Tanzimat
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The Tanzimat was a period of reforms in the Ottoman Empire that began with the Edict of Gülhane of 1839 and ended with the First Constitutional Era in 1876. Driven by reformist statesmen such as Musta
Mustafa Reşid Pasha, chief architect of the Tanzimat reform
Cenab Şehabeddin was known for his liberal ideals and poetry influenced by French Symbolism.
Diplomat Mehmed Cemil Bey wearing a frock coat and a bow tie.
Necip Ahmed Pasha, career officer and composer in French-inspired uniform.
Edict of Gülhane
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The Gülhane Hatt-ı Şerifi or Tanzimât Fermânı was a proclamation by Ottoman Sultan Abdülmecid I in 1839 that launched the Tanzimât period of reforms and reorganization in the Ottoman Empire. It is nam
Tanzimat
…The Tanzimat (Ottoman Turkish: تنظيمات, Turkish: Tanzimât, lit. 'Reorganization') was a period of reforms in the Ottoman Empire that began with the Edict of Gülhane of 1839 and ended with the First Constitutional Era in 1876. Driven by reformist statesmen such as Mustafa Reşid Pasha, Mehmed Emin Âli Pasha, and Fuad…
Edict of Gülhane in Ottoman Turkish
Mustafa Reşid Pasha, the principal architect of the Edict of Gülhane (The Ottoman Imperial Edict of Reorganization, proclaimed on 3 November 1839)
Ahmed Muhtar Bey contributed to the secularization of the state
Ottoman Parliament 1877