1.
Wood Lane
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Wood Lane is a street in London. It runs north from Shepherds Bush, under the Westway past Wormwood Scrubs where it meets Scrubs Lane, the road is wholly in the London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham. It is probably best known as the home of the iconic BBC Television Centre, also BBC White City, the northern stretch of this road runs parallel to the boundary of the London congestion charge zone. In the 1780s, the road was known as Turvens Lane after Turvens House located a distance north of Shepherds Bush Green. By the 1830s it had received its current name, even into the 20th century the land either side of Wood Lane remained undeveloped until the area was chosen for the site of the 1908 Franco-British exhibition and 1908 Summer Olympics. The area to the west of Wood Lane, north of Loftus Road stadium, south of Du Cane Road, White City Stadium built to host the Olympics was located on the site of BBC White City. The Central London Railway opened Wood Lane station in 1908 on the side of its Wood Lane Depot to serve the exhibition. Originally intended to be a service it survived until 1947 when it was replaced by White City station a short distance to the north. The Metropolitan Railway also opened a station on its line between Paddington and Hammersmith, the station, also called Wood Lane although separate from the CLRs station, was adjacent to the railway bridge over Wood Lane. This station survived until it was destroyed by fire in 1959, to serve the new White City shopping centre development, a new station on the Hammersmith & City line, also called Wood Lane opened on 12 October 2008 to the east of Wood Lane
2.
White City, London
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White City is a district in the London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham and forms the northern part of Shepherds Bush. Today, White City is home to the BBC Television Centre and BBC White City, and Loftus Road stadium, the area now called White City was level arable farmfields until 1908, when it was used as the site of the Franco-British Exhibition and the 1908 Summer Olympics. In 1909 the exhibition site hosted the Imperial International Exhibition and in 1910, the final two exhibitions to be held there were the Latin-British Exhibition and the Anglo-American Exhibition, which was brought to a premature end by the outbreak of the First World War. During this period it was known as the Great White City due to the marble cladding used on the exhibition pavilions. The White City Stadium in the north of the area, known as the Great Stadium, in 1931, a 440yd running track was installed for the Amateur Athletic Association Championships, held there from 1932 to 1970. It hosted one match during the 1966 World Cup, the stadium was demolished in 1985 to make way for the BBC White City building. The Marathon from these London Olympics played an important part in the development of the marathon race. In the early years of international sport, the long distance marathon race did not have a standard set distance. The distance run at the first seven Olympics from 1896 to 1920 varied between 40km and 42.75 km, the starting point of the race at the 1908 Olympics was at Windsor Castle creating a distance of 26 miles 385 yards to the finishing line at White City stadium. In 1921 this was adopted as the standard distance, to house the growing population of Shepherds Bush, a five-storey housing estate was built in the late 1930s, which also took the name of the White City. Streets were named after countries that had featured in the exhibitions, in 2001, BBC Television Centre was damaged by a car bomb attack by the Real IRA. The bomb went off on Wood Lane, in front of the Television Centre news building, on 30 October 2008, Westfield shopping centre was opened. Westfield Group has built a new shopping centre, bounded by the West Cross Route and this centre has been branded Westfield London. Shepherds Bush on the West London Line, to the east of the adjacent to the Holland Park roundabout. It is also a walking distance from Shepherds Bush tube station served by the Central line. In 2007, it was announced that the BBC would sell its landmark Television Centre as part of a cost-cutting programme, in 2008 English Heritage announced its recommendation to list parts of TV centre as an excellent example of 20th-century architecture. Following the sale of the Television Centre, White City has become a key area within Central London. A strong partnership between White City Living by St James, Westfield London, Stanhope and Imperial College London, has created a vision for the future of White City area
3.
Wood Lane tube station
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Wood Lane is a London Underground station in the White City area of west London, United Kingdom. It is on the Circle and Hammersmith & City lines, between Latimer Road and Shepherds Bush Market stations, in Travelcard Zone 2, although it is on a line which has been in operation since 1864, the station is new, having opened in 2008. It is near the site of a station of the name that closed in 1959. The Hammersmith and City line was opened on 13 June 1864 by the Metropolitan Railway as the Hammersmith branch line, the railway became part of London Underground in 1933 and the took on a separate identity as the Hammersmith and City line in 1988. In 1908 the Franco-British Exhibition and the 1908 Summer Olympics came to London, among others, the MR opened its Wood Lane station on the Hammersmith branch to serve the event. From 1927 it was used to transport the public to and from the racing at White City Stadium. The station opened and closed intermittently, and was renamed twice, to Wood Lane in 1920 and White City in 1947, in 2005 work commenced on the large-scale Westfield Shopping Centre. As part of the work, improvements were made to public transport including rebuilding Shepherds Bush Central line station and it was decided to build a new station on the Hammersmith & City line, just south-west of the old Metropolitan station on Wood Lane. In 2006 Transport for London decided on the name Wood Lane and this was the first time that a new station on the Tube had been given the name of a former station that had been closed for several years. The station opened on 12 October 2008, in December 2009 Wood Lane was added to the Circle line when the line was extended to Hammersmith. Wood Lane Underground Station was designed by Ian Ritchie Architects and it is clad in shot-peened stainless steel, gold anodised aluminium, construction was carried out by Costain. The station building occupies a site between Wood Lane and the railway viaduct, and presented particular challenges as it lies across the Central line. The lines remained operational during construction, which took place at night. The structure encases the railway viaduct and platforms are accessed via stairs, a bridge pier was removed and a new steel bridge structure slid into place over a new pier. The station is on Wood Lane, which runs north from Shepherds Bush in the White City area and it serves the Westfield shopping centre and BBC Television Centre and Loftus Road stadium, the home of Queens Park Rangers FC, is a short distance away. Due to the use of Oyster cards across the Underground network. Shepherds Bush stations – other stations in the Shepherds Bush area
4.
Geographic coordinate system
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A geographic coordinate system is a coordinate system used in geography that enables every location on Earth to be specified by a set of numbers, letters or symbols. The coordinates are chosen such that one of the numbers represents a vertical position. A common choice of coordinates is latitude, longitude and elevation, to specify a location on a two-dimensional map requires a map projection. The invention of a coordinate system is generally credited to Eratosthenes of Cyrene. Ptolemy credited him with the adoption of longitude and latitude. Ptolemys 2nd-century Geography used the prime meridian but measured latitude from the equator instead. Mathematical cartography resumed in Europe following Maximus Planudes recovery of Ptolemys text a little before 1300, in 1884, the United States hosted the International Meridian Conference, attended by representatives from twenty-five nations. Twenty-two of them agreed to adopt the longitude of the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, the Dominican Republic voted against the motion, while France and Brazil abstained. France adopted Greenwich Mean Time in place of local determinations by the Paris Observatory in 1911, the latitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle between the equatorial plane and the straight line that passes through that point and through the center of the Earth. Lines joining points of the same latitude trace circles on the surface of Earth called parallels, as they are parallel to the equator, the north pole is 90° N, the south pole is 90° S. The 0° parallel of latitude is designated the equator, the plane of all geographic coordinate systems. The equator divides the globe into Northern and Southern Hemispheres, the longitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle east or west of a reference meridian to another meridian that passes through that point. All meridians are halves of great ellipses, which converge at the north and south poles, the prime meridian determines the proper Eastern and Western Hemispheres, although maps often divide these hemispheres further west in order to keep the Old World on a single side. The antipodal meridian of Greenwich is both 180°W and 180°E, the combination of these two components specifies the position of any location on the surface of Earth, without consideration of altitude or depth. The grid formed by lines of latitude and longitude is known as a graticule, the origin/zero point of this system is located in the Gulf of Guinea about 625 km south of Tema, Ghana. To completely specify a location of a feature on, in, or above Earth. Earth is not a sphere, but a shape approximating a biaxial ellipsoid. It is nearly spherical, but has an equatorial bulge making the radius at the equator about 0. 3% larger than the radius measured through the poles, the shorter axis approximately coincides with the axis of rotation
5.
BBC
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The British Broadcasting Corporation is a British public service broadcaster. It is headquartered at Broadcasting House in London, the BBC is the worlds oldest national broadcasting organisation and the largest broadcaster in the world by number of employees. It employs over 20,950 staff in total,16,672 of whom are in public sector broadcasting, the total number of staff is 35,402 when part-time, flexible, and fixed contract staff are included. The BBC is established under a Royal Charter and operates under its Agreement with the Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport. The fee is set by the British Government, agreed by Parliament, and used to fund the BBCs radio, TV, britains first live public broadcast from the Marconi factory in Chelmsford took place in June 1920. It was sponsored by the Daily Mails Lord Northcliffe and featured the famous Australian Soprano Dame Nellie Melba, the Melba broadcast caught the peoples imagination and marked a turning point in the British publics attitude to radio. However, this public enthusiasm was not shared in official circles where such broadcasts were held to interfere with important military and civil communications. By late 1920, pressure from these quarters and uneasiness among the staff of the licensing authority, the General Post Office, was sufficient to lead to a ban on further Chelmsford broadcasts. But by 1922, the GPO had received nearly 100 broadcast licence requests, John Reith, a Scottish Calvinist, was appointed its General Manager in December 1922 a few weeks after the company made its first official broadcast. The company was to be financed by a royalty on the sale of BBC wireless receiving sets from approved manufacturers, to this day, the BBC aims to follow the Reithian directive to inform, educate and entertain. The financial arrangements soon proved inadequate, set sales were disappointing as amateurs made their own receivers and listeners bought rival unlicensed sets. By mid-1923, discussions between the GPO and the BBC had become deadlocked and the Postmaster-General commissioned a review of broadcasting by the Sykes Committee and this was to be followed by a simple 10 shillings licence fee with no royalty once the wireless manufactures protection expired. The BBCs broadcasting monopoly was made explicit for the duration of its current broadcast licence, the BBC was also banned from presenting news bulletins before 19.00, and required to source all news from external wire services. Mid-1925 found the future of broadcasting under further consideration, this time by the Crawford committee, by now the BBC under Reiths leadership had forged a consensus favouring a continuation of the unified broadcasting service, but more money was still required to finance rapid expansion. Wireless manufacturers were anxious to exit the loss making consortium with Reith keen that the BBC be seen as a service rather than a commercial enterprise. The recommendations of the Crawford Committee were published in March the following year and were still under consideration by the GPO when the 1926 general strike broke out in May. The strike temporarily interrupted newspaper production and with restrictions on news bulletins waived the BBC suddenly became the source of news for the duration of the crisis. The crisis placed the BBC in a delicate position, the Government was divided on how to handle the BBC but ended up trusting Reith, whose opposition to the strike mirrored the PMs own
6.
