The Tao Te Ching or Dào Dé Jīng, more simply Laozi, is an ancient Chinese classic text traditionally credited to the sage Laozi. It is central to both philosophical and religious Taoism.
Ink on silk manuscript of the Tao Te Ching – from Mawangdui (2nd century BCE)
Laozi riding a water buffalo
The Zhuangzi is an ancient Chinese text that is one of the two foundational texts of Taoism, alongside the Tao Te Ching. It was written during the late Warring States period and is named for its tradi
Tao Te Ching
…1998) and Liu Xiaogan pointed to a dating before the Chuci, as dated "no earlier than the middle of the Warring States period", and before the Inner Zhuangzi. Baxter considered the early Warring States period sufficient as a dating range, but concedes the possibility of a dating halfway closer to the Shijing…
The Butterfly Dream, by Chinese painter Lu Zhi (c. 1550)
Replica of an 8th-century Tang dynasty manuscript of the "Heavenly Revolutions" chapter (No. 14), published in Tokyo in 1932
Zhuangzi Dreaming of a Butterfly, by 18th-century Japanese painter Ike no Taiga
Zhuangzi Dreaming of a Butterfly, by Japanese painter Shibata Zeshin (1888)