1.
Little Havana
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Little Havana is a neighborhood of Miami, Florida, United States. Home to many Cuban immigrant residents, as well as residents from Central and South America, Little Havana is named after Havana. Little Havana is noted as a center of social, cultural and its festivals, including the Calle Ocho Festival, Viernes Culturales/Cultural Fridays, the Three Kings Parade and others, have been televised to millions of people every year on different continents. John Bosco Catholic Church, Municipio de Santiago de Cuba and others, Little Havana is the best known neighborhood for Cuban exiles in the world. It is characterized by its life, with restaurants, music and other cultural activities, mom and pop enterprises, political passion. In 2015, Little Havana was included in the National Trust for Historic Preservation’s annual list of 11 Most Endangered Places, in 2017, the Trust declared it a national treasure. Originally a lower-middle-class Southern and a thriving Jewish neighborhood in the 1930s, the name Little Havana emerged in the 1960s as the concentration of Cubans in the area grew sharply. Little Havana is the affixed to a sprawling neighborhood lying immediately west of Downtown Miami. It stretches west from the Miami River for several miles and this sobriquet was applied to the Shenandoah and Riverside neighborhoods in the 1960s, following the beginnings of a vast influx of Cuban refugees there. Little Havana is famous as the cultural and political capital of Cuban Americans, as of 2011, Little Havana has the highest concentration of Hispanics in Miami. The median household income was $15,213.16, the ethnic makeup of the neighborhood was 85. 08% Hispanic or Latino of any race,3. 79% Black or African American,10. 14% Non-Hispanic White, and 0. 96% of other races. The district includes 428,438 Southwest 1st Street,437 Southwest 2nd Street,104,109,118 Southwest South River Drive, free walking tours, led by Miami historian Dr. Paul George leave from the Tower Theater at 7pm each festival. St. John Bosco Catholic Church St. Michael the Archangel Catholic Church St. Raymond of Peñafort Catholic Church St. Llanes Elementary A and it is a free street festival with a Caribbean carnival feel sponsored by the Kiwanis Club of Little Havana. Calle Ocho is where different ethnic communities wear colors or flags representing pride in their heritage, flags from Colombia to Nicaragua to Puerto Rico to Costa Rica and even Ireland flood the streets. Foods from different countries are sold, and popular music like reggaeton, salsa, bachata. In 1977 tensions among Miami’s different ethnic groups were running high, eight Cuban-Americans, mostly from the Kiwanis of Little Havana, were trying to come up with ideas to address the situation. They considered a race on SW Eighth Street. It was turned down because the organizers feared that it would pit one ethnic group against another, willy Bermello came up with the idea of doing something similar to the block parties and street festivals of Philadelphia
2.
I Know You Want Me (Calle Ocho)
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I Know You Want Me is a song by American artist Pitbull released as the second single from the album, Rebelution. The song samples The Bomb. by Bucketheads and 75, Brazil Street by Nicola Fasano versus Pat Rich, the core is from a song by Dominican rappers El Cata and Omega. The title is a reference to Calle Ocho, a street in Miamis Little Havana neighborhood, the song premiered on the Miami radio station WPOW. It received a nomination a Latin Rhythm Airplay Song of the Year at the 2010 Latin Billboard Music Awards, the music video was first released on March 9,2009 by Ultra Music on YouTube and was directed by David Rousseau and Produced by Alexandra Sdoucos. It features Pitbull, Nayer and models Sagia Castañeda, Maria Milian and it has received over 240 million views even though this particular upload is not available for worldwide viewership due to licensing restrictions in certain countries. I Know You Want Me was the one most viewed music video on YouTube in 2009. The video received 82 million views, easily beating out the second, the official music video version was released onto Pitbulls official Vevo channel on May 25,2011. It has received over 1.5 million views even though this particular upload is not available for worldwide viewership due to licensing restrictions in certain countries. I Know You Want Me is an uptempo syncopated hip hop groove with clear vocals on the chorus, the song is set in common time with a moderate tempo of 128 beats per minute and is written in the key of D minor. Pitbulls vocal range spans from C4 to Bb4, the song is a vocal mix of 75, Brazil Street by Nicola Fasano Vs Pat-Rich, which itself samples Street Player by Chicago. For the release by Pitbull, the sample of Street Player was replayed by Mark Summers at Scorccio Sample Replays. The song received mixed reviews with Billboard. com editor Michael Menachem giving the single a favorable review, the clever meshing of reggaetón with Euro dance music signals what looks like a multiformat smash. Fraser McAlpine of the BBC also favored it, I Know You Want Me is Pitbulls first single to become an international hit. The single peaked at number 2 on the Billboard Hot 100 in the U. S for one week with the issue dated June 20,2009 behind The Black Eyed Peas Boom Boom Pow. The song became Pitbulls most highest-peaking single to date until Give Me Everything hit number one and it also reached number one on the French charts and number 4 on the Mainstream Top 40 radio. The following week it moved up again to number 7, peaking at number 4 a week later, in New Zealand, the song peaked at number 3 and was certified Platinum, selling over 15,000 copies. As of June 2011, I Know You Want Me has sold 3.2 million digital copies in the United States
3.
U.S. Route 41 in Florida
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U. S. Route 41 in the U. S. state of Florida is a north–south United States Highway. It runs 479 miles from Miami in South Florida northwest to the Georgia border north of the Lake City area, within the state, US41 is paralleled by Interstate 75 all the way from Miami to Georgia, and I-75 has largely supplanted US41 as a major highway. State Road 684 from the junction with the end of US41 Business to 44th Avenue Connection in unincorporated Manatee County. State Road 55 from 44th Avenue Connection to the end of US41 Business in Palmetto. State Road 599 from the junction of the end of US41 Business. State Road 600 from US41 south to Nebraska Avenue in Tampa, State Road 25 from the junction with US441, US41 and North Main Street in High Springs to the Georgia state line near Jennings. From there, the route concurrent with SR A1A westbound, then south along US 1/SR5. Between Miami and Naples, US41 cuts across the Florida peninsula and this section has been designated a National Scenic Byway. The byway runs east–west through the Big Cypress National Preserve, skirting the border of the Everglades National Park for about 20 miles. Alligators are a common sight along the scenic Tamiami Trail from Miami to Naples, unlike the parallel road, Alligator Alley, the trail is only one lane in each direction, and it has no fences to keep wildlife from crossing it. In Naples, US41 changes direction at the intersection of hidden SR90 and hidden SR45, turning from west to north towards Tampa and this segment of US41 is still considered the Tamiami Trail. US41 has a bypass in Fort Myers that separates from the trail, however in the Venice Area, US41 breaks away from the trail onto hidden SR 45A, a connector to I-75 can be found just north of the northern end of the business route. Two major US highways terminate at US41 in the Sarasota-Bradenton Metropolitan Area, the first is US301 in Sarasota, which runs straight, while US41 curves to the west towards the John Ringling Causeway, only to turn back north again. North of the end of it CR610, it runs along the western edge of Sarasota-Bradenton International Airport where it crosses the Sarasota-Manatee County line. Across from the airport, the road serves as the address for New College of Florida, in Bradenton, US41 makes a sharp turn east onto SR684 at the intersection of US41 Business. The road curves north onto SR55 and it encounters US301 again, US301 makes a sharp right turn onto SR43 at a diamond interchange, while US41 continues north. Just after the interchange with the end of US41 Business in Memphis. Here, US41 rejoins hidden SR45, while hidden SR55 moves to US19, the rest of US 41s journey will continue along the east coast of Tampa Bay
4.
Florida Department of Transportation
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The Florida Department of Transportation is a decentralized agency charged with the establishment, maintenance, and regulation of public transportation in the state of Florida. The department was formed in 1969 and it absorbed the powers of the State Road Department. The current Secretary of Transportation is Interim Secretary Rachel D. Cone, the State Road Department, predecessor of todays Department of Transportation, was authorized in 1915 by the Florida legislature. For the first two years of its existence, the department acted as a body to the 52 counties in the state, helping to assemble maps. The Florida Transportation Commission, made up of nine commissioners chosen by Floridas Governor and Legislature, each of FDOTs eight semi-autonomous districts is managed by a District Secretary. Following the 2002 legislation, the Turnpike District secretary became known as an executive director, there are seven geographic districts plus the FTE. The FTE owns and maintains 460 miles of toll roads, tolls on all Department-owned facilities are collected by Floridas Turnpike Enterprise. In addition, the FDOT operates and manages several park and ride lots, most of the 7 geographic districts have a Districtwide Commuter Assistance Program. On March 5,2003, Governor Jeb Bush appointed José Abreu, on June 27,2005, Governor Jeb Bush appointed Denver Stutler, Jr. as Secretary of Transportation. Previously, Stutler was Bushs chief of staff, on January 2,2007, Governor Charlie Crist appointed Stephanie Kopelousos as Interim Secretary of Transportation, she was confirmed as Secretary on April 2,2007. Previously, Kopelousos served as FDOTs Federal Programs Coordinator, on April 18,2011, Governor Rick Scott appointed Ananth Prasad as Secretary of Transportation. On December 19,2014, Governor Rick Scott appointed Jim Boxold as Secretary of Transportation, Florida has seven transportation districts, In 1954, the State Road Department completed the original Sunshine Skyway Bridge, the first fixed span to connect Saint Petersburg directly to Bradenton. This greatly shortened the time between the two cities, as before cars would have to either use a ferry or drive about 100 miles around Tampa Bay. A parallel span was completed in 1971 to make the bridge Interstate standard, after the newer, southbound span was destroyed in 1980 when the SS Summit Venture collided into it, a replacement bridge was finished in 1987. In 1974, FDOT completed Floridas Turnpike, a 312-mile limited access highway that connected the panhandle area through Orlando to Miami. The turnpike is part of an initiative to finance transportation with user fees, Florida State Roads Bridge Software Institute at the University of Florida Official Website
5.
U.S. Route 1 in Florida
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U. S. Highway 1 in Florida runs 545 miles along the states east coast from Key West to its crossing of the St. Marys River into Georgia north of Boulogne, and south of Folkston. US1 was designated through Florida when the United States Numbered Highway System was established in 1926, the road is maintained by the Florida Department of Transportation. From its national terminus in Key West, US1 carries the Overseas Highway—the Keys main highway north to the mainland. North of Jacksonville, US1 curves inland towards the St. Marys River as it enters Georgia. /US17 in Jacksonville to the Georgia state line near Boulogne, among other designations, US1 is a designated Blue Star Memorial Highway along its entire route through the state. Markers are placed at locations, including one in Rockledge. US1 officially begins at the Monroe County courthouse at the intersection of Whitehead and Fleming Streets and it proceeds south as Whitehead Street, a two-laned street, until the intersection with Truman Avenue, which takes it east through central Key West. Truman Avenue becomes North Roosevelt Boulevard about a mile east, and remains so until leaving the island, the road follows the northern shore of this section of Key West, then after curving southward, it meets State Road A1A head-on at a T-intersection before continuing east. This intersection also marks the terminus of the Overseas Highway. The highway expands to four lanes as it crosses the Bahia Honda Bridge, after Little Duck Key, US1 enters Knights Key, Boot Key, Key Vaca and the town of Marathon via the Seven Mile Bridge, thus leaving the lower Keys. US1 runs through Marathon as a four-laned road, after Key Vaca, the road becomes two-laned once more and runs through Fat Deer Key, where it forms the northern boundary of the city of Key Colony Beach. It then continues wholly in Marathon through Long Point Key, Crawl Key, the road then crosses to Little Conch Key and then Conch Key, both part of the Duck Key district. US1 then crosses to and traverses Long Key, which is mostly unincorporated except for the city of Layton, the road then reaches Craig Key, and then the village of Islamorada including Lower Matecumbe Key, Tea Table Key, Upper Matecumbe Key and Windley Key. US1 crosses a drawbridge onto Plantation Key, where it expands to four lanes, immediately the Overseas Highway enters Tavernier, where it temporarily splits into a pair of one-way roads through the community. Soon the road enters the community of Key Largo, which features another pair of one-way roads. Signage approaching the intersection directs northbound motorists to take this route if the lights on it are flashing. US1 swings to the northwest, forms the boundary of North Key Largo. After crossing the Jewfish Creek Bridge and travelling along Cross Key, US1 crosses Manatee Creek, along with the Miami-Dade County boundary, for the first 14 miles in Miami-Dade County, US1 is a divided two-lane road bordering the Everglades National Park on the west. It is named South Dixie Highway from the county line to Miami and its first major intersection is with the north end of Card Sound Road south of Florida City
6.
