1.
Radio program
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A radio program or radio show is a segment of content intended for broadcast on radio. It may be a production or part of a periodically recurring series. A single program in a series is called an episode, BBC output was a unifying force within British culture, and has been written about extensively elsewhere. During the post-1964 period, western Europe offshore radio helped to supply the demand for the pop, the BBC launched its own pop music station, BBC Radio 1, in 1967. In South Asia, Radio Ceylon was the oldest radio station in the region, Broadcasting in Ceylon was launched by British engineer, Edward Harper in 1925. Radio Ceylon became a corporation in 1967 and was known as the Sri Lanka Broadcasting Corporation when the island turned into a republic in 1972. Interest in old-time radio has increased in recent years with programs traded and collected on reel-to-reel tapes, cassettes and CDs and Internet downloads, as well as the popularity of podcasts
2.
Breakfast television
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Breakfast television or morning show is a type of infotainment television program, which broadcasts live in the morning. Often hosted by a team of hosts, these types of programs are typically targeted at the combined demographic of people getting ready for work and school. The first – and longest-running – national breakfast/morning show on television is Today, Breakfast television programs are geared toward popular and demographic appeal. Later in the programme, segments will typically begin to target a dominantly female demographic with a focus on news, such as human-interest, lifestyle. The first morning news programme was Three To Get Ready, a local production hosted by comedian Ernie Kovacs that aired on WPTZ in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania from 1950 to 1952, although the programme was mostly entertainment-oriented, the programme did feature some news and weather segments. Its success prompted NBC to look at producing something similar on a national basis, CBS has had a seemingly endless rotation of failed morning news shows. The network abandoned the show in 1957. From the late 1960s throughout the 1970s, the CBS Morning News aired as a straight one-hour morning newscast that had a rate of turnover among its anchors. It was not until 1982 that Captain Kangaroo ended its run on weekdays, however, the high rate of turnover among anchors returned. An ill-fated comedic revamp of the show, The Morning Programme, after that, however, came This Morning, which has so far had the longest run of any of CBS morning show attempts. This Morning was eventually cancelled 12 years later, being replaced by The Early Show in 1999, The Early Show, in turn, ABC was a latecomer to the morning show competition. Instead of carrying a national show, it adopted the AM franchise introduced by many of its local stations in 1970. KABC-TVs AM Los Angeles launched the career of Regis Philbin and was a direct predecessor to his syndicated talk show Live. AM Chicago on WLS-TV would later evolve into The Oprah Winfrey Show, GMA has traditionally run in second place, but has surpassed Today in the ratings a few times in its history. Since the 1980s, Live. has been produced and distributed by ABCs syndication arm, primarily for ABC stations, a few of the major Spanish language broadcast networks also produce morning shows, which are often more festive in format. ¡Despierta América. is the longest-running Spanish language morning programme on U. S. cable news outlets have adopted the morning show format as well. Fox & Friends on Fox News Channel, Early Start and New Day on CNN respectively follow the networks morning show format. MSNBCs Morning Joe follows a format reminiscent of talk radio and incorporates panel discussions
3.
Late-night talk show
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A late-night talk show is a genre of talk show popular in the United States, where the format originated. It is generally structured around humorous monologues about the news, guest interviews, comedy sketches. The late-night talk show format was popularized, though not invented, typically the shows host conducts interviews from behind a desk, while the guest is seated on a couch. Many late night talk shows feature a band which generally performs cover songs for the studio audience during commercial breaks. Late-night talk shows are a popular format in the United States, Shows that loosely resemble the format air in other countries, but generally air weekly as opposed to the nightly airings of those in the United States. They also generally air in time slots considered to be prime time in the United States and these shows aired once a week in evening time slots that would come to be known as prime time. The first version of The Tonight Show, Tonight Starring Steve Allen, the show created many modern talk show staples included an opening monologue, celebrity interviews, audience participation, comedy bits, and musical performances. As a result, unlike Broadway Open House, Tonight proved to be a resounding success, the success of the show led Allen to get another show, entitled The Steve Allen Show, which would compete with The Ed Sullivan Show on Sunday nights. Meanwhile, hosting duties of The Tonight Show were split between Allen and Ernie Kovacs, Kovacs had defected to NBC from his own show on the then-crumbling DuMont Television Network. Both Allen and Kovacs departed from Tonight in 1957 in order to focus on Allens Sunday night show, after the two left, the format changed similar to that of Today and was renamed Tonight. America After Dark and was hosted first by Jack Lescoulie and then by Al Collins while interviews were performed by Hy Gardner, the show was not popular leading to many NBC affiliates dropping the show. The show returned to the format that year and was renamed Tonight Starring Jack Paar. The even greater success of the show during Paars hosting resulted in many NBC affiliates re-airing the show. Paar permanently left the show in 1962, citing the reason that he could not handle the load of The Tonight Show, and he moved to his own weekly prime-time show. After Paars departure, hosting duties were filled by Groucho Marx, Mort Sahl, longtime guest host Johnny Carson took over as host of The Tonight Show in 1962 and the show was renamed The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson. Carson streamlined the format of the show, focusing more on entertainment personalities, tweaking the monologue to include more shorter jokes, Ed McMahon served as Carsons announcer while from 1962 to 1966 the band was led by Skitch Henderson, who hired, among others, Doc Severinsen. When Henderson left, Milton DeLugg took over, Severinsen took over in 1967, and served as bandleader with the NBC Orchestra. The show originated from NBC Studios in New York City but, as part of Carsons shifting the show toward a more entertainment-oriented program, moved to Burbank, California in 1972
4.
Talking Dead
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The series features host Chris Hardwick discussing the latest episode with guests who are fans of the series. Cast and crew from The Walking Dead and Fear the Walking Dead also appear on the talk show, the series premiered on October 16,2011, following the encore presentation of the second-season premiere of The Walking Dead. When the series returned on February 10,2013 from the season three finale, the series moved to 10,00 pm, directly following The Walking Dead. Hardwick stated that having the show go an hour as opposed to half an hour allowed more breathing room, guests listed after with were surprise guests for the episode. Robert Kirkman and Greg Nicotero have the most appearances of any member at 10 episodes respectively. Lauren Cohan is the most featured cast member with 7 episodes, yvette Nicole Brown is the outside guest with the most appearances at 9 episodes. On three of the episodes at the end of season 2 of Talking Dead, musicians featured on The Walking Deads soundtrack performed at the end of the show. On the first half of season 3 of Talking Dead, the Kill of the Week feature was included, in addition, in season 3 of Talking Dead, fan of the week was introduced for fans who used the Dead Yourself mobile app. The show also introduced Survival Tips, which gave tips on how to survive if a zombie apocalypse really happened. Season 5 began showcasing fan art, the series became known for often having members of the cast appear after the episode in which their characters were killed. Recognizing that this may spoil viewers, the show now tries its best to avoid this, notably Emily Kinney was not announced as the guest actor for the episode following Coda until the programs airtime due to her characters sudden death at the end of the accompanying episode. Talking Dead also began airing episodes of Fear the Walking Deads second season. These episodes discuss season two of The Walking Dead and these episodes discuss season three of The Walking Dead. This season featured a special season 3 preview episode aired in July 2012. These episodes discuss season four of The Walking Dead and these episodes discuss season five of The Walking Dead. This season introduced live polls as well as an interactive quiz where fans compete online on their mobile phones, tablets. These episodes discuss season six of The Walking Dead and season two of Fear the Walking Dead and this season also hosted an Ultimate Fan Contest where fans can submit clips on why they are the ultimate fan. Greg Raiewski was chosen as the winner to be a guest in the fourteenth episode, episodes 24 and 25 were pre-recorded due to Hardwicks wedding and honeymoon
5.
Parody
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A parody is a work created to imitate, make fun of, or comment on an original work—its subject, author, style, or some other target—by means of satiric or ironic imitation. As the literary theorist Linda Hutcheon puts it, parody … is imitation, another critic, Simon Dentith, defines parody as any cultural practice which provides a relatively polemical allusive imitation of another cultural production or practice. Parody may be found in art or culture, including literature, music, animation, gaming, the writer and critic John Gross observes in his Oxford Book of Parodies, that parody seems to flourish on territory somewhere between pastiche and burlesque. According to Aristotle, Hegemon of Thasos was the inventor of a kind of parody, in ancient Greek literature, a parodia was a narrative poem imitating the style and prosody of epics but treating light, satirical or mock-heroic subjects. Indeed, the components of the Greek word are παρά para beside, counter, against, Thus, the original Greek word παρῳδία parodia has sometimes been taken to mean counter-song, an imitation that is set against the original. The Oxford English Dictionary, for example, defines parody as imitation turned as to produce a ridiculous effect, because par- also has the non-antagonistic meaning of beside, there is nothing in parodia to necessitate the inclusion of a concept of ridicule. Old Comedy contained parody, even the gods could be made fun of, the Frogs portrays the hero-turned-god Heracles as a Glutton and the God of Drama Dionysus as cowardly and unintelligent. The traditional trip to the Underworld story is parodied as Dionysus dresses as Heracles to go to the Underworld, roman writers explained parody as an imitation of one poet by another for humorous effect. In French Neoclassical literature, parody was also a type of poem where one work imitates the style of another to produce a humorous effect, the Ancient Greeks created satyr plays which parodied tragic plays, often with performers dressed like satyrs. In classical music, as a term, parody refers to a reworking of one kind of composition into another. The term is sometimes applied to procedures common in the Baroque period. The musicological definition of the parody has now generally been supplanted by a more general meaning of the word. In its more contemporary usage, musical parody usually has humorous, even satirical intent, in which familiar musical ideas or lyrics are lifted into a different, often incongruous, context. Musical parodies may imitate or refer to the style of a composer or artist. For example, The Ritz Roll and Rock, a song and dance performed by Fred Astaire in the movie Silk Stockings, parodies the Rock. Conversely, while the work of Weird Al Yankovic is based on particular popular songs. The first usage of the parody in English cited in the Oxford English Dictionary is in Ben Jonson, in Every Man in His Humour in 1598, A Parodie. The next citation comes from John Dryden in 1693, who also appended an explanation, suggesting that the word was in common use, in the 20th century, parody has been heightened as the central and most representative artistic device, the catalysing agent of artistic creation and innovation
6.
Space Ghost Coast to Coast
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Space Ghost Coast to Coast is an American animated parody talk show, created by Mike Lazzo and hosted by the 1960s Hanna-Barbera cartoon character Space Ghost. Space Ghost Coast to Coast was considered to be the first fully produced Cartoon Network original series, the first two seasons were presented as a serious talk show with subdued jokes, while the later seasons relied more on surrealism, non-sequiturs, and parodies. In 2001, it moved to the late night television block Adult Swim. Space Ghost Coast to Coast used the show format as its template. Various celebrities appeared on the show as guests and they were shown on a TV screen next to Space Ghosts desk, and unlike the characters, they were not animated. In early episodes of the show, Space Ghost apparently believed his guests were other superheroes and his interactions with guests were almost always painfully awkward, and sometimes hostile. It was sometimes hard to tell if guests were aware of the nature of the program on which they were appearing and their answers often did not match the questions coming from Space Ghost, because the questions were changed after the interview. Space Ghosts relationship with his co-workers was even worse and his bandleader, an evil talking mantis named Zorak, and his director/producer, a red-helmeted lava man named Moltar, worked for Space Ghost as punishment for their crimes. They frequently disrupted the show and made no secret of the fact that they hated him, most episodes of Space Ghost Coast to Coast were about 15 minutes in length, although there were a few 30-minute episodes. Cartoon Network often aired two episodes back-to-back to make a 30-minute programming block, in the first few years of the show, Cartoon Network would show episodes of the original 1960s and 1980s Space Ghost cartoons after the 11-minute episode of Space Ghost Coast to Coast. In early seasons of the show, music was played by Zorak, the original theme song, Hit Single, was composed by free jazz guitarist Sonny Sharrock, performed by Sharrock on guitar, Lance Carter on drums, Eddie Horst on bass and Alfreda Gerald on vocals. Sharrock and Carter recorded a number of songs for the show, as a tribute to Sharrock, who died in May 1994 shortly after the show first aired, the episode Sharrock featured nearly fifteen minutes of unedited takes of music recorded for the show. Seasons 4–6 featured a new closing theme by Man or Astro-man. and in seasons the opening theme. Various other music was used as the theme song, including the CHiPs theme song for the episode titled CHiPs. An hour-long musical season finale for the 1998 season was planned, featuring the bands Yo La Tengo and Cornershop, Space Ghost Coast to Coast was created by Mike Lazzo after he was asked to create a cartoon to appeal to adults. The series premiered on April 15,1994, having aired initially at 11,00 pm ET on Friday nights, later, the program was moved to various late-night time slots, having usually been on weekends. In February 1995, an episode of Space Ghost Coast to Coast was simulcast on Cartoon Network, TBS, in the special, Space Ghost interviewed a few of the new directors, while the Council of Doom were the judges of the cartoon clips. On September 2,2001, new episodes of the series, along with re-runs of the episodes, moved to Adult Swim
7.
