The Dunwich Horror (film)
The Dunwich Horror is a 1970 American independent supernatural horror film from American International Pictures directed by Daniel Haller and produced by Roger Corman. The film was based on the short story of the same name by H. P. Lovecraft with a script co-written by Curtis Hanson; the leading role was offered to Peter Fonda. Instead, Dean Stockwell played the role of Wilbur Whateley; the film was shot in California. A woman groans and writhes with the pain of childbirth in a bedroom from a bygone era as two elderly women - who appear to be twins - and an elderly man watch, she is led out of the room by the elderly man. At the Miskatonic University in Arkham, Massachusetts, Dr. Henry Armitage has just finished a lecture on the local history and the rare and priceless book known as the Necronomicon, he gives the book to his student Nancy Wagner to return to the library. She is followed by a stranger, who introduces himself as Wilbur Whateley. Wilbur asks to see the book, though it is closing time and the book is reputedly the only copy in existence, Nancy allows it under the influence of his hypnotic gaze.
Wilbur's perusal of the book is cut short by Henry, who has researched Wilbur's family's sordid past. His warnings about the Whateley's go unheeded by Nancy, who decides to give Wilbur a ride back to Dunwich after he misses his bus purposely. At a gas station on the outskirts of town, Nancy first encounters the ill-esteem in which the locals hold Wilbur. Once back at the Whateley house, she meets Wilbur's grandfather, her car is disabled and she is drugged by Wilbur. She decides under the influence of hypnosis and drugs to spend the weekend, does not change her mind when Henry and Nancy's classmate Elizabeth arrive from Arkham the next morning; the duo does not abandon Nancy, however. They investigate further and discover that Wilbur's mother, Lavinia, is still alive and in an asylum; the town doctor, Dr. Cory informs Henry that Lavinia delivered twins when Wilbur was born, but one was stillborn, though he was not there for the delivery and never saw the body; the childbirth was traumatic and Lavinia "lost her mind" during it, nearly died.
In the meantime, on the advice of the locals, Elizabeth enters the Whateley house looking for Nancy. She opens a locked door, releases a creature which appears to be Wilbur's monstrous twin, who kills her and escapes. Upon Wilbur and Nancy's return, Old Whateley confronts them about the presence of Nancy's car, in the ensuing argument, falls down the stairs and dies. Wilbur takes him to the local cemetery for a decidedly non-Christian burial, but the local townsfolk vociferously stop him. Wilbur's twin runs amok in Dunwich. Lavinia dies in the asylum; the Whateley estate burns down in a conflagration. At the top of a coastal cliff, Wilbur prepares Nancy for sacrifice to bring back what he calls "The Old Ones." Confronted by Armitage, Wilbur chants and calls down his demon father as his adversary chants reverse spells. Wilbur falls in a ball of fire into the sea; the physically unharmed Nancy is escorted off the sacrificial altar by Armitage and Cory, who calm her by stating that the Whateley line has ended.
Nancy is pregnant with Wilbur's ill-conceived child. American International Pictures announced filming the novel in 1963. Sandra Dee was paid $65,000 plus 5% of the profits; this was the last film of actor Ed Begley. The film was released on DVD by MGM on August 28, 2001, it was re-released again by the company as a part of a multi-disk set on September 11, 2001 and as a double feature with Die, Die! on September 20, 2005. On Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 17% based on 6 reviews, with a weighted average rating of 4.5/10. Author and film critic Leonard Maltin awarded the film 2.5 out of 4 stars, stating that the film was "often effective", but stated that the film's ending "ruined the whole movie". Dennis Schwartz from Ozus' World Movie Reviews gave the film a grade C, commending the film's eerie atmosphere, but criticized its uneven presentation, found the film to be "dull and uninspiring". AllMovie gave the film a mixed review stating " Everything about the film -- the performers, the hair styles, the psychedelic imagery, the music -- has late-'60s tackiness written all over it, which leaves it dated and not Lovecraftian".