ITV (TV network)
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ITV is a commercial TV network in the United Kingdom. Since the passing of the Broadcasting Act 1990 its legal name has been Channel 3, to distinguish it from the analogue channels at the time, namely BBC1, BBC2. ITV is a network of channels that operate regional television services as well as sharing programmes between each other to be displayed on the entire network. In recent years, several of companies have merged so currently the fifteen franchises are in the hands of two companies. With the exception of Northern Ireland, the ITV brand is the used by ITV plc for the Channel 3 service in these areas. In Northern Ireland, ITV plc uses the brand name UTV, STV Group plc, uses the STV brand for its two franchises of central and northern Scotland. The origins of ITV lie in the passing of the Television Act 1954, the act created the Independent Television Authority to heavily regulate the industry and to award franchises. The first six franchises were awarded in 1954 for London, the Midlands, the first ITV network to launch was Londons Associated-Rediffusion on 22 September 1955, with the Midlands and North services launching in February 1956 and May 1956 respectively. Following these launches, the ITA awarded more franchises until the country was covered by fourteen regional stations. Following the 1993 changes, ITV as a network began to consolidate with several companies doing so to save money by ceasing the duplication of services present when they were all separate companies. The ITV Network is not owned or operated by one company, since 2016 the fifteen licences are held by two companies, with the majority held by ITV Broadcasting Limited, part of ITV plc. The network is regulated by the media regulator Ofcom who is responsible for awarding the broadcast licences, the last major review of the Channel 3 franchises was in 1991, with all operators licences having been renewed between 1999 and 2002 and again from 2014 without a further contest. However, due to amalgamation of several of companies since the creation of ITV Network Limited. Approved by Ofcom, this results in ITV plc commissioning and funding the network schedule, all licensees have the right to opt out of network programming, however many do not due to pressures from the parent company or because of limited resources. The network also needs to produce accessible output containing subtitles, signing, in exchange for this programming, the ITV network is available on all platforms free to air and can be found at the top of the EPG of all providers. Since the launch of the platform in 1998, all of the ITV licensees have received gifted capacity on the terrestrial television platform. At present, the companies are able to broadcast additional channels and all choose to broadcast the ITV plc owned ITV2, ITV3, ITV4 and CITV in their region. UTV and STV previously broadcast their own services – UTV2 in Northern Ireland and S2 in central and northern Scotland – until 2002, the broadcasters all make use of the Digital 3&4 multiplex, shared with Channel 4
7.
Alberta Investment Management Corporation
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Alberta Investment Management Corporation is one of Canadas largest and most diversified institutional investment fund managers, with an investment portfolio of approximately $90 billion. Headquartered in Edmonton, Alberta, AIMCo manages the assets of 31 clients, legislation creating AIMCo was passed by the Alberta legislature on March 20,2007, and AIMCo became a crown corporation on January 1,2008. Prior to becoming a Crown corporation in 2008, the assets were managed by a division of Alberta Finance. At March 31,2009 assets under its administration totaled approximately $69.0 billion at market value, in its 2009 Annual Report AIMCo published its total fund return was -10. 1% for the year ending March 31,2009. In 2015 AIMCo earned a 9. 1% total fund net return on behalf of its clients, by 2015 AIMCo was managing 4 endowment funds,7 pension plans,9 government funds,8 specialty funds, and 2 other balanced funds. AIMCo is one of several pooled investment portfolios in Canada that allow for client-controlled asset allocation for multiple public-sector pension plans, through pooled asset management, these entities achieve sufficient scale to produce significant cost savings through internal investment management and access to alternative asset classes. Through funds like these Canada is emerging as a leader in successfully adapting the advantages of large funds to the public sector. These are arm’s-length investment management entities with sufficient scale, independent boards and internal investment management, AIMCo’s focuses its investments across three broad categories, Equities, Illiquid Investments, and Fixed Income all employing varying strategies. Equity holdings, which both public and private equity, total to 43% of AUM. The public equity portfolio maintains exposure to a set of common style factors, as well as stock selection. By investing with both private funds and co-venture deals, AIMCo private equity focuses on business that generate stable free cash flow and are operated by strong management teams, Illiquid Investments, which constitute 22% of AUM, include long-term holdings in Real Estate, Infrastructure and Timberland. The long term Real Estate assets are the core strategy direct investments in office, retail, industrial, AIMCo’s Infrastructure investments match long duration real return asset characteristics with inflation indexed-pension liabilities. The Timberland assets are held to provide inflation hedging and a long-term duration match with client obligations, the Fixed Income portfolios are managed with the objective of capital preservation, liquidity, and risk-controlled return relative to benchmark. These asset classes make up 35% of AIMCo’s AUM, AIMCo seeks to maximize risk-adjusted returns by integrating environmental, social and governance ) factors into investment analysis across all asset classes. Votes are guided through AIMCo’s Proxy Voting Guidelines, and take into account unique circumstances, engagements are identified through ESG focus areas approved by AIMCo’s Responsible Investment Committee. Being a signatory to the United Nations Principles for Responsible Investment, the Responsible Investment Association, disclosing its Responsible Investment policies, guiding documents, activities and proxy voting record on its website. Acquired in 2011, this Chilean toll road was sold for ~$1.5 CAD billion in 2015 to Abertis Infraestructuras SA and this investment was the first AIMCo-only led private investment in the organization’s history. The active management and eventual monetization of this asset captured significant value add as it saw a return on investment
8.
Higgs and Hill
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Higgs and Hill was a major British construction company responsible for building some of Londons finest buildings. The Company was established in 1874 by the merger of the firm of Thomas Hill with the firm of William Higgs and it was originally called Hill, Higgs and Hill but changed it name to Higgs and Hill when Rowland Hill retired in 1879. The Company was first based at Crown Works in Vauxhall but moved to New Malden in 1967, sir Brian Hill, a member of the seventh generation of his family to work in the business, retired in 1992. In 1994 it announced a rights issue to finance the acquisition of land for housing, in 1996 the Company announced poor results arising from re-organisation charges and contract losses. The Company was acquired by Hollandsche Beton Groep later that year, HBG was itself acquired by Koninklijke BAM Groep in 2002
9.
George Wimpey
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George Wimpey was formed in 1880 and, based in Hammersmith, operated largely as a road surfacing contractor. The business was acquired by Godfrey Mitchell in 1919, and he developed it into a construction, in July 2007, Wimpey merged with Taylor Woodrow to create Taylor Wimpey. Wimpey was first listed on the London Stock Exchange in 1934, the business was founded by George Wimpey and Walter Tomes as a stone working partnership in 1880 in Hammersmith. The company built Hammersmith Town Hall in 1896, and went on to lay the foundations for the first electric tramway in London in the late 1890s, George Wimpey died in 1913 at the age of 58. His family put the business up for sale in 1919, Godfrey Way Mitchell bought the firm and decided to retain the Wimpey name. Sir Godfrey Mitchell remained George Wimpeys executive chairman until 1973, Mitchell built up a fleet of steam rollers and took contracts for public and private paving jobs. By 1930, Wimpey was building five hundred houses a year. However, private housebuilding ceased on the outbreak of war in 1939 and it built 93 aerodromes, factories and army camps, and finished the war as one of the countrys largest contractors. It was also expanding its building and civil engineering divisions, particularly overseas where it became one of the larger international contractors, the end of building controls in 1954 allowed Wimpey to re enter the private housing market. Although Wimpey experienced rising profits in the 1970s, thanks to its middle east contracting, Godfrey Mitchell may have retired as Chairman in 1973 but he remained a director and a dominant figure until his eventual retirement from the Board in 1981, following his 90th birthday. Operational control was diffused between four joint managing directors, and the rather than the centre were the dominant force. Unlike some of the newer housebuilders, Wimpeys housing was mixed in operationally with its construction business, volumes declined and, by the end of the 1980s, private housing sales were down to around 5,000 houses a year. Wimpey was once again selling 12,000 private houses a year, two more major housing acquisitions followed, both divisions of contractors seeking to focus on their core contracting business. In March 2007, the announced plans for a £6 billion nil premium merger with Taylor Woodrow. The merger was effected by means of a scheme of arrangement, Taylor Woodrow provided the new chairman and finance director, while the chief executive and the managing director came from Wimpey. When Mitchell took George Wimpey public in 1934, he set up a unique ownership scheme wherein the charitable Tudor Trust held about half of the firms shares, the Tudor Trust later diluted its stake to 5% from 34%, which was in itself steadily reduced over the years. Just before the Taylor Wimpey merger on 2 July 2007, the Tudor Trust no longer held a reportable interest in its own name in George Wimpey, advertising, featuring the famous Wimpey cat, ensured Wimpey Homes became a household name in house building. By 2002, there were four brands, Wimpey Homes, McLean Homes, McAlpine Homes, Laing Homes was retained due to its more upmarket status and its greater brand recognition
10.
BBC Television
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BBC Television is a service of the British Broadcasting Corporation. The corporation has operated in the United Kingdom under the terms of a royal charter since 1927 and it produced television programmes from its own studios since 1932, although the start of its regular service of television broadcasts is dated to 2 November 1936. The BBCs domestic television channels have no advertising and collectively they account for more than 30% of all UK viewing. The services are funded by a television licence, the BBC operates several television networks, television stations, and related programming services in the United Kingdom. As well as being a broadcaster, the corporation also produces a number of its own programmes in-house. The simultaneous transmission of sound and pictures was achieved on 30 March 1930, by late 1930, thirty minutes of morning programmes were broadcast from Monday to Friday, and thirty minutes at midnight on Tuesdays and Fridays after BBC radio went off the air. Bairds broadcasts via the BBC continued until June 1932, the BBC began its own regular television programming from the basement of Broadcasting House, London, on 22 August 1932. Ally Pally housed two studios, various stores, make-up areas, dressing rooms, offices, and the transmitter itself. BBC television initially used two systems on alternate weeks, the 240-line Baird intermediate film system and the 405-line Marconi-EMI system. The use of both made the BBCs service the worlds first regular high-definition television service, it broadcast from Monday to Saturday between 15,00 and 16,00, and 21,00 and 22,00. The two systems were to run on a basis for six months, early television sets supported both resolutions. Television production was switched from Bairds company to what is now known as BBC One on 2 August 1932, regularly scheduled electronically scanned television began from Alexandra Palace in London on 2 November 1936, to just a few hundred viewers in the immediate area. The first programme broadcast – and thus the first ever, on a dedicated TV channel – was Opening of the BBC Television Service at 15,00, the first major outside broadcast was the coronation of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth in May 1937. The service was reaching an estimated 25, 000–40,000 homes before the outbreak of World War II which caused the service to be suspended in September 1939. Also, many of the services technical staff and engineers would be needed for the war effort. According to figures from Britains Radio Manufacturers Association,18,999 television sets had been manufactured from 1936 to September 1939, BBC Television returned on 7 June 1946 at 15,00. Jasmine Bligh, one of the announcers, made the first announcement, saying. Do you remember me, Jasmine Bligh, the Mickey Mouse cartoon of 1939 was repeated twenty minutes later
11.