Comedy Bang! Bang! (TV series)
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Bang. is a television series created and hosted by Scott Aukerman, featuring his co-host/bandleader Weird Al Yankovic. The show aired weekly on IFC and Much and is a spin-off of Aukermans podcast Comedy Bang, Bang. which airs on the Earwolf network. Like the podcast, the series features outlandish and farcical humor, the mock talk show derives most of its comedy from its surreal spoofs of common late night tropes as well as from the characters own cartoonish inability to conduct said talk show. Halfway through the season to become the bandleader for The Late Late Show with James Corden. Musician Kid Cudi took over bandleader and sidekick duties after Watts departure, the season four finale aired on December 10,2015 and was Cudis final episode. The series was renewed for a 20-episode fifth season on May 5,2015, Weird Al Yankovic took over the position of bandleader for the fifth season, which premiered on June 3,2016. On August 18,2016, Aukerman announced that the series would end after season 5, the show features celebrity guests playing either themselves or characters. Many of these celebrities were guests on the Comedy Bang. Bang. podcast and revisit characters such as Don Dimello, El Chupacabra, Bob Ducca, Lil Gary, Huell Howser, many frequent collaborators include former Mr. Show with Bob and David cast members such as Paul F. Tompkins, Bob Odenkirk, and David Cross. The talk show takes place in one-third of a shack with modern decorations, surreal pop-art, taxidermy, old books without dust-covers. Various objects have the ability to talk including the taxidermy, houseplants, Weird Al Yankovic provided all of the music on the show including the theme song and interstitial music. Reggie Watts wrote the song and first performed it on the podcast. Yankovic later performed his version of Watts original theme, Bang. has generally been mixed to positive, with a rating of 64 on Metacritic, as well as a 7. 7/10 user rating on IMDB. Most television critics have given the positive reviews. Los Angeles Times television reviewer Robert Lloyd has called the show “amusing”, additionally, the weekly reviews that have been posted on The A. V. Club are generally in the B- to A range, Comedy Bang Bang, Season 1 was released on Region 1 DVD on January 21,2014. The two-disc set consists of all 10 episodes of its first season, special features include, deleted and extended scenes, full-length alternate celebrity interviews and audio commentaries featuring characters from the show and more. Season 2 was released on Region 1 DVD on June 24,2014, the four-disc set consists of all 20 episodes of its second season
8.
The Eric Andre Show
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The Eric Andre Show is an American comedy television series on Adult Swim. The show premiered in the United States on May 20,2012, the series is hosted by comedian Eric Andre along with comedian Hannibal Buress, who serves as Andrés sidekick. Gary Anthony Williams served as the announcer in the first season, being replaced by Tom Kane and Robert Smith in the second, a total of 40 episodes have aired over the course of four seasons. On December 31,2012, The Eric Andre Show aired a 45-minute live New Years special, on April 13,2015, André made a surprise appearance on Conan to announce the show was renewed for a fourth season, which premiered on August 5,2016. Before shooting Andre would re-watch several episodes of Space Ghost Coast to Coast in a row in order to absorb as much Space Ghost as he could. André would also ask executive producer and Adult Swim president Mike Lazzo several questions about the series, to Andrés surprise Lazzo had no interest in Space Ghost Coast to Coast. According to André several cast and crew members on Dont Trust the B---- in Apartment 23 were not even aware of the existence of Adult Swim when explaining to them The Eric Andre Show, Dont Trust the B---- in Apartment 23 was later cancelled in January 2013. In April 2013, it was announced that The Eric Andre Show had been renewed for another season, during season 1, the principal photography was done in an abandoned bodega in California. The painting of red rectangles in the set decoration also serves as the logo, the show is shot using old analog cameras, background music often from stock media, and low-budget titling effects to make it feel like a public-access show from the 1980s. All of the sequences for the show were filmed at the end of the shoot all at once over two and a half days. After being sick earlier in the week, André commented, Fuck, the desk at which André sits is constructed of drywall to make it easier to break during skits. A Jazz Band plays on the set during the introduction and transitions, shots of the band are mostly pre-recorded with a few spoken lines and callbacks during on-stage skits. With season 2, The Eric Andre Show changed to an HD Camera setup, a new set design, because of the difficulties with gaining consent under Californias regulations, some of the impromptu and hidden camera sketches had to be re-recorded in New York City. Every opening of the show starts with an announcer saying Ladies and Gentlemen, as Andre begins to destroy the backdrop, desk, and various furnishings as the opening song is played on by the stage band. Everything is restored to its prior condition immediately by off-camera stagehands when the music stops, another staple of the show is the Well Be Right Back freeze-frame interstitial at the end of every on-stage segment, usually occurring at an inconvenient time. No continuity after the interstitial is maintained at all, Andre always appears in segments of the show ignorant of, or unharmed by. At the end of the show, a performer of some type plays over the ending credits, ending performances are usually parodies of amateur acts common to public access television, while other times are musicians playing their music except with heavy twists. For example, powerviolence band Trash Talk once played while wearing volume sensitive shock collars, mac DeMarco also once played while André initiated a segment styled after Japanese game shows titled Attack DeMarco
9.
United States
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Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
10.
Television in the United Kingdom
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Television in the United Kingdom started in 1936 as a public service which was free of advertising. There are six main channel owners who are responsible for most viewing, there are 27,000 hours of domestic content produced a year at a cost of £2.6 billion. Since 24 October 2012, all broadcasts in the United Kingdom are in a digital format. Digital content is delivered via terrestrial, satellite and cable as well as over IP, set-top boxes are generally used to receive these services, however integrated digital televisions can also be used to receive Freeview or Freesat. Most TVs sold in the UK come with a DVB-T tuner for Freeview – a rare thing in Europe, BT TV and TalkTalk Plus TV, both based on YouView, utilise hybrid boxes which receive Freeview as well as additional subscription services. Households viewing TV from the internet are not tracked by Ofcom, the UKs five most watched channels, BBC One, BBC Two, ITV, Channel 4 and Channel 5, are available from all providers. Digital terrestrial television launched in 1998 as a service named ONdigital. Since October 2002, the broadcaster is Freeview, with BT TV providing additional subscription services. In all cases cable TV is a subscription service normally bundled with a phone line, smallworld Cable is available in south-west Scotland and north-west England. Pricing ranges from £10.50 to £80 per month, wightFibre is available in the Isle of Wight. Virgin Media is available to 55% of UK households, pricing ranges from £11 a month to £30.50 a month, with additional fees for premium services such as Sky Sports. Virgin also market V+, a video recorder and high-definition receiver. Virgin Media is the cable provider to supply high-definition television and video on demand. There are three distinctly marketed direct-broadcast satellite services, Sky is a subscription service owned by Sky plc. It is the satellite provider to offer premium channels with the largest total number of channels compared to all other television providers. As of January 2017, subscriptions starts at £22 per month for the basic package, there is an upfront cost of £15 on sign up. Sky TV markets SkyQ Silver & SkyQ boxes as well as SkyQmini boxes, Sky TV also provides video on demand branded as SkyTV On Demand. As of October 2016, Sky UK stopped offering there aging Sky+HD hardware, Freesat from Sky, is a free satellite service owned by Sky plc
11.
Latin America
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Latin America is a group of countries and dependencies in the Americas where Romance languages are predominant. It is therefore broader than the terms Ibero-America or Hispanic America—though it usually excludes French Canada and it has an area of approximately 19,197,000 km2, almost 13% of the Earths land surface area. As of 2015, its population was estimated at more than 626 million and in 2014, Latin America had a combined nominal GDP of 5,573,397 million USD and a GDP PPP of 7,531,585 million USD. The term Latin America was first used in 1861 in La revue des races Latines, a further investigation of the concept of Latin America is by Michel Gobat in the American Historical Review. The term was first used in Paris in an 1856 conference by the Chilean politician Francisco Bilbao and this term was also used in 1861 by French scholars in La revue des races Latines, a magazine dedicated to the Pan-Latinism movement. Latin America is, therefore, defined as all parts of the Americas that were once part of the Spanish. By this definition, Latin America is coterminous with Ibero-America and this definition emphasizes a similar socioeconomic history of the region, which was characterized by formal or informal colonialism, rather than cultural aspects. As such, some sources avoid this oversimplification by using the phrase Latin America, the distinction between Latin America and Anglo-America is a convention based on the predominant languages in the Americas by which Romance-language and English-speaking cultures are distinguished. Latin America can be subdivided into several subregions based on geography, politics, demographics and it may be subdivided on linguistic grounds into Hispanic America, Portuguese America and French America. *, Not a sovereign state The concept of Latin America has been criticized by a number of intellectuals, the earliest known settlement was identified at Monte Verde, near Puerto Montt in Southern Chile. Its occupation dates to some 14,000 years ago and there is disputed evidence of even earlier occupation. Over the course of millennia, people spread to all parts of the continents, by the first millennium CE, South Americas vast rainforests, mountains, plains and coasts were the home of tens of millions of people. Some groups formed more permanent settlements such as the Chibcha and the Tairona groups and these groups are in the circum Caribbean region. The Chibchas of Colombia, the Quechuas and Aymaras of Bolivia, the region was home to many indigenous peoples and advanced civilizations, including the Aztecs, Toltecs, Maya, and Inca. The Aztec empire was ultimately the most powerful civilization known throughout the Americas, with the arrival of the Europeans following Christopher Columbus voyages, the indigenous elites, such as the Incas and Aztecs, lost power to the heavy European invasion. Hernándo Cortés seized the Aztec elites power with the help of local groups who had favored the Aztec elite, epidemics of diseases brought by the Europeans, such as smallpox and measles, wiped out a large portion of the indigenous population. Historians cannot determine the number of natives who died due to European diseases, due to the lack of written records, specific numbers are hard to verify. Many of the survivors were forced to work in European plantations, intermixing between the indigenous peoples and the European colonists was very common, and, by the end of the colonial period, people of mixed ancestry formed majorities in several colonies
12.
Howard Stern
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Howard Allan Stern is an American radio and television personality, producer, author, actor, and photographer. He is best known for his radio show The Howard Stern Show, Stern has broadcast on Sirius XM Radio since 2006. Stern first wished to be on the radio at five years of age and he landed his first radio jobs while at Boston University. C. Stern worked afternoons at WNBC in New York City from 1982 until his firing in 1985. In 1985, Stern began a 20-year run at WXRK in New York City, his morning show entered syndication in 1986 and aired in 60 markets and attracted 20 million listeners at its peak. He became the most fined radio host when the Federal Communications Commission issued fines totaling $2.5 million to station owners for content it deemed indecent, Stern became one of the highest paid radio figures after signing a five-year deal with Sirius in 2004 worth $500 million. In recent years, Sterns photography has featured in Hamptons. From 2012 to 2015, he served as a judge on Americas Got Talent, Stern has described himself as King of All Media since 1992 for his successes outside radio. He hosted and produced numerous late night shows, pay-per-view events. His two books, Private Parts and Miss America, entered The New York Times Best Seller list at number one, the former was made into a biographical comedy film in 1997 that had Stern and his radio show staff star as themselves. It topped the US box office in its week and grossed 1 trillion dollars domestically. Stern performs on its soundtrack which charted the Billboard 200 at number one and was certified platinum for one million copies sold and his parents are Jewish, and their families are from Poland and Austria-Hungary. Ray was a clerk in New York City before she became a homemaker and later took up work as an inhalation therapist. Stern described his older sister Ellen as the complete opposite of himself, in 1955, the family moved to Roosevelt, New York on Long Island where Stern attended Washington-Rose Elementary School followed by Roosevelt Junior-Senior High School. Stern also attended Hebrew school where he was given the name Tzvi, as a youngster Stern took five years of piano lessons and took an interest in marionettes, using them to entertain his friends with explicit shows. He formed a band with two friends, the Electric Comicbook, on vocals and keyboards. From the age of nine to his year at university, Stern spent his summers at Camp Wel-Met, a youth camp in Narrowsburg, New York where he worked camper, kitchen. He recalled his time there as the greatest experience, Stern wished to be in radio at the age of five
13.