Miami
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Miami is a seaport city at the southeastern corner of the U. S. state of Florida and its Atlantic coast. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, Miamis metro area is the eighth-most populous, Miami is a major center, and a leader in finance, commerce, culture, media, entertainment, the arts, and international trade. In 2012, Miami was classified as an Alpha−World City in the World Cities Study Groups inventory, in 2010, Miami ranked seventh in the United States in terms of finance, commerce, culture, entertainment, fashion, education, and other sectors. It ranked 33rd among global cities, in 2008, Forbes magazine ranked Miami Americas Cleanest City, for its year-round good air quality, vast green spaces, clean drinking water, clean streets, and citywide recycling programs. According to a 2009 UBS study of 73 world cities, Miami was ranked as the richest city in the United States, Miami is nicknamed the Capital of Latin America and is the largest city with a Cuban-American plurality. Miami has the third tallest skyline in the U. S. with over 300 high-rises, Downtown Miami is home to the largest concentration of international banks in the United States, and many large national and international companies. The Civic Center is a center for hospitals, research institutes, medical centers. For more than two decades, the Port of Miami, known as the Cruise Capital of the World, has been the number one cruise port in the world. It accommodates some of the worlds largest cruise ships and operations, Metropolitan Miami is the major tourism hub in the American South, number two in the U. S. after New York City and number 13 in the world, including the popular destination of Miami Beach. The Miami area was inhabited for thousands of years by indigenous Native American tribes, the Tequestas occupied the area for a thousand years before encountering Europeans. An Indian village of hundreds of people dating to 500–600 B. C. was located at the mouth of the Miami River, in 1566 the explorer, Pedro Menéndez de Avilés, claimed it for Spain. A Spanish mission was constructed one year later in 1567, Spain and Great Britain successively controlled Florida, and Spain ceded it to the United States in 1821. In 1836, the US built Fort Dallas as part of its development of the Florida Territory and attempt to suppress, the Miami area subsequently became a site of fighting during the Second Seminole War. Miami is noted as the major city in the United States conceived by a woman, Julia Tuttle, a local citrus grower. The Miami area was known as Biscayne Bay Country in the early years of its growth. In the late 19th century, reports described the area as a promising wilderness, the area was also characterized as one of the finest building sites in Florida. The Great Freeze of 1894–95 hastened Miamis growth, as the crops of the Miami area were the ones in Florida that survived. Julia Tuttle subsequently convinced Henry Flagler, a tycoon, to expand his Florida East Coast Railway to the region
7.
Interstate 95 in Florida
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Interstate 95 is the main Interstate Highway on the east coast of the United States, its southernmost segment serves the Atlantic coast of Florida. It begins at an interchange with U. S. Highway 1 just south of downtown Miami. The route also passes through the cities of Fort Lauderdale, West Palm Beach, Interstate 95 runs for 382 miles, the southernmost 12.848 miles of which are unsigned as State Road 9A, and the remainder being the unsigned portion of State Road 9. The highway begins at U. S. Highway 1 near 32nd Road in southern Miami and it quickly interchanges with the Rickenbacker Causeway via the short unsigned SR913, and then heads north into downtown. The short SR970 freeway, mostly unsigned, distributes traffic to downtown streets. On the north side of downtown, at the Midtown Interchange, Interstate 395 heads east to the MacArthur Causeway, throughout Miami-Dade County, I-95 is designated the North–South Expressway according to some maps. After crossing I-395 and SR836, I-95 begins to head north roughly along the alignment of Northwest 6th Avenue, a two-way high-occupancy vehicle roadway in the median begins at I-195 and SR112, formed by ramps to and from SR112. I-95 continues north, crossing and interchanging with many roads, most of which are State Roads. I-95 north to West Palm Beach, as well as SR9 southwest to 27th Avenue, runs parallel to the South Florida Rail Corridor, used by CSX Transportation for freight and Tri-Rail for commuter rail. At the Golden Glades Interchange, SR9 merges with I-95, north of Miami, I-95 continues on to Ft. In West Palm Beach, I-95 provides direct access to Palm Beach International Airport as well as downtown West Palm Beach, north of West Palm Beach, I-95 literally runs beside Floridas Turnpike for 17 miles, between Donald Ross Road in Jupiter and SR713 south of Stuart. I-95 then steers west of the turnpike through Martin and St, after an interchange with State Road 70 providing access to the Turnpike, the highway narrows to two lanes in each direction. The road soon enters Indian River County and the major exit is with State Road 60 providing access to Vero Beach. The highway soon enters Brevard County and the Space Coast of Florida, in Palm Bay, the road widens to three lanes in each direction and continues north passing Melbourne, Viera, and Cocoa. The next major junction is State Road 528 with access to Cocoa Beach, I-95 has expanded to three lanes through both exits in Titusville. I-95 continues north and enters Volusia County and the city of Daytona Beach shortly afterwards, at the junction with Interstate 4, the road widens to three lanes in each direction. The highway passes through Flagler and St. Johns counties before it enters Duval County, about 5 miles north of the St. Johns-Duval county border, I-95 intersects the I-295 beltway at its southern end 14 miles south of central Jacksonville, with I-95 continuing north. The interstate passes through the heart of Jacksonville, crossing the Fuller Warren Bridge over the St. Johns River, about a mile north of the bridge, at exit 351B, it intersects with the national eastern terminus of I-10, with the interchanges redesign completed in September 2010
8.
Homestead Extension of Florida's Turnpike
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The road carries the hidden designation of State Road 821. It was opened in stages between 1973 and 1974, after the line of the Turnpike was completed, and is used by both commuters and travelers to the Florida Keys and Everglades National Park. Due to its path, it acts as a de facto outer beltway for Miami, unlike other Floridas Turnpike Enterprise highways, it is treated as if it were part of Floridas Turnpike mainline by highway signs and exit numbers, despite its separate state road number. The road begins at an interchange with US1 in Florida City next to the Florida Keys Outlet Center. Travelers to here from the parts of the Turnpike Extension can continue south along US1 to the Florida Keys or the Everglades National Park. This point also marks the beginning of the HEFTs hidden designation of State Road 821, between Florida City and Cutler Bay, the HEFT acts as a bypass for the communities along US1. The first 16 miles of the tollway are located within mostly new residential developments that were constructed after Hurricane Andrew, some farms line the rest of this stretch. The first interchange northbound is Campbell Drive / Southwest 312th Street in Homestead, which allows travelers to access the Homestead Hospital and the Homestead-Miami Speedway. At mile 6, the tollway has an exit and northbound entry for Southwest 137th Avenue. The road then curves to a direction towards the Homestead Toll Gantry. It then enters Cutler Bay, where the highway is known as the John F. Cosgrove Highway for the next five miles. The first exit in Cutler Bay is with Southwest 216th Street/Cutler Ridge Blvd at mile 11, following exit 11, the turnpike widens to six lanes. The tollway then crosses back over US1 at the Southland Mall, continuing north, the HEFT serves SR994 at exit 13 and gains another lane in each direction. This is followed by SR992 at exit 16, which marks the terminus of the John F. Cosgrove Highway. The tollway passes through older, predominantly residential areas for the ten miles. Between exits 16 and 17, the Turnpike Extension swells to ten lanes, past exit 17, where SR874 leaves the HEFT to connect to SR826, the tollway drops back to six lanes and soon reaches an interchange with Southwest 120th Street at mile 19. The next exit is with SR94, followed by the Bird Road Toll Gantry at mile 23, from here, the next exit is with SR976, after which the HEFT gains two extra lanes in preparation for the next two exits. Half a mile north of Northwest 74th Street lies the Okeechobee Toll gantry, the tollway starts to curve in a north-easterly direction and comes to exit 35 with US27
9.
Tamiami, Florida
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Tamiami is a census-designated place in Miami-Dade County, Florida, United States. The population was 55,271 at the 2010 census, Tamiami is a contraction of the phrase Tampa to Miami. The Tamiami Trail, a roadway that goes through the Everglades, while the name is a combination of both cities names, the accepted pronunciation is Tammee-Ammy, not Tam-My-Ammy. Tamiami is located at 25°45′18″N 80°24′13″W, according to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 7.6 square miles, of which,7.3 square miles of it is land and 0.2 square miles of it is water. As of 2010, there were 17,256 households, with 3. 0% being vacant. As of 2000,42. 1% had children under the age of 18 living with them,66. 0% were married couples living together,16. 2% had a householder with no husband present. 9. 4% of all households were made up of individuals and 3. 5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 3.33 and the average family size was 3.50. As of 2000, the CDP population was out with 24. 4% under the age of 18,8. 7% from 18 to 24,30. 0% from 25 to 44,24. 1% from 45 to 64. The median age was 37 years, for every 100 females there were 90.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.4 males, as of 2000, the median income for a household in the CDP was $47,503, and the median income for a family was $49,763. Males had an income of $30,716 versus $26,426 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $17,601, about 7. 6% of families and 9. 4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 12. 0% of those under age 18 and 9. 7% of those age 65 or over. As of 2000, speakers of Spanish as a first language accounted for 92. 39% of residents, other languages spoken were well below 1% of the population. As of 2000, Tamiami had the seventh highest percentage of Cuban and Cuban American residents in the US, nicaraguans and Nicaraguan American made up the fifth highest percentage, at 4. 66% of Tamiami residents
10.
Interstate 275 (Florida)
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Interstate 275, located in Florida, is a highway,60 miles long, serving the Tampa Bay Area. Its southern terminus is at Interstate 75 near Palmetto, where I-275 heads west towards the Sunshine Skyway Bridge crossing over Tampa Bay, after the interchange, I-275 passes north through the Tampa suburbs to its northern terminus at Interstate 75 in Wesley Chapel. Interstate 275 begins at exit 228 of Interstate 75 with two lanes in either direction in rural Palmetto,275 immediately heads west of its parent interstate and has an interchange US412 miles up the road. I-275s next interchange is with US19, beginning a concurrency that lasts 13 miles, after this exit, I-275 reaches the Southern toll plaza for the Sunshine Skyway Bridge. There is a corresponding Northern toll plaza for southbound travelers, the Sunshine Skyway Bridge is a 4.1 mile long bridge that spans Tampa Bay. After reaching the end of the bridge,275 enters St. Petersburg. At the northern end of the bridge, drivers drive on the left side as the freeways lanes invert for about half a mile before US19 exits the freeway. I-275 has multiple exits in the city, each of them serving the neighborhoods that the freeway passes through. At this point, the interstate widens to 3 lanes in either direction, 275s next major interchange is with Interstate 175, which provides access to Albert Whitted Airport and Tropicana Field, home of the Tampa Bay Rays. The next major interchange occurs less than a mile down the road with Interstate 375, after this exit, I-275 continues through residential neighborhoods until it passes beside Sawgrass Lake Park and then through an area of marshland. The freeway widens to four lanes in either direction before reaching its last interchange in St. Petersburg with SR687, after traveling 19 miles in St. Petersburg, I-275 crosses the Howard Frankland Bridge over Old Tampa Bay into Tampa. I-275 has an interchange with SR589, allowing access to Tampa International Airport, at this point, I-275 thins down to three lanes in either direction, and remains this way for the rest of the freeway. 275 then has an interchange with US92, the first of two interchanges with the road, allowing access to downtown Tampa,275 then crosses the Hillsborough River for the first time along its route. Afterwards,6 miles from its entry into Tampa, I-275 has its major interchange with Interstate 4. This junction was always clogged with daily rush hour traffic and was subsequently overhauled and this interchange serves as I-4s western terminus, and allows access to Orlando and the east coast of Florida. After this major exit,275 reaches an interchange with US92 again, after this interchange, US41 acts as the local road for the freeway for the rest of its route. 275 crosses the Hillsborough River a second time and enters residential neighborhoods within Tampa,275 travels due north and parallel to US41 for 4 miles before turning northeast towards Interstate 75. At this point,275 exits Tampa and enters Lutz, a suburb of Tampa, I-275 then reconnects with its parent interstate highway and reaches its northern terminus
11.
