1.
Temple block
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Temple Square is a 10-acre complex, owned by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, in the center of Salt Lake City, Utah. In recent years, the usage of the name has changed to include several other church facilities that are immediately adjacent to Temple Square. Contained within Temple Square are the Salt Lake Temple, Salt Lake Tabernacle, Salt Lake Assembly Hall, the Seagull Monument, and two visitors centers. In 1847, when Mormon pioneers arrived in the Salt Lake Valley, LDS Church president Brigham Young selected a plot of the ground and proclaimed. When the city was surveyed, the block enclosing that location was designated for the temple, Temple Square is surrounded by a 15-foot wall that was built shortly after the block was so designated. The square also became the headquarters of the LDS Church, other buildings were built on the plot, including a tabernacle and Endowment House, both of which were later torn down. The Salt Lake Tabernacle, home of the Mormon Tabernacle Choir, was built in 1867 to accommodate the churchs general conferences, another church building, the Salt Lake Assembly Hall, was later built with a seating capacity of 2,000. As the church has grown, its headquarters have expanded into the surrounding area, the Hotel Utah, another building on this block, was remodeled in 1995 as additional office space and a large film theater and renamed the Joseph Smith Memorial Building. In 2000, the church purchased the section of Main Street between this block and Temple Square and connected the two blocks with a called the Main Street Plaza. In 2000, the church completed a new,21,000 seat Conference Center on the north of Temple Square. The Family History Library and the Church History Museum are located on the block west of Temple Square. Attracting 3 million to 5 million visitors a year, Temple Square is the most popular tourist attraction in Utah, by comparison, Utahs five National Parks—Zion, Bryce Canyon, Capitol Reef, Canyonlands, and Arches—had a combined total of 5.3 million visitors in 2005. The grounds, as well as the Gardens at Temple Square, often host concerts, during the Christmas holiday season, approximately 100,000 Christmas lights sparkle from trees and shrubs around Temple Square each evening until 9 pm. The lighting of Temple Square is an event, usually attended by more than 10,000 people. They are also locations for street musicians to perform, especially during the holiday season. Temple Square serves as the point for all street addresses in Salt Lake City. The Salt Lake Temple is the largest and best-known of the 150 operating LDS temples and it is the sixth temple built by the church overall, and the fourth operating temple built following the Mormon exodus from Nauvoo, Illinois. Today, Temple Square features two visitors centers, called the North Visitors Center and the South Visitors Center, the North Visitors Center was built first and features a replica of the Christus, a statue of Jesus Christ by Danish sculptor Bertel Thorvaldsen
Temple block
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Temple Square
Temple block
Temple block
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Salt Lake Temple
Temple block
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Christus statue in North Visitors' Center
2.
Temple Square (UTA station)
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Temple Square is a light rail station in Downtown Salt Lake City, Utah, in the United States, served by the Blue Line and Green Line of the Utah Transit Authoritys TRAX system. The Blue Line has service from the Salt Lake Intermodal Hub in Downtown Salt Lake City to Draper, the Green Line provides service from the Salt Lake City International Airport to West Valley City. The station is located at 150 West South Temple, with the platform in the median of the street. It is situated north of the Salt Palace Convention Center and Abravanel Hall, just southwest of Temple Square. The station was opened on 4 December 1999, and was part of the first operating segment of the TRAX system and it is operated by the Utah Transit Authority. The station is included in the Free Fare Zone in Downtown Salt Lake City, transportation patrons that both enter and exit bus or TRAX service within the Zone can ride at no charge. Unlike many TRAX stations, Arena does not have a Park, all of UTAs TRAX and FrontRunner trains and stations, as well as all fixed route buses, are compliant with Americans with Disabilities Act and are therefore accessible to those with disabilities. Signage at the stations, on the platforms, and on the trains clearly indicate accessibility options. Ramps on the platform and assistance from the train operator may be necessary for wheelchair boarding on Blue Line. These ramps are not used on weekends or on the Green Line, in accordance with the Utah Clean Air Act and UTA ordinance, smoking is prohibited on UTA vehicles as well as UTA bus stops, TRAX stations, and FrontRunner stations. Train schedules are current as of Change Day,8 December 2013, on weekdays the first northbound Blue Line train leaves the Temple Square Station at about 5,30 am and the first southbound train leaves at about 5,45 am. The last northbound train leaves at 11,16 pm and the last southbound train leaves at 11,35 pm. However, the last southbound train only goes as far south as the Fashion Place West Station, on Saturdays the first northbound train leaves at about 6,30 am and the first southbound train leaves at about 7,00 am. The last northbound train leaves at 11,12 pm and the last northbound train leaves at 11,39 pm. However, the last southbound train only goes as far south as the Central Pointe Station, on Sundays the first northbound train leaves at about 9,45 am and the first southbound train leaves at about 10,15 am. The last northbound train leaves at 7,52 pm and the last southbound train leaves at 8,19 pm. However, the last southbound train only goes as far south as the Central Pointe Station, Blue Line trains run every fifteen minutes on weekdays and every twenty minutes on weekends. On weekdays the first northbound Green Line train leaves the Temple Square Station at about 5,00 am, the last northbound train leaves at 10,56 pm and the last southbound train leaves at 11,45 pm
Temple Square (UTA station)
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A
Blue Line train to
Sandy departing Temple Square Station
3.
National Register of Historic Places
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The National Register of Historic Places is the United States federal governments official list of districts, sites, buildings, structures, and objects deemed worthy of preservation. The passage of the National Historic Preservation Act in 1966 established the National Register, of the more than one million properties on the National Register,80,000 are listed individually. The remainder are contributing resources within historic districts, each year approximately 30,000 properties are added to the National Register as part of districts or by individual listings. For most of its history the National Register has been administered by the National Park Service and its goals are to help property owners and interest groups, such as the National Trust for Historic Preservation, coordinate, identify, and protect historic sites in the United States. While National Register listings are mostly symbolic, their recognition of significance provides some financial incentive to owners of listed properties, protection of the property is not guaranteed. During the nomination process, the property is evaluated in terms of the four criteria for inclusion on the National Register of Historic Places, the application of those criteria has been the subject of criticism by academics of history and preservation, as well as the public and politicians. Occasionally, historic sites outside the proper, but associated with the United States are also listed. Properties can be nominated in a variety of forms, including individual properties, historic districts, the Register categorizes general listings into one of five types of properties, district, site, structure, building, or object. National Register Historic Districts are defined geographical areas consisting of contributing and non-contributing properties, some properties are added automatically to the National Register when they become administered by the National Park Service. These include National Historic Landmarks, National Historic Sites, National Historical Parks, National Military Parks/Battlefields, National Memorials, on October 15,1966, the Historic Preservation Act created the National Register of Historic Places and the corresponding State Historic Preservation Offices. Initially, the National Register consisted of the National Historic Landmarks designated before the Registers creation, approval of the act, which was amended in 1980 and 1992, represented the first time the United States had a broad-based historic preservation policy. To administer the newly created National Register of Historic Places, the National Park Service of the U. S. Department of the Interior, hartzog, Jr. established an administrative division named the Office of Archeology and Historic Preservation. Hartzog charged OAHP with creating the National Register program mandated by the 1966 law, ernest Connally was the Offices first director. Within OAHP new divisions were created to deal with the National Register, the first official Keeper of the Register was William J. Murtagh, an architectural historian. During the Registers earliest years in the late 1960s and early 1970s, organization was lax and SHPOs were small, understaffed, and underfunded. A few years later in 1979, the NPS history programs affiliated with both the U. S. National Parks system and the National Register were categorized formally into two Assistant Directorates. Established were the Assistant Directorate for Archeology and Historic Preservation and the Assistant Directorate for Park Historic Preservation, from 1978 until 1981, the main agency for the National Register was the Heritage Conservation and Recreation Service of the United States Department of the Interior. In February 1983, the two assistant directorates were merged to promote efficiency and recognize the interdependency of their programs, jerry L. Rogers was selected to direct this newly merged associate directorate
National Register of Historic Places
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Logo used for the NRHP.
