1.
Grey's Anatomy
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Greys Anatomy is an American medical drama television series that premiered on American Broadcasting Company as a mid-season replacement on March 27,2005. The series focuses on the lives of surgical interns, residents and attending physicians, as they evolve into seasoned doctors while trying to maintain personal lives. The title is a play on Grays Anatomy, a human anatomy textbook by Henry Gray. The shows premise originated with Shonda Rhimes, who serves as a producer, along with Betsy Beers, Mark Gordon, Krista Vernoff, Rob Corn, Mark Wilding. Although it is set in Seattle at the fictional Grey-Sloan Memorial Hospital it is filmed in Los Angeles. The show was originally titled Complications, a reference to the complicated medical procedures, the series was created to be racially diverse, utilizing a color-blind casting technique. It revolves around the title character Dr. Meredith Grey played by Ellen Pompeo. The original cast consisted of nine star-billed actors, Pompeo, Sandra Oh, Katherine Heigl, Justin Chambers, T. R. Knight, Chandra Wilson, James Pickens Jr. Isaiah Washington and Patrick Dempsey. The cast has undergone changes through the shows run, with many members leaving and being replaced by others. In its twelfth season, the show had an ensemble of sixteen actors. On February 10,2017, ABC renewed Greys Anatomy for a fourteenth season,3 drama on all of broadcast. Greys Anatomy has been received by critics throughout much of its run. Since its inception, the show has been described by the media outlets as a television phenomena or a juggernaut, owing to its longevity and dominant ratings. It is considered to have had a significant impact on culture and has received numerous awards. It has received multiple Emmy nominations, including two for Outstanding Drama Series, in 2012, Greys Anatomy was named the fifth-highest revenue earning show, in terms of advertising per half-hour. It is the longest running scripted primetime show airing on ABC. The series follows Meredith Grey, the daughter of a general surgeon named Ellis Grey. The residents are joined by Jackson Avery and April Kepner, former Mercy-West residents who join Seattle Grace following an administrative merger in the sixth season
2.
American Broadcasting Company
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The network is headquartered on Columbus Avenue and West 66th Street in Manhattan, New York City. There are additional offices and production facilities elsewhere in New York City, as well as in Los Angeles and Burbank. Since 2007, when ABC Radio was sold to Citadel Broadcasting, ABC originally launched on October 12,1943, as a radio network, separated from and serving as the successor to the NBC Blue Network, which had been purchased by Edward J. Noble. It extended its operations to television in 1948, following in the footsteps of established broadcast networks CBS, in the mid-1950s, ABC merged with United Paramount Theatres, a chain of movie theaters that formerly operated as a subsidiary of Paramount Pictures. Leonard Goldenson, who had been the head of UPT, made the new television network profitable by helping develop, in 1996, most of Capital Cities/ABCs assets were purchased by The Walt Disney Company. The television network has eight owned-and-operated and over 232 affiliated television stations throughout the United States, most Canadians have access to at least one U. S. ABC News provides news and features content for radio stations owned by Citadel Broadcasting. In the 1930s, radio in the United States was dominated by three companies, the Columbia Broadcasting System, the Mutual Broadcasting System and the National Broadcasting Company. The last was owned by electronics manufacturer Radio Corporation of America, in 1938, the FCC began a series of investigations into the practices of radio networks and published its report on the broadcasting of network radio programs in 1940. The report recommended that RCA give up control of either NBC Red or NBC Blue, at that time, the NBC Red Network was the principal radio network in the United States and, according to the FCC, RCA was using NBC Blue to eliminate any hint of competition. Once Mutuals appeals against the FCC were rejected, RCA decided to sell NBC Blue in 1941, the newly separated NBC Red and NBC Blue divided their respective corporate assets. Investment firm Dillon, Read & Co. offered $7.5 million to purchase the network, Edward John Noble, the owner of Life Savers candy, drugstore chain Rexall and New York City radio station WMCA, purchased the network for $8 million. Due to FCC ownership rules, the transaction, which was to include the purchase of three RCA stations by Noble, would require him to resell his station with the FCCs approval, the Commission authorized the transaction on October 12,1943. Soon afterward, the Blue Network was purchased by the new company Noble founded, Noble subsequently acquired the rights to the American Broadcasting Company name from George B. Meanwhile, in August 1944, the West Coast division of the Blue Network, both stations were then managed by Don Searle, the vice-president of the Blue Networks West Coast division. The ABC Radio Network created its audience slowly, the network also became known for such suspenseful dramas as Sherlock Holmes, Gang Busters and Counterspy, as well as several mid-afternoon youth-oriented programs. S. From Nazi Germany after its conquest, to pre-record its programming, while its radio network was undergoing reconstruction, ABC found it difficult to avoid falling behind on the new medium of television. To ensure a space, in 1947, ABC submitted five applications for television station licenses, the ABC television network made its debut on April 19,1948, with WFIL-TV in Philadelphia becoming its first primary affiliate
3.