Memphis, Florida
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Memphis is a census-designated place in Manatee County, Florida, United States. The population was 7,264 at the 2000 census and it is part of the Bradenton–Sarasota–Venice Metropolitan Statistical Area. Memphis is located at 27°32′23″N 82°33′47″W, according to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 3.2 square miles, all land. As of the census of 2000, there were 7,264 people,2,501 households, the population density was 2,297.1 people per square mile. There were 2,832 housing units at a density of 895. 6/sq mi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 48. 21% White,41. 89% African American,0. 10% Native American,0. 30% Asian,0. 14% Pacific Islander,7. 81% from other races, and 1. 56% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 20. 10% of the population,21. 3% of all households were made up of individuals and 9. 4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.82 and the family size was 3.26. In the CDP, the population was out with 29. 3% under the age of 18,9. 7% from 18 to 24,26. 3% from 25 to 44,20. 9% from 45 to 64. The median age was 34 years, for every 100 females there were 98.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.4 males, the median income for a household in the CDP was $32,576, and the median income for a family was $35,600. Males had an income of $26,250 versus $21,979 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $14,778, about 16. 5% of families and 20. 7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 27. 5% of those under age 18 and 13. 6% of those age 65 or over
12.
Florida State Road 60
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State Road 60 is an east–west route transversing Florida from the Gulf of Mexico to the Atlantic Ocean. The western terminus of SR60 is at the Sunsets at Pier 60 site in Clearwater Beach, the eastern terminus is in Vero Beach near the Atlantic Coast just past State Road A1A. From there until its eastern terminus it is a divided highway, in the Tampa Bay area it is the main route from Tampa to the Clearwater area beaches and from Tampa International Airport to northern Pinellas county. It also provides service from Tampa International Airport to the Suncoast Parkway and it is the main non-limited access route from downtown Tampa to Brandon, paralleling the Lee Roy Selmon Expressway. As of 2005, SR60 briefly divides into two, one-way streets in southern downtown Clearwater and this is a result of the recent realignment of the SR60 corridor in the area, following the completion of the new Memorial Causeway. From west to east, Causeway Boulevard from the intersection with Gulfview Boulevard, Memorial Causeway on causeway between Clearwater Beach and mainland Clearwater. SR60 divides into Court Street and Chestnut Street between Bay Ave and Ewing Ave. Court Street from Ewing Ave to S Highland Ave. Gulf-to-Bay Boulevard from S Highland Avenue to Tampa Bay, kennedy Boulevard from I-275 to Channelside Drive. Channelside Drive until junction Adamo Drive, Adamo Drive until junction with Interstate 75. Brandon Boulevard from I-75 until Mount Carmel Road, hopewell Road in Plant City, resumes SR60 east of Plant City. Simply signed SR60 from there until reaching Mulberry city limits, canal Street in Mulberry, resumes SR60 signage east of Mulberry. West Main Street west of Bartow city limits, SR60 divides into SR 60A and Business SR60 at Baker Street in Bartow Bypass 60 called Van Fleet Drive until rejoining business route. Business 60 continues Main Street signage until US17 then Flamingo Drive until merger back to Bypass, from east of Bartow to Lake Wales is simply called SR60. In Lake Wales it is called West Polk, although it changes to Hesperides Road in eastern Lake Wales, simply signed SR60 until Interstate 95. 20th Street in Vero Beach from Interstate 95 to 20th Avenue, 19th Place and 20th Street in Vero Beach from east of 20th Avenue until Commerce Avenue. 20th Street and 20th Place in Vero Beach from east of Commerce Avenue to west of 6th Avenue, 20th Street from west of 6th Avenue in Vero Beach to Indian River Blvd. Cosigned with Indian River Blvd until Merrill P, barber Bridge over the Indian River. Beachland Boulevard after bridge until eastern terminus at State Road A1A, stan Mayfield Memorial Highway from the Florida Turnpike to I-95. Richard Raczkoski Memorial Highway from I-95 to 43rd Avenue, originally, SR60 in Clearwater traveled west of Highland Avenue along Gulf-to-Bay Boulevard and Cleveland Street to the Memorial Causeway
13.
Tampa, Florida
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Tampa is a major city in, and the county seat of, Hillsborough County, Florida. It is located on the west coast of Florida on Tampa Bay, near the Gulf of Mexico, the city had a population of 346,037 in 2011. The current location of Tampa was once inhabited by peoples of the Safety Harbor culture. The area was explored by Spanish explorers in the 16th century, resulting in violent conflicts and the introduction of European diseases, which wiped out the original native cultures. In 1824, the United States Army established a frontier outpost called Fort Brooke at the mouth of the Hillsborough River, near the site of todays Tampa Convention Center. The first civilian residents were pioneers who settled near the fort for protection from the nearby Seminole population, today, Tampa is part of the metropolitan area most commonly referred to as the Tampa Bay Area. For U. S. Census purposes, Tampa is part of the Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, the Greater Tampa Bay area has over 4 million residents and generally includes the Tampa and Sarasota metro areas. The Tampa Bay Partnership and U. S. Census data showed an annual growth of 2.47 percent. A2012 estimate shows the Tampa Bay area population to have 4,310,524 people, Tampa was ranked as the 5th best outdoor city by Forbes in 2008. Tampa also ranks as the fifth most popular American city, based on where people want to live, a 2004 survey by the NYU newspaper Washington Square News ranked Tampa as a top city for twenty-somethings. Tampa is ranked as a Gamma+ world city by Loughborough University, ranked alongside other world cities such as Phoenix, Charlotte, Rotterdam, and Santo Domingo. The word Tampa may mean sticks of fire in the language of the Calusa and this might be a reference to the many lightning strikes that the area receives during the summer months. Other historians claim the name means the place to gather sticks, toponymist George R. Stewart writes that the name was the result of a miscommunication between the Spanish and the Indians, the Indian word being itimpi, meaning simply near it. The name first appears in the Memoir of Hernando de Escalante Fontaneda and he calls it Tanpa and describes it as an important Calusa town. While Tanpa may be the basis for the modern name Tampa, archaeologist Jerald Milanich places the Calusa village of Tanpa at the mouth of Charlotte Harbor, the original Bay of Tanpa. A later Spanish expedition did not notice Charlotte Harbor while sailing north along the west coast of Florida, the name was accidentally transferred north. Map makers were using the term Bay or Bahia Tampa as early as 1695, people from Tampa are known as Tampans or Tampanians. Latin Americans from Tampa are known as tampeños, or tampeñas for females and these terms of Spanish origin emerged after 1900 for the immigrant communities in West Tampa and Ybor City
14.
United States Numbered Highway System
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The United States Numbered Highway System is an integrated network of roads and highways numbered within a nationwide grid in the contiguous United States. The route numbers and locations are coordinated by the American Association of State Highway, the only federal involvement in AASHTO is a nonvoting seat for the United States Department of Transportation. Generally, north-to-south highways are odd-numbered, with lowest numbers in the east, the area of the thirteen states of the United States. Similarly, east-to-west highways are typically even-numbered, with the lowest numbers in the north, where roads were first improved most intensively, major north–south routes have numbers ending in 1 while major east–west routes have numbers ending in 0. Three-digit numbered highways are spur routes of parent highways but are not necessarily connected to their parents, some divided routes exist to provide two alignments for one route, even though many splits have been eliminated. Special routes, usually posted with a banner, can provide various routes, such as an alternate, bypass or business route, Routes were designated, auto trails designated by auto trail associations were the main means of marking roads through the United States. In 1925, the Joint Board on Interstate Highways, recommended by the American Association of State Highway Officials, after several meetings, a final report was approved by the U. S. Department of Agriculture in November 1925. They received complaints from across the country about the assignment of routes, so the Board made several modifications, as a result of compromises made to get the U. S. Highway System approved, many routes were divided, with alignments to serve different towns. In subsequent years, AASHTO called for such splits in U. S, expansion of the system continued until 1956, when the Interstate Highway System was formed. After construction was completed, many U. S, Routes were replaced by Interstate Highways for through traffic. Highways still form many important regional connections, and new routes are still being added, Routes do not have a minimum design standard, unlike the later Interstate Highways, and are not usually built to freeway standards. Many are designated using the streets of the cities and towns through which they run. New additions to the system, however, must substantially meet the current AASHTO design standards, as of 1989, the United States Numbered Highways system has a total length of 157,724 miles. Except for toll bridges and tunnels, very few U. S. AASHTO policy says that a road may only be included as a special route. U. S. Route 3 meets this obligation, in New Hampshire, but US Routes in the system do use parts of four toll roads, US51 uses part of the Jane Addams Memorial Tollway in Illinois, the old road is Illinois Route 251. US278 uses the tolled Cross Island Parkway in South Carolina, US412 uses the Cimarron Turnpike in Oklahoma, the old road is US64. US412 also uses the Cherokee Turnpike in Oklahoma, the old road is Alternate US412, Routes follow a simple grid in the contiguous United States, in which odd-numbered routes run generally north to south and even-numbered routes run generally east to west
15.
Florida State Highway System
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The State Highway System of the U. S. state of Florida comprises the roads maintained by the Florida Department of Transportation or a toll authority. The components are referred to officially as state roads, abbreviated SR, State Roads are always numbered, in general, the numbers follow a grid. Odd numbered roads run north-south, and even numbered roads run east-west, one- and two-digit numbers run in order from 2 in the north to 94 in the south, and A1A in the east to 97 in the west. The major cross-state roads end in 0 and 5, most routes of the form X00 are major diagonal routes, an even first digit indicates a southwest-to-northeast direction, and an odd first digit indicates a northwest-to-southeast direction. When the grid was first laid out in 1945, the rules were almost perfectly followed, however, over the years, as routes have been added, there has not always been room to follow the grid. Placements such as 112,752, and 602 are the most notable violations of the grid system, the Pensacola area has a collection of these misplaced street numbers. When FDOT added route numbers to a collection of Miami-Dade County streets in 1980, every section of U. S. Highway and Interstate Highway has a State Road number assigned to it, usually unsigned. In addition to some named toll roads some minor State Roads are also unsigned, prior to the 1945 renumbering, State Roads were given numbers in the order they were added to the system. The 1945 renumbering removed many roads that were never built and added some that had not existed prior to 1945, in 1955, the Florida Department of Transportation slowed down the addition of new state roads and began to classify roads into primary, secondary, and local roads. Primary roads would continue to be state-maintained, while Secondary roads would have an S before the number, local roads would be completely removed from the system. In 1977, FDOT changed the division of roads into state/county/local, most secondary roads and some primary roads were given to the counties, and occasionally a new state road was taken over, some main roads in incorporated areas were given to the localities. The secondary signs had the S changed to C and a small COUNTY sticker added to the bottom, as signs grew old, they were replaced with the standard MUTCD county road pentagon. While this occurred throughout the State of Florida, the part of the south of SR70 was hit particularly hard by the transition from State to County control. While most state roads are contiguous, there is a handful of routes that have interruptions in their designations. The most famous of the set is SR A1A, which exists in seven separate pieces along the Atlantic coast from Fernandina Beach to Key West, State Road 2 has two sections separated by the State of Georgia. State Road 5 temporarily ends leaving Lake Worth, FL as its segment in West Palm Beach was relinquished to the city in the mid 2000s, the route resumes at US 1s junction with Belvedere Road, where it runs concurrent with US1 northbound. State Road 15 has two sections bridged by County Road 15 and US 192/441, SR15 is only signed in the Orlando area and in Palm Beach County. For most of its route, SR15 is an administrative FDOT designation for US441 south of Holopaw, US17 between Orlando and Jacksonville, and US 1/23 north of Jacksonville
16.
Florida Scenic Highways
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Florida Scenic Highways are a series of scenic highways in Florida organized by the Florida Department of Transportation. The state uses the highway designations to promote resource preservation and enhancement, promote tourism and economic development. Florida has 24 state-designated scenic byways, six of those byways are also National Scenic Byways, and one of those federally designated byways is an All-American Road
17.