Listed building
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A listed building or listed structure, in the United Kingdom, is one that has been placed on the Statutory List of Buildings of Special Architectural or Historic Interest. The statutory bodies maintaining the list are Historic England in England, Cadw in Wales, Historic Scotland in Scotland, however, the preferred term in Ireland is protected structure. In England and Wales, an amenity society must be notified of any work to a listed building which involves any element of demolition. Owners of listed buildings are, in circumstances, compelled to repair and maintain them. When alterations are permitted, or when listed buildings are repaired or maintained, slightly different systems operate in each area of the United Kingdom, though the basic principles of the listing remain the same. It was the damage to caused by German bombing during World War II that prompted the first listing of buildings that were deemed to be of particular architectural merit. The listings were used as a means of determining whether a building should be rebuilt if it was damaged by bombing. Listing was first introduced into Northern Ireland under the Planning Order 1972, the listing process has since developed slightly differently in each part of the UK. In the UK, the process of protecting the historic environment is called ‘designation’. A heritage asset is a part of the environment that is valued because of its historic. Only some of these are judged to be important enough to have legal protection through designation. However, buildings that are not formally listed but still judged as being of heritage interest are still regarded as being a consideration in the planning process. Almost anything can be listed – it does not have to be a building, Buildings and structures of special historic interest come in a wide variety of forms and types, ranging from telephone boxes and road signs, to castles. Historic England has created twenty broad categories of structures, and published selection guides for each one to aid with assessing buildings and these include historical overviews and describe the special considerations for listing each category. Both Historic Scotland and Cadw produce guidance for owners, in England, to have a building considered for listing or delisting, the process is to apply to the secretary of state, this can be done by submitting an application form online to Historic England. The applicant does not need to be the owner of the building to apply for it to be listed, full information including application form guidance notes are on the Historic England website. Historic England assesses buildings put forward for listing or delisting and provides advice to the Secretary of State on the architectural, the Secretary of State, who may seek additional advice from others, then decides whether or not to list or delist the building. In England and Wales the authority for listing is granted to the Secretary of State by the Planning Act 1990, Listed buildings in danger of decay are listed on the Historic England Heritage at Risk Register
12.
Ericsson Broadcast and Media Services
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EBMS has 2,500 employees worldwide across 8 media hubs and distributes over 2.7 million hours of programming each year worldwide. It is an owned subsidiary of Ericsson. Clients include television broadcasters such as the BBC, ITV, BSkyB, TV4, TV5Monde, Canal+ and Channel 4 as well as such as Barclays, Bacardi. It handles the majority of video on demand services in the UK, including the BBC, Red Bee Media was formerly BBC Broadcast Limited. BBC Broadcast was created by the BBC in 2002, by placing a range of BBC channel creation, the other entities within the commercial division were BBC Worldwide, BBC Resources, BBC Ventures and BBC Technology. The sale of BBC Technology to Siemens Business Services in 2004 leaves only BBC Worldwide, the company was renamed Red Bee Media on 27 October 2005. Shortly before the sale, BBC Broadcast bought Broadcasting Dataservices from BBC Worldwide thus strengthening the EPG, in 2006 the company purchased the commercial operations of the Australian Caption Centre in 2006 for A$7.5 million, rebranding them as Red Bee Media Australia in March 2007. The remaining part of the ACC became the not-for-profit Media Access Australia, in October 2008, Red Bee Media acquired Mundovisión, the largest independent subtitling and audio description company in Spain. In August 2011 Red Bee Media purchased TV Genius, on 30 September, the transaction was referred to the Competition Commission, amid fears the deal would reduce competition in the playout sector. The deal was cleared by the commission on 27 February 2014, the company rebranded under its parents brand on 1 June 2015. EBMS operates interactive television for the BBC, UKTV and others and provides services for BBC Online. It markets complex design systems for such as its sports analysis tool called Piero. Red Bee Media also opened a division in Paris, France in January 2007. Official website Red Bee Media Broadcasting Dataservices
13.
BBC Studioworks
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BBC Studioworks Limited, formerly BBC Studios and Post Production Ltd is a commercial subsidiary of the BBC, providing television studios, post production and related services to the market. It works with broadcasters and production companies, making award-winning content for the likes of the BBC, ITV, Channel 4, Channel 5, Sky, Endemol Shine, titles range from Deal or No Deal and A League of Their Own, to EastEnders and Strictly Come Dancing. On the BBC Elstree Site, it operates the Studio D facility - a large TV Studios and home to Children in Need and it is also home to the companys post production village and the site where it provides studio and post production services to EastEnders. Across the road at Elstree Studios, it hires a mix of stages which have been converted into TV studios and this conversion was financed on a co-investment basis between Elstree Studios and Studioworks. BBC Studioworks will be expanding its footprint in 2017 when it reopens Television Centre in 2017 where it will operate Studios 1,2 and 3. as well as post production facilities. The company was rebranded from BBC Studios and Post Production Ltd to BBC Studioworks Ltd in May 2016, the company was originally established as the much broader BBC Resources Ltd operation in 1998, making an operating profit of £1.3 million in its first full year. It was divided into four units, BBC Studios, BBC Post Production, BBC Outside Broadcasts. A team led by Andrew Thornton were appointed by the BBC to manage the sale, the team were accountable to a BBC steering group including Zarin Patel and Peter Salmon. On 6 November 2007 The Guardian reported that the privatisation could be left with a shortfall of up to £15m to cover the transfer of the pensions of BBC Resources staff to a new employer. The BBC has never released the names of the companies, with The Guardian reporting - in early 2008 - more leaks over concerns about pension obligations. The BBC Costume and Wigs division closed in February 2008, as it was no commercially viable. Following a lengthy process, which was announced in December 2005 but delayed until August 2007. In August 2008 Mark Thomas became CEO of BBC Resources and this affected up to 38 Editors,26 Assistants as well as operational staff, administration and support staff. The BBC staff newspaper Ariel had reported on 18 March that Posts 400 staff had told that the BBC may need to look at other solutions if the business is not sold at this stage. Figures show that £3. 4m had been spent on consultants, the sale of BBC Outside Broadcasts generated a profit of £7.7 million. In April 2009 the company announced it was merging the Studios and Post Production Ltd businesses, changing the name to BBC Studios and Post Production. The company made a trading loss in 2008-09. However, it made an operating profit in 2009-10
14.
BBC Worldwide
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BBC Worldwide Ltd. is the wholly owned commercial subsidiary of the BBC, formed out of a restructuring of its predecessor BBC Enterprises in 1995. The company monetises BBC brands, selling BBC and other British programming for broadcast abroad with the aim of supplementing the income received by the BBC through the licence fee. In 2013/14, BBC Worldwide generated headline profits of £157. 4m and headline sales of £1,042. 3m, in 2012/13 it made a profit of £156. 3m on a turnover of £1,115. 8m. The company had made a profit of £104m on a turnover of £1, 085m in the previous financial year. BBC Worldwides profit rate was 11. 2% in 2011/2012, up slightly from 9. 6% the previous year, down from a peak of 21. 5% in 2002/2003, contrasting with 7. 8% in 2003/2004. The highest profile of these products was the listings magazine Radio Times. Prior to 1979, several BBC departments dealt with the exploitation and sale of BBC brands and this was rectified however as the economic situation eased and by 1982 BBC Publications had a trading profit of £4.7 million. BBC Transcription Services licensed BBC Radio material to overseas broadcasters, the selling of television programmes was at first handled in 1958 with the establishment of a business manager post. This gradually expanded until the establishment of the Television Promotions department in 1960 under a general manager, in its first year, the department saw the sale of 550 programmes overseas with a turnover of £234,000, with a further 1,200 programmes sold the following year. Radio programmes were only exploited on the level with the creation of the Radio Enterprises department in 1965. However, following the retirement of the Radio Enterprises general manager in 1969, in 1979 the department became BBC Enterprises Ltd. a subsidiary company wholly owned by the BBC. By 1982, the division were expanding with divisions responsible for video, recorded audio, film. At this point the company had a turnover of £23 million, on 1 April 1986, all commercial activities of the corporation, including BBC Publications, was merged into BBC Enterprises Ltd. In 1991 BBC World Service Television became the first commercially funded BBC broadcasting operation after the Foreign Office refused to pay for it, BBC Enterprises Ltd was subsequently reorganised in 1995 as BBC Worldwide Ltd. A review of the BBCs commercial activities took place in 2004 and concluded that the sell off of BBC Worldwides assets would not be as advantageous as keeping the business and driving it harder. Instead, some changes to its remit, focus, structure and governance were made, in 2007 BBC Worldwide purchased a 75% stake in the travel guide publisher Lonely Planet, acquiring the final 25% of the company in 2011. The acquisition was part of the BBCs strategy to grow its online portfolio and to increase its operations in Australia, in January 2009 it was announced that Ofcom had put forward the recommendation that Channel 4 merge with either the commercial network Five or BBC Worldwide. In the same year, the company was awarded the Queens Award for Enterprise in recognition of the companies growth, in 2012, the company began to reorganise their divisions from a product based system to a location-based system, resulting in Jana Bennett leaving the company
15.