September 11 attacks
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The September 11 attacks were a series of four coordinated terrorist attacks by the Islamic terrorist group al-Qaeda on the United States on the morning of Tuesday, September 11,2001. The attacks killed 2,996 people, injured over 6,000 others, two of the planes, American Airlines Flight 11 and United Airlines Flight 175, were crashed into the North and South towers, respectively, of the World Trade Center complex in New York City. A third plane, American Airlines Flight 77, was crashed into the Pentagon in Arlington County, Virginia and it was the deadliest incident for firefighters and law enforcement officers in the history of the United States, with 343 and 72 killed respectively. Suspicion for the attack fell on al-Qaeda. The United States responded to the attacks by launching the War on Terror and invading Afghanistan to depose the Taliban, many countries strengthened their anti-terrorism legislation and expanded the powers of law enforcement and intelligence agencies to prevent terrorist attacks. Although al-Qaedas leader, Osama bin Laden, initially denied any involvement, al-Qaeda and bin Laden cited U. S. support of Israel, the presence of U. S. troops in Saudi Arabia, and sanctions against Iraq as motives. Having evaded capture for almost a decade, bin Laden was located and killed by SEAL Team Six of the U. S. Navy in May 2011. S. many closings, evacuations, and cancellations followed, out of respect or fear of further attacks. Cleanup of the World Trade Center site was completed in May 2002, on November 18,2006, construction of One World Trade Center began at the World Trade Center site. The building was opened on November 3,2014. The origins of al-Qaeda can be traced to 1979 when the Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan, Osama bin Laden traveled to Afghanistan and helped organize Arab mujahideen to resist the Soviets. Under the guidance of Ayman al-Zawahiri, bin Laden became more radical, in 1996, bin Laden issued his first fatwā, calling for American soldiers to leave Saudi Arabia. Bin Laden used Islamic texts to exhort Muslims to attack Americans until the stated grievances are reversed, Muslim legal scholars have throughout Islamic history unanimously agreed that the jihad is an individual duty if the enemy destroys the Muslim countries, according to bin Laden. Bin Laden, who orchestrated the attacks, initially denied but later admitted involvement, in November 2001, U. S. forces recovered a videotape from a destroyed house in Jalalabad, Afghanistan. In the video, bin Laden is seen talking to Khaled al-Harbi, on December 27,2001, a second bin Laden video was released. In the video, he said, It has become clear that the West in general and it is the hatred of crusaders. Terrorism against America deserves to be praised because it was a response to injustice, aimed at forcing America to stop its support for Israel, the transcript refers several times to the United States specifically targeting Muslims. He said that the attacks were carried out because, we are free, and want to regain freedom for our nation. As you undermine our security we undermine yours, Bin Laden said he had personally directed his followers to attack the World Trade Center and the Pentagon
4.