U.S. Route 90 in Florida
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U. S. Route 90 in the State of Florida is the northernmost west-to-east U. S. route in the state although it is one of the southernmost U. S. west-to-east routes in the rest of the United States. Highway 90 passes through the county seats of all 15 counties on its course in Florida and it is never more than six miles from I-10 throughout the state. It runs as a highway through most of the sparsely populated inland areas of the panhandle, becoming four-lanes through. The speed limit is 55 mph for all points west of Monticello. / SR10 east in Jacksonville with one exception, State Road 10A between the western and eastern terminii of US90 Alt. in Escambia County, which carries SR10. State Road 212 from the US90 Alt. / SR10 interchange in Jacksonville to the terminus at SR A1A in Jacksonville Beach. Concurrencies include US98 in Pensacola, US331 in DeFuniak Springs, US221 in Greenville, US301 in Baldwin, lesser concurrencies with state and county roads also exist in various parts of the state. The segment between US319 in Tallahassee and US441 in Lake City also includes part of the DeSoto Trail and this segment of the road is known as Mobile Highway. Halfway along this alignment a single truck weigh station thats accessible from both directions can be found on the side of the road. Once it begins to more to the east again, US90 becomes a divided highway before it shifts south towards Pensacola while Alternate US90 stays to the north of the city taking State Road 10. This stretch of highway is known as Nine Mile Road. US90 itself moves onto hidden SR 10A where it narrows back down to two lanes and then takes a turn to the southeast, still keeping Mobile Highway as the street name. From there, the road becomes the terminus of County Road 99. Here, the first major intersection is CR173, better known as the Blue Angels Parkway, next, it turns into a four-lane divided highway north of Goodwin Lane, and then becomes the southern terminus of State Road 297. From there, open space exists on the southwest side of the street which is interrupted only by one street, specifically CR341. The road then crosses a body of known as Bayou Marcus Creek which leads to Crescent Lake. The road runs along the border of West Pensacola and Myrtle Grove until it reaches the intersection with State Road 727 and is entirely within West Pensacola, later it serves as the northern terminus of Florida State Road 295 Spur and eastern terminus of State Road 298. The road then approaches a bridge over railroad tracks and then begins to turn more towards the east
18.
Florida's Turnpike
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The Turnpike itself is in two sections. The first is the Mainline, a 265-mile route from the Golden Glades Interchange to Wildwood that carries the designation of Florida State Road 91. Floridas Turnpike is one of the busiest highways in the country, in Davie, about 8 miles north of the Homestead Extension interchange, it intersects with I-595, providing direct access to Alligator Alley and Ft. Lauderdale International Airport. After two more interchanges, one with Sunrise Boulevard in Plantation and Commercial Boulevard in Tamarac, it crosses the Cypress Creek Toll Plaza in North Lauderdale, the second on the mainline. Just 1 mile north of the plaza, it intersects with the Pompano Beach Service Plaza, the first of seven full service plazas on the mainline. Still in Pompano Beach, it has a northbound exit with Atlantic Boulevard. Martin Luther King, Jr. Boulevard and Sample Road and it then enters Deerfield Beach with an interchange with the Sawgrass Expressway in Coconut Creek, the final interchange in Broward County. The Turnpike then enters Palm Beach County, with an interchange in each Boca Raton, Delray Beach, in central Palm Beach County at mile marker 88, the Ticket system of the turnpike begins at the Lantana Toll Plaza. It breaks off as it crosses the Thomas B. Manuel Bridge over the St. Lucie Canal, crossing I-95 without an interchange just south of the SR714 interchange, the only exit in Martin County. I-95 heads west towards the western fringes of St. Lucie County development, while the turnpike takes a path along the central areas of the county. The Turnpike has two interchanges in Port St. Lucie, one at Becker Road, the third SunPass only exit, and SR716, followed by the Port St. Lucie-Fort Pierce service plaza at mile marker 144. The turnpike intersects I-95 one last time just south of SR70 in Fort Pierce, as I-95 continues to head up the east coast of Florida and the turnpike curves inland towards Orlando. Between Fort Pierce and Yeehaw Junction, the travels in a nearly east-west direction heading inland. Between Yeehaw Junction and Kissimmee, the turnpike, returning to a north-northwest direction towards Orlando, has a 48.9 miles stretch without an exit, the longest of any US expressway. At mile marker 236, the system ends at the Three Lakes toll plaza, as the turnpike enters the Orlando Area. After interchanges with US 192/US441 and the Osceola Parkway, it enters Orange County, exit 251 features a partial interchange with SR417, with an exit from the northbound Turnpike to northbound SR417 and entrance from southbound SR417 to southbound Turnpike. The Turnpike then enters Lake County, heading in a northwestern direction, at mile 285, it has a northbound exit/southbound entrance with US27, followed by the Leesburg toll plaza at mile 288, and a southbound exit/northbound entrance with US27 at mile 289. The last interchange in Lake County is with County Road 470, at mile marker 299, the turnpike passes through the final service plaza, the Okahumpka service plaza
19.
Naples, Florida
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Naples is a city in Collier County, Florida, United States. As of 2015, the population was about 20,600. Naples is a city of the Naples-Marco Island, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area. Naples is one of the wealthiest cities in the United States, with the sixth highest per capita income in America, real estate is among the most expensive in the country, with houses for sale in excess of $40 million. The city of Naples was founded during the late 1880s by former Confederate general, senator John Stuart Williams and his partner, Louisville businessman Walter N. Haldeman, the publisher of the Louisville Courier-Journal. Throughout the 1870s and 80s, magazine and newspaper stories telling of the mild climate and abundant fish. The name Naples caught on when promoters described the bay as surpassing the bay in Naples, during the war the U. S. Army Air Forces built a small airfield and used it for training purposes, it is now the Naples Municipal Airport. Fill was required to damage from a 1945 hurricane. A local dredging company, Forrest Walker & Sons, created a north of 16th Avenue S. In 1949, Forrest Walker asked Mr. Rust to sell him the 296 acres from Jamaica Channel to todays 14th Avenue S. The Jamaica Channel was widened, one canal was dredged, and 14th Avenue S was created by March 1950, additional channels were eventually added to the south of 14th Avenue S and are named alphabetically for local water birds. From the channels there are coves named Flamingo, Gull, Heron and these initial channels, canals, and coves were dredged and bulldozed from the mangrove swamps. Where shallow rock precluded digging, land was filled to create lots with navigable water, the Aqualane Shores Association was incorporated as a non-profit corporation on February 3,1966. The numerous canals and waterfront homes add a feature to the south portion of Naples. As of the census of 2010, there were 19,537 people,9,710 households, the population density was 1,744.3 per square mile. There were 16,957 housing units at a density of 1,410.0 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 94. 1% White,4. 5% Black,0. 12% Native American,0. 33% Asian,0. 02% Pacific Islander,0. 30% from other races, and 1. 0% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4. 5% of the population,34. 0% of all households were made up of individuals and 20. 1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older
20.
Everglades
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The Everglades is a natural region of tropical wetlands in the southern portion of the U. S. state of Florida, comprising the southern half of a large drainage basin and part of the neotropic ecozone. The system begins near Orlando with the Kissimmee River, which discharges into the vast but shallow Lake Okeechobee. Water leaving the lake in the wet season forms a slow-moving river 60 miles wide, the Everglades experience a wide range of weather patterns, from frequent flooding in the wet season to drought in the dry season. Human habitation in the portion of the Florida peninsula dates to 15,000 years ago. Before European colonization, the region was dominated by the native Calusa, with Spanish colonization, both tribes declined gradually during the following two centuries. The Seminole formed from mostly Creek people who had been warring to the North, they assimilated other peoples and created a new culture. After being forced from northern Florida into the Everglades during the Seminole Wars of the early 19th century, migrants to the region who wanted to develop plantations first proposed draining the Everglades in 1848, but no work of this type was attempted until 1882. Canals were constructed throughout the first half of the 20th century, in 1947, Congress formed the Central and Southern Florida Flood Control Project, which built 1,400 miles of canals, levees, and water control devices. The Miami metropolitan area grew substantially at this time and Everglades water was diverted to cities, portions of the Everglades were transformed into farmland, where the primary crop was sugarcane. Approximately 50 percent of the original Everglades has been developed as agricultural or urban areas, following this period of rapid development and environmental degradation, the ecosystem began to receive notable attention from conservation groups in the 1970s. Internationally, UNESCO and the Ramsar Convention designated the Everglades a Wetland Area of Global Importance, the construction of a large airport 6 miles north of Everglades National Park was blocked when an environmental study found that it would severely damage the South Florida ecosystem. With heightened awareness and appreciation of the region, restoration began in the 1980s with the removal of a canal that had straightened the Kissimmee River, however, development and sustainability concerns have remained pertinent in the region. The deterioration of the Everglades, including water quality in Lake Okeechobee, was linked to the diminishing quality of life in South Floridas urban areas. In 2000 the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan was approved by Congress to combat these problems, to date, it is the most expensive and comprehensive environmental restoration attempt in history, but its implementation has faced political complications. The first written record of the Everglades was on Spanish maps made by cartographers who had not seen the land and they named the unknown area between the Gulf and Atlantic coasts of Florida Laguna del Espíritu Santo. The area was featured on maps for decades without having been explored, British surveyor John Gerard de Brahm, who mapped the coast of Florida in 1773, called the area River Glades. Both Marjory Stoneman Douglas and linguist Wallace McMullen suggest that cartographers substituted Ever for River, the name Everglades first appeared on a map in 1823, although it was also spelled as Ever Glades as late as 1851. The Seminole call it Pa-hay-okee, meaning Grassy Water, the region was labeled Pa-hai-okee on an American military map from 1839, although it had earlier been called Ever Glades throughout the Second Seminole War
21.
Everglades National Park
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Everglades National Park is a U. S. National Park in Florida that protects the southern 20 percent of the original Everglades. In the United States, it is the largest tropical wilderness, the largest wilderness of any kind east of the Mississippi River and it is the third-largest national park in the lower 48 states after Death Valley and Yellowstone. It has been declared an International Biosphere Reserve, a World Heritage Site, although most U. S. national parks preserve unique geographic features, Everglades National Park was the first created to protect a fragile ecosystem. The Everglades are a network of wetlands and forests fed by a river flowing.25 miles per day out of Lake Okeechobee, the Park is the most significant breeding ground for tropical wading birds in North America and contains the largest mangrove ecosystem in the western hemisphere. The majority of South Floridas fresh water, which is stored in the Biscayne Aquifer, is recharged in the park. Humans have lived for thousands of years in or around the Everglades until plans arose in 1882, to drain the wetlands, as the 20th century progressed, water flow from Lake Okeechobee was increasingly controlled and diverted to enable explosive growth of the South Florida metropolitan area. The park was established in 1934, to protect the quickly vanishing Everglades, the ecosystems in Everglades National Park have suffered significantly from human activity, and restoration of the Everglades is a politically charged issue in South Florida. Everglades National Park covers 1,509,000 acres, throughout Dade, Monroe, the elevation typically ranges from 0 to 8 feet above sea level, but a Calusa-built shell mound on the Gulf Coast rises 20 feet above sea level. The terrain of South Florida is relatively and consistently flat, although rock formations are not a central draw to Everglades National Park, the limestone that underlies the Everglades is integral to the formation of the diverse ecosystems within the park. Florida was once part of the African portion of the supercontinent Gondwana, after it separated, conditions allowed a shallow marine environment to deposit calcium carbonate in sand, shells, and coral to be converted into limestone. Tiny bits of shell, sand, and bryozoans compressed over multiple layers forming unique structures in the limestone called ooids, the Florida peninsula appeared above sea level between 100,000 and 150,000 years ago. As sea levels at the end of the Wisconsin ice age rose, Lake Okeechobee began to flood and convection thunderstorms were created. Vast peat deposits south of Lake Okeechobee indicate that regular flooding had occurred about 5,000 years ago, plants began to migrate, subtropical ones from the northern part of Florida, and tropicals carried as seeds by birds from islands in the Caribbean. Although the limestone shelf appears to be flat, there are slight rises—called pinnacles—and depressions caused by the erosion of limestone by the properties of the water. Portions of the Everglades that remain flooded for more than nine out of the year are usually covered by peat. Areas that are flooded six months or less are covered by marl, plant communities are determined by the type of soil and amount of water present. While they are common in the portion of Florida, no underground springs feed water into the Everglades system. An underground reservoir called the Floridan Aquifer lies about 1,000 feet below the surface of South Florida, however, the Everglades has an immense capacity for water storage, owing to the sponge-like permeable limestone beneath the exposed land
22.