Broadcasting House
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Broadcasting House is the headquarters of the BBC, in Portland Place and Langham Place, London. The first radio broadcast was made on 15 March 1932, the main building is in Art Deco style, with a facing of Portland stone over a steel frame. As part of a consolidation of the BBCs property portfolio in London. This involved the demolition of post-war extensions on the side of the building. The wing was named the John Peel Wing in 2012, after the disc jockey, BBC London, BBC Arabic Television and BBC Persian Television are housed in the new wing, which also contains the reception area for BBC Radio 1 and BBC Radio 1Xtra. The main building was refurbished, and a built to the rear. The radio stations BBC Radio 3, BBC Radio 4, BBC Radio 4 Extra and the BBC World Service transferred to refurbished studios within the building. The extension links the old building with the John Peel Wing, the move of news operations from BBC Television Centre completed in March 2013. Construction of Broadcasting House began in 1928, programmes transferred gradually to the building. On 15 March 1932 the first musical programme was given by the bandleader Henry Hall, Hall also wrote and performed, with his Dance Band, Radio Times, the name of the BBCs schedule publication. The first news bulletin was read by Stuart Hibberd on 18 March, the last transmission from Savoy Hill was on 14 May, and Broadcasting House officially opened on 15 May 1932. George Val Myer designed the building in collaboration with the BBCs civil engineer, the interiors were the work of Raymond McGrath, an Australian-Irish architect. The building is built in two parts, dispensing with the oft-found central light-well of contemporary buildings this size, the central core containing the recording studios was a windowless structure built of brick. The surrounding outer portion, designed for offices and ancillary spaces, is framed and faced using Portland stone. While the outer portion had plenty of windows, the core required special sound-dampened ventilation systems. There were two areas where right of ancient lights would cause height restrictions, Underground structures, including a hundred-year-old sewer, also presented problems during construction. The building is above the Bakerloo line of the London Underground, the Victoria line was tunnelled beneath in the 1960s, noise from passing trains is audible within the radio theatre, but generally imperceptible in recordings. The ground floor was fitted with floor-to-ceiling windows overlooking the street, the rapid expansion of the BBC meant this never occurred
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BBC Radio
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BBC Radio is an operational business division and service of the British Broadcasting Corporation. The service provides national radio stations covering the majority of genres, as well as local radio stations covering local news, affairs. It also oversees online audio content, of the national radio stations, BBC Radio 1,2,3,4 and 5 Live are all available through analogue radio as well as on DAB Digital Radio and internet services through RealMedia, WMA and BBC iPlayer. The remaining stations, BBC Radio 1Xtra,4 Extra,5 Live Sports Extra and 6 Music, all of the BBCs national radio stations broadcast from bases in London, usually in or near to Broadcasting House in Marylebone. However, the BBCs network production units located in Belfast, Birmingham, Bristol, Cardiff, Glasgow, the BBCs radio services began in 1922. Today radio broadcasting still makes up a part of the corporations output - the title of the BBCs listings magazine, Radio Times. On 1 January 1927 the British Broadcasting Company was succeeded in control of the airwaves by the British Broadcasting Corporation. John Reith, who had been the managing director of the commercial company. He expounded firm principles of centralised, all-encompassing radio broadcasting, stressing programming standards and these he set out in his autobiography, Broadcast Over Britain, influencing modern ideas of public service broadcasting in the United Kingdom. To this day, the BBC aims to follow the Reithian directive to inform, educate, although no other broadcasting organisation was licensed in the UK until 1973, commercial competition soon opened up from overseas. The English language service of Radio Luxembourg began in 1933 as one of the earliest commercial radio broadcasting to Britain. The IBC began leasing time on transmitters in continental Europe and then reselling it as sponsored English-language programming aimed at audiences in Britain and it was an important forerunner of pirate radio and modern commercial radio in the United Kingdom. The onset of World War II silenced all but one of the original IBC stations, at the start of the Second World War it was renamed The Overseas Service but is now known as the BBC World Service. Beginning in 1964 the first in what became a fleet of 10 offshore pirate radio stations began to ring the British coastline, by 1967 millions were tuning into these commercial operations and the BBC was rapidly losing its radio listening audience. The British government reacted by passing the Marine Offences Act, which all, One of the stations called Radio London was so successful that the BBC was told to copy it as best they could. This led to an overhaul by Frank Gillard the BBCs Director of Radio of the BBC output creating the four analogue channels that still form the basis of its broadcasting today. The creator of BBC Radio One told the press that his family had been fans of Radio London, the BBC hired many out-of-work broadcasting staff who had come from the former offshore stations. Tony Blackburn who presented the very first BBC Radio One morning show had previously presented the morning show on Radio Caroline
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BBC News
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BBC News is an operational business division of the British Broadcasting Corporation responsible for the gathering and broadcasting of news and current affairs. The department is the worlds largest broadcast news organisation and generates about 120 hours of radio and television output each day, the service maintains 50 foreign news bureaux with more than 250 correspondents around the world. James Harding has been Director of News and Current Affairs since April 2013, the departments annual budget is in excess of £350 million, it has 3,500 staff,2,000 of whom are journalists. BBC News domestic, global and online news divisions are housed within the largest live newsroom in Europe, parliamentary coverage is produced and broadcast from studios in Millbank in London. Through the BBC English Regions, the BBC also has regional centres across England, as well as national news centres in Northern Ireland, Scotland, all nations and English regions produce their own local news programmes and other current affairs and sport programmes. As with all media outlets, though, it has been accused of political bias from across the political spectrum. The British Broadcasting Company broadcast its first radio bulletin from radio station 2LO on 14 November 1922, on Easter weekend in 1930, this reliance on newspaper wire services left the radio news service with no information to report. The BBC gradually gained the right to edit the copy and, in 1934, however, it could not broadcast news before 6 PM until World War II. Gaumont British and Movietone cinema newsreels had been broadcast on the TV service since 1936, a weekly Childrens Newsreel was inaugurated on 23 April 1950, to around 350,000 receivers. The network began simulcasting its radio news on television in 1946, televised bulletins began on 5 July 1954, broadcast from leased studios within Alexandra Palace in London. The publics interest in television and live events was stimulated by Elizabeth IIs coronation in 1953 and it is estimated that up to 27 million people viewed the programme in the UK, overtaking radios audience of 12 million for the first time. Those live pictures were fed from 21 cameras in central London to Alexandra Palace for transmission and that year, there were around two million TV Licences held in the UK, rising to over three million the following year, and four and a half million by 1955. This was then followed by the customary Television Newsreel with a commentary by John Snagge. It was revealed that this had been due to producers fearing a newsreader with visible facial movements would distract the viewer from the story. On-screen newsreaders were finally introduced a year later in 1955 – Kenneth Kendall, Robert Dougall, mainstream television production had started to move out of Alexandra Palace in 1950 to larger premises – mainly at Lime Grove Studios in Shepherds Bush, west London – taking Current Affairs with it. It was from here that the first Panorama, a new programme, was transmitted on 11 November 1953. On 28 October 1957, the Today programme, a radio programme, was launched in central London on the Home Service. In 1958, Hugh Carleton Greene became head of News and Current Affairs and he set up a BBC study group whose findings, published in 1959, were critical of what the television news operation had become under his predecessor, Tahu Hole
18.
Granada Studios
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Granada Studios were television studios on Quay Street in Manchester with the facility to broadcast live and film drama programmes. They were the headquarters of Granada Television and later ITV Granada between 1956 and 2013, at the time of their closure, the studios were the oldest operating purpose-built television studios in the United Kingdom. Firsts at the studios include The Beatles first television performance in 1962, until 2010 the main building, Granada House, had a red neon Granada TV sign on the roof, which was a landmark for rail passengers travelling from the west into Manchester city centre. A decorative broadcasting tower was erected at the behest of Sidney Bernstein to give the studios an embellished, at its top, this tower had an enclosed, steerable, microwave dish which, pre-satellite, provided line of sight outside broadcast links to the companys Eagle Tower vehicles. There were three studios, each covering over 4,500 square feet. The studios were owned by ITV Studios and BBC Resources through a joint venture company, after a dip in production during the early 2000s, the studios underwent a revival from 2009 until their closure. Countdown moved to Manchester from the Leeds Studios in 2009, programmes such as John Bishops Britain, The Chase, Divided, Take Me Out and High Stakes were recorded here and the studios hosted the first ever General Election debate in April 2010. The studios closed in June 2013, and ITV Granada and ITV Studios moved to MediaCityUK in Salford Quays, Granada House is not a listed building but will nonetheless be retained as part of new proposals by Allied London. This will generally consist of exhibition space and a new bespoke hotel, in 2013 the site was sold for £26 million. The difficulty was that equipment for film was incompatible and new areas were required for playout, Granada bypassed these problems by creating new studios. Sidney Bernstein chose its base for operations from Leeds, Liverpool. Granada executive, Victor Peers, believed Manchester was the choice even before Granada executives, Peers, Denis Forman, Reg Hammans and Sidney Bernstein. One site was identified by Hammans in Leeds and three were found in Manchester which convinced Bernstein to explore further, two sites were deemed expensive, and another in Salford Quays was rejected by Bernstein as inadequate. A site on Quay Street in Manchester city centre owned by Manchester City Council was bought for £82,000, the land supposedly hosted a cemetery containing paupers graves, where 22,000 people were buried. Part of the Manchester and Salford Junction Canal, which linked the River Irwell to the Rochdale Canal from 1839 to 1922, the studios were designed by Ralph Tubbs, but Sidney Bernstein was instrumental in influencing designs and giving regular plan briefings. Forman wrote that Tubbs looked sometimes enthusiastic, sometimes disconsolate during Bernsteins lecture briefings, the logo which adorned the building was in a period font and remained in position from 1961 until 2010. Bernstein, keen to save money, had the studios built in a modular and this led to a jumbled appearance as the company expanded and renovated the site which encompassed a bonded warehouse built in the Victorian era. The original studios were in a building on Quay Street
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ITV Granada
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ITV Granada is the Channel 3 regional service for North West England. The licence for the region has been held by ITV Broadcasting Limited since November 2008 and it is the largest independent television-franchise producing company in the UK, accounting for 25% of the total broadcasting output of the ITV network. It had been held by Granada Television, which was founded by Sidney Bernstein and this was the only surviving company of the original four Independent Television Authority franchisees from 1954, Granada Media Group merged with Carlton Communications to form ITV plc in 2004. It covers Cheshire, Greater Manchester, Lancashire, Merseyside, northwestern Derbyshire, part of Cumbria, on 15 July 2009, the Isle of Man was transferred to ITV Granada from ITV Border. Broadcasting by Granada Television began on 3 May 1956 under the North of England weekday franchise and it was marked by a distinctive northern identity, and used stylised letter G logo forming an arrow pointing north, often with the tagline Granada, from the north. Granada plc merged with Carlton Communications to form ITV plc in 2004 after a duopoly had developed over the previous decade, Granada Television Ltd still legally exists. Along with most other companies owned by ITV plc, it is listed on www. companieshouse. gov. uk as a Dormant company. Other companies listed are Granada Television International and Granada Television Overseas Ltd, the North West region is regarded as ITVs most successful franchise. The Financial Times and The Independent once described Granada Television, the franchise holder. Nine Granada programmes were listed in the BFI TV100 in 2000, some of its most notable programmes include Coronation Street, Seven Up. The Royle Family, The Jewel in the Crown, Brideshead Revisited, World in Action, University Challenge, notable employees have included Paul Greengrass, Michael Apted, Mike Newell, Jeremy Isaacs, Andy Harries, Russell T Davies and Leslie Woodhead. Granada Television, a subsidiary of Granada Ltd, originated in Granada Theatres Ltd and it was founded in Dover in 1930 by Sidney Bernstein and his brother Cecil. The company was incorporated as Granada Ltd in 1934 and listed on the London Stock Exchange in 1935 and it is named after the Spanish city of Granada. Channel 59 from Winter Hill and started broadcasting in colour in the Autumn of 1969, the Bernsteins became involved in commercial television, a competitor to the cinema chains. Bernstein bid for the North of England franchise, which he believed would not affect the companys largely southern-based cinema chain, in 1954, the Independent Television Authority awarded Granada the North of England contract for Monday to Friday, with ABC serving the same area on weekends. The North and London were the two biggest regions, Granada preferred the North because of its tradition of home-grown culture, and because it offered a chance to start a new creative industry away from the metropolitan atmosphere of London. Compare this with London and its suburbs—full of displaced persons, and, of course, if you look at a map of the concentration of population in the North and a rainfall map, you will see that the North is an ideal place for television. Bernstein selected a base from Leeds and Manchester, Granada executive Victor Peers believed Manchester was the preferred choice even before executives toured the region to find a suitable site
20.
