The term pop song was first recorded as being used in 1926, Hatch and Millward indicate that many events in the history of recording in the 1920s can be seen as the birth of the modern pop music industry, including in country, blues and hillbilly music. The Oxford Dictionary of Music states that while pops earlier meaning meant concerts appealing to a wide audience. Since the late 1950s, however, pop has had the meaning of non-classical mus, usually in the form of songs, performed by such artists as the Beatles. Grove Music Online also states that, in the early 1960s pop music competed terminologically with beat music, while in the USA its coverage overlapped with that of rock and roll. From about 1967, the term was used in opposition to the term rock music. Whereas rock aspired to authenticity and an expansion of the possibilities of music, pop was more commercial, ephemeral. It is not driven by any significant ambition except profit and commercial reward, and, in musical terms, it is essentially conservative. It is, provided from on high rather than being made from below, pop is not a do-it-yourself music but is professionally produced and packaged. The beat and the melodies tend to be simple, with limited harmonic accompaniment, the lyrics of modern pop songs typically focus on simple themes – often love and romantic relationships – although there are notable exceptions
8.
Columbia Records
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Columbia Records is an American record label owned by Sony Music Entertainment, a subsidiary of Sony Corporation of America, Inc. the United States division of Sony Corporation. It was founded in 1887, evolving from an enterprise named the American Graphophone Company. Columbia is the oldest surviving brand name in the sound business. Columbia Records went on to release records by an array of singers, instrumentalists. It is one of Sony Musics three flagship record labels alongside RCA Records and Epic Records, rather, as above, it was connected to CBS, a broadcasting media company which had purchased the company in 1938, and had been co-founded in 1927 by Columbia Records itself. Though Arista Records was sold to Bertelsmann Music Group, it would become a sister label of Columbia Records through its mutual connection to Sony Music. The Columbia Phonograph Company was founded in 1887 by stenographer, lawyer and New Jersey native Edward Easton and it derived its name from the District of Columbia, where it was headquartered. At first it had a monopoly on sales and service of Edison phonographs and phonograph cylinders in Washington. As was the custom of some of the regional companies, Columbia produced many commercial cylinder recordings of its own. Columbias ties to Edison and the North American Phonograph Company were severed in 1894 with the North American Phonograph Companys breakup, thereafter it sold only records and phonographs of its own manufacture. In 1902, Columbia introduced the XP record, a brown wax record. According to Gracyk, the molded brown waxes may have sold to Sears for distribution. Columbia began selling records and phonographs in addition to the cylinder system in 1901, preceded only by their Toy Graphophone of 1899. For a decade, Columbia competed with both the Edison Phonograph Company cylinders and the Victor Talking Machine Company disc records as one of the top three names in American recorded sound. In order to add prestige to its catalog of artists. The firm also introduced the internal-horn Grafonola to compete with the extremely popular Victrola sold by the rival Victor Talking Machine Company, during this era, Columbia used the famous Magic Notes logo—a pair of sixteenth notes in a circle—both in the United States and overseas. Columbia was split into two companies, one to make records and one to make players, Columbia Phonograph was moved to Connecticut, and Ed Easton went with it. Eventually it was renamed the Dictaphone Corporation, in late 1923, Columbia went into receivership
9.
Syco Music
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Syco Music, also known as Syco Records, is a British record label founded by British music mogul Simon Cowell. It is a subsidiary of Cowells Syco, Syco Music has offices in London and Los Angeles and is home to several artists. Syco has the right to sign winners and finalists of The X Factor. Susan Boyles debut album, I Dreamed a Dream, has sold over 9 million copies, making it one of the best selling releases of the last decade and Sycos most successful release to date. They have signed three of the most successful bands in the world, One Direction, Little Mix, in 2010, Syco began diversifying by adding producer/singer-songwriter Labrinth. Savan Kotecha, who had been writing for Syco acts for several years, also became an A&R Director and set up a joint venture, Syco also began forming closer partnerships with other Sony Music Entertainment UK labels. For the first time, Syco entered into an agreement with Columbia Records that would see them together to launch the career of a The X Factor winner - Matt Cardle. Syco Music and its artists have been the targets of illegal hacking on several separate occasions, in 2009 ahead of the release of Leona Lewiss second album Echo, a number of unfinished demos and leftover songs from the project leaked online. An investigation was launched by the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry, working with the record label, alexandra Burke was also targeted, having two demo versions of songs from her debut album Overcome leak before the albums release. At the end of March 2010 it was reported that Syco had suffered once again from computer hackers who managed to obtain 14 of Burkes previously unheard studio recordings as well as 26 from Lewis. Following the second incident of leaks, Cowell contacted the FBI to track down those responsible, included in the leaks was a newly recorded version of Burkes All Night Long featuring American rapper Pitbull, which was tipped to be the singers third single in March 2010. According to Burke, the songs were leaked by Two little boys in Germany on work experience and it was later revealed in 2011 that songs recorded for Echo were targeted by the German hacker, Deniz A. also known as DJ Stolen. In July 2010, the Rasch law firm logged a complaint against DJ Stolen for constantly placing hacked songs on the internet. Amongst those songs listed in the complaint was one called Pulse, DJ Stolen was jailed for 18 months in June 2011. In February 2013, it was announced that One Direction would be releasing a version of One Way or Another. However, a version of the song leaked online and on 7 February 2013 Syco launched an investigation. A spokesperson told the press It is very disappointing that the song has been leaked, Syco Music started releasing music as a label in 2004
10.
Record producer
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A record producer or music producer oversees and manages the sound recording and production of a band or performers music, which may range from recording one song to recording a lengthy concept album. A producer has many roles during the recording process, the roles of a producer vary. The producer may perform these roles himself, or help select the engineer, the producer may also pay session musicians and engineers and ensure that the entire project is completed within the record companies budget. A record producer or music producer has a broad role in overseeing and managing the recording. Producers also often take on an entrepreneurial role, with responsibility for the budget, schedules, contracts. In the 2010s, the industry has two kinds of producers with different roles, executive producer and music producer. Executive producers oversee project finances while music producers oversee the process of recording songs or albums. In most cases the producer is also a competent arranger, composer. The producer will also liaise with the engineer who concentrates on the technical aspects of recording. Noted producer Phil Ek described his role as the person who creatively guides or directs the process of making a record, indeed, in Bollywood music, the designation actually is music director. The music producers job is to create, shape, and mold a piece of music, at the beginning of record industry, producer role was technically limited to record, in one shot, artists performing live. The role of producers changed progressively over the 1950s and 1960s due to technological developments, the development of multitrack recording caused a major change in the recording process. Before multitracking, all the elements of a song had to be performed simultaneously, all of these singers and musicians had to be assembled in a large studio and the performance had to be recorded. As well, for a song that used 20 instruments, it was no longer necessary to get all the players in the studio at the same time. Examples include the rock sound effects of the 1960s, e. g. playing back the sound of recorded instruments backwards or clanging the tape to produce unique sound effects. These new instruments were electric or electronic, and thus they used instrument amplifiers, new technologies like multitracking changed the goal of recording, A producer could blend together multiple takes and edit together different sections to create the desired sound. For example, in jazz fusion Bandleader-composer Miles Davis album Bitches Brew, producers like Phil Spector and George Martin were soon creating recordings that were, in practical terms, almost impossible to realise in live performance. Producers became creative figures in the studio, other examples of such engineers includes Joe Meek, Teo Macero, Brian Wilson, and Biddu
11.
Dr. Luke
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Lukasz Sebastian Gottwald, known professionally as Dr. Luke, is an American record producer and songwriter. He came into prominence in 2004 for producing Kelly Clarksons single Since U Been Gone with Swedish record producer Max Martin. While continuing to produce for Perry, Lavigne, and Pink, Gottwald has also worked with artists, including Taio Cruz, B. o. B, Britney Spears, Nicki Minaj, Rihanna. Flo Rida, Miley Cyrus, Jessie J, Juicy J, Ne-Yo, Shakira, Dr. Luke is also noted for signing recording artists such as Kesha and Sabi and playing a vital part in their careers. In October 2014, Kesha initiated a series of lawsuits, alleging assault and abuse by Gottwald. Dr. Lukes work has been recognized with various industry awards. Music publication Billboard named him as one of the top performing producers of the 2000s, the American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers awarded him Producer and Songwriter of the Year honors from 2009 to 2011. At the 53rd Grammy Awards, he was nominated for a Grammy Award for Producer of the Year, Non-Classical, lukasz Sebastain Gottwald was born in Providence, Rhode Island. His father, Janusz Jerzy Gottwald, was an architect who was born in Łask, Gottwald spent many of his formative years in New York City. He had originally wanted to be a drummer, but his parents refused to allow a drum kit in the house, at 13, he picked up his older sisters guitar and taught himself how to play. As a teenager, Gottwald would listen to bad music over and over, if there was a guitar part admired, Gottwald attended the Manhattan School of Music for two years. He joined the Saturday Night Live Band as the lead guitarist in 1997 until the 2006–2007 season and he produced tracks and remixes for various artists including Arrested Development and Nappy Roots. He released the 12 single Wet Lapse, under the name Kasz, for Rawkus Records, while deejaying at a house party, Dr. Luke met producer Max Martin and subsequently gave Martin a tour of New York clubs when Martin arrived in the city. Dr. Luke owns two publishing companies, Kasz Money Publishing, for his own songs, and Prescription Songs, as of January 2011, he has garnered 21 Top 40 Billboard Hot 100 singles, becoming the producer with the third most such hits since the charts were created. He co-wrote and co-produced the Kelly Clarkson Hot 100 number two song, Since U Been Gone with Max Martin and provided the singer another hit in Behind These Hazel Eyes, subsequent songs by Pink, Who Knew and U + Ur Hand reached the Hot 100 top ten. He would go on to co-produce a number one for Avril Lavigne with the song Girlfriend as well as seven songs on the Lavigne album. He also achieved a UK number one with the song About You Now for the Sugababes, Dr. Luke contributed two songs to Katy Perrys second album, One of the Boys. Hot 100 number one, I Kissed a Girl and Hot n Cold and he also co-produced the US number one song Right Round by Flo Rida
12.