Sirius Satellite Radio
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Sirius Satellite Radio was a satellite radio and online radio service operating in North America, owned by Sirius XM Holdings. Music streams on Sirius carry a variety of genres, broadcasting 24 hours daily, commercial-free. A subset of Sirius music channels is included as part of the Dish Network satellite television service, Sirius channels are identified by Nielsen Audio with the label SR. Its business model is to provide radio, analogous to the business model for premium cable television. Music channels are presented without commercials while talk channels, such as Howard Sterns Howard 100 and Howard 101, furthermore, all channels are free from FCC content regulation, thus songs are played unedited for language, and talk programs may feature explicit content if they wish. Subscriptions are prepaid and range in price from US$14.99 monthly to US$699.99 for lifetime subscription, there is a US$15 activation fee for every radio activated. Sirius announced it had achieved its first positive cash flow quarter for the period ending December 2006, Sirius launched its radio service in four states on February 14,2002, expanding service to the rest of the contiguous U. S. by July of that year. On July 29,2008, Sirius formally completed its merger with former competitor XM Satellite Radio, the combined company began operating under the name Sirius XM Radio. On November 12,2008, Sirius and XM began broadcasting with their new, on January 13,2011, Sirius Satellite Radio was dissolved as a separate entity and merged into Sirius XM Radio, Inc. As of Q12013, Sirius XM has a total of 24.4 million subscribers, on April 11,2016 Sirius XM announced crossing the 30 million subscriber threshold on the Howard Stern Show. Sirius was founded by Martine Rothblatt, David Margolese and Robert Briskman, in 1990, Martine Rothblatt founded Satellite CD Radio, Inc. in Washington, DC. The company was the first to petition the FCC to assign unused frequencies for radio broadcast, which “provoked a furor among owners of both large and small radio stations. ”Rothblatt had previously helped create the PanAmSat international satellite television system. In April 1992, she resigned as chairman and CEO of Sirius in order to start a research foundation. Former NASA engineer Robert Briskman, who designed the companys technology, was then appointed Chairman. Six months later, in November 1992, Rogers Wireless co-founder David Margolese, the company successfully bid $83.3 million to purchase their satellite radio license. In 1997, after Margolese had obtained regulatory clearance and effectively created the industry, the FCC also sold a license to XM Satellite Radio, Joe Clayton, former CEO of Global Crossing, followed as CEO from November 2001 until November 2004. Clayton stayed on as chairman until July 2008, Mel Karmazin, former president of Viacom, became CEO in November 2004, and remained in that position through the merger, until December 2012. On February 19,2007, Sirius announced a deal with XM Satellite Radio
14.
Phil Donahue
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Phillip John Phil Donahue is an American media personality, writer, and film producer best known as the creator and host of The Phil Donahue Show. The television program, also known as Donahue, was the first talk format that included audience participation. The show had a 29-year run on television in America that began in Dayton, Ohio. His shows have focused on issues that divide liberals and conservatives in the United States, such as abortion, consumer protection, civil rights. His most frequent guest was Ralph Nader, for whom Donahue campaigned in 2000, Donahue also briefly hosted a talk show on MSNBC from July 2002 to March 2003. In 1996, Donahue was ranked #42 on TV Guides 50 Greatest TV Stars of All Time, in 1949, he graduated from Our Lady of Angels elementary school in the West Park neighborhood of Cleveland. He graduated from the University of Notre Dame, which is run by the Congregation of Holy Cross. Donahue began his career in 1957 as an assistant at KYW radio. He got a chance to become a one day when the regular announcer failed to show up. After a brief stint as a bank check sorter in Albuquerque, New Mexico, he became director for WABJ radio in Adrian, Michigan. While in Dayton, Donahue also hosted Conversation Piece, an afternoon talk show from 1963 to 1967 on WHIO radio. In Dayton, Donahue interviewed presidential candidate John F. Kennedy, late night show host Johnny Carson, human rights activist Malcolm X. In Chicago and New York City, Donahue interviewed Elton John, heavyweight boxing champions Muhammad Ali and Joe Frazier, on November 6,1967, Donahue left WHIO, moving his talk program to television with The Phil Donahue Show on WLW-D, also in Dayton. Initially, the program was only on other stations owned by the Crosley Broadcasting Corporation. But, in January 1970, The Phil Donahue Show entered nationwide syndication, in 1988, from the Rainbow Room, he presented a special honoring Mary Martin, with Steve Leeds and the Rainbow Room Orchestra, with guest vocalists Michael Feinstein, and Nancy Wilson. Bandleader Leeds sang the final number Isnt it Romantic. S, while hosting his own program, Donahue also appeared on NBCs The Today Show as a contributor, from 1979 until 1988. From 1991 to 1994 he also co-hosted Pozner/Donahue, a weekly, issues-oriented roundtable program with Soviet journalist Vladimir Pozner, which aired both on CNBC and in syndication. It was the first event of its kind in broadcasting history, Donahue hosted an audience in an American city while Pozner hosted an audience in a Soviet city, members of both audiences asked each other questions about both nations
15.
Oprah Winfrey
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Orpah Gail Winfrey, better known as Oprah Winfrey, is an American media proprietor, talk show host, actress, producer, and philanthropist. She is best known for her talk show The Oprah Winfrey Show, several assessments rank her as the most influential woman in the world. In 2013, she was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Barack Obama and honorary degrees from Duke. Winfrey was born into poverty in rural Mississippi to a single mother and later raised in an inner-city Milwaukee neighborhood. She has stated that she was molested during her childhood and early teens and became pregnant at 14, her son died in infancy. Sent to live with the man she calls her father, a barber in Tennessee, Winfrey landed a job in radio while still in high school, by the mid-1990s, she had reinvented her show with a focus on literature, self-improvement, and spirituality. From 2006 to 2008, her endorsement of Obama, by one estimate, Winfrey was named Orpah on her birth certificate after the biblical figure in the Book of Ruth, but people mispronounced it regularly and Oprah stuck. Winfrey was born in Kosciusko, Mississippi, to a teenage mother. She later said that her conception was due to a sexual encounter. Her mother, Vernita Lee, was a housemaid, Winfreys biological father is usually noted as Vernon Winfrey, a coal miner turned barber turned city councilman who had been in the Armed Forces when she was born. However, Mississippi farmer and World War II veteran Noah Robinson, a genetic test in 2006 determined that her matrilineal line originated among the Kpelle ethnic group, in the area that today is Liberia. Her genetic makeup was determined to be 89% Sub-Saharan African, 8% Native American, however, the East Asian may, given the imprecision of genetic testing, actually be Native American markers. Her grandmother taught her to read before the age of three and took her to the church, where she was nicknamed The Preacher for her ability to recite Bible verses. When Winfrey was a child, her grandmother would hit her with a stick when she did not do chores or if she misbehaved in any way. Around this time, Lee had given birth to daughter, Winfreys younger half-sister. By 1962, Lee was having difficulty raising both daughters so Winfrey was temporarily sent to live with Vernon in Nashville, Tennessee, while Winfrey was in Nashville, Lee gave birth to a third daughter who was put up for adoption and later also named Patricia. Winfrey did not learn she had a second half-sister until 2010, by the time Winfrey moved back in with Lee, Lee had also given birth to a boy named Jeffrey, Winfreys half-brother, who died of AIDS-related causes in 1989. When Winfrey discussed the alleged abuse with family members at age 24, Winfrey once commented that she had chosen not to be a mother because she had not been mothered well
16.
NPR
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NPR produces and distributes news and cultural programming. Individual public radio stations are not required to broadcast all NPR programs that are produced and its content is also available on-demand via the web, mobile, and podcasts. The organizations legal name is National Public Radio and its brand is NPR. Is NPR has been used by its hosts for many years. However, National Public Radio remains the name of the group. National Public Radio replaced the National Educational Radio Network on February 26,1970 and this act was signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson, and established the Corporation for Public Broadcasting, which created the Public Broadcasting Service in addition to NPR. A CPB organizing committee under John Witherspoon first created a Board of Directors chaired by Bernard Mayes, the board then hired Donald Quayle to be the first president of NPR with 30 employees and 90 charter member stations, and studios in Washington, D. C. NPR aired its first broadcast in April 1971, covering United States Senate hearings on the Vietnam War, a month later, the afternoon drive-time newscast All Things Considered began, on May 3,1971, first hosted by Robert Conley. NPR was primarily a production and distribution organization until 1977, when it merged with the Association of Public Radio Stations, NPR suffered an almost fatal setback in 1983 when efforts to expand services created a deficit of nearly US$7 million. After a congressional investigation and the resignation of NPRs president, Frank Mankiewicz, NPR also agreed to turn its satellite service into a cooperative venture, making it possible for non-NPR shows to get national distribution. It took NPR approximately three years to pay off the debt, delano Lewis, the president of C&P Telephone, left that position to become NPRs CEO and president in January 1994. In November 1998, NPRs board of directors hired Kevin Klose, NPR spent nearly $13 million to acquire and equip a West Coast 25, 000-square-foot production facility, NPR West, which opened in Culver City, Los Angeles County, California, in November 2002. C. In November 2003, NPR received US$235 million from the estate of the late Joan B, Kroc, the widow of Ray Kroc, founder of McDonalds Corporation. This was the largest monetary gift ever to a cultural institution, in 2004 NPRs budget increased by over 50% to US$153 million due to the Kroc gift. US$34 million of the money was deposited in its endowment, the endowment fund before the gift totaled $35 million. NPR will use the interest from the bequest to expand its news staff, the 2005 budget was about US$120 million. In August 2005, NPR entered podcasting with a directory of over 170 programs created by NPR, by November of that year, users downloaded NPR and other public radio podcasts 5 million times
17.
Coast to Coast AM
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Coast to Coast AM is an American late-night radio talk show that deals with a variety of topics. Most frequently the topics relate to either the paranormal or conspiracy theories, the program is distributed by Premiere Networks, both as part of its talk network and separately as a syndicated program. The program now airs seven nights a week 1,00 a. m. –5,00 a. m, created and originally hosted by Art Bell, the program is now hosted on most nights by George Noory. Today, the program is heard on more than 600 stations in the U. S. Canada, Australia, the Coast to Coast AM format consists of a combination of live callers and long-format interviews. The subject matter covers unusual topics and is full of stories related to callers, junk science, pseudo-experts. While program content is focused on paranormal and fringe subjects, sometimes, world-class scientists such as Michio Kaku. Since the September 11,2001 attacks, the events of that day, after the theme song is played, the broadcast is typically kicked off with a reading of current events or news stories by the host, usually with at least one bizarre or peculiar story. This is frequently followed by a guest interview for the rest of the first hour, for the last hour of the show, people may call in to ask questions of the second guest. Every so often, host George Noory will flip the format and have the longer-interview guest on first to fill the first three hours of the show. In this format, the interview begins after the reading of the news. The last hour in this flipped format will feature a guest with a shorter subject or, more often than not. Occasionally, round table discussions are held on one of the common topics. Conventional topics are discussed, with interviews with notable authors. On rare occasions, hosts have cut short when it became clear that guests were being dishonest, unethical, unintelligible, abusive. When this happens, the rest of the show will be filled with a stand-in guest of Noorys choosing, guests that have interviews cut short due to bad phone connections for example, or, at the last minute, becoming unavailable, are generally rescheduled for a later date. In 2008, Noory volunteered an elaboration of the shows policy respecting the controversial opinions of regular guests and he explained that, provided there was no element of hostility toward third parties, it was program policy to allow expression of opinion unchallenged. He gave as an example Richard C, hoaglands contention that features on Mars are artificial, constructed by a civilization that once inhabited the planet. Noory does not challenge these statements and agrees with whomever is making the statements, during hours of open lines, calls are taken and put on air
18.