National Register of Historic Places
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Old Slater Mill, a historic district in
Pawtucket, Rhode Island, was the first property listed in the National Register on November 13, 1966.
National Register of Historic Places
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The
Loren Andrus Octagon House in
Washington, Michigan has been on the NRHP since September 3, 1971.
National Register of Historic Places
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Built in 1800 by
Samuel McIntire in
Salem, the
Stephen Phillips House is operated as a
historic house museum by
Historic New England and open for public tours.
4.
National Historic Landmark
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A National Historic Landmark is a building, district, object, site, or structure that is officially recognized by the United States government for its outstanding historical significance. Of over 85,000 places listed on the countrys National Register of Historic Places, a National Historic Landmark District may include contributing properties that are buildings, structures, sites or objects, and it may include non-contributing properties. Contributing properties may or may not also be separately listed, prior to 1935, efforts to preserve cultural heritage of national importance were made by piecemeal efforts of the United States Congress. The first National Historic Site designation was made for the Salem Maritime National Historic Site on March 17,1938. In 1960, the National Park Service took on the administration of the data gathered under this legislation. Because listings often triggered local preservation laws, legislation in 1980 amended the procedures to require owner agreement to the designations. On October 9,1960,92 properties were announced as designated NHLs by Secretary of the Interior Fred A. Seaton, more than 2,500 NHLs have been designated. Most, but not all, are in the United States, there are NHLs in all 50 states and the District of Columbia. Three states account for nearly 25 percent of the nations NHLs, three cities within these states all separately have more NHLs than 40 of the 50 states. In fact, New York City alone has more NHLs than all but five states, Virginia, California, Pennsylvania, Massachusetts, there are 74 NHLs in the District of Columbia. Some NHLs are in U. S. commonwealths and territories, associated states, and foreign states. There are 15 in Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, and other U. S. commonwealths and territories,5 in U. S. -associated states such as Micronesia, over 100 ships or shipwrecks have been designated as NHLs. About half of the National Historic Landmarks are privately owned, the National Historic Landmarks Program relies on suggestions for new designations from the National Park Service, which also assists in maintaining the landmarks. A friends group of owners and managers, the National Historic Landmark Stewards Association, works to preserve, protect, if not already listed on the National Register of Historic Places, an NHL is automatically added to the Register upon designation. About three percent of Register listings are NHLs, american Water Landmark List of U. S
National Historic Landmark
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USS Constitution
National Historic Landmark
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Frank Lloyd Wright 's
Taliesin is a National Historic Landmark
National Historic Landmark
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The
American Legation in Tangiers, Morocco, was the first National Historic Landmark on foreign soil.
National Historic Landmark
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Navajo Nation Council Chamber, the seat of government for the
Navajo Nation,
Window Rock, Arizona.
5.
Salt Lake Temple
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The Salt Lake Temple is a temple of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints located on Temple Square in Salt Lake City, Utah, United States. At 253,015 square feet, it is the largest LDS temple by floor area. Dedicated in 1893, it is the temple completed by the church, requiring 40 years to complete. The Salt Lake Temple is the centerpiece of the 10-acre Temple Square in Salt Lake City, in 1912, the first public photographs of the interior were published in the book The House of the Lord, by James E. Talmage. Since then, various photographs have been published, including by Life magazine in 1938, the temple grounds are open to the public and are a popular tourist attraction. Due to its location at LDS Church headquarters and its historical significance, the Salt Lake Temple is also the location of the weekly meetings of the First Presidency and the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles. As such, there are meeting rooms in the building for these purposes, including the Holy of Holies. The official name of the Salt Lake Temple is also unique, in 1999, as the building of LDS temples accelerated, the church announced a formal naming convention for all existing and future temples. For temples located in the United States and Canada, the name of the temple is generally the city or town in which the temple is located, followed by the name of the state or province. For temples outside of the U. S. and Canada, however, for reasons on which the church did not elaborate, the Salt Lake Temple was made an exception to the new guidelines and was not renamed the Salt Lake City Utah Temple. The temple also includes some elements thought to evoke Solomons Temple at Jerusalem and it is oriented towards Jerusalem and the large basin used as a baptismal font is mounted on the backs of twelve oxen, as was the Molten Sea in Solomons Temple. At the east end of the building, the height of the pinnacle to the base of the angel Moroni is 210 feet, or 120 cubits. The temple is located in downtown Salt Lake City, with mountain peaks close by. Nearby, a stream, City Creek, splits and flows both to the west and to the south, flowing into the Jordan River. There is a wall around the 10-acre temple site, the surrounding wall became the first permanent structure on what has become known as Temple Square. The wall is a uniform 15 feet high but varies in appearance because of the southwest slope of the site. The location for the temple was first marked by Mormon prophet Brigham Young, in 1901 the apostle Anthon H. Lund recorded in his journal that it is said that Oliver Cowderys divining rod was used to located the temple site. The temple site was dedicated on February 14,1853 by Heber C, groundbreaking ceremonies were presided over by Young, who laid the cornerstone on April 6 of that year
Salt Lake Temple
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Salt Lake Temple is the centerpiece of the 10-acre (4.0 ha) Temple Square in Salt Lake City, Utah.
Salt Lake Temple
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Cutaway model showing the interior layout of the temple
Salt Lake Temple
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Granite for temple being quarried at
Little Cottonwood Canyon (1872)
Salt Lake Temple
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One of the original doorknobs of the temple
6.
Salt Lake Tabernacle
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The Salt Lake Tabernacle, also known as the Mormon Tabernacle, is located on Temple Square in Salt Lake City, Utah. The Tabernacle was built from 1864 to 1867 to house meetings for The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, however, because of the growth in the number of conference attendees, general conference was moved to the new and larger LDS Conference Center in 2000. In the October 1999 General Conference, church president Gordon B, Hinckley gave a talk honoring the Tabernacle and introducing the new Conference Center. Now a historic building on Temple Square, the Salt Lake Tabernacle is still used for overflow crowds during general conference, the Tabernacle is the home of the world-renowned Mormon Tabernacle Choir, and was the previous home of the Utah Symphony Orchestra until the construction of Abravanel Hall. It is the historic broadcasting home for the radio and television known as Music. In 2005, the Tabernacle was closed for two years of renovations that greatly increased its ability to withstand earthquakes. It was reopened and rededicated by Hinckley during the Saturday afternoon session of the general conference on March 31,2007. The Museum of Church History and Art opened a display on the Tabernacle as part of the rededication of the historic edifice. The Salt Lake Tabernacle was inspired by an attempt to build a Canvas Tabernacle in Nauvoo, Illinois and this tabernacle was to be situated just to the West of the Nauvoo Temple and was to be oval shaped, much the same as the Salt Lake Tabernacle. However, the Nauvoo edifice was to have amphitheater-style or terraced seating, the Tabernacle was built between 1864 and 1867 on the west center-line axis of the Salt Lake Temple. The roof was constructed in an Ithiel Town lattice-truss arch system that is held together by dowels, the building has a sandstone foundation, and the dome is supported by forty-four sandstone piers. The overall seating capacity of the building is around 7,000, henry Grow, an LDS civil engineer oversaw the initial construction of the Tabernacle, the domed roof being the most innovative portion of the building. Brigham Young, president of the LDS Church at the time, wanted the Tabernacle roof constructed in an elongated dome shape with no interior pillars or posts to obstruct the view for the audience. When Young asked Grow how large a roof he could construct using the style of lattice that he had used on the Remington bridge, Grow replied that it could be 100 feet wide, eventually, Grow engineered the Tabernacle roof to be 150 feet across and 250 feet long. Skeptics insisted that when the scaffolding was removed, the whole roof would collapse. The roof structure was nine feet thick, formed by a Remington lattice truss of timbers pinned together with wooden pegs, green rawhide was wrapped around the timbers so that when the rawhide dried it tightened its grip on the pegs. When the roofs structural work was completed, sheeting was applied on the roof, the interior was lathed and then plastered, the hair of cattle was mixed with the plaster to give it strength. Construction of the Tabernacle began on July 26,1864, Grow rapidly built the roof structure from the center out, but encountered difficulty engineering the semicircular ends of the roof
Salt Lake Tabernacle
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The Tabernacle in December 2008.