Jake Gosling
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Gosling has remixed under the pseudonym Sketch Iz Dead for Lady Gaga, Timbaland & Nelly Furtado, Keane, Keri Hilson, and Far East Movement. Gosling runs his own recording studio Sticky Studios in Surrey, Gosling and Sarah Liversedge run a joint venture publishing company called The Movement London Limited. Gosling is signed as a songwriter to BDi Music Limited and is a member of the Music Producers Guild. He was nominated at the 58th Annual Grammy Awards for Record of the Year with Thinking Out Loud and he has also won the Brit Award for Album of the Year in 2015 with Sheerans x. Gosling has been nominated twice at the Brit Awards for Producer of the Year and he was nominated at the 2015 Grammy Awards for Best Album with x. In June 2015, Thinking Out Loud became the first single to spend a year in the UK top 40. In September 2015, it became the seventh single to have achieved triple Platinum in the UK during the 21st century. Thinking Out Loud was the first song to reach 500 million streams on Spotify, after working in numerous jobs within the music industry, Gosling started his own recording studio, Sticky Studios, in Surrey, UK. Goslings first mainstream success came in 2008 with the album See Clear Now by UK rapper Wiley, the album featured tracks summertime, produced by Gosling, and Cash In My Pocket, which he worked on with Mark Ronson. Gosling then worked with Southern Fried Records and produced/co-wrote tracks on the Crookers album Tons of Friends and he also performed vocals alongside Pitbull and Kardinal Offishall on tracks Natural Born Hustler and Put Your Hands On Me. Gosling started working with a young Ed Sheeran in 2007, and they have gone on to form a successful partnership, in 2014 Gosling produced Ed Sheeran single Make It Rain for the TV series Sons of Anarchy. 2011 saw the release of Sheerans debut album +, for which Gosling co-wrote seven tracks and produced all, the third single, Lego House, achieved 5× Platinum status in the UK, selling over 600,000 copies and reaching number 5 in the UK singles chart. + received commercial and critical acclaim globally with it peaking at number 1 in multiple countries worldwide, the album has been certified 29 Gold and Platinum awards outside of the UK. Gosling produced Ed Sheeran and Shady Records artist Yelawolfs collaboration The Slumdon Bridge EP, Gosling worked on One Directions 2011 multi-Platinum selling, debut album Up All Night. The album was an success, topping the charts in 16 countries. The album debuted at number 2 on the UK album chart, Gosling worked on the bands follow up album in 2012, titled Take Me Home. Little Things, the single from the album, was produced by Gosling and co-written by Ed Sheeran and Fiona Bevan. Gosling also produced album track Over Again, Take Me Home has been number 1 in over 20 countries and is certified as 3× Platinum in the UK, with Little Things being certified as Platinum in the US
13.
Shellback (record producer)
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Karl Johan Schuster, known professionally as Shellback, is a Swedish songwriter, record producer, and musician. Shellback has collaborated with fellow producer Benny Blanco for Payphone and Moves like Jagger by Maroon 5 and he has also produced songs by himself, including Want U Back by Cher Lloyd and Animals by Maroon 5. Karl Johan Schuster was born and raised in Karlshamn, Sweden and he started out as a drummer in local indie rock bands in Karlshamn, as well as recording all instruments on the 2003 Meriah demo. In 2005 he also performed as a guest musician on the Faith album Sorg, at the age of 16, Schuster met Max Martin through their mutual friend Julius. By that time, according to an interview in the Swedish music magazine Stim-magasinet, Schusters taste in music was too cool for school, Julius kept sending Schusters indie rock/death metal demos to Martin, who became curious about what it would sound like if Schuster would make pop music. So in 2006 Martin invited Schuster to his studio in Stockholm to record a demo with him, among the first songs Schuster co-wrote with Martin are Pinks 2008 single So What and Britney Spears 2008 single If U Seek Amy. In 2012 Schuster won the STIM Platinum guitar prize, in 2014, Schuster produced Problem alongside Max Martin and Ilya. In 2015, Shellback collaborated with Swedish hardcore punk band Refused, Sandstrom sent him the versions of the songs Elektra and 366 that Refused had recorded with producer Nick Launay, and Shellback replied with his own arrangements of the two songs. Refused frontman Dennis Lyxzen explained in June 2015 that Shellbacks versions were far more Refused than our versions and were better than the Launay-produced versions. The two songs appear on Refuseds comeback album Freedom—Elektra was released as a single on April 27, 2015—which was released on the label Epitaph Records on June 26,2015. With Meriah. Turn Him Your Other Cheek With Blinded Colony Promo Demo Bedtime Prayers As a guest musician Faith - Sorg The following singles peaked inside the top ten on the Billboard Hot 100. Number-one singles So What 3 Raise Your Glass Moves like Jagger We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together One More Night Shake It Off Blank Space Bad Blood Cant Stop the Feeling
14.
Louis Tomlinson
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Louis William Tomlinson is an English singer-songwriter and actor. He is known as a member of the pop boy band One Direction, Tomlinson began his career as an actor, initially appearing in ITV drama Fat Friends as an extra. He also went on to appear in another ITV drama film If I Had You, in 2010, he became a founding member of One Direction after auditioning as a solo artist on The X Factor. Following the bands hiatus, Tomlinson released the single Just Hold On with Steve Aoki in December 2016, in 2013, he was signed as a footballer by Doncaster Rovers of the Football League Championship on a non-contract basis. The same year he formed his own record label, Triple Strings Ltd. As one of the highest profile music artists in contemporary British popular culture he appeared on Debretts 2017 list of the most influential people in the UK, Tomlinson was born in Doncaster, South Yorkshire, to Johannah Poulston and Troy Austin, who split up when he was young. He later took on his then stepfather Mark Tomlinsons name and his mother died, after a short battle with leukaemia, in December 2016. Tomlinson was a sixth form student at Hall Cross School and a pupil of the Hayfield School. He failed his first year of A levels at the Hayfield School and ended up going back to Hall Cross and he had a number of jobs, including at a Vue cinema and at Doncaster Rovers football stadium as a waiter in the hospitality suites. As a student at Hall Cross, Tomlinson appeared in musical productions. He admitted to not applying himself academically in school, but he enjoyed being with his friends. Taking the lead role of Danny Zuko in the Hall Cross musical production of Grease motivated him to audition for The X Factor, Tomlinson, along with two of his siblings, had extra roles in Fat Friends. After Fat Friends, he attended a school in Barnsley. He had small parts in an ITV drama film If I Had You, as a student at Hall Cross, Tomlinson appeared in several musical productions. Being involved with productions at Hall Cross gave him a growing sense of ambition and determination. Taking the lead role of Danny Zuko in the Hall Cross musical production of Grease motivated him to audition for The X Factor. Tomlinson auditioned for The X-Factor in 2009 where he failed to progress past the producers audition, in 2010, Tomlinson auditioned for the seventh series of the singing competition The X Factor. Subsequently, the group got together for two weeks to get to each other and to practise
15.
Harry Styles
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Harry Edward Styles is an English singer and songwriter. He is known as a member of the pop rock band One Direction and he made his debut as a singer with his band White Eskimo, who performed locally in Holmes Chapel, Cheshire. In 2010, Styles auditioned as a solo artist for the British television series The X Factor, Styles and his bandmates have released the albums Up All Night, Take Me Home, Midnight Memories, Four, and Made in the A. M. They have also performed on two tours and won several awards, including five Brit Awards and four MTV Video Music Awards. In addition to singing, Styles has also appeared in television and film, including the Nickelodeon series iCarly, on 23 June 2016 it was reported by Billboard that Styles had signed a 3-album solo recording deal with Columbia Records, the same label behind One Direction. Styles will make his film acting debut in the war drama Dunkirk in July 2017. Styles was born in Redditch, Worcestershire and he is the son of Anne Cox and Desmond Des Styles. Many of his ancestors were farm labourers in Norfolk, Styles was raised in Holmes Chapel, Cheshire, after his parents moved there along with his older sister, Gemma, when he was a child. He attended Holmes Chapel Comprehensive School, styless parents divorced when he was seven and his mother later remarried. He has a stepbrother named Mike, the son of his stepfather. As a sixteen-year-old he worked part-time at the W. Mandeville Bakery in Holmes Chapel, as a child, Styles loved singing, citing Freddie Mercury, Elvis Presley and The Beatles as his influences. While at Holmes Chapel Comprehensive, Styles was the singer for the band White Eskimo. On 11 April 2010, Styles auditioned as a candidate for the seventh series of the British televised singing competition The X Factor. He failed to progress to the Boys category at judges houses, subsequently, the group got together for two weeks to get to know one another and to practise. Styles came up with the name One Direction, for their qualifying song at judges houses, and their first song as a group, One Direction sang an acoustic version of Torn. Simon Cowell later commented that the performance convinced him that the group were confident, fun, like a gang of friends, within the first four weeks of the live shows, they were Cowells last act in the competition. The group quickly gained popularity in the UK, One Direction finished in third place and immediately after the final, their song Forever Young, which would have been released if they had won The X Factor, was leaked onto the internet. Shortly afterwards it was confirmed that One Direction had been signed by Cowell to a reported £2 million Syco Records record contract, recording for their debut album began in January 2011, as they flew to Los Angeles to work with RedOne, a record producer
16.