TV Guide awarded the film 2/4 stars, calling it " successful attempt at adapting H. P. Lovecraft for the screen."Ain't It Cool News gave the film a mixed review, commending the film's first half and Stockwell's performance, but criticized the second half being cheesy, not well written, with the final confrontation being silly. On his website Fantastic Movie Musings and Ramblings, Dave Sindelar stated that he disliked the changes to the film that departed from the original story, criticized the performances, underdeveloped characters. Sindelar highlighted the handling of the film's monster as being effective and the only aspect he liked about the film. Shawn Handling from HorrorNews.net offered similar criticism, commending the first and second half, as well as the music and sound effects, but criticized the film's ending as'being rushed and thrown together'. In spite of this, Handling admitted that the film wasn't bad, felt that it was "a decent enough movie for 1970". Another film version, produced by Active Entertainment Finance and Bullet Films, was released in 2009.
List of American films of 1970 The Dunwich Horror at the American Film Institute Catalog The Dunwich Horror at AllMovie The Dunwich Horro
Anton Coppola
Antonio Francesco Coppola is an American opera conductor and composer. He is the uncle of film director Francis Ford Coppola and actress Talia Shire, as well as the grand-uncle of Nicolas Cage, Sofia Coppola, Gian-Carlo Coppola, Jason Schwartzman and Robert Schwartzman, is the younger brother of American composer and musician Carmine Coppola. Coppola started his career at the age of eight with the Metropolitan Opera Children's Chorus. At the age of 9 he was in the Met's debut of Turandot, he served as an army bandmaster during World War II, conductor at Radio City Music Hall and director of both the Symphony and Opera Departments at the Manhattan School of Music. He earned a bachelor's degree and a master's degree in composition from Manhattan School of Music and received honorary Doctorates from the University of Tampa and Quinnipiac University in Connecticut. Coppola's first marriage was to Marion Jane Miller, a ballet dancer, with whom he had one child, Susan Marion Coppola. After their divorce, he wed Almarinda Drago a ballet dancer, with whom he had two children and Bruno Coppola.
He became a great-great-grand-uncle in 2014 with the birth of his grand-nephew Nicolas Cage's grandson Lucian Augustus Coppola Cage and he turned 100 in March 2017. Among his works are a violin concerto, a symphony, Sacco and Vanzetti, an opera in both Italian and English about immigrants Sacco and Vanzetti. In the 1950s and 1960s, Coppola was the musical director of six Broadway musicals, including Silk Stockings, Bravo Giovanni and The Boy Friend, he conducted two film scores, 1990's 1992's Dracula. He appeared in the former, shown conducting Cavalleria rusticana in the Teatro Massimo of Palermo, he debuted with the New York City Opera in 1965, conducting the world premiere of Jack Beeson's Lizzie Borden, led performances of Carmen, La traviata, Il barbiere di Siviglia, Madama Butterfly during the same year. At the Seattle Opera in 1970, Coppola led the world premiere of Carlisle Floyd's Of Men. Coppola helped to served as its Founding Artistic Director. Among his numerous productions with the company was the world premier of Sacco and Vanzetti on March 17, 2001.
He retired from the position in 2012. Coppola was honored with the Lifetime Achievement Award from the Puccini Foundation and recognized by the Italian government as Cavaliere, Gran Ufficiale. Coppola collaborated with the Orchestra Sinfonica di Milano Giuseppe Verdi known as Orchestra Verdi, operatic soprano Angela Gheorghiu on a recording of Puccini works for EMI; this recording was re-released with additional tracks recorded by Pappano and the Royal Opera House Orchestra, Covent Garden. In 2008, Opera Tampa announced; the Anton Coppola Excellence in the Arts Award is presented annually to recognize an artist for significant contributions to Opera Tampa and the music world at large, for extraordinary work in the cultivation and care of the operatic art form. Coppola himself was recipient of the award in 2012, the year of his retirement; the Godfather Part III - Conductor of'Cavalleria Rusticana' Mozart in the Jungle - Anton Gallo Coppola family tree St. Petersburg Times: “A well-conducted life” Herald-Tribune: "Daniel Lipton succeeds Anton Coppola at Opera Tampa" R.