Salt Lake Tabernacle
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The Tabernacle in the 1870s
Salt Lake Tabernacle
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The Tabernacle under construction
Salt Lake Tabernacle
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Trusses were bound with wooden pegs and rawhide
7.
Salt Lake Assembly Hall
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The Salt Lake Assembly Hall is one of the buildings owned by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints on the southwest corner of Temple Square in Salt Lake City, Utah. It has seating capacity for an audience of approximately 1,400 people, the Salt Lake Assembly Hall is a Victorian Gothic congregation hall. Rough granite walls are laid out in cruciform style making the exterior look like a small gothic cathedral. Twenty-four spires mark the perimeter of the footprint and a tower rises from the intersection of the floor plans apparent crucifix. The cruciform layout is complemented by Stars of David circumscribed high above each entrance and these symbolize an LDS perception that they are a re-gathering of Biblical Tribes of Israel. However, the deceptively gothic exterior conceals a more modern interior lacking vaulted ceilings, although built of quartz monzonite rock from the same quarry as the Salt Lake City Temple, the Assembly Halls unhewn exterior looks much different. The stones for the Assembly Hall were not cut as exactingly as the Temples and this accounts for the buildings dark, rough texture and the broader masonry joints between stones. Seagull Monument sits directly in front of the building to the east, construction of the Assembly Hall began on August 11,1877. Building began on the southwest corner of Temple Square on the site of what was called the Old Tabernacle, the old structure, an adobe building determined by the Church to be inadequate, was built in 1852 and seated 2500. The Old Tabernacle is not to be confused with the still-extant Salt Lake Tabernacle, the domed Tabernacle sits directly north of the Assembly Hall. During the first two years of construction, the Assembly Hall was confusingly called the new tabernacle, john Taylor, then president of the church, cleared up the confusion by naming it the Salt Lake Assembly Hall in 1879. Obed Taylor was commissioned as architect, and designed the structure in Victorian Gothic style, using mostly discarded granite stone from the ongoing construction of the Salt Lake Temple, builder Henry Grow completed construction in 1882 at a total cost of $90,000. After the Tabernacle, the Assembly Hall was the permanent structure completed on Temple Square. It has been modified several times since completion, however, a four-foot flying-angel weather vane like one that topped the older Nauvoo Temple in Nauvoo, Illinois was removed. Additionally, the ceiling murals depicting ancient and modern prophets in the LDS Church were painted over. The most comprehensive renovations occurred from 1979 to 1983 to correct weaknesses in the buildings tower. While rebuilding the tower, each of the Halls 24 spires were replaced with fiberglass moldings, additionally, all the softwood benches were refinished, and a new 3,489 pipe organ with a German accent was installed. Acoustics in the building were enhanced by installing hundreds of small speakers, currently, the Assembly Hall hosts occasional free weekend music concerts and is filled as overflow for the Churchs Annual and Semiannual General Conferences
Salt Lake Assembly Hall
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Front entrance to the Assembly Hall with the
Seagull Monument in foreground
Salt Lake Assembly Hall
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Detail showing
Star of David
Salt Lake Assembly Hall
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Inside Assembly Hall
Salt Lake Assembly Hall
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Panorama from South Temple Street taken in 1912
8.
Salt Lake City, Utah
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Salt Lake City, often shortened to Salt Lake or SLC, is the capital and the most populous municipality of the U. S. state of Utah. With an estimated population of 190,884 in 2014, the city lies at the core of the Salt Lake City metropolitan area, Salt Lake City is further situated within a larger metropolis known as the Salt Lake City-Ogden-Provo Combined Statistical Area. This region is a corridor of contiguous urban and suburban development stretched along an approximately 120-mile segment of the Wasatch Front and it is one of only two major urban areas in the Great Basin. The city was founded in 1847 by Brigham Young, Isaac Morley, George Washington Bradley and numerous other Mormon followers, who extensively irrigated and cultivated the arid valley. Due to its proximity to the Great Salt Lake, the city was originally named Great Salt Lake City—the word great was dropped from the name in 1868 by the 17th Utah Territorial Legislature. Today, however, less than half the population of Salt Lake City proper are members of the LDS Church. It was traversed by the Lincoln Highway, the first transcontinental highway, in 1913, Salt Lake City has since developed a strong outdoor recreation tourist industry based primarily on skiing, and hosted the 2002 Winter Olympics. It is the banking center of the United States. Before Mormon settlement, the Shoshone, Ute, and Paiute had dwelt in the Salt Lake Valley for thousands of years. The land was treated by the United States as public domain, the first U. S. explorer in the Salt Lake area is believed to be Jim Bridger in 1825, although others had been in Utah earlier, some as far north as the nearby Utah Valley. Frémont surveyed the Great Salt Lake and the Salt Lake Valley in 1843 and 1845, the Donner Party, a group of ill-fated pioneers, had traveled through the Great Salt Lake Valley in August 1846. The first permanent settlements in the date to the arrival of the Latter-day Saints on July 24,1847. Upon arrival at the Salt Lake Valley, president of the church Brigham Young is recorded as stating, This is the right place, Brigham Young claimed to have seen the area in a vision prior to the wagon trains arrival. They found the broad valley empty of any human settlement, four days after arriving in the Salt Lake Valley, Brigham Young designated the building site for the Salt Lake Temple, which would eventually become a famous Mormon and Salt Lake City landmark. The Salt Lake Temple, constructed on the block that would later be called Temple Square, construction started in 1853, and the temple was dedicated on 6 April 1893. The temple has become an icon for the city and serves as its centerpiece, in fact, the southeast corner of Temple Square is the initial point of reference for the Salt Lake Meridian, and for all addresses in the Salt Lake Valley. The Mormon pioneers organized a new state called Deseret and petitioned for its recognition in 1849, the United States Congress rebuffed the settlers in 1850 and established the Utah Territory, vastly reducing its size, and designated Fillmore as its capital city. Great Salt Lake City replaced Fillmore as the capital in 1858
Salt Lake City, Utah
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Clockwise from top: The skyline in July 2011,
Utah State Capitol,
TRAX,
Union Pacific Depot, the
Block U, the
City and County Building, and the
Salt Lake Temple.
Salt Lake City, Utah
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Map showing Salt Lake as
Mexican territory in 1838. Source:
Britannica 7th Ed.
Salt Lake City, Utah
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Part of Main Street 1890
Salt Lake City, Utah
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Men lounging outside saloon & Chinese laundry, 1910
9.