Up All Night (One Direction album)
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Up All Night is the debut studio album by English-Irish group One Direction, released by Syco Records in November 2011 in Ireland and the United Kingdom, followed by a worldwide release during 2012. The album is predominantly a pop album which orientates into pop rock, dance-pop, teen pop. The albums lyrical content regards being young, relationships, heartbreak, staged in support of the album, One Direction performed the albums songs live on televised shows, at awards ceremonies, and during their worldwide Up All Night Tour. An international success, the album topped the charts in sixteen countries and, the album bowed at number two on the UK Albums Chart and ultimately became the UKs fastest-selling debut album of 2011. Up All Night debuted to number one on the United States Billboard 200, according to the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry, Up All Night was the third global best-selling album of 2012 with sales of 4.5 million copies. In addition, Up All Night became the album by a group. Four singles were released from the album, including the UK Singles Chart top ten hits What Makes You Beautiful, Gotta Be You, and One Thing. After being formed and finishing third in the series of The X Factor in 2010. Recording for their debut album began in January 2011, as they flew to Los Angeles to work with Moroccan-Swedish producer RedOne, in February 2011, One Direction and nine other contestants from the series participated in the X Factor Live Tour. After the tour concluded in April 2011, the group continued working on their debut album. Recording took place in Sweden, the United States, and the United Kingdom, as One Direction worked with producers Carl Falk, Savan Kotecha, Steve Mac, RedOne, Toby Gad and Rami Yacoub, among others. The album also features songs written by Ed Sheeran, Kelly Clarkson, in May 2011, Kotecha spoke to Digital Spy, and he elaborated that One Direction were experimenting with sounds on their debut album. Kotecha said that he was involved in the stages of producing the record. The stuff Ive heard has been really catchy and everyone loves the guys, so its just about capturing that in the music, which I think is what theyre going to be doing. Sonny Takhar, the executive officer of Syco Records, in an August 2011 issue of Music Week. Takhar added the album was one of the best pop records made by Syco Records in the past few years. In November 2011, they signed a deal with Columbia Records in North America. Steve Barnett, the co-chairman of Columbia Records, said it was not a decision to sign with One Direction
17.
Midnight Memories
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Midnight Memories is the third studio album by British-Irish boy band One Direction, released on 25 November 2013 by Columbia Records, Syco Music and Sony Music. The album was described as having a slightly rockier tone than their previous efforts and it has become the fastest-selling album in Amazon UKs history, breaking the record set by One Directions previous release, Take Me Home. The album debuted at one on the US Billboard 200. The album was preceded by the release of the singles Best Song Ever, upon the albums release, Midnight Memories received mixed reviews from music critics. Many critics praised the depth and musical composition on the album. However, others argued that the material was less memorable than their previous work, despite being released five weeks before the years end, Midnight Memories nevertheless became the best-selling album of 2013 as listed by the IFPI, with sales of four million copies. One Direction began working on their studio album whilst embarking on their second international tour. Member Louis Tomlinson proclaimed that the album would have a sound to it than the bands previous releases. The full track list for the edition was later shown on iTunes. Best Song Ever was released on 22 July 2013 as the lead single from the album. The track peaked at two on the UK Singles Chart. Story of My Life was released on 28 October 2013 as the single from the album. The song eventually peaked at number 2, the video was released on 3 November 2013. Midnight Memories, was announced as the single from the album on 24 January 2014. You & I was serviced to US radio on 15 April 2014 as the albums fourth, diana was the first promotional single. It charted in the Irish top 10 on 21 November 2013, strong debuted at number one on the New Zealand Singles Chart on 29 November 2013, four days after the albums release. One Way or Another was released on 17 February 2013 as the official 2013 Comic Relief single, peaking at one on the UK Singles Chart. All songs from except Something Great have charted on the UK Singles Chart, upon its release, Midnight Memories received mixed reviews from music critics and publications
18.
Single (music)
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In music, a single or record single is a type of release, typically a song recording of fewer tracks than an LP record, an album or an EP record. This can be released for sale to the public in a variety of different formats, in most cases, a single is a song that is released separately from an album, although it usually also appears on an album. Typically, these are the songs from albums that are released separately for promotional uses such as digital download or commercial radio airplay and are expected to be the most popular, in other cases a recording released as a single may not appear on an album. As digital downloading and audio streaming have become prevalent, it is often possible for every track on an album to also be available separately. Nevertheless, the concept of a single for an album has been retained as an identification of a heavily promoted or more popular song within an album collection. Despite being referred to as a single, singles can include up to as many as three tracks on them. The biggest digital music distributor, iTunes, accepts as many as three tracks less than ten minutes each as a single, as well as popular music player Spotify also following in this trend. Any more than three tracks on a release or longer than thirty minutes in total running time is either an Extended Play or if over six tracks long. The basic specifications of the single were made in the late 19th century. Gramophone discs were manufactured with a range of speeds and in several sizes. By about 1910, however, the 10-inch,78 rpm shellac disc had become the most commonly used format, the inherent technical limitations of the gramophone disc defined the standard format for commercial recordings in the early 20th century.26 rpm. With these factors applied to the 10-inch format, songwriters and performers increasingly tailored their output to fit the new medium, the breakthrough came with Bob Dylans Like a Rolling Stone. Singles have been issued in various formats, including 7-inch, 10-inch, other, less common, formats include singles on digital compact cassette, DVD, and LD, as well as many non-standard sizes of vinyl disc. Some artist release singles on records, a more common in musical subcultures. The most common form of the single is the 45 or 7-inch. The names are derived from its speed,45 rpm. The 7-inch 45 rpm record was released 31 March 1949 by RCA Victor as a smaller, more durable, the first 45 rpm records were monaural, with recordings on both sides of the disc. As stereo recordings became popular in the 1960s, almost all 45 rpm records were produced in stereo by the early 1970s
19.
Live While We're Young
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Live While Were Young is a song by English-Irish boy band One Direction, released as the lead single from their second studio album, Take Me Home. Written by Savan Kotecha and its producers, Rami Yacoub and Carl Falk, Falk, Kotecha, and Yacoub had collaboratively helmed One Directions previous hits, What Makes You Beautiful and One Thing. The track is an uptempo, upbeat pop song which features rock undertones, vocal harmonies, hand claps, prominent electric guitar riffs. The chorus of the song is featured alongside the bridge. Its opening guitar riff bears similarities with The Clashs 1982 single, the track received mostly positive reviews from critics, who centred on its omnipresence and jubilant nature. The only negative feedback the song got was centered on the lyrics, a commercial success, the song became a top ten hit in fifteen countries, while reaching the top of the charts in New Zealand and Ireland. Following an unauthorized internet leak, the music video was officially released on 20 September 2012. Directed by Vaughan Arnell, the clip, which has a festival theme, was generally well received by critics. Upon release, it broke the Vevo record for having the most views in a 24-hour period with 8.24 million, bieber subsequently regained the record with his music video for Beauty and a Beat. One Direction performed Live While Were Young on televised programs and during their two concert tours, Take Me Home Tour and Where We Are Tour. The track was featured in a Pepsi television commercial for the United States and was performed on an episode of Glee and this song is the first track on Now 45. Live While Were Young was written by Rami Yacoub, Carl Falk, and Savan Kotecha, the trio had collaboratively helmed One Directions previous hits, What Makes You Beautiful and One Thing. In early 2012, the group confirmed a release for their debut album. In the summer, we’re going to get back and start a new record and we want to bring out a record nearly every year, every year and a half, member Niall Horan said, revealing they were arranging meetings and stuff with different writers and producers. The band began recording the album in May 2012, in Stockholm, Sweden, in June 2012, Horan spoke to MTV News, elaborating that the lead single would probably be released in September 2012. The band confirmed the single by uploading a video to YouTube on 23 August 2012, globally, the song was made available for pre-order at 24,00 GMT on 24 August, through the iTunes Store, while excluding, Canada, Japan, and the United States. The artwork was revealed on 14 September, jocelyn Vena of MTV News described it as portraying the fivesome enjoying the outdoors during a camping trip, goofing off outside a tent. On 28 September, Sony Music Entertainment released it digitally in Australia, New Zealand and it impacted the United Kingdom on 30 September, while in the United States it was released on 1 October
20.
Little Things (One Direction song)
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Little Things is a song by English-Irish boy band One Direction from their second studio album, Take Me Home. It was released by Syco Music on 3 December 2012, as the second single. The song was written by Fiona Bevan and Ed Sheeran, Bevan brought the song to Sheerans attention while he was in studio with the group in 2012, resulting in the band recording it. Little Things is a pop and folk ballad about the insistence that flaws are what make a person unique. The track received mixed reviews from music critics, many of whom felt that the song is not tailored to them. The song became the groups second number-one hit in the United Kingdom, while reaching the top ten in Australia, Ireland, in addition, it attained top forty positions in Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United States. The single has been certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America for shipments of 1,000,000 copies, directed by Vaughan Arnell, the accompanying music video was shot in black-and-white and consists of a simplistic concept — One Direction recording the song. Upon release, it received reviews from reviewers, who noted that it was a perfect accompaniment for the song. The band performed the track on both the UK and US versions of The X Factor and during their 3 major concert tours, Take Me Home Tour, Where We Are Tour and On the Road Again Tour. Little Things was written by British singer-songwriters Ed Sheeran and Fiona Bevan, in February 2012, One Direction expressed interest in working with Sheeran for their second studio album. In June 2012, Sheeran disclosed that One Direction would be recording two of his songs, Ive kept in touch with Fiona, weve done gigs and stuff and about two months ago she sent me the tune and was like, Oh, do you remember this. I was like, Yeah, I do remember that, and I was in the studio with the One Direction boys at the time and I was playing it and they were like and its got one of my favourite lines that Ive ever written in a song. On 15 October 2012, Louis Tomlinson confirmed via social networking website Twitter that Little Things would serve as the single of their second studio album Take Me Home. Little Things is a pop and folk ballad which runs for 3,39. Written in the key of G major, the beat is set in common time, One Directions vocal range in the song span from the note of A3 to D5. Instrumentation includes guitar strings, piano lines and vocals, the song utilises an acoustic guitar riff and a rotation of lead vocals. The songs lyrics revolve around the insistence that flaws are what make a person unique, in a September 2012 interview with MTV News, Sheeran quipped that the song is about the best things about someone, kind of like the things you wouldnt expect. He described Little Things as a song, and concluded
21.