Cristina Yang
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Cristina Yang, M. D. Ph. D. is a fictional character from the medical drama television series Greys Anatomy, which has aired for over 12 years on the American Broadcasting Company in the United States. The character was created by series producer Shonda Rhimes, and is portrayed by actress Sandra Oh, Yang earlier in the series got engaged to Preston Burke, in the past had a relationship with renowned surgeon and mentor Colin Marlow, and wed but later divorced Owen Hunt. Oh originally auditioned for the role of Miranda Bailey, although Chandra Wilson was ultimately cast in the part, Oh has received generally positive reviews for her portrayal, with Mark Perigard of the Boston Herald considering her friendship with Meredith to be the secret core of Greys. Oh has also garnered numerous awards and nominations for her role as Yang, including Golden Globe and she was additionally nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series each year, from 2005 to 2009. Characterizing the character, ABC noted her competitiveness, ambition, and intelligence as her main traits, while her aggressive, in May 2012, E. Online reported that Oh had signed on for two more years, along with her fellow cast members. Oh left the show after season 10, and her character Cristina Yang was written out of the storyline as a main cast member, an atheistic competitive intern of Korean-American ancestry, she first desired to become a doctor after a childhood car accident which killed her biological father. Yang also suffers from dyslexia, and was raised in Beverly Hills, California by her mother and she has BA from Smith College, an MD from Stanford University and a PhD from University of California, Berkeley, making her a double doctor. Cristina and Merediths relationship is an aspect of both the show and the characters. Derek Shepherd once metaphorically compares the pair of women to E. T. and Eliott from E. T. the Extra-Terrestrial, a set of characters linked mentally, physically, Cristina is second-closest to Karev, whom she affectionately calls Evilspawn and likes to tease. What Cristina lacks in soft skills and medical nuance, she makes up for with her extreme technical prowess during surgery and her all consuming devotion to cardiothoracics and learning. She is dismissive of those she feels are beneath her level of skill, during in internship, Cristina has on-again, off-again sexual encounters with chief of cardiothoracic surgery Preston Burke that leads to an accidental pregnancy. Yang schedules an abortion without telling him about the due to Burkes behavior towards their lack of relationship status. However, Yang experiences a pregnancy and Burke discovers the pregnancy after Yang collapses from a burst fallopian tube. Burke and Yang begin a relationship in the aftermath of her miscarriage, after Burke is shot in the arm and develops a hand tremor, Yang helps him cover it up by developing a covert partnership wherein she performs most of his surgeries. Yang initially denies involvement during a confrontation, but then confesses everything to Richard Webber, Yangs actions jeopardize Burkes chances of becoming chief, which he sees as a huge betrayal. After a short breakup, Yang breaks the silence and Burke proposes marriage, Yang forbids Burke from telling anyone of the engagement until she can tell Meredith first. When Meredith suffers an accident before Yang can share her news and, unable to cope with the intense emotions, Yang flees the hospital to binge shop in a bargain store. Cristina saves Merediths life and is able to tell her her news, Yang is pressured into elaborate wedding plans despite her reluctance
5.