Miami-Dade County, Florida
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Miami-Dade County is a county located in the southeastern part of the U. S. state of Florida. It is the southeasternmost county on the U. S. mainland, according to a 2015 census report, the county had a population of 2,693,117, making it the most populous county in Florida and the seventh-most populous county in the United States. It is also Floridas third-largest county in terms of land area, Miami-Dade County is included in the Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach, FL Metropolitan Statistical Area. The county is home to 34 incorporated cities and many unincorporated areas, southern Miami-Dade County includes the Redland and Homestead areas, which make up the agricultural economy of Miami. Agricultural Redland makes up one third of Miami-Dade Countys inhabited land area, and is sparsely populated. The western portion of the county extends into the Everglades National Park and is populated only by a Miccosukee tribal village, East of the mainland in Biscayne Bay is also Biscayne National Park and the Biscayne Bay Aquatic Preserves. The earliest evidence of Native American settlement in the Miami region came from about 12,000 years ago, the first inhabitants settled on the banks of the Miami River, with the main villages on the northern banks. The Tequesta Indians fished, hunted, and gathered the fruit and roots of plants for food and they buried the small bones of the deceased with the rest of the body, and put the larger bones in a box for the village people to see. The Tequesta are credited with making the Miami Circle, Juan Ponce de León was the first European to visit the area in 1513 by sailing into Biscayne Bay. His journal records that he reached Chequescha, a varianth of Tequesta and it is unknown whether he came ashore or made contact with the natives. Pedro Menéndez de Avilés and his men made the first recorded landing when they visited the Tequesta settlement in 1566 while looking for Avilés missing son, shipwrecked a year earlier. Spanish soldiers led by Father Francisco Villarreal built a Jesuit mission at the mouth of the Miami River a year later, after the Spaniards left, the Tequesta Indians were left to fend themselves from European-introduced diseases like smallpox. By 1711, the Tequesta sent a couple of local chiefs to Havana, Cuba, the Cubans sent two ships to help them, but Spanish illnesses struck and most of the Indians died. The first permanent European settlers arrived in the early 19th century, people came from the Bahamas to South Florida and the Keys to hunt for treasure from the ships that ran aground on the treacherous Great Florida Reef. Some accepted Spanish land offers along the Miami River, at about the same time, the Seminole Indians arrived, along with a group of runaway slaves. The area was affected by the Second Seminole War, during which Major William S. Harney led several raids against the Indians, most non-Indian residents were soldiers stationed at Fort Dallas. It was the most devastating Indian war in American history, causing almost a total loss of population in Miami, after the Second Seminole War ended in 1842, William English, re-established a plantation started by his uncle on the Miami River. He charted the “Village of Miami” on the bank of the Miami River
23.
Miami Avenue
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Miami Avenue is a 16. 8-mile main north-south street running through Coconut Grove, Brickell, Downtown, and Midtown in Miami, Florida. It is the road dividing the street grid of Miami. The southern terminus is on South Bayshore Drive in the Coconut Grove neighborhood of Miami at Alatka Street/Mercy Way in front of Mercy Hospital and it is one way northbound from South 15th Road to South Fourth Street. It is one way southbound from North 17th Street to the Miami River downtown where it curves onto South First Avenue. North of North 17th Street it is two way and continues north through the city of Miami until it crosses the Little River Canal after North 85th Street and it continues north through El Portal a short distance until it crosses North 90th Street and enters the village of Miami Shores. It continues north through Miami Shores until it crosses North 115th Street, the road resumes north from Miami Gardens Drive, terminating at Ives Dairy Road. In Brickell, Miami Avenue, is Brickells main restaurant and nightlife avenue, with bars, restaurants. Miami Avenue is the line between Northwest and Northeast streets. The entire route is in Miami-Dade County, Brickell Avenue Biscayne Boulevard Flagler Street Brickell Downtown Miami
24.
Brickell Avenue
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Brickell Avenue is the name given to a north–south road, formerly part of U. S. Route 1, in Miami, Florida just south of the Miami River. North of the Brickell Avenue Bridge, U. S. Route 1 is known as Biscayne Boulevard, Brickell Avenue is the main road through the Brickell financial district of Downtown Miami, and is considered a desirable address associated with business and finance. Brickell Avenue is lined with office buildings and residential condominiums, as well as many banks. It is an off-grid plan main north–south thoroughfare through the part of Miamis central business district. The portion north of the pair of 7th and 8th Streets carries U. S. Route 41. Downtown Miami Brickell Biscayne Boulevard South Dixie Highway Miami Avenue
25.
Brickell
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Brickell is an urban neighborhood of Greater Downtown Miami, Florida, United States. Directly south of the historic CBD, Brickell is Miami and South Floridas major financial district, by the 1970s, office towers, hotels and apartments began replacing the historic mansions. Today, Brickell has grown to overtake the citys central business district to the north. With a fast-growing residential population, Brickell is one of Miamis fastest-growing as well as its most dense neighborhood, Brickell has a large concentration of wealthy Argentine, Colombian, Cuban, Nicaraguan and Venezuelan residents. Many work in the financial and trade sectors, or live in Brickell part-time. The neighborhood of Brickell has its own newspaper, The Brickell Tribune, Brickell is a dense, high-rise residential neighborhood with many upscale, luxury condominium and apartment towers. Brickell Avenue, Brickells main north-south avenue and along Miami Avenue, home to many popular Miami restaurants, shops, a few hundred feet east of the northeastern side of Brickell is Brickell Key, a gated island of upscale, high-rise residential and hotel towers. As of 2009, over 190,000 office employees work in greater Downtown, today, greater Downtown Miami is one of the fastest-growing neighborhoods in Miami, booming from 40,000 residents in 2000 to 80,000 in 2010. Brickell is served by the Miami Metrorail at the Brickell station, as South Floridas financial district, Brickell is the core of Miamis banking, investment, and financial sectors. Brickell lies south of the Miami River, extending south to SW 26th Road, and is mostly mixed financial and residential north of Broadway, Brickell is home to 31,759 year-round residents. The area of Brickell south of Broadway is mainly low and mid-rise residential buildings west of Brickell Avenue and high-rise residential to the east of Brickell Avenue. Recent construction in Brickell has also enlarged the urban core of Brickell from Brickell Avenue west to the Metrorail line, with new office and residential towers, such as Axis at Brickell Village. As of 2010,80,000 residents live in Brickell, among them, famous celebrities such as José José, Luis Miguel, Clinton Portis, Jennifer Lopez and Marc Anthony. At the center of Brickell is Mary Brickell Village, with an assortment of restaurants, boutiques, services that create an area for high-class retail. Some the best and most well-known names are leasing space in the project, the project is designed after a French style village and attracts social gathering and entertainment. To the north of Brickell is Downtown, with most of the public elementary schools. Downtown is also home to the Miami Main Library, as well as parks, theatres, museums. South of Brickell is Coconut Grove, with Mercy Hospital, CocoWalk, Dinner Key, Villa Vizcaya, as well as historic sites
26.
Greater Downtown Miami
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Downtown Miami is an urban city center, based around the Central Business District of Miami, Florida, United States. In addition to the business district, the area also consists of the Brickell Financial District, Historic District, Government Center, Omni. The neighborhood is divided by the Miami River and is bordered by Midtown to the north, Biscayne Bay to the east, Civic Center and Overtown to the west, Brickell Avenue and Biscayne Boulevard are the main north-south roads, and Flagler Street is the main east-west road. Locally known as Downtown, the area is a cultural, financial, greater Downtown is home to many major museums, parks, education centers, banks, company headquarters, courthouses, government offices, theaters, shops and many of the oldest buildings in the city. Downtown Miami is the heart of Miami, and along with Coconut Grove, is the oldest settled area of Miami. Urban development began in the 1890s with the construction of the Florida East Coast Railway by Standard Oil industrialist Henry Flagler down to Miami at the insistence of Julia Tuttle, after New York City and Chicago. Along with Brickell, Downtown has grown from 40,000 residents in 2000, to over 70,000 in 2009 and it was estimated in February 2010, that about 550 new residents move to the Downtown area every month. As of 2009, over 190,000 office employees work in Downtown, Downtown is served by the Miami Metrorail at Historic Overtown/Lyric Theatre, Government Center, and Brickell stations, accessible from Broward and Palm Beach counties via Tri-Rail transfer station. The Metro connects to the Downtown Metromover, which encompasses 22 stations on the clockwise Inner loop and counterclockwise Brickell, Government Center station is Downtowns main station and allows for transfers to all Metromover loops, Metrorail trains, and Metrobus lines at the Stephen P. Clark Government Center. Downtown Miami is centered on the Central business district, best known by local Miamians as simply Downtown, Downtown is bound by NE 6th St to the north, Biscayne Bay to the east, the Miami River to the west and south. Miami Historic District and Government Center are also located within the CBD, Downtown is directly served by the Miami Metrorail at, Government Center Station, and by 13 Metromover stations on the Downtown, Brickell, and Omni Loops. Brickell is south of the Miami River, and is a mixed upper-class residential neighborhood as well as Miamis major financial district along Brickell Avenue, the Shops at Mary Brickell Village and Simpson Park are located within Brickell. Brickell is directly served by the Miami Metrorail at, Brickell Station, Omni is an urban neighborhood with numerous hotels, and high-rise residential buildings. The neighborhoods name comes from the Omni International Mall on Biscayne Boulevard, Omni borders Biscayne Bay the east, NE 2nd Ave to the west, NE 21st St to the north and I-395 to the south. Pace Park, Adrienne Arsht Center for the Performing Arts, Omni is served by the Miami Metrorail at, Government Center Station, and by two Metromover stations on the Omni Loop. Park West is directly served by the Miami Metrorail at, Historic Overtown/Lyric Theatre Station, the Miami Jewelry District is a sub-neighborhood of Downtown within the Central Business District historically known for its numerous jewelry stores, jewelers and gem dealers. It is where a variety of jeweled products are sold and is one of the three districts in the United States. The Jewelry District can be accessed by public transportation through the Metromover, as of 2010, the population of Downtown Miami was 65,696 people, with a population density of 27,487 per square mile
27.
Interstate 75 in Florida
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Interstate 75 is a part of the Interstate Highway System and runs from the Hialeah–Miami Lakes border, a few miles northwest of Miami, to Sault Ste. Marie in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, I-75 runs for 471 miles in Florida, making it the longest interstate in any state east of the Mississippi River. The interstate maintains a speed limit of 70 mph for its length in Florida. The portion of I-75 from Tampa northward was a part of the original 1955 Interstate Highway plans, for FDOT inventory purposes, it is designated as State Road 93 for most of its length in Florida. I-75 begins its journey at an interchange with SR826 and SR924 on the Hialeah–Miami Lakes border. As it curves around the border of Miami Lakes, I-75 serves some of the fringes of South Florida as an eight-lane highway. After an exit with SR860, I-75 has a interchange with the Homestead Extension of Floridas Turnpike before crossing into Broward County. There, it continues through the suburbs of Pembroke Pines, Weston, Miramar, Davie. It was originally constructed as a highway before it was converted to a four-lane highway meeting Interstate Highway standards. At this point, I-75 loses a lane in each direction, heading west, the Alligator Alley section west of Fort Lauderdale, Florida and east of Naples is due west–east and is one of only two sections of I-75 that are tolled. There are only two interchanges along the 75 mile tolled portion of Alligator Alley in addition to two rest areas and a number of scenic outlook points as it crosses the Florida Everglades. I-75 enters Collier County along Alligator Alley just west of the Snake Road exit, there are a number of small bridges along Alligator Alley to allow wildlife to pass under the freeway especially along the Florida Panther National Wildlife Refuge east of SR29. Extensive fencing also prevents wildlife from crossing traffic, once near Naples at County Road 951, I-75 makes a sharp turn north resuming its south–north trajectory and gains a third lane each way as it parallels Floridas west coast. At this point, Alligator Alley ends and I-75 is toll free for the rest of its length in Florida, North of Ellenton, I-275 splits from I-75 to serve St. Petersburg and Pinellas County via the Sunshine Skyway Bridge and Tampa via the Howard Frankland Bridge. I-75 parallels the shore of Tampa Bay as a bypass route of the Tampa Bay Area, as it passes by the communities of Brandon, Temple Terrace. Two expressways access downtown Tampa from I-75, the Lee Roy Selmon Expressway, within the Tampa Bay Metropolitan Area, many interchanges are far more complex than mere diamond, cloverleaf, or even SPUI interchanges. Aside from the turbine interchange with I-4, there are interchanges with Fowler Avenue. A flyover ramp was built from southbound Bruce B, widened median segments exist in Northern Pasco County, Hernando County, and in Sumter County north of County Road 476-B
28.