Kiss You (One Direction song)
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Kiss You is a song recorded by English-Irish boy band One Direction for their second studio album, Take Me Home. It was released as the second single in Germany and the third overall single on 7 January 2013. The song was composed by Kristoffer Fogelmark, Kristian Lundin, Albin Nedler, Savan Kotecha, Shellback and its producers, Carl Falk, Kiss You is an upbeat power pop song with electronic effects, the lyrics detail a protagonists infatuation with a significant other. Critics praised the song for its production, calling it a track on Take Me Home. The single peaked at number 46 on the US Billboard Hot 100 and has been certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America for shipments of 500,000 copies. One Direction performed Kiss You on both the UK and US versions of The X Factor and 3 major concert tours, Take Me Home Tour, Where We Are Tour and On the Road Again Tour. An accompanying music video, designed to display the groups comedic timing, was directed by Vaughan Arnell, the music video received 10.4 million views in a 24-hour period and positive commentary from reviewers, who appreciated its carefree, jubilant nature. The song was included in the dancing game Just Dance 2014, additionally, it is the final main track on the US edition of Now Thats What I Call Music. Kiss You was written by Kristoffer Fogelmark, Kristian Lundin, Albin Nedler, Savan Kotecha, Shellback, Falk, Kotecha, and Yacoub had collaboratively composed One Directions previous hit singles, What Makes You Beautiful, One Thing, and Live While Were Young. In April 2012, The Independent reported that Simon Cowell, the manager, had challenged prominent songwriters to compete for space on One Directions second album. Falk said, Its important to get their personalities on the music, in addition, the article reported that Syco Records was working on candidates that included Max Martin and Lundin. Kiss You was chosen as the second US single and third international from their studio album. Liam Payne, a member, in a November 2012 interview with MTV News. Payne was quoted as saying, With the album, thats the first one that we listened to and we were like, Yeah, according to a MTV News article, the number was released digitally in the United States on 17 November 2012. By 18 January 2013, the song had not been promoted to US radio stations. The track, however, was released by Sony Music Entertainment on 8 February 2013, Kiss You is an uptempo, upbeat power pop song which runs for a duration of 3,04. The track features electronic effects, colossal hooks, a na na na breakdown, One Directions vocal range in the song span from the note of E4 to C♯6. Instrumentation includes guitar strings, piano lines and vocals, written in the key of E major, the beat is set in common time and moves at a quick 90 beats per minute, according to the digital sheet music published at Musicnotes. com by Sony/ATV Music Publishing
22.
What Makes You Beautiful
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What Makes You Beautiful is a song by English-Irish boy band One Direction. It served as their single and lead single from their debut studio album. Written by Savan Kotecha and producer Rami Yacoub, the song was released by Syco Records on 11 September 2011, the uptempo power pop track features a prominent guitar-based chorus and riff. What Makes You Beautiful was a success, reaching number one in several countries. It has been certified platinum in the US with sales of 4.8 million copies as of June 2016. The single peaked at four on the US Billboard Hot 100. The song won the 2012 Brit Award for Best British Single and was complimented by contemporary music critics, who highlighted the appeal to the teenage audience. It debuted at one on the UK Singles Chart after setting a Sony Music Entertainment pre-order record. The single also topped the Irish and Scottish Singles Charts, and reached the top ten on the Australian and New Zealand Singles Charts, Flemish Ultratop 50, Canadian Hot 100, and the Japan Hot 100. It has been certified platinum in the US with sales of 4.8 million copies as of June 2016. The accompanying music video, directed by John Urbano, depicts One Direction spending time on a beach in Malibu, the music video was uploaded to YouTube on August 19,2011 and has accumulated more than 840 million views since it premiered. The clip garnered the group three MTV Video Music Awards at the 2012 ceremony, artists including the Piano Guys have covered What Makes You Beautiful. What Makes You Beautiful was written by Savan Kotecha and Carl Falk, instrumentation was completed by Falk and Yacoub. Serban Ghenea handled the mixing, Tom Coyne the audio mastering. Band member Liam Payne called the perfect, and Harry Styles said. Styles spoke to MTV News, I think for us we wanted to something that wasnt cheesy. It kind of represented us, I think it took us a while to find it, Payne added, We always wanted to be something that people didnt expect and then when we heard it, it wasnt what we expected either so it kind of fitted perfectly. What Makes You Beautiful premiered on BBC Radio 1 on 10 August 2011, a CD single was released in the United Kingdom on 12 September 2011, and followed in Australia and Germany on 25 November 2011 and 2 December 2011, respectively
23.
One Thing (One Direction song)
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One Thing is a song by English-Irish boy band One Direction from their debut studio album, Up All Night. It was released in various countries by Syco Music on 6 January 2012, as their second single, additionally, Columbia Records sent it to contemporary hit radio playlists on 22 May 2012 as their second single in the United States. Written by Savan Kotecha and its producers, Carl Falk and Rami Yacoub, initially, as both tracks had elusive attributes, the trio decided to merge the two into one song. The lyrical content regards the protagonists infatuation with a significant other, One Thing garnered mostly positive reviews from music critics, who generally commended the tracks catchiness. The single reached the top ten in Australia, Ireland and the United Kingdom, while attaining top-forty positions in Belgium, Canada, New Zealand, the number has been certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America for shipments of one million copies. Directed by Declan Whitebloom, the music video depicts One Direction performing in. The group performed One Thing on televised programmes and four major tours, Up All Night Tour, Take Me Home Tour, Where We Are Tour. This song is the track on Now 43. After being formed and finishing third in the series of The X Factor in 2010. Recording for their studio album, Up All Night, began in January 2011. In February 2011, the boy band and other contestants from the series participated in the X Factor Live Tour, after the tour concluded in April 2011, the group continued working on their debut album. Carl Falk and Rami Yacoub produced three songs on the album, What Makes You Beautiful, One Thing and I Wish, all of which were co-written by Falk, Yacoub, Falk quipped that when they merged the two songs, everything fell into place. Additionally, Falk deemed it the perfect accompaniment to What Makes You Beautiful and it premiered on BBC Radio 1 on 21 November 2011. One Direction confirmed that One Thing would be released as the single from their debut studio album, Up All Night. Syco Music described the song as an epic pop smash-in-waiting, featuring soaring vocal harmonies, powerhouse guitar riffs, the track was released digitally in various European countries on 6 January 2012. I Should Have Kissed You, the B-side to One Thing, was confirmed on 25 January 2012, CD singles, containing One Thing and I Should Have Kissed You, were released on 13 February 2012 in the United Kingdom. In addition, One Thing was released as second US single from Up All Night, One Thing is an upbeat, uptempo pop rock number which runs for three minutes and ten seconds. Its instrumentation includes piano lines, vocals, and guitar strings, the lyrical content regards the protagonists infatuation with a significant other, while the lead vocals are predominantly sung by members Harry Styles and Liam Payne
24.
Melody
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A melody, also tune, voice, or line, is a linear succession of musical tones that the listener perceives as a single entity. In its most literal sense, a melody is a combination of pitch and rhythm, while more figuratively and it may be considered the foreground to the background accompaniment. A line or part need not be a foreground melody, melodies often consist of one or more musical phrases or motifs, and are usually repeated throughout a composition in various forms. Melodies may also be described by their melodic motion or the pitches or the intervals between pitches, pitch range, tension and release, continuity and coherence, cadence, the true goal of music—its proper enterprise—is melody. All the parts of harmony have as their purpose only beautiful melody. Therefore, the question of which is the significant, melody or harmony, is futile. Beyond doubt, the means is subordinate to the end, given the many and varied elements and styles of melody many extant explanations confine us to specific stylistic models, and they are too exclusive. Paul Narveson claimed in 1984 that more than three-quarters of melodic topics had not been explored thoroughly, melodies in the 20th century utilized a greater variety of pitch resources than ha been the custom in any other historical period of Western music. While the diatonic scale was used, the chromatic scale became widely employed. Composers also allotted a structural role to the dimensions that previously had been almost exclusively reserved for pitch. Kliewer states, The essential elements of any melody are duration, pitch, and quality, texture, for example, Jazz musicians use the term lead or head to refer to the main melody, which is used as a starting point for improvisation. Rock music, melodic music, and other forms of popular music, indian classical music relies heavily on melody and rhythm, and not so much on harmony, as the music contains no chord changes. Balinese gamelan music often uses complicated variations and alterations of a melody played simultaneously. In western classical music, composers often introduce an initial melody, or theme, classical music often has several melodic layers, called polyphony, such as those in a fugue, a type of counterpoint. Often, melodies are constructed from motifs or short melodic fragments, richard Wagner popularized the concept of a leitmotif, a motif or melody associated with a certain idea, person or place. Appropriation Hocket Parsons code, a notation used to identify a piece of music through melodic motion—the motion of the pitch up. Harvard Dictionary of Music, 2nd ed. p. 517–19, the Art of Melody, p. xix–xxx. A Textbook of Melody, A course in functional melodic analysis, a History Of Melody, Barrie and Rockliff, London
25.