Patrick Dempsey
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Patrick Galen Dempsey is an American actor and race car driver, best known for his role as neurosurgeon Dr. Derek McDreamy Shepherd on Greys Anatomy. He saw early success as an actor, starring in a number of films in his early 20s, including Cant Buy Me Love and Loverboy. In the 1990s, he appeared in smaller roles in film, such as Outbreak, and television, before landing a lead role in Sweet Home Alabama. He has since starred in a number of other films, including Enchanted, Made of Honor, Valentines Day, Flypaper, Freedom Writers, Transformers, Dark of the Moon. Dempsey, who maintains a car and vintage car collection. He has competed in events such as the 24 Hours of Le Mans, Rolex 24 at Daytona sports car race. Prior to the 201324 Hours of Le Mans, Dempsey declared that he would walk away from acting if he could, Dempsey was born in Lewiston, Maine, and grew up in the nearby towns of Turner and Buckfield. His mother, Amanda, was a secretary, and his father. He attended Buckfield High School and St. Dominic Regional High School, in his youth, Patrick Dempsey participated in juggling competitions. Dempsey was diagnosed with dyslexia at age twelve and he told Barbara Walters on her 2008 Oscar special that he thinks dyslexia made him what he is today. Its given me a perspective of—you have to keep working, Dempsey told Walters, Dempsey was discovered by an invitation to audition for a role in the stage production of Torch Song Trilogy. His audition was successful, and he spent the four months touring with the company in Philadelphia. He followed this with another tour, Brighton Beach Memoirs, in the lead role and he then co-starred in the third installment of the comedy classic Meatballs III, Summer Job, alongside Sally Kellerman in 1987. This was followed by the teen comedy Cant Buy Me Love in 1987 with actress Amanda Peterson, in 1989, Dempsey had the lead role in the films Loverboy with actress Kirstie Alley and Happy Together with actress Helen Slater. However, he received good reviews as he portrayed mob boss. His first major role was a three-episode stint as Will Trumans closeted sportscaster boyfriend on Will & Grace. He went on to play the role of Aaron Brooks on Once & Again, Dempsey received an Emmy nomination in 2001 as Outstanding Guest Actor in a Drama Series for the role of Aaron. In 1993, he played a young John F. Kennedy in the two-part TV mini-series JFK, in 2000, he played Detective Kincaid in Scream 3
6.
Twitter
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Twitter is an online news and social networking service where users post and interact with messages, tweets, restricted to 140 characters. Registered users can post tweets, but those who are unregistered can only read them, users access Twitter through its website interface, SMS or a mobile device app. Twitter Inc. is based in San Francisco, California, United States, Twitter was created in March 2006 by Jack Dorsey, Noah Glass, Biz Stone, and Evan Williams and launched in July. The service rapidly gained worldwide popularity, in 2012, more than 100 million users posted 340 million tweets a day, and the service handled an average of 1.6 billion search queries per day. In 2013, it was one of the ten most-visited websites and has described as the SMS of the Internet. As of 2016, Twitter had more than 319 million monthly active users. On the day of the 2016 U. S. presidential election, Twitter proved to be the largest source of breaking news, Twitters origins lie in a daylong brainstorming session held by board members of the podcasting company Odeo. Jack Dorsey, then a student at New York University. The original project name for the service was twttr, an idea that Williams later ascribed to Noah Glass, inspired by Flickr. The developers initially considered 10958 as a code, but later changed it to 40404 for ease of use. Work on the project started on March 21,2006, when Dorsey published the first Twitter message at 9,50 PM Pacific Standard Time, Dorsey has explained the origin of the Twitter title. we came across the word twitter, and it was just perfect. The definition was a short burst of inconsequential information, and chirps from birds, and thats exactly what the product was. The first Twitter prototype, developed by Dorsey and contractor Florian Weber, was used as a service for Odeo employees. Williams fired Glass, who was silent about his part in Twitters startup until 2011, Twitter spun off into its own company in April 2007. Williams provided insight into the ambiguity that defined this early period in a 2013 interview, With Twitter and they called it a social network, they called it microblogging, but it was hard to define, because it didnt replace anything. There was this path of discovery with something like that, where over time you figure out what it is, Twitter actually changed from what we thought it was in the beginning, which we described as status updates and a social utility. It is that, in part, but the insight we eventually came to was Twitter was really more of an information network than it is a social network, the tipping point for Twitters popularity was the 2007 South by Southwest Interactive conference. During the event, Twitter usage increased from 20,000 tweets per day to 60,000, the Twitter people cleverly placed two 60-inch plasma screens in the conference hallways, exclusively streaming Twitter messages, remarked Newsweeks Steven Levy
7.