A. Forum: Anton Coppola, "Sacco and Vanzetti", opera “A Night of Stars”. Studio10.tv. Retrieved February 28, 2013 Oussama Zahr. “OperaWatch”. Opera News, Vol 76, No. 11. Retrieved February 28, 2013 Anton Coppola on IMDb Anton Coppola at the Internet Broadway Database Sacco and Vanzetti documentary featuring an interview with Anton Coppola
The Godfather Part II
The Godfather Part II is a 1974 American crime film produced and directed by Francis Ford Coppola from a screenplay co-written with Mario Puzo, starring Al Pacino and Robert De Niro. Based on Puzo's 1969 novel The Godfather, the film is both sequel and prequel to The Godfather, presenting parallel dramas: one picks up the 1958 story of Michael Corleone, the new Don of the Corleone crime family, protecting the family business in the aftermath of an attempt on his life; the Godfather Part II opened to divided reviews from critics. Its reputation, improved and it soon became the subject of critical reevaluation, it was nominated for eleven Academy Awards, became the first sequel to win for Best Picture. Its six Oscar wins included Best Director for Coppola, Best Supporting Actor for De Niro and Best Adapted Screenplay for Coppola and Puzo. Pacino was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor. Both The Godfather Part II and its predecessor remain influential films in the gangster genre, the former has been reevaluated.
In 1997, the American Film Institute ranked it as the 32nd-greatest film in American film history and it retained this position 10 years later. Some have deemed it superior to the 1972 original, it was selected for preservation in the U. S. National Film Registry of the Library of Congress in 1993, being deemed "culturally or aesthetically significant"; the Godfather Part III, a further sequel, was released in 1990. In 1901, the family of nine-year-old Vito Andolini is killed in Corleone, after his father insults local Mafia chieftain Don Ciccio. Vito is registered as "Vito Corleone" on Ellis Island. In 1958, during his son's First Communion party at Lake Tahoe, Michael Corleone has a series of meetings in his role as the Don of his crime family. Corleone caporegime Frank Pentangeli is dismayed that Michael refuses to help defend his Brooklyn territory against the Rosato brothers, who work for Michael's business partner Hyman Roth; that night, Michael leaves Nevada after surviving an assassination attempt at his home.
In 1917, Vito Corleone lives in New York with his wife son Sonny. He loses his job due to Don Fanucci insisting. Michael suspects Roth meets him in Miami and feigns ignorance. In New York, Pentangeli attempts to maintain Michael's façade by making peace with the Rosato family but they attempt to kill him. Roth and several of their partners travel to Havana to discuss their future Cuban business prospects under the cooperative government of Fulgencio Batista. On New Year's Eve, he attempts to have Roth and Roth's right-hand man, Johnny Ola, but Roth survives when Michael's bodyguard is discovered and shot by police. Michael discovers that his brother, betrayed him after Fredo inadvertently reveals that he knows Ola after claiming they had never met. Batista abruptly abdicates due to rebel advances. Back home, Michael learns. By 1920, Vito and Carmela have had two more sons and Michael. Vito's criminal conduct attracts the attention of Fanucci, his partners and Salvatore Tessio, wish to avoid trouble by paying in full, but Vito insists that he can convince Fanucci to accept a smaller payment by making him "an offer he won't refuse".