Metronome
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A metronome is a device that produces an audible beat—a click or other sound—at regular intervals that the user can set in beats per minute. Musicians use the device to practice playing to a regular pulse, metronomes typically include synchronized visual motion. A kind of metronome was among the inventions of Andalusian polymath Abbas ibn Firnas, in 1815 Johann Maelzel patented it as a tool for musicians, under the title Instrument/Machine for the Improvement of all Musical Performance, called Metronome. Musicians practice with metronomes to improve their timing, especially the ability to stick to a tempo, Metronome practice helps internalize a clear sense of timing and tempo. Composers often use a metronome as a standard tempo reference—and may play or sing their work to the metronome to derive beats per minute if they want to indicate that in a composition, when interpreting emotion and other qualities in music, performers seldom play exactly on every beat. Typically, every beat of an expressive performance doesnt align exactly with each click of a metronome. This has led some musicians to use of a metronome. Some go as far as to suggest that musicians shouldnt use metronomes at all and those in favour of metronome use understand this as a criticism of metronome technique as commonly practiced by musicians, rather than criticism of the tool as such. Their response has been to better methods of metronome technique to address the various issues raised by the critics. These techniques however arent widely known by musicians generally, including critics of metronome use. Metronome technique has developed, but the body of published information is small—so some critics may think that metronome technique consists only of playing music along with the metronome. In his book, Metronome Techniques, Frederick Franz maintains that those who disparage metronomes as making you mechanical misunderstand their proper use, the word metronome first appeared in English c.1815 and is Greek in origin, metron measure and nomos regulating, law. According to Lynn Townsend White, Jr. the Andalusian inventor, Abbas Ibn Firnas, galileo Galilei first studied and discovered concepts involving the pendulum in the late 16th and early 17th centuries. To get the pulse with this kind of visual devices. The more familiar mechanical musical chronometer was invented by Dietrich Nikolaus Winkel in Amsterdam in 1814, the original text of Maelzels patent in England can be downloaded. Ludwig van Beethoven was maybe the first notable composer to indicate specific metronome markings in his music, musicians practice playing to metronomes to develop and maintain a sense of timing and tempo. For example, a musician fighting a tendency to speed up play a phrase repeatedly while slightly slowing the BPM setting each time. Even pieces that do not require a constant tempo sometimes provide a BPM marking to indicate the general tempo
26.
Homogeneity and heterogeneity
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Homogeneity and heterogeneity are concepts often used in the sciences and statistics relating to the uniformity in a substance or organism. A material or image that is homogeneous is uniform in composition or character, the alternate spellings homogenous and heterogenous are commonly, but incorrectly, used. Heterogenous meanwhile is a term primarily confined to pathology which refers to the property of an object in the body having its origin outside the body, the concepts are the same to every level of complexity, from atoms to populations of animals or people, and galaxies. Hence, an element may be homogeneous on a larger scale and this is known as an effective medium approach, or effective medium approximations. Various disciplines understand heterogeneity, or being heterogeneous, in different ways, heterogeneous solids, liquids, and gases may be made homogeneous by melting, stirring, or by allowing time to pass for diffusion to distribute the molecules evenly. For example, adding dye to water will create a solution at first. Entropy allows for heterogeneous substances to become homogeneous over time, a heterogeneous mixture is a mixture of two or more compounds. Examples are, mixtures of sand and water or sand and iron filings, a rock, water and oil, a salad, trail mix. A mixture can be determined to be homogeneous when everything is settled and equal, various models have been proposed to model the concentrations in different phases. The phenomena to be considered are mass rates and reaction, homogeneous reactions are chemical reactions in which the reactants and products are in the same phase, while heterogeneous reactions have reactants in two or more phases. Reactions that take place on the surface of a catalyst of a different phase are also heterogeneous, a reaction between two gases or two miscible liquids is homogeneous. A reaction between a gas and a liquid, a gas and a solid or a liquid and a solid is heterogeneous, earth is a heterogeneous substance in many aspects. E. g. rocks are inherently heterogeneous, usually occurring at the micro-scale and mini-scale, in algebra, homogeneous polynomials have the same number of factors of a given kind. This can cause problems in attempts to summarize the meaning of the studies, in medicine and genetics, a genetic or allelic heterogeneous condition is one where the same disease or condition can be caused, or contributed to, by several factors. In the case of genetics, varying different genes or alleles, in cancer research, cancer cell heterogeneity is thought to be one of the underlying reasons that make treatment of cancer difficult. In physics, heterogeneous is understood to mean having physical properties that vary within the medium, in sociology, heterogeneous may refer to a society or group that includes individuals of differing ethnicities, cultural backgrounds, sexes, or ages. Academic Press Dictionary of Science and Technology
27.
Singing
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Singing is the act of producing musical sounds with the voice, and augments regular speech by the use of sustained tonality, rhythm, and a variety of vocal techniques. A person who sings is called a singer or vocalist, Singers perform music that can be sung with or without accompaniment by musical instruments. Singing is often done in an ensemble of musicians, such as a choir of singers or a band of instrumentalists, Singers may perform as soloists, or accompanied by anything from a single instrument up to a symphony orchestra or big band. Singing can be formal or informal, arranged or improvised and it may be done as a form of religious devotion, as a hobby, as a source of pleasure, comfort, or ritual, as part of music education, or as a profession. Excellence in singing requires time, dedication, instruction, and regular practice, if practice is done on a regular basis then the sounds can become more clear and strong. Professional singers usually build their careers around one specific genre, such as classical or rock. They typically take voice training provided by teachers or vocal coaches throughout their careers. Though these four mechanisms function independently, they are coordinated in the establishment of a vocal technique and are made to interact upon one another. During passive breathing, air is inhaled with the diaphragm while exhalation occurs without any effort, exhalation may be aided by the abdominal, internal intercostal and lower pelvis/pelvic muscles. Inhalation is aided by use of external intercostals, scalenes and sternocleidomastoid muscles, the pitch is altered with the vocal cords. With the lips closed, this is called humming, humans have vocal folds which can loosen, tighten, or change their thickness, and over which breath can be transferred at varying pressures. The shape of the chest and neck, the position of the tongue, any one of these actions results in a change in pitch, volume, timbre, or tone of the sound produced. Sound also resonates within different parts of the body and an individuals size, Singers can also learn to project sound in certain ways so that it resonates better within their vocal tract. This is known as vocal resonation, another major influence on vocal sound and production is the function of the larynx which people can manipulate in different ways to produce different sounds. These different kinds of function are described as different kinds of vocal registers. The primary method for singers to accomplish this is through the use of the Singers Formant and it has also been shown that a more powerful voice may be achieved with a fatter and fluid-like vocal fold mucosa. The more pliable the mucosa, the more efficient the transfer of energy from the airflow to the vocal folds, Vocal registration refers to the system of vocal registers within the voice. A register in the voice is a series of tones, produced in the same vibratory pattern of the vocal folds
28.
Unrequited love
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Unrequited love or one-sided love is love that is not openly reciprocated or understood as such by the beloved. The beloved may not be aware of the deep and strong romantic affection. The Merriam Webster Online Dictionary defines unrequited as not reciprocated or returned in kind. Psychiatrist Eric Berne states in his book Sex in Human Loving that Some say that love is better than none. Others, however, like the philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche, considered that indispensable. to the lover is his unrequited love and it can also be contrasted with redamancy or the act of reciprocal love. According to Dr. Roy Baumeister, what makes a man or woman desirable, of course, is a complex and highly personal mix of many qualities, according to some psychologists, opposites do attract, but it is not possible to attract those whose moral values are different. The inability of the lover to express and fulfill emotional needs may lead to feelings such as depression, low self-esteem, anxiety. There are two bad sides to unrequited love, but only one is made familiar by our culture - that of the lover, not the rejector. In fact, research suggests that the object of unrequited affection experiences a variety of emotions on a par with those of the suitor, including anxiety, frustration. As Freud long since pointed out, when a woman sues for love, to reject, unrequited love has been a frequent subject in popular culture. Movies, books and songs often portray the would-be lovers persistence as paying off when the comes to his or her senses. The presence of this makes it easy to understand why an unrequited lover persists in the face of rejection. Platonic friendships provide a fertile soil for unrequited love, the comics strip Peanuts features multiple different characters engaged in unrequited love relationships. Commenting on the abundance of unrequited love in the series, author Charles Schulz said that he doesnt know why there is so much unrequited love, unrequited love has long been depicted as noble, an unselfish and stoic willingness to accept suffering. Eric Berne considered that the man who is loved by a woman is lucky indeed, how much greater is Dante gazing at Beatrice than Beatrice walking by him in apparent disdain. Roman poet Ovid in his Remedia Amoris provides advice on how to overcome inappropriate or unrequited love, the solutions offered include travel, teetotalism, bucolic pursuits, and ironically, avoidance of love poets. Dorothy Tennov has suggested that the cure for being in love is to get indisputable evidence that the target of ones love is not interested. In the wake of his experiences with Maud Gonne, in a further twist
29.