Art Bell
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Arthur William Art Bell III is an American broadcaster and author known as one of the founders and the original host of the paranormal-themed radio program Coast to Coast AM. He also created and formerly hosted its companion show Dreamland, semi-retired from Coast to Coast AM since 2003, he hosted the show many weekends for the following four years. He announced his retirement from hosting on July 1,2007. He attributed the reason for his retirement to a desire to spend time with his new wife and their daughter and he added that unlike his previous retirements, this one was permanent, while leaving open the option to return. Classic Bell-hosted episodes of Coast to Coast AM can be heard in markets on Saturday nights under the name Somewhere in Time. He started a new show, Art Bells Dark Matter, on Sirius XM Radio that began on September 16,2013. He returned to radio on July 20,2015 with a new show, Midnight in the Desert, available online, via TuneIn and he retired yet again on December 11,2015, citing security concerns at his home. He and his family were subject to repeated intrusions on his property in Pahrump, in fear for his familys safety, he opted to leave the air, and ostensibly, public life, as he believed the intruder or intruders wanted him off the air. Bell founded and was the owner of Pahrump, Nevada-based radio station KNYE95.1 FM. His broadcast studio and transmitter were located near his home in Pahrump while he hosted Coast to Coast AM except from June to December 2006, when he lived in the Philippines. He and his family returned to the Philippines in March 2009, after having significant difficulties obtaining a U. S. visa for his wife, Airyn. Art Bell III was born in Jacksonville, North Carolina to Arthur Bell, Jr. a United States Marine Corps Captain, and Jane Gumaer Bell, Arthur Bell, Jr. died in 2000, and Jane Bell died December 23,2008. Bell has always interested in radio, and at the age of 13 became a licensed amateur radio operator. Bell now holds an Amateur Extra Class license, which is in the top U. S. Federal Communications Commission license class. Bell served in the U. S. Air Force as a medic during the Vietnam War and he would make a point of playing anti-war music that was not aired on the American Forces Network. After leaving military service he stayed in Asia, living on the Japanese island of Okinawa where he worked as a jockey for KSBK. While there, he set a Guinness World Record by staying on the air for 116 hours and 15 minutes, the money raised there allowed Bell to charter a DC-8, fly to Vietnam, and rescue 130 Vietnamese orphans stranded in Saigon at the wars end. They were eventually brought to the United States and adopted by American families, Bell returned to the United States and studied engineering at the University of Maryland, College Park
19.
George Noory
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George Ralph Noory is a radio talk show host. Since January 2003, Noory has been the weekday host of the radio talk show Coast to Coast AM. He has also appeared in the History channel series Ancient Aliens and in Beyond Belief, Noory grew up in Detroit with two younger sisters, the son of a Lebanese Egyptian who worked at Ford Motor Company and a Lebanese American mother. He became interested with the paranormal and ufology as a child and he attended the University of Detroit, spending two years in the pre-dental program before switching his major to Communications. He graduated with a degree in 1972. Noory served nine years in the United States Naval Reserve as a Lieutenant and he began his radio career as a newscaster with Detroit station WCAR-AM. From 1974–1978 he worked as a producer and executive news producer at WJBK-TV in Detroit. He would later serve as director for KMSP-TV in Minneapolis. He won three local Emmy Awards for his work in TV news, in St. Louis, Noory formed Norcom Entertainment, Inc. a company that developed and marketed video training films to law enforcement and security agencies. In 1987, Noory and his partners in Norcom Restaurants, Inc. opened the Café Marrakesh and Oasis Bar in Brentwood, the restaurants theme revolved around a fictional English soldier, Col. William Berry, who opened the establishment following an exciting secret mission to Marrakesh. In 1996, Noory hosted a radio program called Nighthawk on KTRS in St. Louis. Coast to Coast AM is a North American late-night radio talk show deals with a variety of topics. In April 2001, Noory became a guest host for Coast to Coast AM before replacing Ian Punnett as the Sunday night host, in January 2003, following Art Bells retirement, Noory took over as weeknight host of Coast to Coast AM. In December 2012, Gaiam TV launched Beyond Belief with George Noory, the one-hour, weekly series features Noory taped in front of a live audience at Gaiam studios in Boulder, Colo. Beyond Belief with George Noory is available exclusively on Gaiam TV, in a 2010 article about Noory published in The Atlantic, Timothy Lavin wrote, Noory can be an uneven broadcaster. But he listens, with patience, to all of his callers. According to Media Life Magazine, Noory says it doesn’t matter whether he believes what his callers, ultimately, its about entertainment, creating a show that people will be drawn to. Author and frequent Coast to Coast AM guest Whitley Strieber has commented on Noorys style, saying, hes willing to take these intellectual journeys
20.
Paranormal
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A paranormal phenomenon is different from hypothetical concepts such as dark matter and dark energy. Unlike paranormal phenomena, these concepts are based on empirical observations. The most notable paranormal beliefs include those that pertain to ghosts, extraterrestrial life, unidentified flying objects, psychic abilities or extrasensory perception, the term paranormal has existed in the English language since at least 1920. The word consists of two parts, para and normal, the definition implies that the scientific explanation of the world around us is normal and anything that is above, beyond, or contrary to that is para. On the classification of paranormal subjects, Terence Hines in his book Pseudoscience, what sets the paranormal apart from other pseudosciences is a reliance on explanations for alleged phenomena that are well outside the bounds of established science. Thus, paranormal phenomena include extrasensory perception, telekinesis, ghosts, poltergeists, life after death, reincarnation, faith healing, human auras, the explanations for these allied phenomena are phrased in vague terms of psychic forces, human energy fields, and so on. This is in contrast to many pseudoscientific explanations for other nonparanormal phenomena, in traditional belief and fiction, a ghost is a manifestation of the spirit or soul of a person. Alternative theories expand on that idea and include belief in the ghosts of deceased animals, sometimes the term ghost is used synonymously with any spirit or demon, however in popular usage the term typically refers to a deceased persons spirit. The belief in ghosts as souls of the departed is closely tied to the concept of animism, as the 19th-century anthropologist George Frazer explained in his classic work, The Golden Bough, souls were seen as the creature within that animated the body. Although the evidence for ghosts is largely anecdotal, the belief in ghosts throughout history has remained widespread, the possibility of extraterrestrial life is not, by itself, a paranormal subject. Many scientists are engaged in the search for unicellular life within the solar system, carrying out studies on the surface of Mars. Projects such as SETI are conducting a search for radio activity that would show evidence of intelligent life outside the solar system. Scientific theories of how life developed on Earth allow for the possibility that life developed on other planets as well, the paranormal aspect of extraterrestrial life centers largely around the belief in unidentified flying objects and the phenomena said to be associated with them. Early in the history of UFO culture, believers divided themselves into two camps, the first held a rather conservative view of the phenomena, interpreting them as unexplained occurrences that merited serious study. They began calling themselves ufologists in the 1950s and felt that logical analysis of sighting reports would validate the notion of extraterrestrial visitation, the second camp consisted of individuals who coupled ideas of extraterrestrial visitation with beliefs from existing quasi-religious movements. These individuals typically were enthusiasts of occultism and the paranormal, many had backgrounds as active Theosophists, Spiritualists, or were followers of other esoteric doctrines. In contemporary times, many of these beliefs have coalesced into New Age spiritual movements, both secular and spiritual believers describe UFOs as having abilities beyond what are considered possible according to known aerodynamic constraints and physical laws. The transitory events surrounding many UFO sightings also limits the opportunity for repeat testing required by the scientific method, acceptance of UFO theories by the larger scientific community is further hindered by the many possible hoaxes associated with UFO culture
21.
Conspiracy theory
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Conspiracy theories often produce hypotheses that contradict the prevailing understanding of history or simple facts. The term is a derogatory one, people formulate conspiracy theories to explain, for example, power relations in social groups and the perceived existence of evil forces. Conspiracy theories have chiefly psychological or socio-political origins, some people prefer socio-political explanations over the insecurity of encountering random, unpredictable, or otherwise inexplicable events. Some philosophers have argued that belief in conspiracy theories can be rational, the Oxford English Dictionary defines conspiracy theory as the theory that an event or phenomenon occurs as a result of a conspiracy between interested parties, spec. A belief that some covert but influential agency is responsible for an unexplained event, as a neutral term, conspiracy is derived from Latin con- and spirare. In many respects, they have a right to be angry, the phrase conspiracy theory is not neutral. It is value-laden and carries with it condemnation, ridicule, and it is a lot like the word cult, which we use to describe religions we do not like. Clare Birchall at Kings College London describes conspiracy theory as a form of knowledge or interpretation. By acquiring the knowledge, conspiracy theory is considered alongside more legitimate modes of knowing. The relationship between legitimate and illegitimate knowledge, Birchall claims, is far closer than common dismissals of conspiracy theory would have us believe, other popular knowledge might include alien abduction narratives, gossip, some new age philosophies, religious beliefs, and astrology. Harry G. West discusses conspiracy theories as a part of American popular culture, comparing them to hypernationalism, some theories have dealt with censorship and excoriation from the law such as the Holocaust denial. Currently, conspiracy theories are present on the Web in the form of blogs and YouTube videos. Whether the Web has increased the prevalence of conspiracy theories or not is a research question. By contrast, the term Watergate conspiracy theory is used to refer to a variety of hypotheses in which those convicted in the conspiracy were in fact the victims of a deeper conspiracy. In criminal law, a conspiracy is an agreement between two or more persons to commit a crime at some time in the future, as one basic American police academy text defines it, When a crime requires a large number of people, a conspiracy is formed. Conspiracy theory examines the actions of secretive coalitions of individuals. S, sociologist Türkay Salim Nefes underlines the political nature of conspiracy theories. He suggests that one of the most important characteristics of these accounts is their attempt to unveil the real, according to Barkun, the appeal of conspiracism is threefold, First, conspiracy theories claim to explain what institutional analysis cannot. They appear to sense out of a world that is otherwise confusing
22.
The Best Damn Sports Show Period
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The Best Damn Sports Show Period is an American sports television show that aired on Fox Sports Net and Comcast SportsNet. The show regularly featured irreverent and opinionated interviews with top athletes, coaches, celebrities and it also aired Top 50 countdown shows and other sports specialty shows. Since its debut on July 23,2001, BDSSP welcomed thousands of guests, the last original show aired June 30,2009, however, FSN will tape a handful of Top 50 specials. In 1999, FSNs nightly sports news show - Fox Sports News, the decision was made to do a sports roundtable type of show with the same camaraderie and energy as the Fox NFL Sunday pregame show. However, the new show on FSN would focus on not just football, Fox Sports president David Hill modeled many aspects of the show from The Footy Show, a sports talk show which covered the Australian Football League in Australia. The preliminary idea for the format of the new show for FSN would have one main host and it would interweave sports talk with comedic sports-related content. In June 2001, the producers started doing screen tests with over 30 different TV hosts, Tom Arnold was one of the celebrities called to try out as the comedian of the show. At first, he says he was reluctant to do it, and didnt know what expect, so he was a part of one of the last test-runs of the panel, and was signed to the show. One week before the show was to launch, National Sports Report sports anchor Chris Rose was called to help sit-in, what was a temporary rehearsal turned into a permanent gig, as Rose was named main host. The original cast was set, Chris Rose, Tom Arnold, former NBA player Reggie Theus, former NFL Defensive End Deacon Jones, and former Philadelphia Phillies 1st baseman John Kruk. The show debuted quietly at midnight on July 23,2001 as a weeknight show on Fox Sports Net with former NFL great Jim Brown as its very first guest. The network deliberately launched the show without much fanfare and hype, in what was called a launch, knowing that there still might be adjustments. Within two months, former Detroit Piston John Salley replaced Reggie Theus and St. Louis Rams lineman DMarco Farr replaced Jones, lisa Guerrero sat behind the anchor desk and reported on sports updates highlights. The show led off with all the hosts talking about three to four current sports issues and topics, Sports media writers were quick to pan the show, with one sports columnist writing, If youre looking for high-minded talk. This isnt the show for you, to enjoy, you must suspend your intelligence and good taste before turning on the TV. The show is locker-room humor at its best, or worst, in November 2001, the Los Angeles Times wrote, Its certainly not the worst either, and its getting a lot better. A growing amount of athletes and celebrities started to attend the show. The show quickly gained more credibility in its first few months with big-name guests such as Arnold Schwarzenegger, Sammy Sosa, Shaquille ONeal, a main part of the shows set was The Cage, where guests performed varying athletic challenges with the hosts
23.