During a neighborhood festa, he shoots him dead. In Washington, D. C. a Senate committee on organized crime is investigating the Corleone family. Having survived the earlier attempt on his life, Pentangeli agrees to testify against Michael, who he believes had double-crossed him, is placed under witness protection. Now a respected figure in his community, Vito is approached for help by a widow, being evicted. After an unsuccessful negotiation with Vito, the widow's landlord asks around, learns of Vito's reputation, hastily agrees to let the widow stay on terms favorable to her. In the meantime and his partners are becoming more and more successful, with the establishment of their business, "Genco Pura Olive Oil". On returning to Nevada, Fredo explains himself to Michael, he informs Michael that the Senate lawyer, Questadt, is working under Roth's payroll. Michael responds by disowning Fredo, tells his capo that nothing is to happen to Fredo while their mother is alive. Michael is unable to reach the heavily-guarded Pentangeli, so sends for Pentangeli's brother from Sicily, resulting in Pentangeli renouncing his previous statement.
Afterwards, Kay reveals to Michael that her miscarriage was an abortion, that she intends to remove their children from Michael's criminal life. Outraged, Michael banishes Kay from the family. In 1923, along with his family, visits Sicily for the first time since emigrating, he and business partner Tommasino are admitted to Don Ciccio's compound, ostensibly to ask for Ciccio's blessing on their olive oil business. Vito exacts his childhood vengeance by killing Ciccio after revealing his former identity, but as they escape, Tommasino is shot in the leg and suffers a permanent disabili
Nicolas Cage
Nicolas Kim Coppola, known professionally as Nicolas Cage, is an American actor and producer. During his early career, Cage starred in a variety of films such as Valley Girl, Racing with the Moon, Peggy Sue Got Married, Raising Arizona, Vampire's Kiss, Wild at Heart, Fire Birds, Honeymoon in Vegas, Red Rock West. Cage received an Academy Award, a Golden Globe, Screen Actors Guild Award for his performance as an alcoholic Hollywood writer in Leaving Las Vegas before coming to the attention of wider audiences with mainstream films, such as The Rock, Face/Off, Con Air and City of Angels, he earned his second Academy Award nomination for his performance as Charlie and Donald Kaufman in Adaptation. He directed the film Sonny, for which he was nominated for Grand Special Prize at Deauville Film Festival. Cage owns the production company Saturn Films and has produced films such as Shadow of the Vampire and The Life of David Gale, he has appeared in National Treasure, Lord of War, Bad Lieutenant: Port of Call New Orleans, Kick-Ass.
Films such as Ghost Rider and Knowing were box office successes. In the 2010s, he has starred in The Croods, Joe and Dad, Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse and Love, Antosha. Cage was born in Long Beach, California, to August Coppola, a professor of literature, Joy Vogelsang, a dancer and choreographer, he was raised in a Catholic family. His father was of Italian descent and his mother was of German and Polish ancestry, his paternal grandparents were composer Carmine Coppola and actress Italia Pennino, his paternal great-grandparents were immigrants from Bernalda, Basilicata. Through his father, he is a nephew of director Francis Ford Coppola and of actress Talia Shire, the cousin of directors Roman Coppola and Sofia Coppola, film producer Gian-Carlo Coppola, actors Robert Carmine and Jason Schwartzman. Cage's two brothers are New York radio personality Marc "The Cope" Coppola and director Christopher Coppola, he attended Beverly Hills High School, known for its many alumni who became entertainers.
He aspired to act from an early age and attended UCLA School of Theater and Television. His first non-cinematic acting experience was in a school production of Golden Boy, he said. I saw him in Rebel Without a East of Eden. Nothing affected me—no rock song, no classical music—the way Dean affected me in Eden, it blew my mind. I was like,'That's what I want to do'."At fifteen years old he tried to convince his uncle, Francis Ford Coppola, to give him a screen test, telling him "I'll show you acting." His outburst was met with "silence in the car". By this stage of his career, Coppola had directed Marlon Brando, Al Pacino, Gene Hackman and Robert De Niro. To avoid the appearance of nepotism as Coppola's nephew, he changed his name early in his career to Nicolas Cage, inspired in part by the Marvel Comics superhero Luke Cage. Since his film debut with a minor role in Fast Times at Ridgemont High, opposite Judge Reinhold and Sean Penn, Cage has appeared in a wide range of films, both mainstream and offbeat.