Music journalism
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Music journalism is media criticism and reporting about popular music topics, including pop music, rock music, and related styles. Journalists began writing music in the eighteenth century, providing commentary on what is now thought of as classical music. An influential English 19th-century music critic, for example, was James William Davison of The Times, the composer Hector Berlioz also wrote reviews and criticisms for the Paris press of the 1830s and 1840s. The 1840s could be considered a point, in that music critics after the 1840s generally were not also practicing musicians. However, counterexamples include Alfred Brendel, Charles Rosen, Paul Hindemith, in the early 1980s, a decline in the quantity of classical criticism began occurring when classical-music criticism visibly started to disappear from the media. Also of concern in classical music journalism was how American reviewers can write about ethnic and folk music from other than their own, such as Indian ragas. The performers be treated as human beings and their music be treated as human activity rather than a mystical or mysterious phenomenon, the review should show an understanding of the musics cultural backgrounds and intentions. A key finding in a 2005 study of journalism in America was that the profile of the average classical music critic is a white, 52-year old male. Demographics indicated that the group was 74% male, 92% white, davis, one of the most respected voices of the craft, said he had been forced out after 26 years. Music writers only started treating pop and rock music seriously in 1964 after the breakthrough of the Beatles, one of the early music magazines in Britain, Melody Maker, complained in 1967 about how newspapers and magazines are continually hammering pop music. Melody Maker magazine advocated the new forms of pop music of the late 1960s, by 1999, the quality press was regularly carrying reviews of popular music gigs and albums, which had a key role in keeping pop in the public eye. As more pop music critics began writing, this had the effect of legitimating pop as an art form, as a result, in the world of pop music criticism, there has tended to be a quick turnover. In the realm of music, as in that of classical music. Frank Zappa declared that, Most rock journalism is people who cant write, interviewing people who cant talk, in the 2000s, online music bloggers began to supplement, and to some degree displace, music journalists in print media. In 2006, Martin Edlund of the New York Sun criticized the trend, arguing that while the Internet has democratized music criticism, slate magazine writer Jody Rosen discussed the 2000s-era trends in pop music criticism in his article The Perils of Poptimism. Rosen noted that much of the debate is centered on a perception that rock critics regard rock as normative … the standard state of popular music … to which everything else is compared. At a 2006 pop critic conference, attendees discussed their guilty pop pleasures, reconsidering musicians and genres which rock critics have dismissed as lightweight. Rosen stated that this new paradigm is called popism — or, more evocatively
30.
Billboard 200
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The Billboard 200 is a record chart ranking the 200 most popular music albums and EPs in the United States, published weekly by Billboard magazine. It is frequently used to convey the popularity of an artist or groups of artists, often, a recording act will be remembered by its number ones, those of their albums that outperformed all others during at least one week. The chart is based mostly on sales of albums in the United States, the weekly sales period was originally Monday to Sunday when Nielsen started tracking sales in 1991, but since July 2015, tracking week begins on Friday and ends on Thursday. A new chart is published the following Tuesday with an issue post-dated to the Saturday of the following week, the charts streaming schedule is also tracked from Friday to Thursday. Example, Friday January 1 – sales tracking week begins Thursday January 7 – sales tracking week ends Tuesday January 12 – new chart published, New product is released to the American market on Fridays. Digital downloads of albums are included in Billboard 200 tabulation. Albums that are not licensed for sale in the United States are not eligible to chart. As of the issue dated April 15,2017, the album on the Billboard 200 is More Life by Drake. Billboard began an album chart in 1945, initially only five positions long, the album chart was not published on a weekly basis, sometimes three to seven weeks passing before it was updated. A biweekly, 15-position Best-Selling Popular Albums chart appeared in 1955, the position count varied anywhere from 10 to 30 albums. The first number-one album on the new weekly list was Belafonte by Harry Belafonte, the chart was renamed to Best-Selling Pop Albums later in 1956, and then to Best-Selling Pop LPs in 1957. Beginning on May 25,1959, Billboard split the ranking into two charts Best-Selling Stereophonic LPs for stereo albums and Best-Selling Monophonic LPs for mono albums and these were renamed to Stereo Action Charts and Mono Action Charts in 1960. In January 1961, they became Action Albums—Stereophonic and Action Albums—Monophonic, three months later, they became Top LPs—Stereo and Top LPs—Monaural. On August 17,1963 the stereo and mono charts were combined into a 150-position chart called Top LPs, on April 1,1967, the chart was expanded to 175 positions, then finally to 200 positions on May 13,1967. In 1960, Billboard began concurrently publishing album charts which ranked sales of older or mid-priced titles and these Essential Inventory charts were divided by stereo and mono albums, and featured titles that had already appeared on the main stereo and mono album charts. In January 1961, the Action Charts became Action Albums—Monophonic, Albums appeared on either chart for up to nine weeks, then were moved to an Essential Inventory list of approximately 200 titles, with no numerical ranking. This list continued to be published until the consolidated Top LPs chart debuted in 1963, in 1982, Billboard began publishing a Midline Albums chart which ranked older or mid-priced titles. The chart held 50 positions and was published on a bi-weekly basis, on May 25,1991, Billboard premiered the Top Pop Catalog Albums chart
31.
Danity Kane
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Danity Kane was an American girl group comprising members Aubrey ODay, Wanita D. Woods Woodgett, Shannon Bex, Dawn Richard and Aundrea Fimbres. Formed on the third iteration of MTVs Making the Band reality television series in 2005 and their second studio album, Welcome to the Dollhouse, was released in 2008, following the release of their second top 10 single Damaged. The band became the first female group in Billboard history to debut their first two albums at the top of the charts. Despite initial success, tension in the led to a meeting with Diddy where, in the October 2008 finale episode of Making the Band 4, he removed ODay. The three remaining members of the group carried on with previously scheduled promotional events before officially disbanding in early 2009, all group members were ultimately released from their contracts with Bad Boy Records later within the year. On August 8,2014, after a fight in the studio between members ODay and Richard, ODay and Bex announced publicly that Danity Kane had disbanded again. In 2004, producer Sean Combs returned with Making the Band 3, when seven women remained, Combs became discontent with the level of talent remaining in the competition and decided not to form a band. He did, however, feel three contestants deserved another chance, including then-best friends Aubrey ODay and Aundrea Fimbres, whose close bond originally formed early in the season, the three contestants became the first to appear in season 2 of the show. At the start of the season, Combs once again pressed his team to audition new young women for the group. Finally,20 young women were chosen and moved into a loft in New York City, viewers had become invested in ODay and Fimbress friendship, naming them the AUs and Aubrea, as they watched the two compete all over again for positions in the group. As the competitions challenges increased, their friendship seemed to become the foundation upon which the group was being built, in addition, ODay emerged as the shows breakout star. The finalists were sent home for three months, told to polish up, and return for the stretch in November 2005. On the second seasons finale, on Monday, November 15,2005, five of the 11 remaining contestants were chosen, ODay first, Wanita D. Woods Woodgett second, Shannon Bex third, Dawn Richard fourth, and Fimbres last. The third season of Making the Band 3 tracked the development, the group would later be featured on the second and third seasons of Making the Band 4 with new male R&B group Day26, as well as new solo artist Donnie Klang. After months of recording, the bands self-titled debut album was released to mixed reviews on August 22,2006 in the United States. It debuted at one on the U. S. Billboard 200 albums chart, knocking veteran Christina Aguileras Back to Basics from the top spot. The album received a certification from the RIAA in November 2006. Outside the United States, the became a top-30 success in Germany
32.
Welcome to the Dollhouse (album)
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Welcome to the Dollhouse is the second studio album by American R&B/pop group Danity Kane, released by Bad Boy and Atlantic Records on March 18,2008 in the US and March 25,2008 in Canada. It became the second consecutive album to debut at #1 on the Billboard 200 chart. For this album, all of the girls had written and/or produced some kind of song, that they thought was suitable for their second effort. As mentioned in interviews, Danity Kane has stated that came up with the name of the album when they all had brought in their own material into the studio to see which tracks would make the cut. They also expressed, that it felt as if they were in a music box, each of the girls, also, were given chances to co-write a handful of the tracks that are on the record. The albums lead single, Damaged, was chosen through a fan poll. In January 2008, Danity Kane had posted a bulletin on their respective MySpace page expressing that they were giving their fans the chance to choose their newest single, fans were given two choices, Damaged and Pretty Boy. Of the two choices, Damaged dominated the poll by a vast majority, and thus, became the single from Welcome to the Dollhouse. The single Damaged debuted on the Billboard Hot 100 Singles chart at #64, erik White directed and Gil Duldulao choreographed the music video for Bad Girl. The video featured cameos from Missy Elliott, Qwanell Mosley from their fellow Bad Boy Records band Day26, and Talan Torriero of the MTV show Laguna Beach. This is their last single as a group before their early 2009 breakup, Welcome to the Dollhouse debuted on top of the US Billboard 200, with first week sales of 236,000 copies making it the bands second consecutive #1 album. Danity Kane is the first female group in Billboard history to have both their debut and second albums enter the charts at #1. Less than a month after its release, Welcome to the Dollhouse was certified gold by the RIAA as of April 22,2008, on September 28,2008, the album had sold over 546,790 copies in the US. Billboards weekly release of its popular Top 200 Albums, known as the Billboard 200, Welcome to the Dollhouse landed at #75 on the year end Billboard 200. The group intended to open for Janet Jacksons Rock Witchu Tour for promotion, produced and arranged by, ^ Backing vocals by Mary Brown. ^ Vocals produced and arranged by Mary Brown, ^ Vocals produced by Mary Brown. Addition vocal production by Harve Pierre, ^ Addition vocal production by Adonis and Voyce Alexander. ^ Vocal production by Tiff Star and Jim Beanz, ^ Vocal production by Harve Pierre and Shannon Lawrence
33.
Danity Kane (album)
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According to Soundscan, the album has sold over 935,000 copies to date. In early 2007, it was certified Platinum for over one million copies shipped domestically, the album is currently Danity Kanes best-selling album. The bands debut single from the album was Show Stopper with Yung Joc. The song was followed by the successful ballad, Ride for You. The label wanted to release Hold Me Down as the third single, further singles were cancelled and Danity Kane returned to the studio in 2007 to record new material for their sophomore album
34.