Max Kellerman
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Max Kellerman is an American boxing commentator and sports television personality. Ever since it was announced on June 24,2013, Kellerman, Michelle Beadle, since July 25,2016 Kellerman has been a co-host on ESPNs First Take alongside Stephen A. Smith and Molly Qerim. Kellerman was previously best known for his work at ESPN, where he was a commentator with Brian Kenny on Friday Night Fights. His first broadcasting experience was as a teenager on a New York City public-access television cable TV program on professional boxing called Max on Boxing, given the medium, the show was quite simple but nevertheless caught the attention of the boxing community, including a young Mike Tyson. In November 2002 he was given his own show and, influenced by Pardon the Interruption, became the architect and he would discuss sports news with Michael Holley, former Around the Horn panelist, and Bill Wolff. Max took time off from the show after his brothers death and he later returned, but despite his show garnering the networks highest ratings for a period of time, it was canceled by Fox. The last I, Max show aired on February 18,2005, Max also was the co-host of Spike TVs 2006 series, King of Vegas. In 2005, Tucker Carlson announced that Kellerman would be a permanent contributor on his MSNBC show Tucker, on a segment of the show called The Outsider, Kellerman generally took the position selected by Carlson. Frequently, Carlson introduced Kellerman with a bio containing a humorously enthusiastic compliment, the show was canceled in March 2008. Starting in the week of August 21,2006, Kellerman did at least two nights of shows at 7 PM for WEPN1050 ESPN Radio in New York City. On August 28,2006, it was announced that Brandon Tierney would be taking over at 7 PM, on October 23,2006, Max began hosting the 10 AM to noon program on WEPN, replacing ESPNs nationally broadcast Colin Cowherd program. In September 2007, Kellerman began hosting an hour, extending the show to 1 pm. Two months later, ESPNEWS and SportsCenter host Brian Kenny joined the show as co-host, on February 4,2008, the show was added to XM Radio on ESPN Xtra. In the fall of 2008, Kenny left the program to attend to his SportsCenter duties. Kellerman and ESPN radio mutually ended their relationship on March 9,2009, evening host Brandon Tierney temporarily filled in Kellerman, and Colin Cowherd took his timeslot. Kellerman continues his boxing broadcast work, now working at HBO and he was originally hired for the networks Boxing After Dark telecasts, working alongside Fran Charles and Lennox Lewis. In 2007, Kellerman moved up to the HBO World Championship Boxing main team alongside Jim Lampley, Harold Lederman, and a rotating guest analyst, usually Roy Jones Jr. or the late Emanuel Steward. On May 12,2010, it was announced Kellerman had been hired by CNN, Kellerman will weigh in on sports and pop culture issues on CNN American Morning and he has previously served as a contributor to MSNBC
24.
Public-access television
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Public-access television is often grouped with public, educational, and government access television channels, under the acronym PEG. PEG channels are only available on cable television systems. It is not public-access television, and has no connection with cable-only PEG television channels, although non-commercial educational television bears some resemblance to the E of PEG, PBS bears little resemblance to public-access television. The PBS service generally does not offer local programming content, instead, it broadcasts content produced for a national audience distributed via satellites. These qualities are in stark contrast to PEG channel content, which is locally produced. And in the case of the P, public-access television, the facilities, PBS is also funded by the federal government of the United States. PEG channels are funded by cable television companies through revenues derived from cable television franchise fees, member fees, grants. Also, at same time in New York City, Fred Friendly, head of the Cable TV and Communications Commission. The rent for equipment usage and studio time was opposed and later dropped and this free-access requirement was the contractual beginnings of PEG. The public policy origins begin at the level with the concept of local origination. It was the first attempt by officials at the Federal Communications Commission to create a service like PEG through regulation of the cable industry, the concept of local programming persisted, however the rules have been modified to say Origination cablecasting. Programing carried on a television system over one or more channels. The term is generally accepted to refer to television programming that is not produced by a commercial broadcasting company or other media source for national or international distribution. Thus, if CATV operators we considered common carriers, then they certainly would have to all persons access to carriage on their cable channels. However, this was rejected by the Supreme Court of the United States in the Midwest Video decision. S. Television markets to offer three access-channels, one each for public, educational, and local government use, Cable companies saw this regulation as an unlawful intrusion by the federal government into their business practices, and immediately started challenging the legality of these new rules. Two important United States Supreme Court cases involved a company known as Midwest Video, in United States v. Midwest Video Corp.406 U. S.649, the Supreme Court upheld the FCCs requirements for Local Origination facilities. However the public-access television requirement did not survive legal scrutiny seven years later, the Supreme Court explicitly rejected the notion that cable companies were common carriers, meaning that all persons must be provided carriage
25.
Cable television
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This contrasts with broadcast television, in which the television signal is transmitted over the air by radio waves and received by a television antenna attached to the television. FM radio programming, high-speed Internet, telephone services, and similar non-television services may also be provided through these cables, analog television was standard in the 20th century, but since the 2000s, cable systems have been upgraded to digital cable operation. A cable channel is a television network available via cable television, alternative terms include non-broadcast channel or programming service, the latter being mainly used in legal contexts. Examples of cable/satellite channels/cable networks available in many countries are HBO, MTV, Cartoon Network, E. Eurosport, the abbreviation CATV is often used for cable television. It originally stood for Community Access Television or Community Antenna Television, in areas where over-the-air TV reception was limited by distance from transmitters or mountainous terrain, large community antennas were constructed, and cable was run from them to individual homes. The origins of cable broadcasting for radio are even older as radio programming was distributed by cable in some European cities as far back as 1924, Cable television has gone through a series of steps of evolution in the United States and Canada. Particularly in Canada, communities with their own signals were fertile cable markets, as viewers wanted to receive American signals. Early systems carried only a maximum of seven channels, using 2,4,5 or 6,7,9,11 and 13, as the equipment was unable to confine the signal discreetly within the assigned channel bandwidth. The reason 4 and 5 along with 6 and 7 could be used together was because of the 4 MHz gap between 4 and 5 and the nearly 90 MHz gap between 6 and 7. Even though eight channels are listed, in systems that maximized 7 channels. As equipment improved, all channels could be utilized, except where a local VHF television station broadcast. Local broadcast channels were not usable for signals deemed to be priority, later, the cable operators began to carry FM radio stations, and encouraged subscribers to connect their FM stereo sets to cable. Before stereo and bilingual TV sound became common, Pay-TV channel sound was added to the FM stereo cable line-ups, about this time, operators expanded beyond the 12-channel dial to use the midband and superband VHF channels adjacent to the high band 7-13 of North American television frequencies. Some operators as in Cornwall, Ontario, used a dual distribution network with Channels 2-13 on each of the two cables, during the 1980s, United States regulations not unlike public, educational, and government access created the beginning of cable-originated live television programming. These stations evolved partially into todays over-the-air digital subchannels, where a main broadcast TV station e. g, many live local programs with local interests were subsequently created all over the United States in most major television markets in the early 1980s. This evolved into todays many cable-only broadcasts of diverse programming, including cable-only produced television movies and miniseries, Cable specialty channels, starting with channels oriented to show movies and large sporting or performance events, diversified further, and narrowcasting became common. By the late 1980s, cable-only signals outnumbered broadcast signals on cable systems, by the mid-1980s in Canada, cable operators were allowed by the regulator to enter into distribution contracts with cable networks on their own. By the 1990s, tiers became common, with customers able to subscribe to different tiers to obtain different selections of additional channels above the basic selection, by subscribing to additional tiers, customers could get specialty channels, movie channels, and foreign channels
26.
Television
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Television or TV is a telecommunication medium used for transmitting moving images in monochrome, or in color, and in two or three dimensions and sound. The term can refer to a set, a television program. Television is a medium for entertainment, education, news, politics, gossip. Television became available in experimental forms in the late 1920s. After World War II, a form of black-and-white TV broadcasting became popular in the United States and Britain, and television sets became commonplace in homes, businesses. During the 1950s, television was the medium for influencing public opinion. In the mid-1960s, color broadcasting was introduced in the US, for many reasons, the storage of television and video programming now occurs on the cloud. At the end of the first decade of the 2000s, digital television transmissions greatly increased in popularity, another development was the move from standard-definition television to high-definition television, which provides a resolution that is substantially higher. HDTV may be transmitted in various formats, 1080p, 1080i, in 2013, 79% of the worlds households owned a television set. Most TV sets sold in the 2000s were flat-panel, mainly LEDs, major manufacturers announced the discontinuation of CRT, DLP, plasma, and even fluorescent-backlit LCDs by the mid-2010s. In the near future, LEDs are gradually expected to be replaced by OLEDs, also, major manufacturers have announced that they will increasingly produce smart TVs in the mid-2010s. Smart TVs with integrated Internet and Web 2.0 functions became the dominant form of television by the late 2010s, Television signals were initially distributed only as terrestrial television using high-powered radio-frequency transmitters to broadcast the signal to individual television receivers. Alternatively television signals are distributed by cable or optical fiber, satellite systems and. Until the early 2000s, these were transmitted as analog signals, a standard television set is composed of multiple internal electronic circuits, including a tuner for receiving and decoding broadcast signals. A visual display device which lacks a tuner is correctly called a video monitor rather than a television, the word television comes from Ancient Greek τῆλε, meaning far, and Latin visio, meaning sight. The Anglicised version of the term is first attested in 1907 and it was. formed in English or borrowed from French télévision. In the 19th century and early 20th century, other. proposals for the name of a technology for sending pictures over distance were telephote. The abbreviation TV is from 1948, the use of the term to mean a television set dates from 1941
27.
Joe Franklin
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His television show began in January 1951 on WJZ-TV and moved to WOR-TV from 1962 to 1993. Franklin was born Joseph Fortgang on March 9,1926, in The Bronx, New York and he admitted in his memoirs, Up Late With Joe Franklin, that his press materials had long said that he had been born in 1928. As a teenager, Franklin followed around Al Jolson and Eddie Cantor and his father sold pushcarts and bags to shoppers on Manhattans East Side and moved his family there to the neighborhood known as Yorkville. Franklin said his father called him crackpot because of his passion for vaudeville, silent movies, Franklin went to the movies primarily with his childhood friend Tony Curtis, who would later become an actor. After graduation from Benjamin Franklin High School in 1944, he was drafted into the U. S. Army and he was found to have flat feet and sent home from training in Texas. By the time he was 21, he embarked on a radio career and he was also considered to be an authority on popular culture of the first half of the 20th century, including silent films. He was called The King of Nostalgia and The Wizard of Was for focusing on old-time show-business personalities, Franklin was also a pioneer in promoting products such as Hoffman Beverages and Canada Dry ginger ale on the air. A&Es documentary Its Only Talk, The Real Story Of Americas Talk Shows credits Franklin as the creator of the talk show. Franklin was listed in the Guinness World Records as the longest running continuous on-air TV talk show host, Franklins celebrity interviews, known as Nostalgia Moments, appeared daily on the Bloomberg Radio Network until mid-January 2015, shortly before his death. Franklins guests included an odd mix of celebrities and low level performers. He claimed to have had Charlie Chaplin on his program, a statement since Chaplin left the USA in 1952. Bette Midler was the shows in-house singer for a time, Franklin never employed a co-host, but his producer, Richie Ornstein, was a standard feature on the Joe Franklin Show who interacted with guests and discussed trivia. Frank Sinatra reportedly appeared four times, Joe Franklins Restaurant operated as a Comedy Club where many aspiring comics got their first stage time until February 2010. Franklin appeared as himself in such New York-based films as Ghostbusters, Broadway Danny Rose, Franklin appeared on the first episode of This American Life giving host Ira Glass advice on how to have a successful show. He was also a guest on an episode of Space Ghost Coast to Coast. Franklins show was first parodied by Billy Crystal during the 1984–1985 season of Saturday Night Live, in 1997, Franklin was profiled in the documentary film 50,000,000 Joe Franklin Fans Cant Be Wrong, directed by Joshua Brown. Franklin, who appears in the film, considered filing a defamation lawsuit against Silverman. In 2014, Franklin starred in Owen Kline and Andrew Lamperts short film Jazzy for Joe, Franklin died of prostate cancer at a Manhattan hospice on January 24,2015, aged 88
28.