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
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The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints is a Christian restorationist church that is considered by its members to be the restoration of the original church founded by Jesus Christ. The church is headquartered in Salt Lake City, Utah, and has established congregations, according to the church, it has over 70,000 missionaries and a membership of over 15 million. It is ranked by the National Council of Churches as the fourth-largest Christian denomination in the United States and it is the largest denomination in the Latter Day Saint movement founded by Joseph Smith during the period of religious revival known as the Second Great Awakening. Adherents, often referred to as Latter-day Saints, or, less formally, Mormons, view faith in Jesus Christ and his atonement as fundamental principles of their religion. The church has a canon which includes four scriptural texts, the Bible, the Book of Mormon, the Doctrine and Covenants. The current president is Thomas S. Monson, individual members of the church believe that they can also receive personal revelation from God in conducting their lives. The president heads a hierarchical structure with various levels reaching down to local congregations, Bishops, drawn from the laity, lead local congregations. Male members, after reaching age 12, may be ordained to the priesthood, Women do not hold positions within the priesthood, but do occupy leadership roles in some church auxiliary organizations. Both men and women may serve as missionaries, and the church maintains a large missionary program which proselytizes, faithful members adhere to church laws of sexual purity, health, fasting, and Sabbath observance, and contribute ten percent of their income to the church in tithing. The LDS Church was formally organized by Joseph Smith on April 6,1830, Smith intended to establish the New Jerusalem in North America, called Zion. In 1831, the moved to Kirtland, Ohio, and began establishing an outpost in Jackson County, Missouri. However, in 1833, Missouri settlers brutally expelled the Latter Day Saints from Jackson County, the Kirtland era ended in 1838, after a financial scandal rocked the church and caused widespread defections. Smith regrouped with the church in Far West, Missouri. Believing the Saints to be in insurrection, the Missouri governor ordered that the Saints be exterminated or driven from the State, in 1839, the Saints converted a swampland on the banks of the Mississippi River into Nauvoo, Illinois, which became the churchs new headquarters. Nauvoo grew rapidly as missionaries sent to Europe and elsewhere gained new converts who then flooded into Nauvoo, meanwhile, Smith introduced polygamy to his closest associates. He also established ceremonies, which he stated the Lord had revealed to him, to allow people to become gods in the afterlife. He also introduced the church to an accounting of his First Vision. This vision would come to be regarded by the LDS Church as the most important event in history since the resurrection of Jesus
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
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Church members believe that
Joseph Smith was called to be a modern-day prophet through, among other events, a
visitation from
God the Father and
Jesus Christ.
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
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Brigham Young led the LDS Church from 1844 until his death in 1877.
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
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The
Salt Lake Temple, which took 40 years to build, is one of the most iconic images of the church.
10.
Seagull Monument
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The Seagull Monument is a small monument situated immediately in front of the Salt Lake Assembly Hall on Temple Square, in Salt Lake City, Utah. The Monument commemorates what some members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints call the Miracle of the Gulls, in 1848 the Mormon pioneers planted crops for their first spring season in Utah. As the crops ripened, Mormon crickets descended upon the farms from the foothills east of the valley, according to traditional account, the harvest was saved by flocks of native seagulls which devoured the crickets. This event, popularly called the Miracle of the Gulls, is remembered by Latter-day Saints as a miracle, the incident is somewhat controversial in nature with some historians questioning the credibility of the account. To celebrate the role played in the pioneers first year in Utah. The top of the monument is a statue of two insect-devouring seagulls cast by sculptor Mahonri M. Young, who designed the monument. Young studied in France, and was grandson of LDS leader Brigham Young, the monument was dedicated October 1,1913, by LDS Church president Joseph F. Smith. The Seagull Monument is believed to be the first monument dedicated to birds, the California gull is now the Utah State bird. The monument is featured in the 1940 film, Brigham Young Media related to Seagull Monument at Wikimedia Commons An on-line tour of Temple Square from allaboutmormons. com
Seagull Monument
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Seagull Monument, Salt Lake City Temple Square.
Assembly Hall in background.
Seagull Monument
–
The bronze seagulls atop the monument.
11.
History of Utah
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The History of Utah is an examination of the human history and social activity within the state of Utah located in the western United States. Archaeological evidence dates the earliest habitation of Native Americans in Utah to about 10,000 to 12,000 years ago, paleolithic people lived near the Great Basins swamps and marshes, which had an abundance of fish, birds, and small game animals. Big game, including bison, mammoths and ground sloths, also were attracted to water sources. Over the centuries, the d, this population was replaced by the Desert Archaic people. Relying more on gathering than the previous Utah residents, their diet was composed of cattails and other salt tolerant plants such as pickleweed, burro weed. Red meat appears to have more of a luxury, although these people used nets. Artifacts include nets woven with plant fibers and rabbit skin, woven sandals, gaming sticks, about 3,500 years ago, lake levels rose and the population of Desert Archaic people appears to have dramatically decreased. The Great Basin may have been almost unoccupied for 1,000 years, the Fremont culture, named from sites near the Fremont River in Utah, lived in what is now north and western Utah and parts of Nevada, Idaho and Colorado from approximately 600 to 1300 AD. These people lived in close to water sources that had been previously occupied by the Desert Archaic people. However, their use of new technologies define them as a distinct people, the ancient Puebloan culture, also known as the Anasazi, occupied territory adjacent to the Fremont. The ancestral Puebloan culture centered on the present-day Four Corners area of the Southwest United States, archaeologists debate when this distinct culture emerged, but cultural development seems to date from about the common era, about 500 years before the Fremont appeared. It is generally accepted that the peak of these people was around the 1200 CE. Ancient Puebloan culture is known for well constructed pithouses and more elaborate adobe and they were excellent craftsmen, producing turquoise jewelry and fine pottery. The Puebloan culture was based on agriculture, and the created and cultivated fields of maize, beans. They designed and produced elaborate field terracing and irrigation systems and they also built structures, some known as kivas, apparently designed solely for cultural and religious rituals. These two later cultures were contemporaneous, and appear to have established trading relationships. They also shared enough cultural traits that archaeologists believe the cultures may have roots in the early American Southwest. However, each remained culturally distinct throughout most of their history and these two well established cultures appear to have been severely impacted by climatic change and perhaps by the incursion of new people in about 1200 CE
History of Utah
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location where the Mormons entered the Salt Lake Valley in 1847, now the
This Is The Place Monument and Deseret Village
History of Utah
–
American avocet in Great Basin wetland environment (
Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge)
History of Utah
–
Fremont petroglyph,
Dinosaur National Monument
History of Utah
–
Hovenweep Castle,
San Juan River basin
12.
Mormon pioneer
–
At the time of the ceasefire and planning of the exodus in 1846, the territory was owned by the Republic of Mexico, which soon after went to war with the United States over the annexation of Texas. Salt Lake Valley became American territory as a result of this war and these and other reasons caused the body of the Church to move from one place to another--to Ohio, Missouri, and then to Illinois, where church members built the city of Nauvoo. Sidney Rigdon was the First Counselor in the LDS First Presidency, and as its spokesman, Rigdon preached several sermons in Missouri, including the Salt Sermon. These speeches have sometimes seen as contributing to the conflict known as the 1838 Mormon War in Missouri. As a result of the conflict, the Mormons were expelled from the state by Governor Boggs, Rigdon was released on a writ of habeas corpus and made his way to Illinois, where he joined the main body of Mormon refugees in 1839. In 1844 Joseph Smith, and his brother Hyrum Smith were killed by a mob while in custody in the city of Carthage, in 1846, religious tensions reached their peak, and in 1848 mobs burned the Latter-day Saint temple in Nauvoo. During the winter of 1846-47, Latter-day Saint leaders in Winter Quarters and Iowa laid plans for the migration of the number of Saints, their equipment. It was here that Brigham Young first met Thomas L. Kane, Kane obtained permission for the Mormons to winter on Indian territory, and the site was originally called Kanesville. Brigham Young continued to trust Kane throughout his own lifetime, particularly as an intermediary with the often hostile Federal government and this major undertaking was a significant test of leadership capability and the existing administrative network of the recently restructured Church. For his role in the migration, Brigham Young is sometimes referred to as the American Moses. The wary Young insisted the Mormons should settle in a no one else wanted. The initial company would select and break the trail with the expectation that later pioneers would maintain. It was hoped that the group could, wherever possible, establish fords and ferries, in late February, plans were made to gather portable boats, maps, scientific instruments, farm implements and seeds. Techniques for irrigating crops were investigated, a new route on the north side of the Platte River was chosen to avoid major interaction with travelers using the established Oregon Trail on the river’s south side. Given the needs of the volume of Saints who would travel west, Church leaders decided to avoid potential conflicts over grazing rights, water access. In April 1847, Young consulted with members of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles who had returned from the British mission. John Taylor, Parley P. Pratt and Orson Hyde brought money contributed by the English Saints, fremont’s recent western expedition, and instruments for calculating latitude, elevation, temperature and barometric pressure. Chosen members of the group were gathered together, final supplies were packed
Mormon pioneer
–
The Handcart Pioneer Monument, by
Torleif S. Knaphus, located on
Temple Square in Salt Lake City, Utah
Mormon pioneer
–
This painting by Duncan McFarlane, shows the ship Brooklyn off Skerries Reef, which is off the north coast of Anglesey, North Wales.