Lexie Grey
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Alexandra Caroline Lexie Grey, M. D. is a fictional character from the medical drama television series Greys Anatomy, which airs on ABC in the United States. The character was created by series producer Shonda Rhimes and was portrayed by actress Chyler Leigh from the third through eighth seasons and she was introduced as a surgical intern in season three. Serving as Meredith Grey s half sister, she transferred to the fictional Seattle Grace Hospital, eventually named a surgical resident, the character was originally contracted to appear for a multi-episode story arc, but received star billing in the fourth season. The characters focal storyline involved a romantic relationship with plastic surgeon Mark Sloan and she sustained life-threatening injuries after an aviation accident, in the eighth-season finale, which ultimately ended in her death. The characters death resulted in mixed critical feedback and the reason given for the departure was Leighs desire to more time with her family. Rhimes has characterized Lexie as being a dork, as well as having issues with saying how she feels. Leigh has been well received by critics, and was among the cast to receive a Screen Actors Guild Award nomination for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series in 2007. Lexie Grey is the daughter of Thatcher Grey and his second wife, Lexie is first mentioned when Molly is admitted to Seattle Grace Hospital, with Susan informing Meredith that Lexie is a student at Harvard Medical School. At some subsequent point, Lexie learns of Merediths existence, Lexie has an eidetic memory, which is often used as a valuable resource and earns Lexie the nickname Lexipedia. In contrast to Meredith, Lexie came from a home with a happy upbringing. Meredith once said of her, She was raised right, with parents and rules and smiley face posters on her wall. While Lexie can be sympathetic, she is not empathetic, and tends to lash out and react childishly at perceived slights, the night before her internship begins, Lexie meets Derek Shepherd at Joes Bar, mirroring his initial meeting with Meredith. The pair flirt, but Derek makes his excuses and leaves, on her arrival at the hospital, Lexie meets George OMalley who quickly realizes her identity. Lexie promises to keep Georges secret that he is repeating his internship after failing his intern exam, Lexie is assigned to be Cristina Yangs intern, and is dubbed three by Cristina, who doesnt take the time to learn her name. Lexie is eager to get to know her half-sister Meredith, but receives a response when she introduces herself. Lexie begins a sexual relationship with Alex Karev, who discovers that Thatcher has descended into alcoholism following Susans death. When Meredith scolds Lexie for not looking after Thatcher, she retaliates and decides to stop pursuing a relationship with Meredith. Lexie bonds with patient Nick Hanscom, and is present when his exposed artery blows and she manages to stop the bleeding, but is distraught when Nick later dies anyway
8.
Owen Hunt
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Owen Hunt, M. D. is a fictional character from the medical drama television series Greys Anatomy, which airs on the American Broadcasting Company in the United States. The character was created by series producer Shonda Rhimes, and is portrayed by actor Kevin McKidd and he was introduced in season five as a U. S. Originally contracted to appear for a story arc, he was upgraded to a series regular at the conclusion of his first appearance. The fictional character served as a love interest for surgical fellow Cristina Yang, McKidds connection with fellow actress Sandra Oh has been acclaimed amongst critics, with Matt Roush of TV Guide calling the instant sparks between McKidd and Oh electrifying. McKidd was nominated for two awards for his work on the show, winning one of them, chris Monfette of IGN has praised the addition of fresh, new characters such as Owen Hunt. Before his regular appearances on the show, Owen Hunt was a United States Army surgeon, the character makes a dramatic first appearance when he performs a tracheotomy on a man with a pen, winning the admiration of resident Cristina Yang. He is offered a job by chief of surgery Richard Webber. His appointment as the new head of surgery at Seattle Grace Hospital was not well-received initially. Hunt eventually embarks on a relationship with Yang, but it comes to a close when his PTSD gets the best of him. Soon after the breakup, he begins therapy with the hospital psychiatrist, some time later, a soldier