WABC-TV
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WABC-TV, channel 7, is the flagship station of the ABC Television Network, located in New York City. WABC-TV is owned by the ABC Owned Television Stations subsidiary of the Disney-ABC Television Group division of the Disney Media Networks subsidiary of The Walt Disney Company. The stations studios and offices are located near Lincoln Square on the Upper West Side of Manhattan, adjacent to ABCs corporate headquarters, its transmitter is atop the Empire State Building. WABC-TV is best known in broadcasting circles for its version of the Eyewitness News format and for its morning show, in the few areas of the eastern United States where an ABC station isnt receivable over-the-air, WABC is available on satellite via DirecTV and Dish Network. The station signed on August 10,1948, as WJZ-TV, Channel 7s call letters came from its then-sister radio station, WJZ. The stations original transmitter site was atop The Pierre Hotel at 2 East 61st Street, the stations original studios were located at 77 West 66th Street, with studios at 7 West 66th Street. An underground tunnel linked ABC studios at 7 West 66th Street to the lobby of the Hotel des Artistes, another studio inside the Hotel des Artistes was used for Eyewitness News Conference. S. At about the time, construction was started at 30 West 67th Street on the site of a former parking lot. Both buildings were completed in June 1979 and WABC-TV moved its offices from 77 West 66th Street to 7 Lincoln Square, transmitter maintenance engineer Donald DiFranco died in the attack. The station eventually established transmission facilities at the Empire State Building, on May 27,2007, WABC-TVs studios suffered major damage as the result of a fire that knocked the station off the air shortly before the start of the 11,00 PM Newscast. The stations building was evacuated and the fire was brought under control, though the studio was said to be damaged, having suffered smoke. WABC-TV resumed broadcasting at around 1,00 AM on May 28,2007, starting with the 5,00 PM Newscast on June 20,2007, the station resumed the Eyewitness News and Live. Broadcasts from its studios at Columbus Avenue and 66th Street. WABC-TV discontinued regular programming on its analog signal, over VHF channel 7, at 12,30 PM on June 12,2009, the stations digital signal relocated from its pre-transition UHF channel 45 to VHF channel 7. WABCs digital signal was difficult to receive over-the-air in New York City. On June 29,2009, WABC filed an application with the FCC to increase power from 11.69 kW to 27 kW, on January 31,2010, the FCC granted a special temporary authority for the station to increase power to 26.9 kW. WABCs sister station, WPVI-TV in Philadelphia was also pulled from Cablevisions New Jersey systems in Mercer, Ocean, in July 2010, ABCs parent company Disney announced that it was involved in a carriage dispute with Time Warner Cable, its first with that provider in 10 Years. This dispute involved 4 ABC owned-and-operated stations, Disney Channel and the ESPN networks, if a deal wasnt in place, the affected stations and cable channels wouldve been removed from Time Warner and Bright House Networks systems across the country
29.
WWOR-TV
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WWOR-TV, channel 9, is the flagship station of the MyNetworkTV programming service, licensed to Secaucus, New Jersey, United States, and serving the New York City television market. It is owned by the Fox Television Stations division of 21st Century Fox as a station to Foxs flagship station. Its transmitter is located atop the Empire State Building, channel 9 signed on the air on October 11,1949 as WOR-TV. It was owned by the Bamberger Broadcasting Service, which also operated WOR radio, exactly ten months earlier, Bamberger launched Washington, D. C. s fourth television station, WOIC, also on channel 9. WOR-TV entered the New York market as the last of the citys VHF stations to sign on, on WOR-TVs opening night, a welcome address was read by WOR radios morning host, John B. However, the portion of the speech was not heard because of a technical glitch. The problem was fixed and Gambling repeated the later that evening. That first broadcast and other early WOR-TV shows emanated from the New Amsterdam Roof Theatre, for a short time, the stations transmitter operated from WOR TV Tower in North Bergen, New Jersey and was later moved to the Empire State Building. In 1949, the station moved uptown to the newly constructed 9 Television Square facility on West 67th Street, at the start of 1950, Bamberger Broadcasting changed its name to General Teleradio. Later that year, WOIC was sold to a joint venture of the Washington Post and CBS, in 1953, WOR-TV began operating a separate studio for news and special events programming located on the 83rd floor of the Empire State Building. The subsidiaries were brought together under the General Teleradio name. The main impetus for the merger was to give General Tire a controlling share in Mutual Radio Network, the merger also raised speculation that Mutual would launch a television network, plans that were discussed since before WOR-TV went on the air but ultimately did not come to fruition. During the early years of RKO General ownership, WOR-TV moved back to Times Square, channel 9s studios were co-located with WOR radio at 1440 Broadway for several years. During the 1950s and early 1960s, all three of New Yorks independents struggled to find competitive and acceptable programming, the field would increase by one in 1956 when former DuMont flagship station WABD became an independent. Until 1990, the station had a tradition of showing King Kong, Son of Kong and Mighty Joe Young on Thanksgiving, in 1962, nostalgia maven Joe Franklin moved his daily talk program to WOR-TV, after a 12-year run on WABC-TV. The Joe Franklin Show ended on August 6,1993, making it one of the programs in television history. In 1968, the continued to maintain offices at 1440 Broadway. By the early 1970s, WNEW-TV evolved into the station for cartoons and sitcoms
30.
The Tonight Show
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The Tonight Show is an American late-night talk show currently broadcast from the Rockefeller Center in New York City and airing on NBC since 1954. It is the worlds longest-running talk show, and the longest running and it is the third-longest-running show on NBC, after the news-and-talk shows Today and Meet the Press. Over the course of more than 60 years, The Tonight Show has undergone only minor title changes and it aired under the name Tonight for several of its early years, eventually settling on The Tonight Show after the seating of long-time host Johnny Carson in 1962. In 1957, the show briefly tried a more news-style format and it has otherwise remained a talk show throughout its run. The Tonight Show began broadcasting in 1954 and it has had six official hosts, beginning with Steve Allen, followed by Jack Paar, Johnny Carson, Jay Leno, Conan OBrien, and Jimmy Fallon. It has had recurring guest hosts, a practice especially common during the Paar. Carson is the longest-serving host to date, the Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson aired for 30 seasons between October 1962 and May 1992. Leno, however, has the record of having hosted the greatest number of total televised episodes, during Johnny Carsons first eighteen years, the show ran for ninety minutes. During Johnnys 1980 contract negotiations, the show was shortened to sixty minutes, besides the guest hosts Johnny used, NBC ran The Best of Carson which was reruns of popular older shows Johnny had done. Prior to the starting of Saturday Night Live in 1975, NBC showed The Best of Carson on Saturday nights at 11,30 pm, outside of its brief run as a news show in 1957, OBrien is the shortest-serving host. OBrien hosted 146 episodes over the course of less than eight months, current host Fallon took the helm on February 17,2014. Fallon had previously hosted Late Night, and before Late Night he was a member of the cast of Saturday Night Live. From 1950 to 1951 NBC aired Broadway Open House, a variety show hosted primarily by comic Jerry Lester. Broadway… demonstrated the potential for late-night network programming. The format of The Tonight Show can be traced to a nightly 40-minute local program in New York, hosted by Allen and it was quickly retitled The Steve Allen Show. This premiered in 1953 on WNBT-TV, the local affiliate in New York City. Beginning in September 1954, it was renamed Tonight. and began its run on the full NBC network. Notes for hosting history The first Tonight announcer was Gene Rayburn, when the show became a success, Allen got a primetime Sunday comedy/variety show in June 1956, leading him to share Tonight hosting duties with Ernie Kovacs during the 1956–57 season
31.
The Late Late Show (Irish TV series)
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The Late Late Show, with its title often shortened to The Late Late, is an Irish chat show. It is the worlds second longest-running chat show, after the American The Tonight Show.30, having maintained the same name and format continuously, The Late Late Show was first broadcast on Friday,6 July 1962 at 23.20 and in colour from 1976. Originating as temporary summer filler for a niche Saturday night audience, the format has remained largely the same throughout—dialogue, comic sketches, musical performances, discourse on topical issues. It has influenced attitudes of the populace towards approval or disapproval of its topics, directed social change. It averages 650,000 viewers per episode and has consistently achieved RTÉs highest ratings, for much of its early life, RTÉ Television Centres Studio 1 in Donnybrook, Dublin was its home—this original studio accommodated a small audience of about 120. In 1995, The Late Late Show transferred to the more spacious Studio 4, adapted specifically to cater for this, three external broadcasts have aired, most recently from the Wexford Opera House on 5 September 2008. Original host Gay Byrne presented for nearly 40 years, holding out until the end of the millennium, Pat Kenny was Byrnes successor hosting the show for 10 years between 1999-2009. Ryan Tubridy now fills the role of presenter, having succeeded Kenny in September 2009, under Tubridy, first Quinn Group and then Sky Broadband added sponsorship deals—after a sterile final season with Kenny at the helm. Tubridys arrival coincided with an increase in audience ratings with some early statistics comparing him to the Byrne era. Kenny was to make a return as host on 1 February 2013. The first episode aired on Friday 6 July 1962 at 23,20, Gay Byrne was the first presenter. He was then a young Irish broadcaster working with Granada Television in Britain, while there he had become the first person to introduce The Beatles on television on People and Places. The populace had no experience of television and were unprepared for The Late Late Show bringing such discussion into their homes. Indeed, the politician Oliver J. Flanagan, whilst guesting on the show, proclaimed there to have no sex in Ireland until Teilifís Éireann went on the air. Archbishop of Dublin, John Charles McQuaid, was confronted by a guest in the shows first series—a sensational, many more such events would follow, each contributing to the folklore and mythical qualities of The Late Late Show. The latter tended to be far the weightier in content, as people who were connected with the defined topic sat in the audience. In the late 1960s, with the start of BBC2 in the neighbouring United Kingdom, frank Hall presented The Late Late Show in Byrnes absence. However, after one year, Byrne returned to RTÉ to present his old show, few of the 1960s editions of The Late Late Show exist, as it was prohibitively expensive to use tape to record at this time
32.
Steve Allen
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Stephen Valentine Patrick William Steve Allen was an American television personality, musician, composer, actor, comedian, writer and advocate of scientific skepticism. He achieved notability as the first host of The Tonight Show, though he got his start in radio, Allen is best known for his television career. He first gained attention as a guest host on Arthur Godfreys Talent Scouts. After he hosted the The Tonight Show, he went on to host numerous game and variety shows, including his own The Steve Allen Show, Ive Got a Secret and he was a regular panel member on CBS Whats My Line. From 1977 until 1981, he wrote, produced and hosted the award-winning show Meeting of Minds, Allen was a creditable pianist and a prolific composer, having written over 8,500 songs, some of which were recorded by numerous leading singers. Allen won the 1964 Grammy Award for Best Original Jazz Composition, Allen wrote more than 50 books, including novels, childrens books, and books of opinions, including his final book, Vulgarians at the Gate, Trash TV and Raunch Radio. In 1996 Allen was presented with the Martin Gardner Lifetime Achievement Award from the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry and he has two stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame and a Hollywood theater named in his honor. Allen was born in New York City, the son of Billy and Isabelle Allen, Allen was raised on the South Side of Chicago by his mothers Irish Catholic family. Milton Berle once called Allens mother the funniest woman in vaudeville, Allens first radio job was on station KOY in Phoenix, Arizona, after he left Arizona State Teachers College in Tempe, while still a sophomore. He enlisted in the U. S. Army during World War II and was trained as an infantryman and he spent his service time at Camp Roberts, California, and did not serve overseas. Allen returned to Phoenix before deciding to back to California. During a shows segment, Allen went into the audience with the microphone to ad lib on-air for the first time and his radio show attracted a huge local following, and in 1950 it replaced Our Miss Brooks, exposing Allen to a national audience for the first time. Allens first television experience had come in 1949 when he answered an ad for a TV announcer for professional wrestling and he knew nothing about wrestling, so he watched some shows and discovered that the announcers did not have well-defined names for the holds. When he got the job, he created names for many of the holds, now the boys go into a double pretzel bend with variations on a theme by Velox and Yolanda. After CBS radio gave Allen a weekly prime time show, CBS television believed it could groom him for national small-screen stardom, the Steve Allen Show premiered at 11 am on Christmas Day,1950, and was later moved into a thirty-minute, early evening slot. This new show required him to uproot his family and move from LA to New York, the show was canceled in 1952, after which CBS tried several shows to showcase Allens talent. Allen achieved national attention when he was pressed into service at the last minute to host Arthur Godfreys Talent Scouts because Godfrey was unable to appear. Allen turned one of Godfreys live Lipton commercials upside down, preparing tea and instant soup on camera, with the audience uproariously and thoroughly entertained, Allen gained major recognition as a comedian and host
33.