Mormon pioneer
–
The
Mormon Pioneer Memorial Monument in
Salt Lake City
13.
Salt Lake Valley
–
Salt Lake Valley is a 500-square-mile valley in Salt Lake County in the north-central portion of the U. S. state of Utah. It contains Salt Lake City and many of its suburbs, notably Murray, Sandy, South Jordan, West Jordan, brigham Young said this is the place, when he and his fellow settlers moved into Utah after being driven out of several states. The Valley is surrounded in every direction except the northwest by steep mountains that at points rise 7,100 feet from the valley floors base elevation. Every entrance into the valley is narrow and often congested. Flowing from Utah Lake in Utah Valley in the south, the Jordan River runs north through a gap in the Traverse Mountains, the Jordan River, along with numerous mountain streams and reservoirs, provides irrigation water to the rapidly growing Valley. This southwestern expansion is typified and will be facilitated by the Mountain View Corridor, some experts are claiming that the Valley will be urbanized rim-to-rim within the next 50 years. The first development, known as the Daybreak Community, has substantial portions already completed and it will focus on transit-oriented development (it already has service by TRAX light rail and will also feature a ski resort in the Oquirrh Mountains and a university campus. The Interstate 215 belt route, State Route 154, State Route 201, the Utah Transit Authority operates an extensive bus system across the Wasatch Front, including the Salt Lake Valley, in addition to three light rail lines in the Valley. A commuter rail line known as FrontRunner runs north to Pleasant View in Weber County, mormon Trail Salt Lake County, Utah
Salt Lake Valley
–
A portion of the Salt Lake Valley with Oquirrh Mountains in the background as seen looking southwest from City Creek Canyon.
Salt Lake Valley
–
Salt Lake Valley from space.
Salt Lake Valley
–
Greatest vertical relief in the valley. Twin Peaks has a rise of 7099 ft or 2164 m from the valley floor.
14.
President of the Church (LDS Church)
–
In The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, the President of the Church is the highest office of the church. It was the held by Joseph Smith, founder of the church. The President of the LDS Church is the leader and the head of the First Presidency. Latter-day Saints consider the president of the church to be a prophet, seer, and revelator, and refer to him as the Prophet, when the name of the president is used by adherents, it is usually prefaced by the title President. The President of the Church serves as the head of both the Council on the Disposition of the Tithes and the Council of the Church, the President of the Church also serves as the ex officio chairman of the Church Boards of Trustees/Education. The concept that the Church of Christ would have a single presiding officer arose in late 1831, initially, after the churchs formation on April 6,1830, Joseph Smith referred to himself as an apostle of Jesus Christ, and elder of the church. However, there was another apostle—Oliver Cowdery—and several other elders of the church, for he receiveth them even as Moses. This established Smiths exclusive right to lead the church, in early June 1831, Smith was ordained to the high priesthood, along with twenty-two other men, including prominent figures in the church such as Hyrum Smith, Parley P. Pratt, and Martin Harris. As high priests, these men were higher in the hierarchy than the elders of the church. However, it was unclear whether Smiths and Cowderys callings as apostles gave them superior authority to that of other high priests. And again the duty of the President of the priesthood is to preside over the whole church. Smith was ordained to this position and sustained by the church on January 25,1832, at a conference in Amherst, in 1835, the Articles and Covenants of the Church of Christ were revised, changing the phrase an. Elder of the church to the first elder of this Church, thus, subsequent to 1835, Smith was sometimes referred to as the First Elder of the church. The 1835 revision also added a verse referring to the office of president of the high priesthood, in 1844, while in jail awaiting trial for treason charges, Joseph Smith was killed by an armed mob. Hyrum Smith, his successor, was killed in the same incident. Smith had not indisputably established who was next in line as successor to President of the Church, several claimants to the role of church president emerged during the succession crisis that ensued. Young would not be ordained President of the Church until December 1847, thomas S. Monson is the 16th and current President of the LDS Church. As president, Monson is considered by adherents of the religion to be a prophet, seer, a printer by trade, Monson has spent most of his life engaged in various church leadership positions and in public service
President of the Church (LDS Church)
–
Thomas S. Monson, 16th President of
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
President of the Church (LDS Church)
–
Joseph Smith, the founder of the
Latter-day Saint movement
President of the Church (LDS Church)
–
Henry B. Eyring First Counselor
President of the Church (LDS Church)
–
Dieter F. Uchtdorf Second Counselor
15.
Brigham Young
–
Brigham Young was an American leader in the Latter Day Saint movement and a settler of the Western United States. He was the second President of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints from 1847 until his death in 1877 and he founded Salt Lake City and he served as the first governor of the Utah Territory. Young also led the foundings of the precursors to the University of Utah, Young was dubbed by his followers the Lion of the Lord for his bold personality and was also commonly called Brother Brigham by Latter-day Saints. Young was a polygamist and was involved in controversies regarding black people and the Priesthood, the Utah War, and the Mountain Meadows massacre. Young was born to John Young and Abigail Nabby Howe, a family in Whitingham, Vermont. Young was first married in 1824 to Miriam Angeline Works, though he had converted to the Methodist faith in 1823, Young was drawn to Mormonism after reading the Book of Mormon shortly after its publication in 1830. He officially joined the new church in 1832 and traveled to Upper Canada as a missionary, after his wife died in 1832, Young joined many Mormons in establishing a community in Kirtland, Ohio. In 1844, while in jail awaiting trial for treason charges, Joseph Smith, several claimants to the role of church president emerged during the succession crisis that ensued. Young opposed this reasoning and motion, the majority in attendance were persuaded that the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles was to lead the church with Young as the Quorums president. Many of Youngs followers would later reminisce that while Young spoke to the congregation, he looked or sounded exactly like Smith, Young was ordained President of the Church in December 1847, three and a half years after Smiths death. Rigdon became the president of a church organization based in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Repeated conflict led Young to relocate his group of Latter-day Saints to the Salt Lake Valley, Young organized the journey that would take the Mormon pioneers to Winter Quarters, Nebraska, in 1846, then to the Salt Lake Valley. By the time Young arrived at the destination, it had come under American control as a result of war with Mexico. Young arrived in the Salt Lake Valley on July 24,1847, Youngs expedition was one of the largest and one of the best organized westward treks. On August 22,29 days after arriving in the Salt Lake Valley, after three years of leading the church as the President of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, Young reorganized a new First Presidency and was declared president of the church on December 27,1847. As colonizer and founder of Salt Lake City, Young was appointed the territorys first governor, during his time as prophet, Young directed the establishment of settlements throughout present-day Utah, Idaho, Arizona, Nevada, California and parts of southern Colorado and northern Mexico. Young was also one of the first to subscribe to Union Pacific stock, Young organized the first legislature and established Fillmore as the territorys first capital. Young organized a Board of Regents to establish a university in the Salt Lake Valley and it was established on February 28,1850, as the University of Deseret, its name was eventually changed to the University of Utah
Brigham Young
–
Brigham Young
c. 1870
Brigham Young
–
The five sons of John and Nabby Young From left to right: Lorenzo Dow, Brigham,
Phineas H.,
Joseph, and John.