Big Cypress National Preserve
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Big Cypress National Preserve is a United States National Preserve located in southern Florida, about 45 miles west of Miami. In 2008, Florida film producer Elam Stoltzfus featured this preserve in a PBS documentary, Big Cypress has a tropical savannah climate. Days are some of the hottest in Florida, January has an average high of 78.4 and August has an average high of 94.0 while Miami only averages 76.1 and 90.7. However, nights cool down into the 50s in winter, means range from 66.5 in January to 84.7 in August. Highs exceed 90 on 159 days per year, while they fall below 70 on just 10, hardiness zone is 10A, with an average annual minimum of 34. The lowest recorded maximum was 48 in 2010, while the highest minimum on record was 89 in 2005, ecologically, the preserve is slightly more elevated than the western Everglades. Big Cypress was historically occupied by cultures of Native Americans. Their descendants include the federally recognized Miccosukee Tribe of Indians of Florida, early European-American settlers hunted herons and egrets, whose feathers were extremely popular with 19th and 20th-century hat-makers in New York and Paris. Poachers hunted American alligators and crocodiles to near extinction, when the timber industry began to operate in the area, it built railroads, and cut and hauled out most of the cypress ecosystems old growth trees. Portions of the Big Cypress were farmed for winter vegetables, the search for oil in Florida began in 1901, but with no success. The wells currently produce about 20 barrels of oil per day and they and other hunters may use off-road vehicles, and home and business owners have been permitted to keep their properties in the preserve. In the 1960s, Native Americans, hunters, and conservationists succeeded at fighting an effort to move Miami International Airports international flights to a new airport in the Big Cypress area and they followed up with a campaign to have Big Cypress included in the National Parks System. Although construction of the new airport had begun, it was stopped after one runway was completed. It is now known as the Dade-Collier Training and Transition Airport, the preserve is highly diverse biologically. The preserve is home to federally listed endangered species including, the eastern indigo snake. Twelve campgrounds in Big Cypress are tailored to motor vehicles, where tourists planning overnight stays can park their vehicles, the southern terminus of the Florida National Scenic Trail is located in Big Cypress, and provides hiking opportunities during the winter months. Some of the most beautiful wading and walking can be found in cypress strands, because alligators are numerous and often large, wading through the cypress country requires constant alertness. The preserves visitor center offers a video about the surroundings
29.
Miami Herald
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The Miami Herald is a daily newspaper owned by the McClatchy Company and headquartered in Doral, Florida, a city in western Miami-Dade County several miles west of Miami. Founded in 1903, it is the second largest newspaper in South Florida, serving Miami-Dade, Broward County and it also circulates throughout Latin America and the Caribbean. The newspaper employs over 800 people in Miami and across several bureaus, including Bogotá, Managua, Tallahassee, Vero Beach, Key West, the newspaper has been awarded 20 Pulitzer Prizes since beginning publication in 1903. Well-known columnists include Pulitzer-winning political commentator Leonard Pitts, Jr. Pulitzer-winning reporter Mirta Ojito, humorist Dave Barry, other columnists include Fred Grimm and longtime sportswriter Edwin Pope. Alexandra Villoch is the publisher, and Aminda Marqués Gonzalez is the executive editor, the newspaper averages 88 pages daily and 212 pages on Sundays. The Miami Heralds coverage of Latin American and Hispanic affairs is widely considered among the best of U. S. newspapers. The Miami Herald also participates in Politifact Florida, a website that focuses on the truth about Florida issues, along with the Tampa Bay Times, the Herald and the Times share resources on news stories related to Florida. The first edition was published September 15,1903, as The Miami Evening Record, after the recession of 1907, the newspaper had severe financial difficulties. Its largest creditor was Henry Flagler, through a loan from Henry Flagler, Frank B. Shutts, who was also the founder of the law firm Shutts & Bowen, acquired the paper, although it is the longest continuously published newspaper in Miami, the earliest newspaper in the region was The Tropical Sun, established in 1891. The Miami Metropolis, which later became The Miami News, was founded in 1896, and was the Heralds oldest competitor until 1988, during the Florida land boom of the 1920s, the Miami Herald was the largest newspaper in the world, as measured by lines of advertising. During The Great Depression in the 1930s, the Herald came close to receivership, on October 25,1939, John S. Knight, son of a noted Ohio newspaperman, bought the Herald from Frank B. Knight became editor and publisher, and made his brother, James L. Knight, lee Hills arrived as city editor in September 1942. He later became the Heralds publisher and eventually the chairman of Knight-Ridder Inc. a position he held until 1981, the Miami Herald International Edition, printed by partner newspapers throughout the Caribbean and Latin America, began in 1946. It was extended to Mexico in 2002, the Herald won its first Pulitzer Prize in 1950, for its reporting on Miamis organized crime. Its circulation was 176,000 daily and 204,000 on Sundays, on August 19,1960, construction began on the Herald building on Biscayne Bay. Also on that day, Alvah H. Chapman, started work as James Knights assistant, Chapman was later promoted to Knight-Ridder chairman and chief executive officer. The Herald moved into its new building at One Herald Plaza without missing an edition on March 23–24,1963, publication of a Spanish-language supplemental insert named El Herald began in 1976
30.
Lee County, Florida
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Lee County is a county in the State of Florida. As of the 2010 census, the population was 618,754, the county seat is Fort Myers, and the largest city is Cape Coral. Lee County comprises the Cape Coral–Fort Myers, FL Metropolitan Statistical Area, Lee County was created in 1887 from Monroe County. It was named for Robert E. Lee, Confederate general in the American Civil War, incorporated in 1886, Fort Myers is the center of a popular tourist area in Southwest Florida and the seat of Lee County. It is about 120 miles south of Tampa at the point of the Gulf of Mexico. Fort Myers was the frequent winter home of Thomas Edison, as well as Henry Ford, Lee County has been the host to several Major League Baseball teams for Spring Training, over the past several decades. Currently, it is the home of the Boston Red Sox. Fort Myers, built in 1850 as a fort to fend off Seminole Indians, was named after Col. Abraham C. Myers, who was stationed in Florida for seven years and was the son-in-law of the fort’s establisher and commander, in 1858, after years of elusive battle, chief Billy Bowlegs and his warriors were persuaded to surrender and move west, and the fort was abandoned. Billy’s Creek, which flows into the Caloosahatchee River, was named after a camp where Billy Bowlegs. In 1863, the fort was reoccupied by Federal troops during the Civil War, in 1865 the fort was attacked unsuccessfully by a small group of Confederates. After the war, the fort was again deserted, the first settlers arrived in 1866, but it was not until 1882 when the city experienced a significant influx of settlers. Fort Myers first became a nationally known winter resort with the building of The Royal Palm Hotel in 1898, but what really sparked the city’s growth was the construction of the Tamiami Trail Bridge built across the Caloosahatchee River in 1924. After the bridge’s construction, the city experienced its first real estate boom and his ships often made port at Cayo Costa at the entrance to the harbor. Enchanted by the island, he eventually decided to settle there. Padilla prospered until the outbreak of the Spanish–American War when his fleet was burned and scuttled and he then turned to another means of livelihood – fishing. When the government claimed his land he was disinclined to set up another ranch so moved with his wife further down the island and as before, simply homesteaded. The Padilla family is one of the first pioneer families of Lee County, in 1923, Collier and Hendry Counties were created by splitting these areas from Lee County
31.
Hendry County, Florida
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Hendry County is a county located in the U. S. state of Florida. As of the 2010 census, the population was 39,140, Hendry County comprises the Clewiston, Fla. Hendry County was created in 1923 and it was named for Captain Francis A. Hendry, one of the first white settlers. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 1,190 square miles. The county borders Lake Okeechobee, the Lake Okeechobee Scenic Trail runs through Hendry County, as of the census of 2000, there were 36,210 people,10,850 households, and 8,137 families residing in the county. The population density was 31 people per square mile, there were 12,294 housing units at an average density of 11 per square mile. 39. 59% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race,18. 6% of all households were made up of individuals and 7. 3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.09 and the family size was 3.44. In the county, the population was out with 30. 0% under the age of 18,13. 3% from 18 to 24,28. 3% from 25 to 44,18. 3% from 45 to 64. The median age was 30 years, for every 100 females there were 125.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 131.4 males, the median income for a household in the county was $33,592, and the median income for a family was $34,902. Males had an income of $25,896 versus $20,070 for females. The per capita income for the county was $13,663, about 16. 9% of families and 24. 1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 29. 9% of those under age 18 and 15. 0% of those age 65 or over. In 2010 the population of Hendry Country was 39,140
32.
Monroe County, Florida
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Monroe County is a county located in the state of Florida. As of the 2010 census, the population was 73,090 and its county seat is Key West. Monroe County includes the islands of the Florida Keys, only 24 people live on the mainland. Monroe County comprises the Key West, FL Micropolitan Statistical Area, although 87% of the countys land area is on the mainland, that region is part of the Everglades and is virtually uninhabited. Over 99% of the population lives on the Florida Keys. Monroe County was created in 1823 and it was named for James Monroe, the fifth President of the United States, who served from 1817 to 1825. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 3,738 square miles. It is the largest county in Florida by total area, more than 99 percent of the Monroe County population lives in the island chain known as the Florida Keys. The area, officially named Cape Sable Census County Division, is virtually uninhabited, as of the Census of 2000, this area had 86.9 percent of the countys land area, but only 0.075 percent of its population. The Census Bureau defines this area as Census Tract 9701 of Monroe County, the only three populated places appearing on detailed maps and in the USGS geographic name database are Flamingo, Pinecrest, and Trail City. Flamingo, located on the south coast and at the end of State Road 9336, is the location of the Flamingo Lodge,11 km northeast on the highway is the West Lake Trail. Pinecrest, located in the interior of the county on Loop Road. Trail City is 6 km west of Pinecrest on Loop Road, Loop Road can be found on most maps as CR94, although the roadway no longer has a numbered designation and is now managed by the National Park Service. Between the south coast of Floridas mainland and the Florida Keys is Florida Bay, which is encompassed by the Everglades National Park and contains numerous islets or keys. Collier County – north Miami-Dade County – east and north As of the census of 2000, there were 79,589 people,35,086 households, the population density was 80 people per square mile. There were 51,617 housing units at a density of 52 per square mile. The racial makeup of the county was 90. 65% White,4. 77% Black or African American,0. 38% Native American,0. 83% Asian,0. 04% Pacific Islander,1. 55% from other races, and 1. 78% from two or more races. 15. 77% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race, in 2005 Monroe County had a population that was 75. 1% non-Hispanic white,17. 7% Latino,5. 4% African-American and 1. 1% Asian
33.
Barron Collier
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He also owned a telephone company and a steamship line. Collier was born in Memphis, Tennessee and he quit school at age sixteen to work for the Illinois Central Railroad. Within four years, he started his own business, the Consolidated Street Railway Advertising Company of New York City, by age twenty-six, he was already worth a million dollars. Collier married in 1907 to Juliet Gordon Carnes, also a native of Memphis, in 1911, the Colliers visited Fort Myers, Florida, on vacation, and fell in love with the area. They bought nearby Useppa Island for the sum of $100,000, Collier was an avid fisherman and established the Izaak Walton Club at their Useppa Island resort. Named for the seventeenth century author of The Compleat Angler, it one of the most exclusive sporting clubs in the world. Collier next developed golf courses and improved a hunting club, the Rod and Gun Club, in Everglades City, Florida, that also attracted wealthy tourists. Over the next decade, the Colliers went on to more than a million acres of land in Southwest Florida. He invested millions of dollars to transform and develop the wilderness, including drainage of the Everglades, for his influence and investment in the states future, the Florida legislature named the newly created Collier County in his honor on May 8,1923. Barron Colliers tremendous energy was manifest in other areas and he was involved in the national Boy Scout movement. In New York he served as deputy commissioner for public safety. Following the Lindbergh kidnapping in March 1932, he was an influential figure persuading the U. S. government to join INTERPOL in 1938, interpol originally had been formed in 1923. He was decorated by nine foreign governments and his wife, Juliet Carnes Collier, appeared on the cover of the U. S. edition of the Tatler, the Tatler and American Sketch, in the early 1930s. Collier died March 13,1939, in Manhattan, survived by his wife and three sons, Barron Jr. Miles, and Samuel, and was interred at Woodlawn Cemetery in Bronx, New York. Although the Great Depression had strained his finances and slowed development of their Florida lands, Miles, Cameron Argetsinger, and Briggs Cunningham were instrumental in founding Watkins Glen near one of their summer retreats. Juliet worried about the risks of racing and tried to influence her sons against it, however, Sam died in a racing accident. Reclaiming the Everglades / Barron Gift Collier, Barron Collier at Find a Grave
34.