Soho House (club)
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Soho House is a group of private members clubs aimed primarily at those in the arts and media. The original location is at 40 Greek Street, Soho, London, the group now includes bars, clubs, hotels and venues around the world including Babington House and Electric Cinema, Notting Hill. Membership is selective and members are mainly from the media, arts. Soho Houses founder and managing director is Nick Jones, Nick Jones sold 80% of the club to British high-street tycoon Richard Caring in 2008. On 13 January 2012 the Financial Times announced that Soho House Group had been acquired by the US billionaire Ron Burkle, the acquisition value was not released but Burkle now owns 60% of the group. Soho House New York was featured in season 6 of the TV Series Sex, in this episode, Samantha Jones pretends to be a member by using a stolen membership card. In 2009, more than 80 residents signed an appeal by an association against allowing Soho House to move into the top two floors of Luckman Plaza in West Hollywood, near Los Angeles. The opening of the West Hollywood location also drew opposition from Beverly Hills Mayor Nancy Krasne
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London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham
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The London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham is a London borough in West London, and forms part of Inner London. Traversed by the east-west main roads of the A4 Great West Road, the local council is Hammersmith and Fulham London Borough Council. The borough is unique in London in having three professional clubs, Chelsea, Fulham and Queens Park Rangers. The borough was formed in 1965 by merging the Metropolitan Borough of Hammersmith and it was known as the London Borough of Hammersmith until its name was changed on 1 January 1979 by the borough council. The two had joined together previously in the parish of Fulham until 1834 as the hamlet of Hammersmith had no church until much later. They were joined together again under the Fulham District from 1855 to 1886, there followed numerous international fairs and exhibitions for a century until the construction of Earls Court II in the borough in the 1980s. This was dismantled by developers in 2015, after the 2012 Olympics, 60% of the boroughs population is White British, 20% white non-British, 5% black Caribbean, 8% black African with various other ethnicities making up the remaining 11 percent. The borough has the second-highest proportion of adults of any borough in England and Wales. Around 50% of households are owner–occupiers, and 22% of households were listed as other – that is and these are generally two or more unrelated adults living together, such as students or cohabiting couples. The unemployment rate is well below average at under 5%, although of these, the borough also has the 4th highest house prices in the country. See external links below for more information from the borough. Virgin Group operates its headquarters at The School House,50 Brook Green, sony Mobile Communications has its headquarters in the borough. Iberia operates the Iberia House in the borough, all Nippon Airways operates the London Office on the fourth floor of Hythe House. South African Airways has its United Kingdom office in the South African Airways House, CE Europe, a subsidiary of Capcom, has its head office in the George House in Hammersmith in the borough. As of May 2011 it will be relocating to the Metro Building in Hammersmith, iran Airs London offices are also located in the borough. The airline moved there by Wednesday 4 January 2012, coca-Cola, Disney and LOréal also all have UK headquarters in Hammersmith, as well as a number of other major businesses. For a 15-year period Air France had its UK and Ireland office in Hammersmith, in 2006 the UK and Ireland office was moved to Hatton Cross, London Borough of Hounslow. Also, TAP Portugal runs an office in the Borough
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White City tube station
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White City is a London Underground station on Wood Lane in White City, west London, England, on the Central line between Shepherds Bush and East Acton stations in Travelcard Zone 2. The station was opened on 23 November 1947, replacing the earlier Wood Lane station and its construction started after 1938 and had been scheduled for completion by 1940, but the Second World War delayed its opening for another seven years. The architectural design of the station won an award at the Festival of Britain, an interesting feature of the station is that the line adopts right-hand running through the station rather than the conventional left-hand running. The two tracks return to their normal left-hand orientation by a surface fly-over roughly halfway between White City and East Acton stations, the stations running layout has three tracks, with the centre track having platforms on each side meaning that it can handle trains running in either direction. A siding between the lines to the north of the station allows trains from Central London to be reversed. Trains going out of service can return to the below ground White City depot to the south of the station via sidings between the running lines, the nearby Wood Lane station on the Circle and Hammersmith & City lines provides an interchange between the lines. This station is directly opposite the now closed BBC Television Centre and is within walking distance of Loftus Road. It is also walking distance of Westfield London. The station received a certificate of merit in the 2009 National Railway Heritage Awards, London Regional category, for the modernisation that took care to retain heritage and architectural features. An earlier Wood Lane station on the Hammersmith & City line was located a distance to the south and was also known as White City from 23 November 1947 until its closure in 1959. London Buses routes 31,49,72,95,148,207,220,228,237,260,272,283,316 and 607 serve the station, London Transport Museum Photographic Archive White City Station in 1951. Shepherds Bush and White City development
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Shepherd's Bush
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Shepherds Bush is an area of west London in the London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham. Although it is residential in character, its focus is the shopping area of Shepherds Bush Green. The main thoroughfares are Uxbridge Road, Goldhawk Road and Askew Road, all containing a number of small and mostly independent shops, pubs. The Loftus Road football stadium in Shepherds Bush is home to Queens Park Rangers, in 2011, the population of the area was 39,724. The district is bounded by Hammersmith to the south, Holland Park and Notting Hill to the east, Harlesden to the north and by Acton, White City forms the northern part of Shepherds Bush. Shepherds Bush comprises the Shepherds Bush Green, Askew, College Park & Old Oak, Kensal Green and White City wards. The areas focal point is Shepherds Bush Green, an area of about 8 acres of open grass surrounded by trees and roads with shops. This position makes it an important node of the bus network and it is also served by five London Underground stations, Shepherds Bush, White City, Shepherds Bush Market, Goldhawk Road and Wood Lane. Originally built in the 1970s with a car park and connecting bridge to the station. The bridge was removed, and the now houses several chain stores, a 12-screen cinema, gym, pub, restaurants, a medical practice. The small shops continue along Uxbridge Road to the west for some distance, many of these establishments cater for the local ethnic minority communities. The Westfield Group opened a centre in October 2008. The same building also houses Escape Studios, an art school providing computer graphics training for the visual effects industry in London. The residential areas of Shepherds Bush are primarily located to the west of the Green, either side of Uxbridge Road and Goldhawk Road to the southwest, and about as far as Askew Road in the west. Much of the housing in this area consists of three- or four-storey terraces dating from the late 19th century, Shepherds Bush is also home to the White City Estate, a housing estate that was originally constructed in the 1930s and further extended after the war in the early 1950s. The name Shepherds Bush is thought to have originated from the use of the land here as a resting point for shepherds on their way to Smithfield Market in the City of London. An alternative theory is that it could have named after someone in the area. Evidence of human habitation can be traced back to the Iron Age, Shepherds Bush enters the written record in the year 704 when it was bought by Waldhere, Bishop of London as a part of the Fulanham estate
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Alexandra Palace
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Alexandra Palace is a historic entertainment venue in Alexandra Park, London. It is located between Muswell Hill and Wood Green, in the north of the city and it was originally opened in 1873 but was rebuilt in 1875 following a destructive fire. It was designed to serve as a centre of recreation, education and entertainment. Intended as The Peoples Palace and later nicknamed Ally Pally, in 1936 it became the home of the worlds first regular public high-definition television service, operated by the BBC. Although other facilities soon superseded it after the war, Alexandra Palace continued to be used by the BBC for many years and its radio, the original studios A and B still survive in the south-east wing with their producers galleries and are used for exhibiting original historical television equipment. The original Victorian theatre with its stage machinery also survives, the theatre and stage structure is on English Heritages Buildings at Risk register. Alexandra Palace became a building in 1996, at the instigation of the Hornsey Historical Society. There is also a pub, ice rink and palm court, the Great Northern Palace Company had been established by 1860 but was initially unable to raise financing for the construction of The Palace of the People, as the project was initially called. The building stock was acquired from the 1862 International Exhibition held in South Kensington. Alexandra Park was opened to the public on 23 July 1863, however, the Palace of the People, or the Peoples Palace, remained as alternative names. In September 1865 construction commenced but to a design by John Johnson, the structure covers some 7.5 acres. In 1871 work started on a line to connect the site to Highgate station. Work on both the railway and the palace was completed in 1873 and, on 24 May of that year, Alexandra Palace, the palace was built by Lucas Brothers, who also built the Royal Albert Hall in South Kensington at around the same time. Sims Reeves sang on the day before an audience of 102,000. Only 16 days later, Alexandra Palace was destroyed by a fire also killed three members of staff. Only the outer walls survived, a exhibition of a collection of English pottery and porcelain. With typical Victorian vigour, it was rebuilt and reopened on 1 May 1875. The new Alexandra Palace contained a hall, art galleries
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Lime Grove Studios
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Lime Grove Studios was originally a film studio complex built by the Gaumont Film Company in 1915, but it was later purchased by the BBC who used it for television broadcasts from 1949 to 1991. Many Gainsborough Pictures films were here from the early 1930s. Its sister studio was Islington Studios, also used by Gainsborough, films were often shot partly at Islington and partly at Lime Grove. The complex was demolished in 1993, in 1922, Isidore Ostrer along with brothers Mark and Maurice, acquired control of Gaumont-British from its French parent. In 1932 a major redevelopment of Lime Grove Studios was completed, the studios prospered under Gaumont-British, and in 1941 were bought by the Rank Organisation. By then Rank had a substantial interest in Gainsborough Pictures, and The Wicked Lady, Lime Groves use for programmes outside current affairs declined over time, and later episodes of the continuing series were made at BBC Television Centre and BBC Elstree. Indeed, in Lime Grove Studios final years, its name was Lime Grove Current Affairs Production Centre. A childrens magazine-style programme, Studio E, was broadcast live from the studio of the name from 1955 until about 1958. Led Zeppelin performed White Summer and Black Mountain Side there, on the Julie Felix Show, in 1991 the BBC decided to consolidate its London television production at the nearby BBC Television Centre and to close its other studios including Lime Grove. BBC Television Theatre close by, near Shepherds Bush Green, reverted to being the Shepherds Bush Empire, by the end, the building was in such a poor state of repair that the remaining BBC staff nicknamed it Slime Grove. The building was put on the market and eventually bought by a development company who demolished the studios in 1993, the streets in the estate were named Gaumont Terrace and Gainsborough Court, in memory of the past owners of Lime Grove Studios. Lime Grove Studios was the setting for the current affairs programme The Hour in the BBC drama of the same name. The studios are represented in the 2013 drama An Adventure in Space and Time, depicting the early years of Doctor Who. Gaumont Film Company Gainsborough Pictures List of Gainsborough Pictures films Unofficial history of Lime Grove Studios History of Gaumont-British and Lime Grove Studios