Brigham Young
–
For other uses, see
Brigham Young (disambiguation).
Brigham Young
–
A Mormon polygamist family in 1888.
16.
Salt Lake City Temple
–
The Salt Lake Temple is a temple of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints located on Temple Square in Salt Lake City, Utah, United States. At 253,015 square feet, it is the largest LDS temple by floor area. Dedicated in 1893, it is the temple completed by the church, requiring 40 years to complete. The Salt Lake Temple is the centerpiece of the 10-acre Temple Square in Salt Lake City, in 1912, the first public photographs of the interior were published in the book The House of the Lord, by James E. Talmage. Since then, various photographs have been published, including by Life magazine in 1938, the temple grounds are open to the public and are a popular tourist attraction. Due to its location at LDS Church headquarters and its historical significance, the Salt Lake Temple is also the location of the weekly meetings of the First Presidency and the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles. As such, there are meeting rooms in the building for these purposes, including the Holy of Holies. The official name of the Salt Lake Temple is also unique, in 1999, as the building of LDS temples accelerated, the church announced a formal naming convention for all existing and future temples. For temples located in the United States and Canada, the name of the temple is generally the city or town in which the temple is located, followed by the name of the state or province. For temples outside of the U. S. and Canada, however, for reasons on which the church did not elaborate, the Salt Lake Temple was made an exception to the new guidelines and was not renamed the Salt Lake City Utah Temple. The temple also includes some elements thought to evoke Solomons Temple at Jerusalem and it is oriented towards Jerusalem and the large basin used as a baptismal font is mounted on the backs of twelve oxen, as was the Molten Sea in Solomons Temple. At the east end of the building, the height of the pinnacle to the base of the angel Moroni is 210 feet, or 120 cubits. The temple is located in downtown Salt Lake City, with mountain peaks close by. Nearby, a stream, City Creek, splits and flows both to the west and to the south, flowing into the Jordan River. There is a wall around the 10-acre temple site, the surrounding wall became the first permanent structure on what has become known as Temple Square. The wall is a uniform 15 feet high but varies in appearance because of the southwest slope of the site. The location for the temple was first marked by Mormon prophet Brigham Young, in 1901 the apostle Anthon H. Lund recorded in his journal that it is said that Oliver Cowderys divining rod was used to located the temple site. The temple site was dedicated on February 14,1853 by Heber C, groundbreaking ceremonies were presided over by Young, who laid the cornerstone on April 6 of that year
Salt Lake City Temple
–
Salt Lake Temple is the centerpiece of the 10-acre (4.0 ha) Temple Square in Salt Lake City, Utah.
Salt Lake City Temple
–
Cutaway model showing the interior layout of the temple
Salt Lake City Temple
–
Granite for temple being quarried at
Little Cottonwood Canyon (1872)
Salt Lake City Temple
–
One of the original doorknobs of the temple
17.
Tabernacle (LDS Church)
–
In the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, a tabernacle is a multipurpose religious building, used for church services and conferences, and as community centers. Tabernacles were typically built as endeavors of multiple congregations, usually at the stake level and they differ from meetinghouses in scale and differ from temples in purpose. There were 79 total tabernacles built during the nineteenth and early twentieth century. The largest such tabernacle is in Salt Lake City on Temple Square, the last tabernacle commissioned by the church was the Ogden Stake Tabernacle, built in the 1950s. While some tabernacles are still used for a few ecclesiastical and community cultural activities, many tabernacles have been demolished, sold, or renovated and repurposed into temples. Prior to 2000, the Salt Lake Tabernacle on Temple Square was used twice a year for the general conferences. In April 2000, the conferences moved one block north to the LDS Conference Center, media related to Tabernacles of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints at Wikimedia Commons
Tabernacle (LDS Church)
–
The
Salt Lake Tabernacle, home of the
Mormon Tabernacle Choir ca. 1870
18.
Endowment House
–
The Endowment House was an early building used by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints to administer temple ordinances in Salt Lake City, Utah Territory. When this arrangement proved impractical, Brigham Young directed Truman O. Angell, architect of the Salt Lake Temple, completed in 1855, the building was dedicated by Heber C. Kimball and came to be called the Endowment House after the endowment ceremonies that were conducted inside it, the Endowment House stood on the northwest corner of Temple Square. Initially, it was an adobe building,44 by 34 feet. In 1856, another extension was added on its south side, inside, the Endowment House was the first building designed specifically for administering temple rituals. Earlier buildings used for such purposes—such as Joseph Smith’s Red Brick Store in Nauvoo, the Nauvoo Temple, and the Council House—only had temporary canvas partitions. The Endowment House had the typical ordinance rooms found in some later Mormon temples, a room, a garden room, a world room, a celestial room. In 1856, William Ward painted the walls of the room to represent the Garden of Eden. It was one of the first buildings in Utah to have indoor bathrooms, the Endowment House was used primarily for performing temple ordinances. From 1857 to 1876 the baptismal font was used to perform 134,053 baptisms for the dead, between 1855 and 188454,170 persons received their washings and anointings and endowments. Between 1855 and 188968,767 couples were sealed in marriage—31,052 for the living and 37,715 for the dead, mormons did not consider the Endowment House a temple, so they did not perform all temple ordinances in it. Brigham Young explained, “We can, at the present time, go into the Endowment House and be baptized for our dead, receive our washings and anointings and we also have the privilege of sealing women to men without a Temple. They cannot be done without a temple”, hence, there were no sealing of children nor endowments for the dead performed in the Endowment House. These ordinances were first administered in Utah’s first temple, in St. George, in response, church leaders ceased performing new plural marriages. In October 1889, Wilford Woodruff, President of the Church, after discussing the matter with the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, he ordered the building razed without delay. The Salt Lake Tribune, in its issue dated November 17,1889, by the end of the month all trace of the Endowment House was gone. Some two years later, Woodruff issued the 1890 Manifesto, officially ending the Mormon practice of polygamy, the Endowment House at Salt Lake City may not have been the only non-temple structure used for administering temple ordinances in Utah. One of these is a known as the Endowment House in Spring City, Utah
Endowment House
–
The Endowment House that stood on Temple Square, Salt Lake City, Utah.
Endowment House
–
Building currently known as the "Endowment House", Spring City, Utah.
19.
Mormon Tabernacle Choir
–
The Mormon Tabernacle Choir, sometimes colloquially referred to as MoTab or Tab Choir, is a 360-member, all-volunteer choir. The choir is part of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, the Mormon Tabernacle Choir is a 360 piece choir named after the Salt Lake Tabernacle. The choir has performed in the Tabernacle for over a hundred years, the Tabernacle houses an organ consisting of 11,623 pipes. The choir is accompanied by it. An orchestra or a cappella singing is used as well, prospective singers must be LDS Church members who are eligible for a temple recommend, be between 25 and 55 years of age at the start of choir service, and live within 100 miles of Temple Square. The choir was founded in August 1847, one month after the Mormon pioneers entered the Salt Lake Valley, the Tabernacle was completed in 1867 and the choir held its first concert there on July 4,1873. The choir started out small and rather undisciplined. In 1869, George Careless was appointed as the choirs conductor, under Careless, the first large choir was assembled by adding smaller choral groups to the main Salt Lake Choir. This larger choir, just over 300, sang at the churchs October 1873 general conference and it was at this point that the choir began to match the size of the spacious Tabernacle. On September 1,1910, the choir sang the song, Let the Mountains shout for Joy, three hundred of the 600 members showed up for the recording. Since July 15,1929, the choir has performed a radio broadcast called Music & the Spoken Word. Later directors brought more solid vocal training and worked to raise the standards of the choir, the choir also began improving as an ensemble and increased its repertoire from around one hundred songs to nearly a thousand. In July 1929, the choir performed its first radio broadcast of Music & the Spoken Word, by 1950, the Mormon Tabernacle Choir performed numerous concerts each year and had released its first long-playing recording. During the 1950s, the choir made its first tour of Europe, later directors of the choir continued to hone and refine the choirs sound. At the end of the choirs 4, 165th live broadcast on July 12,2009, the shows host, Lloyd D. Newell, announced another milestone that the show had hit, the completion of its 80th year in existence. The show has been televised since the early 1960s and is now broadcast worldwide through approximately 1,500 radio, since its establishment, the Mormon Tabernacle Choir has performed and recorded extensively, not only in the United States but around the world. The following are some of its milestones, Visited 28 countries outside the United States, performed at 13 World’s Fairs and Expositions. Released more than 130 musical compilations and several films and videotapes, the Mormon Tabernacle Choir has performed for ten presidents of the United States beginning with William Howard Taft
Mormon Tabernacle Choir
–
The Choir and
Orchestra at Temple Square performing on December 3, 2005, in the LDS Conference Center under the direction of
Craig Jessop
Mormon Tabernacle Choir
–
Mormon Tabernacle Choir
20.