Tamiami Trail
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The Tamiami Trail /ˈtæ. mi. ˌæ. mi ˈtreɪl/ is the southernmost 275 miles of U. S. Highway 41 from Florida State Road 60 in Tampa to US1 in Miami. A portion of the road also has the designation of State Road 90. The 275-mile north–south section extends to Naples, whereupon it becomes an east–west road crossing the Everglades. It becomes Southwest Eighth Street in Miami-Dade County, famous as Calle Ocho in the Little Havana section of Miami, before ending east of Miami Avenue at Brickell Avenue in Brickell, construction on the north–south section was begun in 1915. The east–west portion was called the Miami-Marco Road. The following year, Miami’s Capt. James Franklin Jaudon first proposed a road connecting Florida’s Gulf, the notion was seconded by Tampa’s E. P. Dickey, who suggested a name, the Tamyami Trail. The name Tamiami is said to be a contraction of the phrase Tampa to Miami, while support in Tampa for the proposed road was lacking, Miami Herald columnist William Stewart Hill would keep the idea alive whenever he felt that support was waning on the southeastern coast. At the time, Lee County was a larger county. In 1919, for reasons, Lee County was unable to complete its portion of the Tamiami Trail. Captain Jaudon had already purchased 207,360 acres of land, the proposal was accepted, the Chevelier Corporation began laying out a new route for the road and in 1921 began construction on the new segment of the Tamiami Trail. This segment is known as Loop Road. In 1922, the State of Florida ran out of funds for the east–west portion. So in 1923, Collier County was created out of the portion of Lee County. Almost immediately contention arose over the change of the route, the sponsors of the new county advocated for the original route, which was completely inside the boundaries of Collier County, and the State Road Department agreed with Collier County. Even so, the Board of County Commissioners of Dade County supported the Chevelier segment, since so much money had already been invested, as construction of the north–south section resumed, Collier hired A. R. Richardson to be the head engineer of the Naples-to-Miami section. A few months later, A. W. Frederick replaced Richardson, construction started on the east–west stretch in 1923. An east–west canal was created using explosives, the dirt was used to construct the roadway
35.
Fort Myers, Florida
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Fort Myers is the county seat and commercial center of Lee County, Florida, United States. Fort Myers is a gateway to the Southwest Florida region and a major tourist destination within Florida, the winter homes of Thomas Edison and Henry Ford are a primary tourist attraction in the region. The city is named after Colonel Abraham Myers, the geographic statistical area is serviced by Southwest Florida International Airport, located southeast of the city. Fort Myers was one of the first forts built along the Caloosahatchee River as a base of operations against the Seminole Indians during the American Indian Wars, during the Seminole Wars, Fort Myers was a strategic location for its visibility and access to Atlantic waterways. During the American Civil War, Confederate blockade runners and cattle ranchers called Fort Myers home and these settlers prospered through trading with Seminole Indians and Union Soldiers. The Fort Myers community was founded by Captain Manuel A. Gonzalez on February 21,1866. Captain Manuel A. Gonzalez was familiar with the area as a result of his years of delivering mail and supplies to the Union Army at the Fort during the Seminole Indian Wars. When the U. S. Government abandoned the Fort following the Civil War, Gonzalez traveled by sailing vessel from Key West, three weeks later, Joseph Vivas and his wife, Christianna Stirrup Vivas, arrived with Gonzalezs wife, Evalina Gonzalez, and daughter, Mary Gonzalez. Gonzales had shipped supplies and carried mail during the war and settled his family near the abandoned Fort Myers to begin the towns first trading post, Gonzalez traded tobacco, beads, and gunpowder, and sold otter, bobcat, and gator hide, to the neighboring Seminole Indians. In 1881, the wealthy industrialist Hamilton Disston of Philadelphia came to the Caloosahatchee Valley to dredge, diston connected Lake Okeechobee with the Caloosahatchee River, which allowed steamboats to run from the Gulf of Mexico to Lake Okeechobee and up the Kissimmee River. On August 12,1885, the town of Fort Myers—all 349 residents—was incorporated. By that time, it was the second largest town on Florida’s Gulf Coast south of Cedar Key, in 1885, inventor Thomas Alva Edison was cruising Florida’s west coast and stopped to visit Fort Myers. He soon bought 13 acres along the Caloosahatchee River in town, after the Lodge was completed in 1886, Edison and his wife, Mina, spent many winters at their home in Fort Myers. Edison also enjoyed local recreational fishing, for which Fort Myers had gained national notoriety, in 1898, Fort Myers became a nationally known winter resort destination with the building of the Royal Palm Hotel. On May 10,1904, access to the Fort Myers area was improved with the opening of the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad. This route provided Lee County both passenger and freight railroad service, in 1908, the Arcade Theater was constructed in downtown Fort Myers. It served originally as a house, and was an auditorium that Fort Myers resident Thomas Edison sat in to view his first films, with his friends Henry Ford. The Arcade Theatre was eventually converted into a movie house
36.
Rand McNally
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Rand McNally is an American technology and publishing company that provides mapping, software and hardware for the consumer electronics, commercial transportation and education markets. The company is headquartered in the Chicago suburb of Skokie, Illinois, with a center in Richmond. In 1856, William Rand opened a shop in Chicago. The shop did big business with the forerunner of the Chicago Tribune, in 1868, the two men established Rand McNally & Co. and bought the Tribunes printing business. The company initially focused on printing tickets and timetables for Chicagos booming railroad industry, in 1870, the company expanded into printing business directories and an illustrated newspaper, the Peoples Weekly. The first Rand McNally map, created using a new cost-saving wax engraving method, Rand McNally became an incorporated business in 1873, with Rand as its president and McNally as vice president. The Business Atlas, containing maps and data pertinent to business planning, was first published in 1876, the atlas is still updated today, now titled the Commercial Atlas & Marketing Guide. The Trade Book department was established in 1877, publishing such titles as The Locust Plague in the United States, Rand McNally began publishing educational maps in 1880 with its first line of maps, globes, and geography textbooks, soon followed by a world atlas. Also in 1894, the opened an office in New York City headed by Caleb S. Hammond. Rand McNally published its first road map, the New Automobile Road Map of New York City & Vicinity, in 1910, the company acquired the line of Photo-Auto Guides from G. S. Chapin, which provided photographs of routes and intersections with directions. Andrew McNally II personally took photos on his honeymoon for the Chicago-to-Milwaukee edition, the company continued to expand its book publishing business, with best-selling childrens books such as The Real Mother Goose in 1916 and Kon-Tiki in 1950. Rand McNally was the first major map publisher to embrace a system of numbered highways, one of its cartographers, John Brink, invented a system that was first published in 1917 on a map of Peoria, Illinois. In addition to creating maps with numbered roads, Rand McNally also erected many of the actual roadside highway signs and this system was subsequently adopted by state and federal highway authorities. The oil industry quickly developed an interest in maps, enticing Americans to explore. In 1920, Rand McNally began publishing road maps for the Gulf Oil Company, by 1930, Rand McNally had two major road map competitors, General Drafting and Gousha, the latter of which was founded by a former Rand McNally sales representative. The Rand McNally Auto Chum, later to become the ubiquitous Rand McNally Road Atlas, the first full-color edition was published in 1960 and in 1993, it became fully digitized. The Goodes School Atlas, named for its first editor, Dr. J. Paul Goode, was published in 1923 and it became a standard text for high school and college geography curricula. Later retitled Goodes World Atlas, it is now in its 22nd edition, the first Rand McNally Travel Store was opened in New York City in 1937
37.
Dynamite
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Dynamite is an explosive made of nitroglycerin, sorbents and stabilizers. It was invented by the Swedish chemist and engineer Alfred Nobel in Geesthacht and it rapidly gained wide-scale use as a safer alternative to gun powder and nitroglycerin. Dynamite was invented by Alfred Nobel and was the first safely manageable explosive stronger than black powder, Nobel obtained patents for his invention in England on 7 May 1867, in Sweden on 19 October 1867. After its introduction, dynamite rapidly gained wide-scale use as an alternative to black powder. Nobel tightly controlled the patents, and unlicensed duplicating companies were shut down. However, a few American businessmen got around the patent by using a different formula. Nobel originally sold dynamite as Nobels Blasting Powder but decided to change the name to dynamite, from the Ancient Greek word δύναμις dýnamis, an industrialist, engineer, and inventor, Alfred Nobels father, Immanuel Nobel, built bridges and buildings in Stockholm. His construction work inspired him to new methods of blasting rock. Immanuels work with later on inspired Alfred to make explosives safer. Today dynamite is used in the mining, quarrying, construction. Dynamite is still the product of choice for trenching applications, Dynamite is occasionally used as an initiator or booster for AN and ANFO explosive charges. Nitroglycerin by itself is a strong explosive, but is extremely shock-sensitive, and degrades over time to even more unstable forms. Dynamite combines nitroglycerin with absorbents and stabilizers, rendering it safe to use, the original composition of dynamite consisted of three parts Explosive Oil, one part diatomaceous earth as the absorbent, and a small admixture of sodium carbonate antacid as the stabilizer. Diatomaceous earth is not usually used today as an absorbent medium and it has replaced by cheaper media like sawdust, wood pulp, flour. Other stabilizers like calcium carbonate or zinc oxide can be used in the place of sodium carbonate, sodium nitrate is added to the medium as an oxidizer that improves the dynamites brisance. Dynamite is usually sold in the form of cardboard cylinders about 20 cm long and about 3.2 cm in diameter, a stick of dynamite thus produced contains roughly 1 MJ of energy. Other sizes also exist, rated by either portion or by weight, Dynamite is usually rated by weight strength, usually from 20% to 60%. For example, 40% dynamite is composed of 40% nitroglycerin and 60% dope, the maximum shelf life of nitroglycerin-based dynamite is recommended as one year from the date of manufacture under good storage conditions
38.
Tourist trap
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Tourist trap is an establishment, or group of establishments, that has been created or re-purposed with the aim of attracting tourists and their money. Tourist traps will typically provide services, entertainment, food, souvenirs, while some establishments may be viewed by tourists as fun and interesting diversions, tourist traps can also have negative connotations when they direct travelers off highways into commercial areas. In some areas simple facilities may be a sufficient draw to tourists to stop. Wall Drug, in South Dakota, began its tourist trade simply by offering ice water, other establishments like The Trees of Mystery in Klamath, California avoid the phrase. Clifton Hill, Niagara Falls is a popular tourist trap in Niagara Falls, the street attractions are owned by two entities. The area also extends to a portion north of Victoria Avenue east and west of Clifton Hill. There are a number of big things in Australia. Many of those were created as Tourist Traps, but have gained cult status in the country since. Gift shop Lists of tourist attractions Roadside attraction Tourist attraction
39.