He auditioned for the role of Dallas Winston in his uncle's film The Outsiders, based on S. E. Hinton lost to Matt Dillon, he was in Coppola's films Rumble Fish and Peggy Sue Got Married. Other Cage roles included appearances in the acclaimed 1987 romantic-comedy film Moonstruck starring Cher. Cage has been nominated twice for an Academy Award, winning once for his performance as a suicidal alcoholic in Leaving Las Vegas, his other nomination was for his portrayal of real-life screenwriter Charlie Kaufman and Kaufman's fictional twin Donald in Adaptation. Despite these successes, most of his lower-profile films have performed poorly at the box office compared to his mainstream action/adventure roles; the suspense thriller 8mm is considered a cult film. He took the lead role in the 2001 film Captain Corelli's Mandolin and learned to play the mandolin from scratch for the part, he made his directorial debut with 2002's Sonny. In 2005, two films he headlined, Lord of War and The Weather Man, failed to find a significant audience despite nationwide releases and good reviews for his performances.
Poor reviews for The Wicker Man resulted in low box office sales. The much criticized Ghost Rider, based on the Marvel Comics character, fared better, earning more than $45 million during its opening weekend and over $208 million worldwide through the weekend ending on March 25, 2007. In 2007, he starred in Next, which shared the concept of a glimpse into an alternate timeline with Cage's film, The Family Man. Most of Cage's movies that have achieved financial success were in the action/adventure genre. In his second-highest-grossing film to date, National Treasure, he plays an eccentric historian who goes on a dangerous adventure to find treasure hidden by the Founding Fathers of the United States. Other action hits include The Rock, in which Cage plays a young FBI chemical weapons expert who infiltrates Alcatraz Island in the hope of neutralizing a terrorist threat, Face/Off, a John Woo film where he plays both a hero and a villain, World Trade Center, director Oliver Stone's film about the Se
Adrian Pennino
Adrianna "Adrian" Balboa is a fictional character from the Rocky series, played by Talia Shire. Shire was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress for her portrayal of Adrian in Rocky; the final scene in Rocky II, in which Rocky yells "Yo Adrian, I did it!", has been named by film enthusiasts as one of the most iconic quotes in sports film history. Stallone offered Carrie Snodgress the role of Adrian, but she turned it down due to the low salary she was offered. Susan Sarandon was considered, but she was turned down because she was deemed too pretty to play the mousy character of Adrian. Talia Shire auditioned for the role, was selected. In the first film, Adrian is working part-time at the J&M Tropical Fish pet store, where a small-time boxer, Rocky Balboa, would visit needing food for his pet turtles. Adrian explains about her quiet and shy philosophy towards Rocky, but is brought into a relationship with Rocky by her brother, Paulie. Adrian and Rocky go to an ice rink on Thanksgiving Day, where Rocky told her about his fighting career and his style.
She asked him why he wanted to be a boxer, he said that his father told him that he had no brains, should develop his body. Adrian is surprised, as her mother said that she didn’t have much of a body and should develop her brain; as the two begin dating, she manages to give Rocky one of the pets in the shop. On Christmas, an inebriated Paulie overhears her conversation with Rocky about Paulie's interferences. An enraged and drunken Paulie physically threatens her and Rocky with a sawed-off baseball bat, only for Adrian to stand up for herself, he reveals that she is not a virgin, he would let other people use her, which sends Adrian crying, running towards her room, but Rocky stops the tirade, offers her to stay at his apartment. Before Rocky's upcoming match against Apollo Creed, Adrian decides to stay in Rocky's locker room; as the rounds go by, she comes out during the 14th round. As she witnesses Rocky get knocked down by Apollo, she closes her eyes in silence. At the end of the match, Rocky calls out for her and Adrian rushes toward the ring, losing her hat along the way.