Jack Paar
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Jack Harold Paar was an American author, radio and television comedian and talk show host, best known for his stint as host of The Tonight Show from 1957 to 1962. Time magazines obituary noted that, His fans would remember him as the fellow who split talk show history into two eras, Before Paar and Below Paar, Paar was born in 1918 in Canton, Ohio, the son of Lillian M. and Howard Paar. He moved with his family to Jackson, Michigan, approximately 40 miles south of Lansing, as a child he had a stuttering problem which he conquered. He contracted tuberculosis when he was 14, and left school at 16, Jack Paar, he recalled doing utility duty at WGAR in 1938 when Orson Welles broadcast his famous simulated alien invasion, The War of the Worlds over the CBS network. Attempting to calm possible panicked listeners, Paar announced, The world is not coming to an end, when have I ever lied to you. Paar was drafted into the military in 1943 during World War II and he was assigned to the U. S. O in the South Pacific to entertain the troops. He was a clever, wise cracking master of ceremonies whose impersonations of officers nearly got him into trouble, after World War II, Paar worked in radio as a fill-in on The Breakfast Club show and appeared as a panelist on The $64 Question. He got his big break when Jack Benny, who had been impressed by Paars U. S. O, performances, suggested that Paar serve as his 1947 summer replacement. Paar was enough of a hit on Bennys show that Bennys sponsor, American Tobacco Company decided to keep him on the air, the show was then terminated, earning Paar an enduring image as a spoiled kid. A profile of Paar by the Museum of Broadcast Communications suggests that Paar later emulated Bennys mannerisms. Paar also signed as a player for Howard Hughes RKO Pictures in the immediate post war period, appearing as the emcee in the movie Variety Time. He later recalled that RKO producers had trouble figuring out what kind of characters he could play, until one of the executives dubbed him, Kay Kyser. Paar projected a pleasant personality on film, and RKO called him back to emcee another filmed vaudeville show, Paar also appeared in the 1950 film, Walk Softly, Stranger, with Joseph Cotten. In 1951, he played Marilyn Monroes boyfriend in the 20th Century Fox film Love Nest, in 1956, he gave radio one more try, hosting a disc jockey effort, The Jack Paar Show, on ABC. Paar once described this show as so modest we did it from the basement rumpus room of our house in Bronxville and he guest starred twice in 1958 on Polly Bergens short-lived NBC comedy/variety show, The Polly Bergen Show. NBC asked Paar to succeed Steve Allen as host of The Tonight Show, Paar hosted the program from 1957 to 1962 during the peak of the series national attention. At first, the show was called Tonight Starring Jack Paar, Paar was often unpredictable, emotional, and principled. Paars emotional nature made the routine of putting together a 105-minute program difficult to continue for more than five years
34.
Dick Cavett
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Richard Alva Dick Cavett is an American television personality and former talk show host notable for his conversational style and in-depth discussions. Cavett appeared regularly on nationally broadcast television in the United States in five consecutive decades, the 1960s through the 2000s. Cavett was born in Nebraska, but sources differ as to the town, locating his birthplace in either Gibbon, where his family lived, or nearby Kearney. Cavett himself has stated that Gibbon was his birthplace and his mother, Erabel Era, and his father, Alva B. When asked by Lucille Ball on his own show about his heritage, he said he was Scottish, Irish, English, and possibly partly French, and he also mentioned that one grandfather came over from England, and the other from Wales. Cavetts grandparents all lived in Grand Island, Nebraska and his paternal grandparents were Alva A. Cavett and Gertrude Pinsch. His paternal grandfather was from Diller, Nebraska and his grandmother was an immigrant from Aachen. His maternal grandparents were the Rev. R. R. the Rev. Richards was from Carmarthen, Wales, and was a Baptist minister who served parishes across central Nebraska. Cavetts parents taught in Comstock, Gibbon, and Grand Island, three years later, both of his parents landed teaching positions in Lincoln, Nebraska, where Cavett completed his education at Capitol, Prescott, and Irving schools and Lincoln High School. When Cavett was ten, his mother died of cancer at age 36 and his father subsequently married Dorcas Deland, also an educator, originally from Alliance, Nebraska. On September 24,1995, Lincoln Public Schools dedicated the new Dorcas C. Cavett Elementary School in their honor. In eighth grade, Cavett directed a live Saturday-morning radio show sponsored by the Junior League, one of his high-school classmates was actress Sandy Dennis. Cavett was elected president of the student council in high school. Before leaving for college, he worked as a caddy at the Lincoln Country Club and he also began performing magic shows for $35 a night under the tutelage of Gene Gloye. In 1952, Cavett attended the convention of the International Brotherhood of Magicians in St. Louis, around the same time, he met fellow magician Johnny Carson,11 years his senior, who was doing a magic act at a church in Lincoln. While attending Yale University, Cavett played in and directed dramas on the radio station, WYBC. In his senior year, he changed his major from English to drama and he also took advantage of any opportunity to meet stars, routinely going to shows in New York to hang around stage doors or venture backstage. He would go so far as to carry a copy of Variety or a piece of company stationery in order to look inconspicuous while sneaking backstage or into a TV studio
35.
Edward R. Murrow
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Edward R. Murrow KBE was an American broadcast journalist. He was generally referred to as Ed Murrow, during the war he assembled a team of foreign correspondents who came to be known as the Murrow Boys. A pioneer of television broadcasting, Murrow produced a series of reports that helped lead to the censure of Senator Joseph McCarthy. Murrow was born Egbert Roscoe Murrow at Polecat Creek, near Greensboro, in Guilford County, North Carolina and he was the youngest of three brothers and was a mixture of English, Scottish, Irish and German descent. The firstborn, Roscoe Jr. lived only a few hours, lacey Van Buren was four years old and Dewey Roscoe was two years old when Murrow was born. His home was a log cabin without electricity or plumbing, on a farm bringing in only a few hundred dollars a year from corn and hay. When Murrow was six years old, his family moved across the country to Skagit County in western Washington and he attended high school in nearby Edison, and was president of the student body in his senior year and excelled on the debate team. He was also a member of the team which won the Skagit County championship. After graduation from school in 1926, Murrow enrolled at Washington State College across the state in Pullman. A member of the Kappa Sigma fraternity, he was active in college politics. By his teen years, Murrow went by the nickname Ed and during his year of college. After earning his bachelors degree in 1930, he moved back east to New York and he married Janet Huntington Brewster on March 12,1935. Their son, Charles Casey Murrow, was born in the west of London on November 6,1945, Murrow joined CBS as director of talks and education in 1935 and remained with the network for his entire career. CBS did not have news staff when Murrow joined, save for announcer Bob Trout, Murrows job was to line up newsmakers who would appear on the network to talk about the issues of the day. But the onetime Washington State speech major was intrigued by Trouts on-air delivery, Murrow went to London in 1937 to serve as the director of CBSs European operations. The position did not involve on-air reporting, his job was persuading European figures to broadcast over the CBS network, during this time, he made frequent trips around Europe. In 1937, Murrow hired journalist William L. Shirer, and this marked the beginning of the Murrow Boys team of war reporters. Murrow gained his first glimpse of fame during the March 1938 Anschluss, Murrow immediately sent Shirer to London, where he delivered an uncensored, eyewitness account of the Anschluss
36.
Game show
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Alternatively, a gameshow can be a demonstrative program about a game. In the former, contestants may be invited from a pool of public applicants, on some shows, contestants compete against other players or another team, while other shows involve contestants playing alone for a reward or a high score. Game shows often reward players with prizes such as cash, trips and goods and services provided by the shows sponsor prize suppliers, One of the reasons that television broadcasters make game shows is because they are substantially less costly than producing scripted drama shows. Some TV game shows fall under the category of reality television, Television game shows descended from similar programs on radio. The very first television show, Spelling Bee, was broadcast in 1938. Truth or Consequences was the first game show to air on commercially licensed television and its first episode aired in 1941 as an experimental broadcast. Over the course of the 1950s, as began to pervade the popular culture. Daytime game shows would be played for lower stakes to target stay-at-home housewives, higher-stakes programs would air in primetime. During the late 1950s, high-stakes games such as Twenty One, however, the rise of quiz shows proved to be short-lived. In 1959, many of the higher stakes game shows were discovered to be rigged, an early variant of the game show, the panel game, survived the quiz show scandals. On shows like Whats My Line, ive Got A Secret and To Tell The Truth, panels of celebrities would interview a guest in an effort to determine some fact about them, in others, celebrities would answer questions. Panel games had success in primetime until the late 1960s, when they were dropped from television because of their perceived “low budget” nature. Panel games made a comeback in American daytime television in the 1970s through comedy-driven shows such as Match Game, mock the Week, QI and 8 Out of 10 Cats, all of which put a heavy emphasis on comedy, leaving the points as mere formalities. The focus on quick-witted comedians has resulted in ratings, which. Game shows remained a fixture of US daytime television through the 1960s after the quiz show scandals, lower-stakes games made a slight comeback in daytime in the early 1960s, examples include Jeopardy. Which began in 1964 and the version of The Match Game first aired in 1962. Lets Make a Deal began in 1963 and the 1960s also marked the debut of Hollywood Squares, Password, The Dating Game, though CBS gave up on daytime game shows in 1968, the other networks did not follow suit. Color television was introduced to the game genre in the late 1960s on all three networks
37.
The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon
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The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon is an American late-night talk show hosted by Jimmy Fallon on NBC. The show premiered on February 17,2014, and is produced by Broadway Video and it is the seventh incarnation of NBCs long-running Tonight Show franchise, with Fallon serving as the sixth host. The show also stars sidekick and announcer Steve Higgins and house band The Roots, the Tonight Show is produced by Katie Hockmeyer and executive-produced by Lorne Michaels. The show records from Studio 6B in Rockefeller Center, New York City, the program airs weeknights at 11,34 p. m. ET/AT. The show opens with Fallons topical monologue, then transitions into comedic sketches/games, concluding with a guest interview, the Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon has attracted high ratings since its 2014 premiere, consistently beating competition. In addition, many moments from the series have originated viral videos, the show has been nominated for nine Primetime Emmy Awards, winning two. On August 13,2015, NBC announced that Fallon signed a contract to remain as host until at least 2021, the Tonight Show premiered on NBC in 1954 as Tonight, hosted by Steve Allen. Jack Paar hosted the show from 1957 to 1962, but the shows longest-running and most famous host was Johnny Carson, who hosted the show for three decades. Following Carsons 1992 retirement, vast quantities of brainpower, money, NBC chose interim guest host Jay Leno, who took over the show that year. A pair of conflicts ensued over Lenos 22-year tenure, both revolving around hosts of Late Night, a directly following Tonight since its premiere in 1982. OBriens Tonight also suffered falling ratings, OBrien too left the network the following year, and Leno was reinstated as host. Jimmy Fallon, a former cast member on Saturday Night Live, was appointed the third host of Late Night by executive producer Lorne Michaels in 2009, Fallon incorporated the Internet much more than other talk shows. Coincidentally, it was during the Tonight Show debacle that Fallons show found its footing, the show, according to Fallons former SNL castmate Tina Fey, established itself as an uncommonly warm, welcoming show. In our heads, weve been doing The Tonight Show Were just on at a later hour, Fallon grew up with no designs on the Tonight job, most likely because he was just 17 years old when Carson retired. Discussions for Fallon to take over The Tonight Show began in early 2013, many industry observers noted that the change appeared to come as a result of another late-night competitor, Jimmy Kimmel of Jimmy Kimmel Live. Fallon had reportedly impressed top executives at Comcast, and his succession was expected throughout the company. The transition reportedly lacked the tension of previous Tonight transitions, on April 3,2013, NBC announced that Leno would retire in 2014, with Fallon taking over The Tonight Show beginning on February 24,2014. At Lenos suggestion, the date was moved forward from the end of his contract in September 2014, the date was later moved up a week to February 17, midway through the Olympics
38.