Take Me Home Tour (One Direction)
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The Take Me Home Tour was the second headlining concert tour by British-Irish boy band. Announced by member Liam Payne at the 2012 BRIT Awards in early 2012, in mid-2012, the concert tour expanded with legs in North America and Australia following the bands international breakthrough. The concert tour visited arenas and stadiums from February through November 2013, the concert tour commenced at Londons O2 Arena on 23 February 2013. The tour was documented in the film One Direction, This Is Us directed by Morgan Spurlock, the Take Me Home Tour was commercially successful, with sold-out shows and demand for tickets prompting organisers to add more dates to the itinerary. The concert tour consisted of over 100 shows in Australia, Asia, Europe, in the UK and Ireland, ticket sales reached 1,000 within a day of release, which included a six-date sell out at the O2 Arena in London. In Australian and New Zealand markets, tickets grossed US$15.7 million, with all 190,000 tickets being sold for eighteen shows held in Australia, the tour placed at number 10 on Pollstars Year-End Top 20 Worldwide Tours list, grossing $114 million from the 129 shows. On 21 February 2012, One Direction attended the 2012 BRIT Awards at which they received the Best British Single award for their debut single What Makes You Beautiful, during One Directions acceptance speech, member Liam Payne stated that they would embark on their first arena concert tour. Reports soon followed that the tour would consist of fifteen dates across the UK, One Directions official website confirmed the dates, with tickets to be made available on 25 February. On 11 January 2013, the announced the North American leg as a part of a 2013 World Tour. Tickets for the North American leg of the series went on sale 21 April 2012, at Ticketmaster. com. Group member Niall Horan said in a statement released to MTV News, the support they have shown us has been incredible and were all so grateful to each and every one of them. We cant wait to see everyone this summer, at Madison Square Garden, on 18 April 2012, the Australasian leg was announced. The leg was set to begin in Brisbane on 13 September 2013 and visit Sydney, Melbourne, the tour then returned to the east coast for five additional shows before travelling to New Zealand for three shows. Tickets for the Australasian leg went on sale on 28 April 2012, except for the Perth dates, in June 2012, continental European dates were reported to be in the process of being added and were confirmed on 29 October 2012. The continental European dates compromises of shows in France, Norway, Sweden, Germany, Belgium, tickets went on sale between 2 and 5 November 2012, depending on the venue. Having initially announced 15 shows across the UK and Ireland, the added extra shows around the UK and Ireland due to high demand. One Direction announced the shows on their Twitter page throughout the morning after the initial dates went on sale. British ticket sales reached 300,000 within a day of release, the original dates sold out within minutes—with 1,000 tickets selling per minute, with two or three extra dates having been added at each city
35.
Sweden
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Sweden, officially the Kingdom of Sweden, is a Scandinavian country in Northern Europe. It borders Norway to the west and Finland to the east, at 450,295 square kilometres, Sweden is the third-largest country in the European Union by area, with a total population of 10.0 million. Sweden consequently has a low density of 22 inhabitants per square kilometre. Approximately 85% of the lives in urban areas. Germanic peoples have inhabited Sweden since prehistoric times, emerging into history as the Geats/Götar and Swedes/Svear, Southern Sweden is predominantly agricultural, while the north is heavily forested. Sweden is part of the area of Fennoscandia. The climate is in very mild for its northerly latitude due to significant maritime influence. Today, Sweden is a monarchy and parliamentary democracy, with a monarch as head of state. The capital city is Stockholm, which is also the most populous city in the country, legislative power is vested in the 349-member unicameral Riksdag. Executive power is exercised by the government chaired by the prime minister, Sweden is a unitary state, currently divided into 21 counties and 290 municipalities. Sweden emerged as an independent and unified country during the Middle Ages, in the 17th century, it expanded its territories to form the Swedish Empire, which became one of the great powers of Europe until the early 18th century. Swedish territories outside the Scandinavian Peninsula were gradually lost during the 18th and 19th centuries, the last war in which Sweden was directly involved was in 1814, when Norway was militarily forced into personal union. Since then, Sweden has been at peace, maintaining a policy of neutrality in foreign affairs. The union with Norway was peacefully dissolved in 1905, leading to Swedens current borders, though Sweden was formally neutral through both world wars, Sweden engaged in humanitarian efforts, such as taking in refugees from German-occupied Europe. After the end of the Cold War, Sweden joined the European Union on 1 January 1995 and it is also a member of the United Nations, the Nordic Council, Council of Europe, the World Trade Organization and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Sweden maintains a Nordic social welfare system that provides health care. The modern name Sweden is derived through back-formation from Old English Swēoþēod and this word is derived from Sweon/Sweonas. The Swedish name Sverige literally means Realm of the Swedes, excluding the Geats in Götaland, the etymology of Swedes, and thus Sweden, is generally not agreed upon but may derive from Proto-Germanic Swihoniz meaning ones own, referring to ones own Germanic tribe
36.
Niall Horan
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Niall James Horan is an Irish singer-songwriter and guitarist, best known as a member of the boy band One Direction. In 2010, Horan auditioned as a solo artist for the series of the British televised singing competition The X Factor. The five-piece band made it to the final and finished in third place, even though they did not win, One Direction was signed by Simon Cowell to a reported £2 million Syco record contract. In the latter, he played guitar. M. Temporary Fix and Never Enough for the fifth album Made in the A. M. He released his first single as a solo artist, This Town, Niall James Horan was born on 13 September 1993 in Mullingar, Ireland. His parents, Bobby Horan and Maura Gallagher, divorced when he was five years old, so he and they later decided to move definitely with their father. He attended St. Kennys National School primary school and, as a teen, Coláiste Mhuire, a Catholic boys school which are both located in or near Mullingar. Horan started playing guitar when his brother got one for Christmas but failed to play it, so Horan started to play with it and his aunt discovered his talent one day when she was in the car with Niall as he started singing. She originally thought the radio was on, as a teenager he performed at the Mullingar Arts Centre. He was also bagging a support slot with former X Factor contestant Lloyd Daniels at the famous Academy club in Dublin, in 2010, at sixteen years old, Niall auditioned for the seventh series of The X Factor in Dublin. He sang So Sick, and received mixed comments from the judges, Louis Walsh was in his favour, but Cheryl Cole and guest judge Katy Perry, felt he needed some time to grow. Simon voted to let him through, Cheryl said no, and Louis quickly added in his yes and she decided to vote yes, and Niall was put through to bootcamp. At bootcamp, Niall sang Champagne Supernova, but failed to qualify for the Boys category, Niall, along with Harry Styles, Liam Payne, Louis Tomlinson and Zayn Malik, formed One Direction. Styles came up with the name, which he thought would sound good when announcer Peter Dickson read their name out on the live shows. Subsequently, the group got together for two weeks to get to each other and to practice. For their qualifying song at judges houses and their first song as a group, Simon Cowell later commented that the performance convinced him that the group were confident, fun, like a gang of friends, and kind of fearless as well. Within the first four weeks of the shows, they were Cowells last act in the competition
37.
McFly
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McFly is an English pop rock band formed in London in 2003. The band consists of Tom Fletcher, Danny Jones, Dougie Poynter and they were signed to Island Records from their 2004 launch until December 2007, before creating their own label, Super Records. McFly rose to fame after fellow band Busted helped launch them by inviting them to tour in 2004, in 2005, they won the Brit Award for Best British Pop Act. A month after the album was released, the band had their first UK headlining tour, the bands second album, Wonderland, which was released in 2005, also charted at number 1 in the UK making them the youngest band to have topped the UK album charts twice. Their third album, Motion in the Ocean, was released on 6 November 2006, McFly released their All the Greatest Hits compilation album on 5 November 2007, which charted at number 4 in the UK. The bands fourth album, Radio, Active, was given away for free as a supplement in the Mail on Sunday on 20 July 2008. Fifth album Above the Noise was released in November 2010 and charted at number 20, as of 2016, McFly have had 18 consecutive UK top 20 singles, seven of which reached number one in the UK Singles Chart and seventeen of which were consecutive top ten singles. The band have currently, based on BPI certifications, sold a minimum of 1.5 million records in the UK alone, in 2006, McFly appeared as themselves in the film Just My Luck, starring Lindsay Lohan and Chris Pine. They released a US album, Just My Luck, which was used as the films soundtrack. They have also performed at various charity projects such as Comic Relief, Children in Need, Live 8, Sport Relief, in November 2013, it was announced that McFly would be joining forces with Busted to form the supergroup McBusted. They played a 34-date tour with both Busted and McFly songs, the only member of the original groups not to participate in the new lineup was former Busted singer Charlie Simpson. After Simpsons return to Busted in November 2015, McFly made a return, in 2001, Tom Fletcher auditioned for Busted, but lost out on the place to Charlie Simpson. Fletcher was originally accepted as part of Busteds line-up, but Island Records went on to reassess the situation, while writing Busteds second album, A Present for Everyone, Fletcher was asked by the record label if he was available to film auditions for a new band, V. Fletcher was impressed with Jones unique style and so approached and invited him to write with himself, bassist Dougie Poynter and drummer Harry Judd were subsequently recruited via a classified advertisement in the NME magazine. McFlys early sound was surf/pop rock and their debut single,5 Colours in Her Hair, released 29 March 2004, entered the UK Singles Chart at number 1 in April 2004 and stayed there the following week. In July 2004 their second single, Obviously, also topped the charts and this was followed by the album Room on the 3rd Floor debuting at number 1 in the UK Albums Chart. It would go on to be certified platinum by the British Phonographic Industry. The idea for the name came from where Jones and Fletcher wrote most of the songs for the album
38.