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Riverside Studios
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It is planned to reopen in 2018. Under the ownership of Jack Buchanan, the company produced films as The Happiest Days of Your Life and Father Brown. In 1954, the studio was acquired by the British Broadcasting Corporation for its television service, the facility was in continuous use until the early 1970s, the rooftop camera position providing one of the highlights of the annual University Boat Race each Easter Saturday. An influential gallery area also flourished, under the direction of Milena Kalinovska who joined in 1982, Channel 4s opening night launch party was held at the Studios in 1982. During the 1980s, the Riverside was also home to Motley Theatre Design Course, following repeated financial crises, and the directorship of David Gothard, Riverside pulled in its horns. William Burdett-Coutts was appointed Artistic Director of Riverside Studios in 1993, Studios 1 and 3 were lucratively used once more in the 1990s for broadcasting, including the Chris Evans vehicle TFI Friday. CD, UK was broadcast from Riverside from 2003 until 2006, later projects included the BBCs Mighty Truck of Stuff and Channel 4s T4 and Popworld. In 2014 Riverside Studios started undergoing a new redevelopment, due for completion in 2018. London builder Mount Anvil, working in conjunction with A2 Dominion, demolished the old Riverside Studios, as part of the redevelopment a new riverside walkway will be created to connect the Thames Path to Hammersmith Bridge. It played regular host to the London Taiwanese, Italian, Polish, tom Robinson hosted live recording sessions for his BBC Radio 6 Music radio show, show Introducing. in Studio 3. Riverside Studios – official site Riverside TV Studios Ltd The Riverside Story Riverside Studios history
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The London Studios
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The London Studios or The South Bank Studios in Waterloo, Central London is a television studio complex formerly owned by London Weekend Television. The studios are located in Central London and are situated on the South Bank next to The IBM Building, the building is set on 2.5 acres of land and is 24 floors high. These include Good Morning Britain, The Graham Norton Show, Ant & Decs Saturday Night Takeaway, the studios are also used for other programmes from various other channels including BBC and Channel 4. The Met Office weather studios which provide national weather forecasts are based at The London Studios. When LWT succeeded ATV for the London weekend ITV franchise in 1968, the site for the development was chosen beside the new Royal National Theatre on the South Bank of the River Thames. It was purchased in 1969 and construction work, awarded to Higgs and Hill, commenced in 1970 with the opening for transmission in 1972. The complex was owned by the National Coal Board Pension Fund Trustees and it was originally called The South Bank Television Centre and at the time was the most advanced television centre in Europe. On 28 January 2013 ITV plc finally bought the freehold to the now renamed London Television Centre for £56 million from what had now become Coal Pension Properties, on social media, the building is named ITV Towers since the purchase in January 2013. However, the name of the building is The London Television Centre with that being the logo in reception. Kent House is a 24 story tower block, and is home to ITV PLC, during the 1990s the Block was also home to Carlton Television and GMTV. It is seen in the titles of Good Morning Britain and Ant and it was designed by London-based architecture practice Elsom Pack & Roberts. On the east side of the site, there is a building called Gabriels Wharf. Previously belonging to Youngers Brewery, this building was added later to the site as a scenery store. When This Morning moved from Liverpool, the 3,000 square feet studio 8 was converted from the end of the first storey. The site houses programme production offices, edit suites, dubbing suites, VTR studio booths, audiences are used in many productions at The London Studios. The audience are instructed to queue to the hand side of the studios near to the reception entrance. There are two waterproof TV screens with the live ITV programmes shown on them, in 2016, the hand-prints of Ben Elton, Frances de la Tour, Derek Jacobi and Ian McKellen were added. In 1999 through to 2017 there have been a total of nine different studios during the complexs lifespan and it should also be noted that there are weather studios producing the ITV national, and some of the networks regional forecasts
28.
David Nixon (magician)
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David Nixon was an English magician and television personality. At the height of his career, Nixon was the magician in the UK. Born in Muswell Hill, London, Nixon attended the Westcliff High School for Boys in Westcliff-on-Sea and his father was a lawyer whose hobby was magic and who took Nixon to watch performers such as Nevil Maskelyne and David Devant. One magician who made an impression on the young boy was Stanley Collins. Nixon started performing magic himself after an aunt bought him an Ernest Sewell Magic Box for Christmas. On leaving school he gained a job with the Henley Telegraph, the magazine of the W. T. Henley Telegraph company. In 1938 he joined the Magic Circle and he also became an accomplished double bass player and performed with a local band. With the advent of the Second World War, Nixon joined ENSA and he had been prevented from serving in a front line role as a result of suffering from pneumonia when he was a teenager. In summer 1946, after leaving ENSA, he joined the Fol de Rols and he was joined on stage by the actor and comedian Norman Wisdom, who wreaked havoc with his act. The partnership was a success and the two subsequently appeared at the London Casino. In addition to his act, Nixon sang, danced and worked front of house. In 1947 he married a singer named Margaret Burton, the same year he got his first opportunity on television in a show called Café Continental. Nixons big break came in 1954 when he was invited to be a panelist on the British version of the successful television quiz show Whats My Line. He presented various series including the British version of Candid Camera and his magic shows included Tonight with David Nixon, David Nixons Magic Box and The David Nixon Show. He also appeared as a panelist on TV and radio game shows and he was the subject of This Is Your Life in 1973 when he was surprised by Eamonn Andrews at the Magic Circle Headquarters in London. He then famously presented an episode of the programme the year, in which the subject was none other than the series regular British host. A keen chess player, Nixon also presented Checkmate, a Thames Television series teaching the basics of the game, alongside his skills as a stage magician, Nixon liked to use television technology for humour and entertainment. In the 70s, when the technology of chroma key became available, not only was the conversation perfectly coordinated, he also used sleight-of-hand to appear to pass objects back and forth to himself
29.
Helios
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Helios was the personification of the Sun in Greek mythology. He is the son of the Titan Hyperion and the Titaness Theia, also known as Euryphaessa and brother of the goddesses Selene, the moon, and Eos, the dawn. In the Homeric hymn to Helios, Helios is said to drive a chariot drawn by steeds. Still later, the horses were given related names, Pyrois, Aeos, Aethon. As time passed, Helios was increasingly identified with the god of light, however, in spite of their syncretism, they were also often viewed as two distinct gods/titan. The equivalent of Helios in Roman mythology was Sol, specifically Sol Invictus, the Greek ἥλιος is the inherited word for the Sun, from Proto-Indo-European *sóh₂wl̥, cognate with Latin sol, Sanskrit surya, Old English swegl, Old Norse sól, Welsh haul, etc. The female offspring of Helios were called Heliades, the Greek sun god had various bynames or epithets, which over time in some cases came to be considered separate deities associated with the Sun. Most notably, Helios is closely associated with, and sometimes identified with. Diodorus Siculus of Sicily reported that the Chaldeans called Cronus by the name Helios, or the sun, among these is Hyperion, Elektor, Phaëton the radiant, Hekatos. The best known story involving Helios is that of his son Phaethon, Helios was sometimes characterized with the epithet Panoptes. In the Odyssey, Odysseus and his crew land on Thrinacia, an island sacred to the sun god. There, the red cattle of the Sun were kept, You will now come to the Thrinacian island. There will be seven herds of cattle and seven flocks of sheep and they do not breed, nor do they become fewer in number, and they are tended by the goddesses Phaethusa and Lampetia, who are children of the sun-god Hyperion by Neaera. Their mother when she had them and had done suckling them sent them to the Thrinacian island. Though Odysseus warns his men, when supplies run short they impiously kill, the guardians of the island, Helios daughters, tell their father about this. Helios appeals to Zeus telling them to dispose of Odysseus men or he will take the Sun, Zeus destroys the ship with his lightning bolt, killing all the men except for Odysseus. In one Greek vase painting, Helios appears riding across the sea in the cup of the Delphic tripod which appears to be a solar reference. While Heracles traveled to Erytheia to retrieve the cattle of Geryon, he crossed the Libyan desert and was so frustrated at the heat that he shot an arrow at Helios, Heracles used this golden cup to reach Erytheia
30.
Sound
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In physics, sound is a vibration that propagates as a typically audible mechanical wave of pressure and displacement, through a transmission medium such as air or water. In physiology and psychology, sound is the reception of such waves, humans can hear sound waves with frequencies between about 20 Hz and 20 kHz. Sound above 20 kHz is ultrasound and below 20 Hz is infrasound, other animals have different hearing ranges. Acoustics is the science that deals with the study of mechanical waves in gases, liquids, and solids including vibration, sound, ultrasound. A scientist who works in the field of acoustics is an acoustician, an audio engineer, on the other hand, is concerned with the recording, manipulation, mixing, and reproduction of sound. Auditory sensation evoked by the oscillation described in, sound can propagate through a medium such as air, water and solids as longitudinal waves and also as a transverse wave in solids. The sound waves are generated by a source, such as the vibrating diaphragm of a stereo speaker. The sound source creates vibrations in the surrounding medium, as the source continues to vibrate the medium, the vibrations propagate away from the source at the speed of sound, thus forming the sound wave. At a fixed distance from the source, the pressure, velocity, at an instant in time, the pressure, velocity, and displacement vary in space. Note that the particles of the medium do not travel with the sound wave and this is intuitively obvious for a solid, and the same is true for liquids and gases. During propagation, waves can be reflected, refracted, or attenuated by the medium, the behavior of sound propagation is generally affected by three things, A complex relationship between the density and pressure of the medium. This relationship, affected by temperature, determines the speed of sound within the medium, if the medium is moving, this movement may increase or decrease the absolute speed of the sound wave depending on the direction of the movement. For example, sound moving through wind will have its speed of propagation increased by the speed of the if the sound and wind are moving in the same direction. If the sound and wind are moving in opposite directions, the speed of the wave will be decreased by the speed of the wind. Medium viscosity determines the rate at which sound is attenuated, for many media, such as air or water, attenuation due to viscosity is negligible. When sound is moving through a medium that does not have constant physical properties, the mechanical vibrations that can be interpreted as sound can travel through all forms of matter, gases, liquids, solids, and plasmas. The matter that supports the sound is called the medium, sound cannot travel through a vacuum. Sound is transmitted through gases, plasma, and liquids as longitudinal waves and it requires a medium to propagate
31.