The Late Show with Stephen Colbert
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The Late Show with Stephen Colbert is an American late-night talk show hosted by Stephen Colbert, which premiered on September 8,2015. Produced by Spartina Productions and CBS Television Studios, The Late Show with Stephen Colbert is the iteration of CBSs Late Show franchise. Stay Human, led by bandleader Jon Batiste, serves as the house band. Prior to Colberts assumption of hosting duties, David Letterman had been host of Late Show for 22 years, CBS had not had a regular late-night talk show for most of its existence prior to that point, with only one attempt between 1972 and Lettermans arrival. According to TV by the Numbers, in February 2013, the ratings for Lettermans Late Show averaged about 3.1 million per show for the 2012–13 season to date. A year later, average viewership was down to 2.8 million, in addition, Colberts previous program did well among college students and young men 18-34, which are prime target audiences for late-night comedy programming. On April 3,2014, Letterman announced his retirement, with his episode as host of Late Show scheduled for May 20,2015. On April 10,2014, CBS announced Stephen Colbert as Lettermans successor, in contrast with Colberts previous program The Colbert Report, in which he played a fictionalized version of himself, Colbert hosts the show as himself. This came after the announcement the character would not be used after the end of The Colbert Report, the final episode of the Report aired on December 18,2014. On July 23,2014, CBS announced that Late Show would continue to be produced at the Ed Sullivan Theater in New York when Colbert takes over. Jonathan Batiste was announced as the bandleader on June 4,2015, throughout the remainder of the summer, videos would continue to be released through the shows official YouTube channel and mobile app. On July 1,2015, Colbert hosted an edition of a public access program in Monroe, Michigan. Colbert has been given control of the show, with little interference from CBS management in regard to format. Colbert no longer uses the character he had portrayed on The Colbert Report, the 1993 restoration project for Letterman was only done on a few months notice after the theater was repurchased in February 1993 by CBS. The Hollywood Reporter believed that Lichts experience in news programming would be leveraged to complement Colberts strengths in topical, during the opening sequence in a voice-over, Jen Spyra, announces the nights guests. Along with scenes of New York City at night including Yankee Stadium, Times Square and this structure is similar to the openings of other late-night shows such as The Tonight Show or Late Night. Similar to The Colbert Report, graphics that resemble the American Flag have also been added, the open is followed by an extended fake news style desk sequence with a run-through of recent headlines, in a manner reminiscent of television newscasts and that of The Colbert Report. Also, the show follows the basic format as other late-night talk shows including the use of sketch comedy, guest interviews
39.
The Jerry Springer Show
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The Jerry Springer Show is an American syndicated tabloid talk show hosted by Jerry Springer, a former politician. It is recorded at the Stamford Media Center in Stamford, Connecticut and is distributed by NBCUniversal Television Distribution, a typical episode of Springer begins with a title card warning parents that the show may contain content inappropriate for children. Springer then enters the stage by sliding down a pole, being greeted by a standing audience pumping the air with their right hand. He then shakes hands with those in the front and, afterward, Springer then welcomes viewers to the show, introduces a particular situation, or topic, and interviews several guests experiencing such situations. After finishing the interview, Springer announces the entrance of another guest whom the first guest would like to confront. The second guest enters the stage, and a confrontation between the two guests usually occurs, often breaking down into a brawl that is broken up by on-set security personnel. Once the fight has been quelled, Springer interviews the second guest about the situation faced by the first guest, in many episodes, there is a third guest involved in the situation, who is also interviewed by Springer, and often takes part in the on-stage fighting. It is also not uncommon for a fourth guest to be involved, often guests will be given a cup of water after fighting, ostensibly to cool off, but inevitably, the guests toss the water at each other, thus resuming the altercation. This cycle is repeated for each set of guests on the show, some adult audience members, however, may ask serious questions, which are mocked by the college-crowd audience to Go to Oprah. The producers then select the person with the most memorable question to say, Springer then ends the show by giving a formal lecture, sitting by himself on the stage, on the principles of refined values in regards to the featured guests. He ends the segment with the statement, Till next time, take care of yourselves and each other. Generally, Springer tends to present his program standing up pacing the aisle steps between the areas rather than having a podium or mark on the main stage. This is thought to be to himself from the potential violence occurring on the stage. Sometimes the show will have a back at previous episodes. These have been rebranded as Classic Springer, some with a false Masterpiece Theatre-like theme and these shows are interspersed with commentary from Springer himself, usually before and after commercial breaks. According to NBC, the set for the show has had two major changes over the years, the general look of this set was carried over when the series first moved to Chicago in September 1992, with an unpolished, open air look and bright colored shapes. The stage walls were designed so that they could be projected outward into the audience, in late 2000 the whole set was changed again to its current industrial look, changes initially welcomed due to the reduced ratings of the 1999–2000 season. In 2007 the set was changed, with a larger studio audience, bigger stage, and a balcony
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Maury (TV series)
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Maury is a syndicated American tabloid talk show hosted by Maury Povich. When the series first aired in 1991, the show was called The Maury Povich Show and was produced by MoPo Productions in association with Paramount Domestic Television, the show adopted the title Maury in the 1995–1996 season. The show was revamped in the 1998–1999 season, when Studios USA took over production. However, MoPo continues to co-produce with NBCUniversal, for the series first 18 seasons, it was taped in New York City, but beginning with Season 19, the show has been taped in the Stamford Media Center in Stamford, Connecticut. Maury is one of four NBC Universal syndicated properties to make the move to Connecticut, joining the former Chicago-based Jerry Springer, the fourth, the syndicated Deal or No Deal, is no longer in production. The Trisha Goddard Show became the show in production with NBC Universal. As of 2007, NBC owned and operated stations no longer air Maury, on September 17,2012, during the premiere of its 22nd season, episodes of Maury began airing in widescreen, though not in high definition. On September 15,2014, starting with its 24th season, on March 26,2013, Maury was renewed for an additional three years until 2018. After the taping of episodes, guests are often tracked for progress. The show in its early years covered topics of a serious nature, from 2008 onwards, the most common topic is paternity testing, followed by lie-detector testing. Abusive relationships and out-of-control teen girls are tied for a distant third. Updates on previous guests are also a theme, while other such as missing children, transgender individuals. Episodes featuring updates on past guests are periodically aired throughout the year, guests either appear in person or by video message updating Maury on their situations. At the end of year, Maury also does a countdown of the top 10 most memorable guests of the year. One of the most famous associated with Maury is paternity testing. Often the mother will bring the child or children to the studio to prove her claims validity to Maury, the audience, and she will often say Im 100%/1000% sure he is the father. Images of the father and child are displayed on the screen and she is occasionally accompanied by her mother or other family member, either on set or in the audience. Sometimes the accused father believes that the mother is just after money
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Live with Kelly and Ryan
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Live with Kelly is an American syndicated morning talk show, hosted by Kelly Ripa. Executive-produced by Michael Gelman, the show has aired since 1983 locally on WABC-TV in New York City and 1988 nationwide, as of 2016, it is produced by WABC. The franchise has had longstanding success and has won the Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Talk Show, on January 19,2016, the show was renewed through the 2019–20 season. On February 12,2016, an episode focused on Ripas 15 years as part of the program. On April 18,2016, Strahan and ABC announced that he was leaving the show to join ABCs Good Morning America full-time, executive producer Michael Gelman said in 1993, The real concept of the show, in a symbolic sense, is that they are husband and wife. They have their coffee mugs and theyre chit-chatting about whats going on and that is the basis of the shows signature Host Chat, an unscripted on-air conversation between the co-hosts that opens each show. Then, a viewer is called to answer a trivia question about the show. The show then continues with interviews with celebrity guests, musical performances, and other recurring segments, including regular features showcasing fashion, food, health, and lifestyle topics. The format of Live. has been emulated by other successful shows such as the British programmes Richard & Judy and Today with Des. The show is broadcast live from New York City, on weekdays at 9 a. m. for most stations in the Eastern Time Zone, and is tape-delayed for the rest of the country. Live did not air in a timeslot on all ABC-owned stations until September 2013. Live will also invite whiz kids to oppose the co-hosts at spelling, athletics, mathematics, sport stacking, a recurring gag with Philbin as co-host was him challenging seniors—preferably over the age of 100—at tennis, basketball, ping-pong, and bowling, for example. Every year at Halloween, the co-hosts wear dozens of costumes, the 2013 special, entitled the Best Halloween Show Ever, had the most costume changes to date with over 50 in one hour. In February, Live throws a wedding for a couple who writes in with reasons why they should be married on the show, viewer submissions are also accepted for their Moms Dream Come True Special, where the co-hosts pay tribute to a select group of mothers. Live from the Dolby Theatre in Hollywood, the show airs its Post-Oscar Special the day after the awards ceremony, the co-hosts interview winners and presenters as well as other attendees on the red carpet, backstage and live on the show. Also, a panel recaps the best and worst of fashions worn at the event, Live has been to eight countries and nearly 25 states, logging 200,000 miles. While on location, the transplant the franchises own brand of entertainment-oriented talk with the beauty of the particular location providing a colorful backdrop to the shows segments. The show has part of its origins in A. M, Los Angeles, a local show that was broadcast on KABC-TV in Los Angeles from 1971 to 1981 that was originally created and hosted by Ralph Story, with Stephanie Edwards as co-host
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Better (TV series)
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The Better Show was a syndicated lifestyle and celebrity focused daytime talk show. It aired weekdays on 160 stations across the United States, the program was produced and distributed by Meredith Corporation. The Better Show got its name from and is based on Merediths flagship publication, Better Homes, the show also tapped its other magazines experts in home, shelter and parenting. This was not Better Homes and Gardens first foray into television, in the 1990s, in addition, the Australian version of the magazine has their TV series as well. The hour-long daytime strip show Better allows eight minutes of local content, while in Kansas City, the national version on KSMO-TV was also compliment by a total localized version, Better Kansas City, on KCTV. At least with Meredith stations those with localized content gave a local version of the name. For example, WNEM-TVs version was called Better Mid-Michigan, while WGCL-TVs edition was known as Better Mornings Atlanta, and KPHO-TVs show was called Better Arizona. WPHL-TV aired the version in the morning with local cut-ins throughout the hour. The Better Show began on KPTV in Portland, Oregon as a local show, production of the program began in several test markets in 2007 and placed into syndication later that year. By January 2008, the show was on 10 Meredith and 3 Journal stations, at that time, Meredith signed 12 additional stations to carry the show,1 Fisher Communications,7 LIN TV and 4 Northwest Broadcasting. Fisher launched in March 2008 while LIN and Northwest launched the fall, in Kansas City in September 2012, a totally localized Better Kansas City debuted on KCTV, while the national Better series aired on sister station KSMO-TV. Meredith announced that The Better Show would premiere on The Hallmark Channel in October 2012 to replace programming from Martha Stewart, the CW Plus picked up Better for air on its stations in fall 2014, where it replaced The Daily Buzz. In February 2015, Meredith confirmed that the program would be cancelled at the end of May 2015, repeats continued to air until mid-September 2015. The Better Show was co-hosted by Kristina Behr and JD Roberto from studios in Midtown Manhattan when it was cancelled, the shows other primary personality was correspondent Sarah Bernard. Initially, The Better Show was split-hosted by Emmy-nominated Audra Lowe in New York City and Kimberly Maus at KPTV in Portland, in August 2009, the shows West Coast operations moved to WFSB in Rocky Hill, Connecticut, near Hartford. At that time Lowe became the solo host. Rhiannon Ally was named Lowes co-host in January 2011 and she originally joined the program in September 2009 as a correspondent based out of Rocky Hill. She had also served as Lowes substitute, Ally left to take a news anchor position in Miami, Florida