As Paulie is denied entrance into the ring by security, she manages to slip inside the ring when he pulls up the ropes. While Creed is announced the winner, she appears to Rocky, to which he asks where her hat was, only for her to express her love for him. In the second film, Adrian witnesses Rocky in the hospital after his recent match against Apollo Creed. At first, Apollo goads Rocky into a rematch, but Rocky, retires from boxing, undergoes surgery for retinal detachment. After his release from the hospital, Rocky proposes to Adrian at the Philadelphia Zoo, the couple marry on February 8, 1976. With his earnings, they manage to purchase a Pontiac Trans Am; that next month, they discover. After an attempt to appearing in commercials to capitalize on his newfound fame, Rocky struggles to look for other jobs with decent pay, making him hand down his Pontiac to Paulie; when Rocky announces to come out of his hiatus from boxing and have a rematch with Apollo, Adrian tries to discourage him, takes up her old position at the J&M Tropical Fish pet store.
Due to the amount of stress and other issues, she goes into mental labor, collapsing on the job, prematurely gives birth to a boy, causing her to slip into a coma. Rocky becomes distraught, promises to stay with her until she awakens. In addition to Rocky, she is visited by Mickey and Paulie. A week she regains consciousness, seeing Rocky by her bedside, along with Mickey behind him, they both see their newborn son for the first time, to which she suggested that the baby should be named after his dad. Soon after, Adrian tells Rocky to win for her. On the night of the rematch, she stays home along with Paulie to watch after her son. Watching the final round, she becomes shocked as both Apollo hit the floor. Both combatants attempt to get back up, but Rocky emerges victorious by just one second. Adrian and Paulie begin to shed tears of joy as Rocky calls out for her in victory. In the third film, Rocky has defended his title ten consecutive times, as the Balboas live a more extravagant life, they move in Mickey, as well.
Adrian, along with Rocky and Mickey, attended the unveiling of a bronze statue in honor of Balboa at the Philadelphia Museum of Art. Jaded by the generosity of the city, Rocky announces his plan to retire from professional boxing. With the crowd in disbelief, Clubber Lang, a new rising star, challenges Rocky. Mickey interferes for the sake of Rocky's well-being and leaves when he and his student reached a disagreement, Lang sexually harasses Adrian, causing Rocky to enter the frey, agrees to the match. With his preparation open to the public, Rocky is not able to train for the fight. While his female fans would try to get close to him, Adrian would remain silent, watching in the background. Just minutes before the match, Lang verbally lashes out at Rocky, creating a scuffle, in which Lang shoves Mickey down to the floor, causing Micky to suffer cardiac arrest. Being escorted back into the locker room, Rocky becomes worried and plans to call the match off, but Mickey tells him pull himself together, to which Rocky would ask Adrian to stay with him until a doctor comes.
Rocky loses the match against Lang, Micky dies from a heart attack. Only she, Paulie, Al Savani gather for Mickey's burial. Adrian tags along with Rocky and Paulie as they travel to Los Angeles to train with Apollo Creed for a rematch. Noti
New York (state)
New York is a state in the Northeastern United States. New York was one of the original thirteen colonies. With an estimated 19.54 million residents in 2018, it is the fourth most populous state. To distinguish the state from the city with the same name, it is sometimes called New York State; the state's most populous city, New York City, makes up over 40% of the state's population. Two-thirds of the state's population lives in the New York metropolitan area, nearly 40% lives on Long Island; the state and city were both named for the 17th century Duke of York, the future King James II of England. With an estimated population of 8.62 million in 2017, New York City is the most populous city in the United States and the premier gateway for legal immigration to the United States. The New York metropolitan area is one of the most populous in the world. New York City is a global city, home to the United Nations Headquarters and has been described as the cultural and media capital of the world, as well as the world's most economically powerful city.