Visual perception
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Visual perception is the ability to interpret the surrounding environment using light in the visible spectrum reflected by the objects in the environment. The resulting perception is known as visual perception, eyesight, sight. The visual system in animals allows individuals to assimilate information from their surroundings, the act of seeing starts when the cornea and then the lens of the eye focuses light from its surroundings onto a light-sensitive membrane in the back of the eye, called the retina. The retina is actually part of the brain that is isolated to serve as a transducer for the conversion of light into neuronal signals. These signals are processed via complex feedforward and feedback processes by different parts of the brain, signals from the retina can also travel directly from the retina to the superior colliculus. The perception of objects and the totality of the scene is accomplished by the visual association cortex. The visual association cortex combines all sensory information perceived by the cortex which contains thousands of modules that are part of modular neural networks. The neurons in the cortex send axons to the extrastriate cortex. The major problem in perception is that what people see is not simply a translation of retinal stimuli. Thus people interested in perception have long struggled to explain what visual processing does to create what is actually seen, there were two major ancient Greek schools, providing a primitive explanation of how vision is carried out in the body. The first was the theory which maintained that vision occurs when rays emanate from the eyes and are intercepted by visual objects. If an object was seen directly it was by means of coming out of the eyes. This theory was championed by scholars like Euclid and Ptolemy and their followers, the second school advocated the so-called intro-mission approach which sees vision as coming from something entering the eyes representative of the object. Plato makes this assertion in his dialogue Timaeus, as does Aristotle, alhazen carried out many investigations and experiments on visual perception, extended the work of Ptolemy on binocular vision, and commented on the anatomical works of Galen. Leonardo da Vinci is believed to be the first to recognize the special qualities of the eye. He wrote The function of the human eye, was described by a large number of authors in a certain way. But I found it to be completely different and his main experimental finding was that there is only a distinct and clear vision at the line of sight—the optical line that ends at the fovea. Although he did not use these words literally he actually is the father of the distinction between foveal and peripheral vision
32.
White City Place
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BBC White City, also known as the BBC Media Village, is a collection of six buildings occupying a 17-acre site at Wood Lane, White City in West London. All formerly properties of the BBC, several have now closed, with only Broadcast Centre, the site is a short distance down Wood Lane from the former BBC Television Centre. The BBC have sold the majority of buildings on the site and it has announced that Media Village will be renamed White City Place by new owners Stanhope. The first building on the site, BBC White City, was designed by architects Scott Brownrigg & Turner and was opened in 1990. Built on the site of the 1908 Franco-British exhibition, White City One was constructed on the location of the former White City Stadium used for the 1908 Summer Olympics. The stadium was demolished in 1985 and parts of the Olympic swimming pool were also discovered when the foundations of the new building were laid, the building was originally intended to be a new home for BBC Radio, replacing Broadcasting House. It housed most of the BBCs current affairs and factual and learning programmes, such as Panorama, Top Gear, Watchdog, the BBC vacated the building in March 2013 and sold it to developers. It has since referred to as White City One to distinguish it from the wider site. Construction of the phase of the development began in September 2001. It consists of five buildings in addition to White City One - Media Centre, Broadcast Centre, Energy Centre, Garden House. The buildings were designed by Allies and Morrison Architects and Buro Happold, in addition to BBC offices, the site included a post office, a Tesco Express, a Starbucks, a Davys wine bar and several other retail outlets, many of which have now closed. To pay for costs, the BBC signed a 30-year deal with Land Securities Trillium. The rear of Media Centre included gardens designed by Christopher Bradley-Hole, a poem Voices of White City by Poet Laureate Andrew Motion is inlaid into the paving in the piazza. The site featured artworks such as Simon Pattersons art wall in Broadcast Centre which is based on First World War dazzle camouflage and she was also responsible for the overall colour scheme in both buildings. Energy Centre features the Olympic Rings as a marker of the line of the 1908 Olympic marathon. A further planned building, the Music Box, designed by Foreign Office Architects was scheduled for opening in 2006 and it would have been a concert hall and recording venue for the BBC Symphony Orchestra and Chorus, the BBC Concert Orchestra and the BBC Singers. The Media Centre was the headquarters for the BBCs for-profit publishing subsidiary BBC Worldwide from 2008 until 2015. Media Centre also housed various non-broadcast divisions of the BBC which had moved from central London to make way for the redevelopment of Broadcasting House
33.
Question mark
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The question mark is a punctuation mark that indicates an interrogative clause or phrase in many languages. The question mark is not used for indirect questions, the question mark glyph is also often used in place of missing or unknown data. In Unicode, it is encoded at U+003F, lynne Truss attributes an early form of the modern question mark in western language to Alcuin of York. Truss describes the punctus interrogativus of the late 8th century as and this earliest question mark was a decoration of one of these dots, with the lightning flash perhaps meant to denote intonation, and perhaps associated with early musical notation like neumes. It has also suggested that the glyph derives from the Latin quaestiō, meaning question. The lowercase q was written above the o, and this mark was transformed into the modern symbol. According to a 2011 discovery by a Cambridge manuscript expert, Syriac was the first language to use a mark to indicate an interrogative sentence. The Syriac question mark has the form of a double dot. In English, the question mark typically occurs at the end of a sentence, however, the question mark may also occur at the end of a clause or phrase, where it replaces the comma, Is it good in form. Or, Showing off for him, for all of them, what did he have to be hubrid about. —but from mood and nervousness. This is quite common in Spanish, where the use of bracketing question marks explicitly indicates the scope of interrogation, en el caso de que no puedas ir con ellos, ¿quieres ir con nosotros. In Spanish, since the edition of the Ortografía of the Royal Academy in 1754. An interrogative sentence, clause, or phrase begins with a question mark ⟨¿⟩ and ends with the question mark ⟨. ⟩, as in, Ella me pregunta «¿qué hora es. » – She asks me. The one exception is when the mark is matched with an exclamation mark, as in. – Who do you think you are, nonetheless, even here the Academy recommends matching punctuation, ¡¿Quién te has creído que eres. Other languages of Spain, Catalan and Galician also uses the opening question mark though usually only in long sentences or in cases which would otherwise be ambiguous. Basque only use one question mark, in Armenian the question mark takes the form of an open circle and is placed over the last vowel of the question word. It is defined in Unicode at U+055E ՞ ARMENIAN QUESTION MARK, the Greek question mark appeared around the same time as the Latin one, in the 8th century
34.
Order of the British Empire
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There is also the related British Empire Medal, whose recipients are affiliated with, but not members of, the order. Recommendations for appointments to the Order of the British Empire were at first made on the nomination of the United Kingdom, the self-governing Dominions of the Empire, nominations continue today from Commonwealth countries that participate in recommending British honours. Most members are citizens of the United Kingdom or the Commonwealth realms that use the Imperial system of honours and awards. Honorary knighthoods are appointed to citizens of nations where the Queen is not head of state, occasionally, honorary appointees are, incorrectly, referred to as Sir or Dame – Bill Gates or Bob Geldof, for example. In particular, King George V wished to create an Order to honour many thousands of those who had served in a variety of non-combatant roles during the First World War, when first established, the Order had only one division. However, in 1918, soon after its foundation, it was divided into Military. The Orders motto is For God and the Empire, at the foundation of the Order, the Medal of the Order of the British Empire was instituted, to serve as a lower award granting recipients affiliation but not membership. In 1922, this was renamed the British Empire Medal, in addition, the BEM is awarded by the Cook Islands and by some other Commonwealth nations. The British monarch is Sovereign of the Order, and appoints all members of the Order. The next most senior member is the Grand Master, of whom there have been three, Prince Edward, the Prince of Wales, Queen Mary, and the current Grand Master, the Duke of Edinburgh. The Order is limited to 300 Knights and Dames Grand Cross,845 Knights and Dames Commander, and 8,960 Commanders. There are no limits applied to the number of members of the fourth and fifth classes. Foreign recipients, as members, do not contribute to the numbers restricted to the Order as full members do. Though men can be knighted separately from an order of chivalry, women cannot, and so the rank of Knight/Dame Commander of the Order is the lowest rank of damehood, and second-lowest of knighthood. Because of this, Dame Commander is awarded in circumstances in which a man would be created a Knight Bachelor, for example, by convention, female judges of the High Court of Justice are created Dames Commander after appointment, while male judges become Knights Bachelor. The Order has six officials, the Prelate, the Dean, the Secretary, the Registrar, the King of Arms, the Bishop of London, a senior bishop in the Church of England, serves as the Orders Prelate. The Dean of St Pauls is ex officio the Dean of the Order, the Orders King of Arms is not a member of the College of Arms, as are many other heraldic officers. From time to time, individuals are appointed to a higher grade within the Order, thereby ceasing usage of the junior post-nominal letters
35.
Shepherd's Bush Empire
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Shepherds Bush Empire is a music venue in Shepherds Bush, London, run by the Academy Music Group. It was built in 1903 as a hall and in 1953 became the BBC Television Theatre. Since 1994, it has operated as a music venue and it is a Grade II listed building. The Shepherds Bush Empire was built in 1903 for impresario Oswald Stoll, ashlys Circus performed at Shepherds Bush Empire and presented to George Strong a trophy for riding The Bucking Mule Sloper on 8 September 1905. The first performers at the new theatre were The Fred Karno Troupe including Charlie Chaplin, the Empire staged music-hall entertainments, such as variety performances and revues, until the early 1950s, by which time the popularity of these forms of entertainment was declining. During World War II, the Shepherds Bush Empire narrowly escaped being hit by a flying bomb, the Pavilion did not re-open until 1955. In 1953, the Empire was sold to the BBC, which put it to use as a television studio–theatre, among the programmes produced there were Crackerjack, The Old Grey Whistle Test, Thats Life. In 1985, the theatre was turned over for use by Wogan. The BBC vacated the building in 1991 and it was taken over again, this time in 1993 by entrepreneur Andrew Mahler, who invested over £1m in the building in improvements and refurbishments. In 1994 the building re-opened under its name of the Shepherds Bush Empire, since when it has hosted gigs. In November 2007 Amy Winehouse recorded I Told You I Was Trouble, in addition to this, Transatlantics third live release, Whirld Tour 2010, Live in London, was recorded and filmed at the venue. Folk rock band Mumford & Sons recorded their album Live from Shepherds Bush Empire there, in the dance music community it is also known to host raves and hard dance events, such as Frantic or Heat. The Empire has a capacity of only 2,000, but it has chosen as a venue for small gigs. Prior to their 1999 tour, the Rolling Stones put in a performance, with Sheryl Crow as support, dixie Chicks singer Natalie Maines made a famously controversial remark about George W. Bush at the club in 2003. Italian singer-songwriter Elisa performed on February 23rd,2017, history of Shepherds Bush Shepherds Bush Palladium Shepherds Bush Pavilion Denny, Barbara, Hammersmith and Shepherds Bush Past, Historical Publications Ltd, London, ISBN094866732 X
36.