General Conference (LDS Church)
–
General Conference is a gathering of members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, held biannually every April and October at the LDS Conference Center in Salt Lake City, Utah. During each conference, members of the church gather in a series of sessions to listen to sermons from church leaders. It consists of six sessions, including a womens session held a week prior to the other sessions, four general sessions. Private training meetings for general and area leaders of the church are also conducted, while originating from Salt Lake City, General Conference is considered an international event for the church. The sessions are broadcast worldwide in over 90 languages, primarily local and international media outlets. In the LDS Church, general conference is a series of meetings where general authorities and other church leaders preach sermons. Changes to church leadership are also proposed and sustained through the principle of common consent, General conferences are held on the weekends of the first Sundays in April and October. The April conference is known as the Annual General Conference, with the October conference referred to as the Semiannual General Conference, the April conference includes annual statistical and financial audit reports not included in the October meeting. Since October 1848, all of the conferences have been held in Salt Lake City, Utah, with the exception of the April 1877 conference, which was held in St. George, Utah. Historically, General Conference was held three days, with the annual conference always including April 6, the anniversary of the churchs organization. This made conference participation difficult for those with work and school commitments when April 6 fell on a weekday, in April 1977, during Spencer W. Kimballs presidency, changes were made to reduce the conference to the Saturday and Sunday of a weekend. Each conference currently consists of six sessions, four sessions, a priesthood session for males. General sessions commence at 10 a. m. and 2 p. m. on Saturday and Sunday, open to all church members, at 6 p. m. on Saturday the Priesthood session is held for men and boys who hold the churchs priesthood. The main and priesthood sessions of general conference last for two hours, with the womens meetings traditionally lasting about 90 minutes. In November 2013, church leadership announced that beginning in 2014 these meetings for women would be replaced by a semiannual General Womens Meeting for those eight years of age and older. In October 2014, the First Presidency announced that it has decided that the General Womens Meeting will be designated as the General Womens Session of general conference. Tickets to the conference are free of charge and church members can obtain them either from local leaders or by writing to church headquarters, due to demand, the church often restricts the number of separate session tickets issued to attendees. Standby tickets are available, as frequently many ticket holders are not able to attend
General Conference (LDS Church)
–
Annual General Conference Semiannual General Conference
General Conference (LDS Church)
–
The LDS Church's
Conference Center in
Salt Lake City
General Conference (LDS Church)
–
Crowd on
Temple Square in between sessions of conference.
21.
Seating capacity
–
Seating capacity is the number of people who can be seated in a specific space, in terms of both the physical space available, and limitations set by law. Seating capacity can be used in the description of anything ranging from an automobile that seats two to a stadium that seats hundreds of thousands of people. The International Fire Code, portions of which have adopted by many jurisdictions, is directed more towards the use of a facility than the construction. It specifies, For areas having fixed seating without dividing arms and it also requires that every public venue submit a detailed site plan to the local fire code official, including details of the means of egress, seating capacity, arrangement of the seating. Once safety considerations have been satisfied, determinations of seating capacity turn on the size of the venue. For sports venues, the decision on maximum seating capacity is determined by several factors, chief among these are the primary sports program and the size of the market area. Seating capacity of venues also plays a role in what media they are able to provide, in contracting to permit performers to use a theatre or other performing space, the seating capacity of the performance facility must be disclosed. Seating capacity may influence the kind of contract to be used, the seating capacity must also be disclosed to the copyright owner in seeking a license for the copyrighted work to be performed in that venue. Venues that may be leased for private functions such as ballrooms and auditoriums generally advertise their seating capacity, seating capacity is also an important consideration in the construction and use of sports venues such as stadiums and arenas. The seating capacity for restaurants is reported as covers, a restaurant that can seat 99 is said to have 99 covers, seating capacity differs from total capacity, which describes the total number of people who can fit in a venue or in a vehicle either sitting or standing. Use of the term public capacity indicates that a venue is allowed to more people than it can actually seat. Again, the total number of people can refer to either the physical space available or limitations set by law
Seating capacity
–
The
Indianapolis Motor Speedway has the largest seating capacity of any venue in the world.
Seating capacity
–
An aerial view of the
Melbourne Cricket Ground during the 1992
Cricket World Cup final packed with 90,000 people.
22.
Church Administration Building
–
Completed in 1917, the building is adjacent to Temple Square, between the Joseph Smith Memorial Building and the Lion House, on South Temple Drive. It differs from the Church Office Building in that it is smaller and furnishes offices for the First Presidency. It also houses offices for general authorities and their personal staff. Only church officials and their guests are permitted to enter, the CAB has been used for meetings between church leaders and political and community leaders. The building is overseen by the Church Security Department, only employees, church officers. A variety of events have held at the CAB, as well as receiving distinguished visitors. It is also a tradition that funeral processions of past LDS Church presidents pass in front of the Church Administration Building, the building has hosted visitors including Michelle Obama and George W. Bush. The Mt. Nebo Marble Company supplied marble and travertine for the interior of the CAB, twenty-four ionic columns form a colonnade around the structure, each weighing eight tons. The buildings exterior is constructed from 4,517 granite blocks, LDS Church portal Richardson, Matthew O. A House for the Presidency, The History of the Church Administration Building, Salt Lake City, The Place Which God Prepared. Provo, Salt Lake City, Religious Studies Center, Brigham Young University, the Latter-day Saints Church Office Building. Salt Lake City, Genealogical Society of Utah, 49–60, the Latter-day Saints Church Office Building. Salt Lake City, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, fiftieth Anniversary of the Church Office Building. Salt Lake City, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, media related to Church Administration Building at Wikimedia Commons Church Administration Building on Facebook
Church Administration Building
–
Church Administration Building
Church Administration Building
–
George W. Bush (right) meets with
church president,
Gordon B. Hinckley (left), and his colleagues on August 31, 2006, in the Church Administration Building.
23.
LDS Church Office Building
–
The building is 420 ft tall at roof level and is located within the Temple Square complex on the corner of North Temple and State Street. The building was designed by George Cannon Young at a cost of US$31 million to build, construction took place from 1962 to 1972. Upon its completion, LDS Church leadership centralized the offices of the church in this location, the lobby of the building is dominated by a massive mural depicting the Great Commission. The lobby also features a statue honoring Mormon pioneer sacrifices, which depicts a husband, the inscription reads, That the struggles, sacrifices and the sufferings of the faithful pioneers and the cause they represented shall never be forgotten. The first four floors of the building expand outward, to the west and east, the north side of each of these wings are without windows, each having stone facades, with large ovals containing relief maps of the two hemispheres of the earth. The buildings northern facade is marked by a blank wall in the center, indicating the buildings elevator and service core. This central part of the tower rises two floors above the deck at the 26th floor, and protrudes outward slightly on the southern side. Visitors can also take a tour of the gardens surrounding the building. The gardens are redesigned every six months, and feature an array of exotic plants
LDS Church Office Building
–
LDS Church Office Building
24.