Miami Beach, Florida
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Miami Beach is a coastal resort city in Miami-Dade County, Florida, United States. It was incorporated on March 26,1915, the municipality is located on natural and man-made barrier islands between the Atlantic Ocean and Biscayne Bay, the latter of which separates the Beach from Miami. The neighborhood of South Beach, comprising the southernmost 2.5 square miles of Miami Beach, along with downtown Miami, as of the 2010 census, Miami Beach had a total population of 87,779. It has been one of Americas pre-eminent beach resorts since the early 20th century, in 1979, Miami Beachs Art Deco Historic District was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The Art Deco District is the largest collection of Art Deco architecture in the world and comprises hundreds of hotels, apartments, mediterranean, Streamline Moderne and Art Deco are all represented in the District. The Historic District is bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the East, Lenox Court on the West, 6th Street on the South and Dade Boulevard along the Collins Canal to the North. The movement to preserve the Art Deco Districts architectural heritage was led by interior designer Barbara Capitman. Miami Beach is governed by a mayor and six commissioners. Although the mayor runs commission meetings, the mayor and all commissioners have equal voting power and are elected by popular election. The mayor serves for terms of two years with a limit of three terms and commissioners serve for terms of four years and are limited to two terms. Commissioners are voted for citywide and every two years three commission seats are voted upon, a city manager is responsible for administering governmental operations. An appointed city manager is responsible for administration of the city, the City Clerk and the City Attorney are also appointed officials. In 1870, a father and son, Henry and Charles Lum, the first structure to be built on this uninhabited oceanfront was the Biscayne House of Refuge, constructed in 1876 by the United States Life-Saving Service at approximately 72nd Street. Its purpose was to provide food, water, and a return to civilization for people who were shipwrecked, Collins family members saw the potential in developing the beach as a resort. This effort got underway in the years of the 20th century by the Collins/Pancoast family, the Lummus brothers. Until then, the beach here was only the destination for day-trips by ferry from Miami, there were bath houses and food stands, but no hotel until Browns Hotel was built in 1915. Much of the land mass at that time was a tangled jungle of mangroves. Clearing it, deepening the channels and water bodies, and eliminating native growth almost everywhere in favor of landfill for development, was expensive
40.
Florida State Road A1A
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State Road A1A is a north-south Florida State Road that runs along the Atlantic Ocean, from Key West at the southern tip of Florida, to Fernandina Beach, just south of Georgia on Amelia Island. It is the road through most oceanfront towns. Part of SR A1A is designated the A1A Scenic and Historic Coastal Byway, a portion of A1A that passes through Volusia County is designated the Ormond Scenic Loop and Trail, a Florida Scenic Highway. It is also called the Indian River Lagoon Scenic Highway from State Road 510 at Wabasso Beach to U. S. Route 1 in Cocoa, A1A also serves as a major thoroughfare through Miami Beach and other south Florida coastal cities. Other than SR A1A Alternate, only two other Florida state roads have begun with a letter, SR A19A, and SR G1A, the road was assigned the number 1 in the 1945 renumbering, mostly replacing the former State Road 140 designation. The number reflected its location in the new grid as the easternmost major north–south road, about a year and a half later, in November 1946, the State Road Board resolved to renumber the route due to confusion with the parallel U. S. Highway 1. The new designation, A1A, was chosen to keep the number 1 in its place in the grid, the East Coast Greenway, a system of trails that connects Maine to Florida, travels along sections of State Road A1A. SR A1A is heavily associated with Florida beach culture and is known for its tropical and subtropical scenery. In many places, the highway runs directly along the waterfront of the Atlantic Ocean, for most of its length, A1A runs along Floridas East Coast Barrier Islands, separated from the mainland of the state by the Intracoastal Waterway. Because of the proximity of the highway to the ocean and its susceptibility to storm surges, sections of A1A are often closed or damaged by hurricanes and tropical storms. Today, A1A serves as more a main highway that connects beach towns for more than 375 miles along Floridas East Coast. S. Route 1 and State Road 5, running along the south shore of Key West, SR A1A is the southmost numbered highway in the lower 48 states. Just north in the town of Surfside, the northbound is Collins Avenue, in Bal Harbour it is called Bal Harbour Boulevard. In Golden Beach it is called Ocean Boulevard and it serves Hallendale Beach, Hollywood Beach, and Dania Beach. It joins with US1 for 3.4 miles, and it then divides and serves Ft. Lauderdale Beach, Pompano Beach, and continuing north. It serves as the road throughout much of the exclusive Palm Beach. In the area of Vero Beach, A1A is called the Robert C, spillman Memorial Highway, and it spans Sebastian Inlet at the Sebastian Inlet Bridge. A1A next passes just to the west of Cape Canaveral and the John F. Kennedy Space Center, two miles of A1A were used as part of the well-known Daytona Beach Road Course
41.
Bypass route
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A bypass specifically designated for trucks may be called a truck route. Petrol stations, shopping centres and some businesses are often built there for ease of access, while homes are often avoided for noise. Bypass routes are often controversial, as they require the building of a road carrying heavy traffic where no road previously existed and this creates a conflict between those who support a bypass to reduce congestion in a built up area, and those who oppose the development of undeveloped land. However, those of the city may also oppose the project. World Largest Bypass Road in India All big City have 12 Bypass, the first London bypass, the present Marylebone Road between Paddington and Islington, was started in 1756. Bypasses can take years to gain planning approval and funding. Many towns and villages have been campaigning for bypasses for over 30 years e. g. Banwell in North Somerset, the protest was popularly known as the Third Battle of Newbury, a name which was also adopted by one of the main protest groups. The name was chosen in reference to the First Battle of Newbury of 1643, in the United States, bypass routes are a type of special route used on an alternative routing of a highway around a town when the main route of the highway goes through the town. The original designation of these routes were truck routes to divert truck traffic away from the town. However, many Truck routes remain where the mainline of the highway is prohibited for trucks, in a few cases, both a bypass and a business route exist, both with auxiliary signs. Bypass routes are less common than business routes, many of those that existed before the era of Interstate highways have lost their old designations. Around St. Louis, Missouri, what had been U. S. Route 50 Bypass was absorbed into a diversion of U. S. Route 50 from Interstate 44 and Interstate 64. In the Interstate Highway System in the United States, bypasses, another meaning of the term bypass route is a highway that was constructed to bypass an area that is often congested with traffic. This includes Interstate Highway beltways and U. S, highways constructed to circumvent downtown areas. Examples of these are U. S. Route 60 bypassing Williamsburg, Virginia, Route 31 bypassing metro South Bend, Indiana, and Interstate 75 bypassing Tampa and St. Petersburg, Florida. These bypasses usually carry mainline routes rather than auxiliary bypass routes, the first bypass route in the United States was completed in 1958, as Alabama State Route 210 in Dothan, Alabama. The term shoofly, while common in rail terminology, can also be applied to a short temporary roadway which bypasses a construction site or other obstruction, manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices uses the term diversion. In Brazil the widest and busiest bypasses are located in the state of São Paulo and it is divided into sections and connected to major highways and while not being a toll road itself, accesses to other motorways are often placed through toll booths
42.
Venice Gardens, Florida
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Venice Gardens is a census-designated place in Sarasota County, Florida, United States. The population was 7,104 at the 2010 census and it is part of the Bradenton–Sarasota–Venice Metropolitan Statistical Area. Venice Gardens is located at 27°4′14″N 82°24′28″W. According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has an area of 2.7 square miles, of which 2.4 square miles is land and 0.27 square miles. As of the census of 2000, there were 7,466 people,3,528 households, the population density was 2,987.9 people per square mile. There were 3,836 housing units at a density of 1,535. 2/sq mi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 97. 43% White,0. 40% African American,0. 08% Native American,1. 25% Asian,0. 15% from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 1. 34% of the population. 28. 4% of all households were made up of individuals and 19. 4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.12 and the average family size was 2.52. In the CDP, the population was out with 14. 5% under the age of 18,3. 9% from 18 to 24,19. 1% from 25 to 44,25. 3% from 45 to 64. The median age was 55 years, for every 100 females there were 86.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.2 males, the median income for a household in the CDP was $38,807, and the median income for a family was $45,911. Males had an income of $28,790 versus $26,000 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $21,440, about 3. 3% of families and 5. 8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 14. 9% of those under age 18 and 2. 8% of those age 65 or over
43.
Florida State Road 997
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State Road 997, also known as Krome Avenue and West 177th Avenue is a 36. 7-mile-long north–south state highway in western Miami-Dade County, Florida. It runs from U. S. Route 1 just south of Florida City north across U. S. Route 41 to U. S. Route 27 near Countyline Dragway, just south of the Broward County line. Its main use is as a bypass around the side of Miami. The road passes through suburbs in the southern third of its length. State Road 997 begins at the end of Florida City, at an unsignalised junction with US1, as an undivided two-laned road. Heading northwest from US1, it turns north and runs parallel to US1 for the next 1.4 miles. Passing a mixture of industry, motels and other commercial uses. As the road approaches Homestead, it more commercial into character. North of Northwest 4th Street, the road opens up again, SR997 passes through the rural community of Redland, crossing CSX tracks north of Southwest 232nd Street. 6.1 miles after leaving Homestead, SR997 forms the terminus of SR994 northwest of the remains of Aladdin City. Past here, the road enters woodland and is relatively uninterrupted for the next 5 miles, save for the Conrad Yelvington facility, reaching the Tamiami Trail at its northern end. After passing the Miccosukee Indian casino and resort, SR997 has an uninterrupted run north along the boundary of the Everglades, after crossing the Miami Canal 4.4 miles later, SR997 terminates after 0.8 miles at US27. State Road 205 was defined in 1931 to run from Flamingo northeast to State Road 4A in Florida City along the Ingraham Highway, there it would run concurrent with US1 into Homestead, splitting onto the existing Krome Avenue to end at State Road 27. In the 1945 renumbering, the State Road 27 number was assigned to all of the former State Road 205, the large Everglades National Park was formed in 1947, taking over most of SR27 southwest from Florida City. Paving of this road, mostly along the old Ingraham Highway, was completed in 1956, the extension north to SR25 opened in the early 1950s. In the mid-1960s, State Road 5 was rerouted onto a bypass of Homestead and this removed the concurrency of SR997 and SR 5/US1, but the old alignment became State Road 5A and U. S. Route 1 Business until 1968. The SR27 designation for Krome Avenue confused many motorists, as the SR27 designation belonged to the nearby Tamiami Trail prior to the 1945 renumbering, Tamiami Trail was still labeled as SR27 on maps for several years following 1945. In later decades, motorists confused Krome Avenue for Okeechobee Road, in 1983, the Florida Department of Transportation renumbered the road as a part of a statewide renumbering and to avoid state road number confusion
44.
Florida
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Florida /ˈflɒrᵻdə/ is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States. It is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico, to the north by Alabama and Georgia, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, Florida is the 22nd-most extensive, the 3rd-most populous, and the 8th-most densely populated of the U. S. states. Jacksonville is the most populous municipality in the state and is the largest city by area in the contiguous United States, the Miami metropolitan area is Floridas most populous urban area. The city of Tallahassee is the state capital, much of the state is at or near sea level and is characterized by sedimentary soil. The climate varies from subtropical in the north to tropical in the south, the American alligator, American crocodile, Florida panther, and manatee can be found in the Everglades National Park. It was a location of the Seminole Wars against the Native Americans. Today, Florida is distinctive for its large Cuban expatriate community and high population growth, the states economy relies mainly on tourism, agriculture, and transportation, which developed in the late 19th century. Florida is also renowned for amusement parks, orange crops, the Kennedy Space Center, Florida has attracted many writers such as Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings, Ernest Hemingway and Tennessee Williams, and continues to attract celebrities and athletes. It is internationally known for golf, tennis, auto racing, by the 16th century, the earliest time for which there is a historical record, major Native American groups included the Apalachee, the Timucua, the Ais, the Tocobaga, the Calusa and the Tequesta. Florida was the first part of the continental United States to be visited and settled by Europeans, the earliest known European explorers came with the Spanish conquistador Juan Ponce de León. Ponce de León spotted and landed on the peninsula on April 2,1513 and he named the region La Florida. The story that he was searching for the Fountain of Youth is a myth, in May 1539, Conquistador Hernando de Soto skirted the coast of Florida, searching for a deep harbor to land. He described seeing a wall of red mangroves spread mile after mile, some reaching as high as 70 feet. Very soon, many smokes appeared along the whole coast, billowing against the sky, the Spanish introduced Christianity, cattle, horses, sheep, the Spanish language, and more to Florida. Both the Spanish and French established settlements in Florida, with varying degrees of success, in 1559, Don Tristán de Luna y Arellano established a settlement at present-day Pensacola, making it the first attempted settlement in Florida, but it was abandoned by 1561. Spain maintained tenuous control over the region by converting the tribes to Christianity. The area of Spanish Florida diminished with the establishment of English settlements to the north, the English attacked St. Augustine, burning the city and its cathedral to the ground several times. Florida attracted numerous Africans and African-Americans from adjacent British colonies who sought freedom from slavery, in 1738, Governor Manuel de Montiano established Fort Gracia Real de Santa Teresa de Mose near St
Tamiami Trail Scenic Highway
US 1 in Miami, FL
SR 60 in Tampa, FL
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