Strictly Come Dancing
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Each couple is scored out of 10 by a panel of judges. The title of the show suggests a continuation of the long-running series Come Dancing, the format has been exported to over 40 other countries, and has also inspired a modern dance-themed spin-off Strictly Dance Fever. The show is presented by Tess Daly and Claudia Winkleman. The thirteenth series ended on 19 December 2015, a further eleven stand-alone Christmas specials have also been produced, in consecutive years from 2004 onwards. Nine charity specials have also produced since 2008. Since the fourth series, the show has also aired in high definition on BBC HD. He stepped down permanently in 2014, the first year of broadcast 2004 there were 2 Series while all the other years there was only one series. Producer Richard Hopkins, who had produced the first UK series of Big Brother, later, entertainment executive Fenia Vardanis also suggested reviving Come Dancing, so Jane Lush, the then head of BBC Entertainment, put Hopkins and Vardanis together to develop the show. Hopkins then called in Karen Smith, who had just produced Comic Relief Does Fame Academy for BBC One and The Games for Channel 4, to lead the development of the show. Smith was the show running Executive Producer of the first three series, and of sister show It Takes Two and she then took the role of Creative Director of BBC Entertainment whilst still overseeing series 4 and 5. Hopkins later took the format to America himself when the BBC dismissed the idea of selling it abroad, from series 1 to 11, Sir Bruce Forsyth and Tess Daly presented the pro-celebrity ballroom dancing competition. Winkleman has joined Daly as full-time co-presenter for series 12 following Forsyths departure after the 2013 series, through telephone voting, viewers vote for who they would like to be in the next round, the results of the poll being combined with the ranking of the judges. For example, with ten contestants left, the judges favourite would receive ten points, second favourite nine points, and so on, the bottom ranked couple gets one point. The profits from the lines were donated to Sport Relief in series 1. The show is broadcast live on BBC One on Saturday evenings, Sir Bruce Forsyth presented the live shows alongside Daly from 2004 to 2013, announcing his departure in 2014. He was to continue to present special editions of the show, the judging panel initially consisted of Bruno Tonioli, Arlene Phillips, Len Goodman and Craig Revel Horwood. Tonioli commutes weekly between Hollywood and London to judge both the American and British versions of the show simultaneously, each judge gives the performance a mark out of ten, giving an overall total out of forty. The voice-over announcer is Alan Dedicoat, the singers on the show are Tommy Blaize, Hayley Sanderson, Lance Ellington, Andrea Grant and formerly the well known UK dance music vocalist Tara McDonald
37.
Harry Hill's TV Burp
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Harry Hills TV Burp is a British television comedy programme that ran for 11 years from 2001 to 2012, and was produced by Avalon Television for ITV. The show was written and hosted by comedian Harry Hill, with each taking a humorous look back to the previous week of programming on British television. In the earlier series, some of the clips used were not from programmes, in realisation and quickly starting the show. In later series, the part of each episode opened with Hill simply nodding his head to the final note of the shows theme. Hill often performs a sideways looks to another camera, either during a segment or just after a clip has been shown, in which he gives a cheeky. A fight sketch is used in every episode to introduce the commercial break, theres only one way to find out. After the commercial break, the show continues as normal, making no reference to the fight or who won it, in some later series, the fight was either one-sided and instantly over, or something occurred to make it not happen. Every episode featured at least one clip that was used as a highlight, in which something funny that occurred within it was pointed out by Hill. This segment always had a card played before and after the clip that was to be shown, depicting the style of the highlight in the form of a title. In most of the series, a recurring gag or theme would be used in either a few episodes. The most notable of these included, Hill using an identical phone to that used in Deal or No Deal by the Banker, to call Noel Edmonds. Hill comparing an item in a clip to that of a person in the same clip, a spoof show involving the judges from Pop Idol titled At Home with the Pop Idol Judges, with Hill starring as Simon Cowell. and hoopy hoops. A competition involving one of the made for the show, turning up in programs, in which viewers had to find them. Comparing catch phrases in a show to that of game show. Hill comparing himself to people who were bald like him in a featured on the show, often with the lines I dont know what it is about them. The person in question appeared in person next to the host in the comparison. A shark puppet attacking Hill by springing out of next to him at his desk. Throughout its history, TV Burp featured a number of characters that were created just for the show, some in a minor capacity, Hill will say I wonder what it would be like if
38.
Match of the Day
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Match of the Day, often abbreviated as MOTD or MotD, is BBC TVs principal football programme. Typically, it is shown on BBC One on Saturday evenings during the English football season, showing highlights of the matches in English footballs top division. It is one of the BBCs longest-running shows, having been on air since 22 August 1964, Match of the Day has been recognised by Guinness World Records as the longest-running football TV programme in the world. Since 1999, MOTD has been presented by former England captain Gary Lineker, Lineker is usually joined by two pundits to analyse and review the days action. The programme is broadcast from MediaCityUK in Salford Quays, on the banks of the Manchester Ship Canal in Greater Manchester, the programmes audience was estimated at only 20,000, less than half of the attendance at the ground. Match of the Day was not universally welcomed in the football world, eventually a compromise was reached where the BBC agreed not to reveal which match was to be shown until after the days play had concluded. The first colour edition of Match of the Day on BBC1 was shown on 15 November 1969, however the very first colour edition was shown on 2 November 1968 on BBC2 when a game between Chelsea and Manchester City was featured. Slow motion replays were first introduced in 1969, however, at the end of the decade the BBC lost a significant share of matches, with a new four-year deal in 1979 splitting the rights between the BBC and ITV. Match of the Day was moved to Sunday afternoons for the 1980–81, in 1983, the programme reverted to being shown on Saturday night, although that year four broadcasts were lost due to industrial action. The season 1983–84 also saw the first Match of the Day Live broadcasts of First Division matches, League football highlights were not available to the BBC for a few years but MOTD returned in 1992, for the start of the Premier League era. C. In 1997, the BBC lost all rights to the FA Cup meaning the programmes live coverage was restricted to the UEFA Cup and Cup Winners Cup matches. However the BBC were still able to show Saturday evening highlights of FA Cup games, however things got much worse for the network when in 2001, the Premier League awarded highlights rights to ITV in a three-year contract. In August 2003 it was announced that from the 2004/05 season, Premier League highlights were returning to the BBC, in addition, Match of the Day 2 was launched, which showed highlights of all the Sunday fixtures, and was presented by Adrian Chiles. In 2009 the BBC announced they had retained their Premier League rights, from the 2011–12 season a new web-only Match of the Day 3 programme was launched on Monday mornings as a light-hearted addition to Match of the Day 2. Although broadcast as a programme and with its own unique title. In November 2011, Match of the Day moved from London to a new studio in Salford as part of the BBCs relocation north. At the start of 2012–13 season Match of the Day 2 moved to BBC One, in 1973, Jimmy Hill took over as presenter after moving from ITV. Des Lynam later became the host, current presenter Gary Lineker joined as an analyst in 1995 before becoming the main presenter after Lynams departure in 1999
39.
Later... with Jools Holland
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With Jools Holland is a contemporary British music television show hosted by Jools Holland. A spin-off of The Late Show, it has been running in short series since 1992 and is a part of BBC Twos late-night line-up, the show is considered an institution, having notched up millions of fans around the world. It is currently broadcast in America on MTV Live, previously it has shown on Ovation, BBC America, Fuse. The Ovation and Fuse broadcasts leave out several performances to air commercials within a one-hour timeslot, the 200th programme was broadcast on 1 February 2008. The 250th edition was broadcast in September 2010, draws from a diverse palette of both popular and world music, and each show features around five bands with a variety of styles performing for each other and a small studio audience. Jools Holland introduces the show and interviews one or more of the performers, a unique feature is the short jam session that begins each show, involving all of his invited guests, along with Holland on piano. This beginning jam session also best shows the layout of the set – all the bands are arrayed in a circle with the audience filling in the gaps between them. On 1 April 2008, a new format was debuted, featuring a 30-minute, fully live show broadcast on a Tuesday, Later Live. with Jools Holland, followed by the original hour-long pre-recorded show, with Jools Holland, broadcast on a Friday. The Friday show features the recorded on a Tuesday as well as others recorded during the session for the live show. The HD broadcasts use Dolby Digital 5.1, which adds to the ambience of the studio environment. After the 2012 closure of BBC Television Centre, production from April 2013 moved to The Maidstone Studios, close to Hollands home in Cooling, occasional special editions of the show showcase a major artist under the Later. The bands in question play for the duration of the hour-long show, despite the different name, the show is still introduced by Jools Holland and takes place in a similarly set-up studio. The special episode featuring M People in 1998 was later released on video, also, a selection of the songs from the programme have been released on the limited edition of The Best of M People album and as a b-side to the single Dreaming. Special editions broadcast on New Years Eve each year are referred to as Jools Hollands Hootenanny and are advance-recorded, in 2003 a Spring Hootenanny was broadcast, which proved to be a one-off. Repeated excerpts from the show were broadcast under the title A Little Later as fill-in programmes on BBC HD and he also argued all the artists it breaks are essentially the same, MOR singer-songwriters. Executive producer Mark Cooper responded to this comment in 2013, claiming, we’re not thinking, Oh no, we’ve never had Def Leppard on, we owe them one. Cooper acknowledged that the series had not had much metal but denied accusations that it was snobby about pop acts. In 2000, the series was ranked at number 81 in the British Film Institutes list of the BFI TV100, numerous albums containing performances from the show have been released over the course of the shows run
40.
Miranda (TV series)
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Miranda is a British television sitcom written by and starring comedian Miranda Hart. The show features actors Sarah Hadland, Tom Ellis, Patricia Hodge, Sally Phillips, James Holmes and it was filmed in front of live audiences at the BBC Television Centre and The London Studios. Receiving positive comments from critics, Miranda Hart won a Royal Television Society award, the series has since been regularly repeated on British television and is available in the United States through Hulu. The episodes revolve around the difficulties Miranda gets herself into and she is 6 ft 1 in tall and, sometimes mistaken for a man, is addressed as Sir. She has never fit in with her old boarding school friends, Tilly and Fanny and she is a constant disappointment to her mother, Penny, who is desperate for her to get a proper job and a husband. Although Miranda owns and lives above her own shop and boutique, she lacks any real capacity for business. The restaurant next door is initially run by Clive Evans, until series three, when the chef, Gary Preston, purchases it from him. After many failed attempts at dating, Miranda and Gary, a friend from university whom Miranda fancies, nevertheless, when Gary gets a girlfriend called Rose, it prompts Miranda to start a new relationship with Michael Jackford, a local reporter whose work soon takes him to Africa. Upon his return he proposes to Miranda, as does Gary when he realizes his love for her, Miranda accepts Garys proposal rather than Michaels and Miranda and Gary get married in the final episode. Miranda Hart as Miranda – An ungainly, socially awkward, 35-year-old woman who finds herself in bizarre situations. Miranda struggles with everyday life, often indulging in odd, childlike behaviour. Although this often irritates her friends and family, they tolerate her because, at heart, she is intelligent and good-natured, despite not always showing it. However, she accepts that her only serious problem – her lack of confidence – is now gone and although she does not need Gary. After an initial panic over a wedding, she marries Gary at his restaurant. Tom Ellis as Gary Preston – A handsome, friendly chef, although there has always been an undercurrent of attraction between them, neither has pursued it until he begins working at the restaurant next to Mirandas shop. Despite often being confused by Mirandas behaviour, Gary generally finds her kind, open nature endearing and he is one of the few people who accepts Miranda as she is. Miranda and Gary date briefly in two, though this breaks down when it is revealed Gary had an affair with a waitress in Hong Kong. Gary also dates Rose briefly in three, before breaking up with her due to her being unable to accept Miranda