Tom Fletcher
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Thomas Tom Michael Fletcher is an English singer-songwriter, guitarist, childrens author and YouTube vlogger. Among his accomplishments, he is one of the vocalists and guitarists of English pop rock band McFly, in addition to being the groups founder. However, he carried on writing with the band. In his thirteen-year career as a songwriter, Fletcher has penned ten UK number one singles. He is credited as having written songs for bands including One Direction, Busted, Fletcher released his first childrens book in 2012. Co-written with band-mate Dougie Poynter, The Dinosaur that Pooped Christmas sold over 72,000 copies, Fletcher has released his first solo novel, The Christmasaurus, on 6 October 2016. Fletcher was born in Harrow, London and his father, Bob Fletcher, who worked at Kodak and played in local bands, and his mother, Debbie Fletcher, a special needs teacher, encouraged and supported his love of music from a young age. He attended a music school, Sylvia Young Theatre School in London, where, at age 13, he met Giovanna Falcone. When he was 10, Fletcher starred as the role in Oliver. At the London Palladium alongside Jim Dale as Fagin and he then went on to do a documentary about HIV for schools and starred in a commercial. In 1995, Fletcher made a appearance in the video to the Mike + The Mechanics song Over My Shoulder. When Fletcher was a schoolchild, he was schoolmates with Busted bassist Matt Willis, at a very young age, Fletcher began writing music commercially. He has since stated that it was Bourne who taught him how to structure songs. During the writing project for Busteds second album A Present for Everyone, Fletcher was asked by the label if he was available to film auditions for a new band. Fletcher was impressed with Joness style, and invited him to write with him, during this time together Fletcher and Jones wrote most of their first album, Room on the 3rd Floor. Bassist Dougie Poynter and drummer Harry Judd were subsequently recruited via a classified advertisement, Fletcher came up with the idea to name the band after Marty McFly, the main character from his favorite film Back to the Future. McFly then rose to fame after Busted helped launch them by inviting them to be the act on their tour in March 2004. In 2004, McFly made it into the Guinness Book of World Records, Fletcher has written the majority of McFlys songs with Jones and Poynter, with occasional contributions by Judd, Bourne has also assisted with songwriting on occasions
39.
Ed Sheeran
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Edward Christopher Ed Sheeran is an English singer-songwriter and record producer. He was born in Halifax, West Yorkshire, and raised in Framlingham and he attended the Academy of Contemporary Music in Guildford, Surrey, as an undergraduate from the age of 18 in autumn 2009. In early 2011, Sheeran independently released the play, No.5 Collaborations Project. After signing with Asylum Records, his album, +, was released on 9 September 2011 and has since been certified seven-times platinum in the UK. The album contains the single The A Team, which earned him the Ivor Novello Award for Best Song Musically and Lyrically, in 2012, Sheeran won the Brit Awards for Best British Male Solo Artist and British Breakthrough Act. Sheerans popularity abroad began in 2012, in the US, he made a guest appearance on Taylor Swifts fourth studio album, Red. The A Team was nominated for Song of the Year at the 2013 Grammy Awards and he spent much of 2013 opening for Swifts The Red Tour in North America dates. In late 2013, he performed three shows at New Yorks Madison Square Garden as a headline act. His second studio album, x, was released on 23 June 2014 and it peaked at number one in the UK and the US. In 2015, x won the Brit Award for Album of the Year and his single from x, Thinking Out Loud, earned him two Grammy Awards at the 2016 ceremony, Song of the Year and Best Pop Solo Performance. As part of his tour, Sheeran played three sold-out concerts at Londons Wembley Stadium in July 2015, his biggest solo shows to date. Sheerans third album, ÷, was released in March 2017, the album debuted at number one in the UK, the US and other major markets. He also became the first artist to have two songs debut in the US top 10 in the same week, Sheeran appeared on Debretts 2017 list of the most influential people in the UK. Sheeran was born in Halifax, West Yorkshire, and moved with his family to Framlingham in Suffolk when he was a child and he has an older brother named Matthew, who works as a composer. Their parents, John and Imogen, are London-born and his paternal grandparents were Irish, and Sheeran has stated his father hailed from a very large Catholic family. John is an art curator and lecturer, and Imogen is a culture publicist turned jewellery designer and his parents ran Sheeran Lock, an independent art consultancy, from 1990 to 2010. Their work usually took them to London, and they spent their weekends travelling with their children, Sheerans early childhood memories include listening to the records of Bob Dylan and Eric Clapton. According to Sheeran, the album that first introduced him to music was Van Morrisons Irish Heartbeat, during his childhood, John took him to a number of live concerts that would later inspire his musical creations
40.
The Independent
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The Independent is a British online newspaper. The printed edition of the paper ceased in March 2016, nicknamed the Indy, it began as a broadsheet newspaper, but changed to tabloid format in 2003. Until September 2011, the paper described itself on the banner at the top of every newspaper as free from party political bias and it tends to take a pro-market stance on economic issues. The daily edition was named National Newspaper of the Year at the 2004 British Press Awards. In June 2015, it had a daily circulation of just below 58,000,85 per cent down from its 1990 peak. On 12 February 2016, it was announced that The Independent, the last print edition of The Independent on Sunday was published on 20 March 2016, with the main paper ceasing print publication the following Saturday. Launched in 1986, the first issue of The Independent was published on 7 October in broadsheet format and it was produced by Newspaper Publishing plc and created by Andreas Whittam Smith, Stephen Glover and Matthew Symonds. All three partners were former journalists at The Daily Telegraph who had left the paper towards the end of Lord Hartwells ownership, marcus Sieff was the first chairman of Newspaper Publishing, and Whittam Smith took control of the paper. The paper was created at a time of a change in British newspaper publishing. Rupert Murdoch was challenging long-accepted practices of the print unions and ultimately defeated them in the Wapping dispute, consequently, production costs could be reduced which, it was said at the time, created openings for more competition. As a result of controversy around Murdochs move to Wapping, the plant was effectively having to function under siege from sacked print workers picketing outside, the Independent attracted some of the staff from the two Murdoch broadsheets who had chosen not to move to his companys new headquarters. Launched with the advertising slogan It is, and challenging both The Guardian for centre-left readers and The Times as the newspaper of record, The Independent reached a circulation of over 400,000 by 1989. Competing in a market, The Independent sparked a general freshening of newspaper design as well as, within a few years. Some aspects of production merged with the paper, although the Sunday paper retained a largely distinct editorial staff. It featured spoofs of the other papers mastheads with the words The Rupert Murdoch or The Conrad Black, a number of other media companies were interested in the paper. Tony OReillys media group and Mirror Group Newspapers had bought a stake of about a third each by mid-1994, in March 1995, Newspaper Publishing was restructured with a rights issue, splitting the shareholding into OReillys Independent News & Media, MGN, and Prisa. In April 1996, there was another refinancing, and in March 1998, OReilly bought the other 54% of the company for £30 million, brendan Hopkins headed Independent News, Andrew Marr was appointed editor of The Independent, and Rosie Boycott became editor of The Independent on Sunday. Marr introduced a dramatic if short-lived redesign which won critical favour but was a commercial failure, Marr admitted his changes had been a mistake in his book, My Trade
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Simon Cowell
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Simon Phillip Cowell is an English reality television judge and producer, entrepreneur, and philanthropist. Cowell is the founder and chief executive of the British entertainment company Syco. As a judge, Cowell often makes blunt and controversial comments, including insults and wisecracks about contestants and he combines activities in both the television and music industries. Cowell has produced and promoted singles and albums for various singers that he has taken under his wing and he was most recently featured on the tenth series of Britains Got Talent and the thirteenth series of UKs The X Factor. In 2004 and 2010, Time named Cowell one of the 100 most influential people in the world, in 2008 The Daily Telegraph ranked him sixth in their list of the 100 most powerful people in British culture. Simon Phillip Cowell was born on 7 October 1959 in Lambeth, London and his mother, Julie Brett, was a ballet dancer and socialite, and his father, Eric Selig Phillip Cowell, Sr. was an estate agent developer and music industry executive. Cowells father was from a mostly Jewish family, though he did not discuss his background with his children, Cowells mother was from a Christian background, and was of English descent. He has a brother, Nicholas Cowell, three half-brothers, John, Tony, and Michael Cowell, and a half-sister, June Cowell. Cowell attended Radlett Preparatory School and the independent Dover College as did his brother and he passed English Language and Literature, and then attended Windsor Technical College where he gained another GCE in Sociology. However, after failing to get a promotion, he left to try out other jobs before returning to EMI, in the early 1980s, he left EMI to form E&S Music with his former boss at EMI, but quit in 1983. He then formed Fanfare Records with Iain Burton, initially selling exercise videos and he had his first hit song in 1986 with So Macho by Sinitta, success also came through Stock Aitken Waterman who produced a number of hits in the 1980s. However, in 1989, the company went under and Simon Cowell nearly became bankrupt, Simon Cowell then found a job with BMG as an A&R consultant, and set up S Records under BMG. He restarted his career in the business by creating novelty records with acts such as the puppets Zig and Zag, Power Rangers. The recording by the duo, now named Robson & Jerome, quickly reached number 1 in the UK and it became the best selling single of 1995, and their self-titled album released later in the year also became the best-selling album of 1995. They would release an album and 2 more singles before quitting, selling 7 million albums and 5 million singles in total. According to Cowell, they made him his first million, later acts he signed included Five, Westlife and Teletubbies. He also became a judge on the first season of American Idol in 2002, with his notoriously critical reputation, Cowell is likened to TV personalities such as Judith Sheindlin, and Anne Robinson of her show. Cowells prominence grew, fed by his phrase, I dont mean to be rude
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