The next four most populous cities in the state are Buffalo, Rochester and Syracuse, while the state capital is Albany. The 27th largest U. S. state in land area, New York has a diverse geography. The state is bordered by New Jersey and Pennsylvania to the south and Connecticut and Vermont to the east; the state has a maritime border with Rhode Island, east of Long Island, as well as an international border with the Canadian provinces of Quebec to the north and Ontario to the northwest. The southern part of the state is in the Atlantic coastal plain and includes Long Island and several smaller associated islands, as well as New York City and the lower Hudson River Valley; the large Upstate New York region comprises several ranges of the wider Appalachian Mountains, the Adirondack Mountains in the Northeastern lobe of the state. Two major river valleys – the north-south Hudson River Valley and the east-west Mohawk River Valley – bisect these more mountainous regions. Western New York is considered part of the Great Lakes region and borders Lake Ontario, Lake Erie, Niagara Falls.
The central part of the state is dominated by the Finger Lakes, a popular vacation and tourist destination. New York had been inhabited by tribes of Algonquian and Iroquoian-speaking Native Americans for several hundred years by the time the earliest Europeans came to New York. French colonists and Jesuit missionaries arrived southward from Montreal for trade and proselytizing. In 1609, the region was visited by Henry Hudson sailing for the Dutch East India Company; the Dutch built Fort Nassau in 1614 at the confluence of the Hudson and Mohawk rivers, where the present-day capital of Albany developed. The Dutch soon settled New Amsterdam and parts of the Hudson Valley, establishing the multicultural colony of New Netherland, a center of trade and immigration. England seized the colony from the Dutch in 1664. During the American Revolutionary War, a group of colonists of the Province of New York attempted to take control of the British colony and succeeded in establishing independence. In the 19th century, New York's development of access to the interior beginning with the Erie Canal, gave it incomparable advantages over other regions of the U.
S. built its political and cultural ascendancy. Many landmarks in New York are well known, including four of the world's ten most-visited tourist attractions in 2013: Times Square, Central Park, Niagara Falls, Grand Central Terminal. New York is home to the Statue of Liberty, a symbol of the United States and its ideals of freedom and opportunity. In the 21st century, New York has emerged as a global node of creativity and entrepreneurship, social tolerance, environmental sustainability. New York's higher education network comprises 200 colleges and universities, including Columbia University, Cornell University, New York University, the United States Military Academy, the United States Merchant Marine Academy, University of Rochester, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Rockefeller University, which have been ranked among the top 40 in the nation and world; the tribes in what is now New York were predominantly Algonquian. Long Island was divided in half between the Wampanoag and Lenape; the Lenape controlled most of the region surrounding New York Harbor.
North of the Lenape was the Mohicans. Starting north of them, from east to west, were three Iroquoian nations: the Mohawk, the original Iroquois and the Petun. South of them, divided along Appalachia, were the Susquehannock and the Erie. Many of the Wampanoag and Mohican peoples were caught up in King Philip's War, a joint effort of many New England tribes to push Europeans off their land. After the death of their leader, Chief Philip Metacomet, most of those peoples fled inland, splitting into the Abenaki and the Schaghticoke. Many of the Mohicans remained in the region until the 1800s, however, a small group known as the Ouabano migrated southwest into West Virginia at an earlier time, they may have merged with the Shawnee. The Mohawk and Susquehannock were the most militaristic. Trying to corner trade with the Europeans, they targeted other tribes; the Mohawk were known for refusing white settlement on their land and banishing any of their people who converted to Christianity. They posed a major threat to the Abenaki and Mohicans, while the Susquehannock conquered the Lenape in the 1600s.
The most devastating event of the century, was the Beaver Wars. From 1640–1680, Iroquoian peoples waged campaigns which extended from modern-day Michigan to Virginia against Algonquian and Siouan tribes, as well as each other; the ai