visits the hospital for treatment, and his presence influences Owen to contemplate returning to the US Army. When he shares this with Cristina, she disagrees with his decision, stating that she doesnt want him to die, Owen brings in Teddy Altman, his best friend and colleague from when he was in the army, as the new head of cardiothoracic surgery. When it is revealed that Hunt and Altman may be lovers, Hunt and Yangs relationship is challenged. During a hospital shooting, Owen is shot and injured, attracting the sympathy of Cristina, due to the emotional reverberations of the shooting crisis, Owen and Cristina decide to wed one another shortly after their reconciliation, not wanting to risk separation. When Cristina discovers she is pregnant, Owen is displeased with her desire to abort the baby, in the fallout of resident Meredith Grey s tampering with Derek Shepherds Alzheimers trial, Owen is promoted to Chief of Surgery after Webber steps down. After substantial thought, Owen reluctantly decides to accompany Cristina to the abortion, feeling abandoned and disconcerted after an altercation with Cristina, Owen has a one-night stand with a patients friend. Cristina consequently finds out, terminates their relationship, and their marriage is tested, after Cristina passed her medical boards, she reconciles with Owen, but reveals to him that she is leaving Seattle to go to Mayo Clinic. Teddy and Owen eventually became friends again and she had been offered a position at the United States Army Medical Command but chose to stay at Seattle Grace Mercy West out of loyalty. After Teddys husband Henry dies she wallows in her grief and it affects her colleagues and residents and he also fires April Kepner because the hospital cannot afford to keep her due to her not being a Board certified
9.
Grey's Anatomy (season 8)
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Miranda Bailey also struggles to forgive Meredith because Richard Webber takes the blame for Meredith and stepping down, and Owen Hunt takes his place as Chief of Surgery. Cristina Yang decides to have an abortion, putting her relationship with Hunt at odds, callie Torres and Arizona Robbins co-parent their baby with Mark Sloan who continues to have an on/off relationship with Lexie Grey. Alex Karev deals with the fallout of his decision to tell Owen about Meredith altering the Alzheimers trial, Teddy Altman marries Henry Burton, who later dies of a heart condition, leaving her devastated. The season hit the low for ratings as it ended with an average of 10.92 million viewers ranking at no.34. James Pickens, Jr. won Outstanding Supporting Actor at the NAACP Image Awards, stacy McKee was nominated for Humanitas Prize for writing White Wedding. Sara Ramirez was nominated at the 13th ALMA Awards for Favorite TV Supporting Actress, in season 8, Meredith and Derek try to save their marriage after the fallout due to Merediths tampering of the Alzheimers trial in Season 7. Their marital unrest, as well as Merediths professional fallout, threatens to destroy their chances of adopting Zola, Owen is named the new Chief of Surgery, which leaves Miranda angry. She blames Meredith for destroying Richards career, as well as Merediths, throughout the season, the fifth year surgical residents prepare for their boards. Everyone passes, except for April, who gave her virginity to Jackson the night before the exam, Cristina chooses to terminate her pregnancy, which Owen does not want because he wants to have children. He accompanies her to the abortion and supports her, but a rift has been made in their relationship. Owen cant accept that Cristina never wants to be a mother, callie, Arizona, and Mark co-parent baby Sofia. Mark and Lexie attempt to move on one another. Miranda breaks things off with Eli, and eventually she and Ben reunite, in the season finale, Flight, they become engaged. Adeles Alzheimers progresses rapidly and Richard chooses to have her placed in a facility, Rose Ridge. Adele falls in love with another patient and the staff tell Richard he should not visit as much because it confuses her. Later in the season, he begins a romance with Catherine Avery, Lexie and Mark struggle to let each other go and attempt to date other people, but cant seem to move on. Tragically, they confess their love to each other moments before Lexies death in episode 24 Flight. Teddy and her husband Henry, now deeply in love, adjust to life not only as newlyweds, but with Henrys health finally stable, Henry begins planning for a future, and tells Teddy he wants to go to medical school
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