The talking drum is an hourglass-shaped drum from West Africa, which can be used as a form of speech surrogacy by regulating its pitch and rhythm to mimic the tone and prosody of human speech. It has
Talking Drum
Yoruba drummers: The nearest holds omele ako and batá, the other two hold dùndúns.
Whistled speech is a form of speech surrogacy in which whistling is used to mimic speech. Speakers of more than 80 languages have been found to practice various degrees of whistled speech, most of the
Talking drum
…Drum (communication) Whistling languages, tonal transpositions of spoken languages. (in French) Gravrand, Henry, "La civilisation seereer – Pangool, vol. 2, Les Nouvelles Editions Africaines…
Those who are able to speak using whistled language often use their hands or fingers to modify the sound produced.