Joseph Smith Memorial Building
–
Originally the Hotel Utah, the Joseph Smith Memorial Building was later named in honor of Joseph Smith, the founder of the Latter Day Saint movement. It is located on the corner of Main Street and South Temple in Salt Lake City and it is now a social center with three restaurants, The Roof Restaurant, The Garden Restaurant and The Nauvoo Cafe. It is also a venue for events complete with 13 banquet rooms, catering services, event coordinators, several levels of the building also serve as administrative offices for LDS Church departments such as FamilySearch. On January 3,1978, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places as the Hotel Utah, the corner of Main Street and South Temple has long been important in Utah history. Work on the Second Renaissance Revival style hotel, designed by the Los Angeles architectural firm of Parkinson and Bergstrom, two years later, on June 9,1911, the Hotel Utah opened for business. While the LDS Church was the primary stockholder, many Mormon and non-Mormon community, the largest and finest bar in the West in the basement of the Hotel to pay off a $2M construction loan. The financing was secured by Presiding Bishop Charles W. Nibley, but the scheme obviously required the sales of hard liquor. The ten-story building has a concrete and steel structure and is covered with glazed terra cotta. Various additions and remodelings have occurred throughout the years, including an expansion to the north. It was featured in the 1973 film Harry in Your Pocket starring James Coburn, the building ceased operations as a hotel in August 1987. A major remodeling and adaptive reuse project to both community and church functions was completed in 1993. Hinckley chose the name when he observed there were many monuments to pioneer leader and Utah founder Brigham Young. 2011 marked the celebration of 100 years since construction was completed on the Hotel Utah. The LDS Church now uses this building as follows, A large, historical, ornately decorated multi-story lobby, featuring a white statue of Joseph Smith. Live classical music is performed here as background. The FamilySearch center, where the public can use the computers and materials to do family history research. The Legacy Theater, where the public can enjoy inspirational regularly scheduled free showings of various church-produced movies, the theater originally showed Legacy, A Mormon Journey and more recently has shown Joseph Smith, Prophet of the Restoration. Two restaurants, The Roof and The Garden, on the top floor, interior levels of the building house various church administrative departments, including those supporting the worldwide family history centers, and other activities
Joseph Smith Memorial Building
–
Hotel Utah
Joseph Smith Memorial Building
–
Hotel Utah, 1925.
Joseph Smith Memorial Building
–
The chapel in the Joseph Smith Memorial Building.
25.
LDS Conference Center
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The Conference Center, located in Salt Lake City, Utah, is the premier meeting hall for The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. It is believed to be the largest theater-style auditorium ever built, the 1.4 million square foot Conference Center seats 21,200 people in its main auditorium. The auditorium is large enough to hold two Boeing 747s side by side, all seats in the audience have an unobstructed view of the pulpit because the roof is held up by radial trusses. The balcony is supported by a series of 34 cantilevers and this construction method allows the balcony to sink 5⁄8 inch under full capacity. Behind the podium is a 7, 667-pipe and 130-rank Schoenstein pipe organ, underground is a parking garage that can hold 1,400 cars. A modernist, three-story chandelier hangs in a skylight in the interior of the building, a waterfall descends from the spire. The waterfall utilizes water from a spring found underneath the building during construction. City Creek flows in a riverbed, complementing the Conference Center. On the third floor of the Conference Center there are busts of current and past presidents of the church and photographs of LDS leaders, photographs of female LDS leaders were added in 2014. Because the building sits near the base of Salt Lake Citys Capitol Hill, the roof is landscaped for attractiveness, about 3 acres of grass and hundreds of trees have been planted on the roof. Twenty-one native grasses were employed to conserve water and showcase local foliage, the landscaping is meant to echo the mountains and meadows of Utah. Attached to the building on the northwest corner is the 900-seat Conference Center Theater that can be used as a dedicated theater or as an overflow room. The designs were solicited by LDS Church architect Leland Gray in the early 1990s, Hinckley was then a counselor in the First Presidency, but became President of the Church in 1995. The LDS Church originally sought a 26, 000-seat building no more than 75 feet high in accord with zoning regulations for the LDS Church-owned 10 acre block immediately north of Temple Square, Hinckley publicly announced the project in the April 1996 general conference. The final plans, completed in late 1996, featured 21,200 seats in the hall with 905 in the side theater. Contracting for the building was done by three Salt Lake City firms, Jacobsen, Layton, and Okland construction companies which submitted a joint bid in order to compete with national firms, the companies jointly operated under the name Legacy Constructors after winning the contract in late 1996. Demolition of existing LDS Church properties on the site began May 1997, deseret Gym—a YMCA-like gymnasium—and a Mormon Handicraft store had to be razed for the project. Ground was broken July 24,1997 and this date coincided with the 150th anniversary of Mormon pioneers entering the Salt Lake Valley, an event celebrated in Utah as Pioneer Day
LDS Conference Center
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Conference Center interior looking towards the rostrum and
organ.
LDS Conference Center
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View of Conference Center
spire taken from the south, from North Temple St.,
Salt Lake City
LDS Conference Center
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The Conference Center Theater
LDS Conference Center
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Conference Center from its southwest corner
26.
Family History Library
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The Family History Library is a genealogical research facility in downtown Salt Lake City. The library is open to the free of charge and is operated by FamilySearch. The origins of the Family History Library can be traced to the founding of the Genealogical Society of Utah in 1894. Through time the Library has changed locations within Salt Lake City as follows, south Temple Street Church Administration Building 47 E. Main Street Church Office Building 50 E. North Temple Street 35 N, west Temple Street The current library building, just west of Temple Square was opened on October 23,1985, and cost $8.2 million. In 1938 the Genealogical Society of Utah began to microfilm records which contained genealogical data from around the world, today the Genealogical Society of Utah is more commonly known as FamilySearch, and is currently working on digitizing many of its microfilm collections to be shared online. Its main purpose is to one of the LDS Church fundamental tenets. These ordinances are performed in temples, as its collection has grown, however, more individuals throughout the world are using the collection to research their ancestry and chart their genealogy. The library is in Salt Lake City, Utah, where the headquarters of the LDS Church are located and it is the largest genealogical library in the world and is open to the general public at no charge. The library holds genealogical records for over 110 countries, territories and its collections include over 1.6 million rolls of microfilmed records onsite and access the total collection of more than 2. The library offers research assistance to help patrons trace their own family history, professional genealogists and volunteers offer assistance in about 30 languages, which includes reading and translating genealogically relevant documents. The library also offers free one-on-one consultations on difficult research problems, additionally, there are classes on genealogical research topics free to the public and classes available online. Free family history research advice and information are offered online at the FamilySearch Research Wiki, the library is in the process of digitizing much of its microfilm collection. An online index to some of the records is also being created, volunteers to the project are now being actively solicited at FamilySearchIndexing. org. The searchable database containing the images and index will be available through the churchs FamilySearch website. The Pilot Site version may be accessed at http, //search. labs. familysearch. org/recordsearch/start. html Branches of the library are called Family History Centers. While there are over 4,400 family history centers operating in more than 134 countries there are only about 17 major regional branch library class facilities, the others are ward, branch and stake facilities with at least one or more genealogical computers. For details, see Family History Center, most of the microfilms in the main librarys collection can be loaned to a family history center for a nominal charge
Family History Library
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Entrance to the Library
27.
Church History Museum
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The Church History Museum is the premier museum operated by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. It is located in Salt Lake City, Utah, and is opposite the west gates of the churchs Temple Square, until November 2008, it was called the Museum of Church History and Art. The museum closed in October 2014 for a refurbishment and remodeling of the first-floor exhibits. The museum has collections of art, artifacts, documents, photographs, tools, clothing, the Museum Store was founded along with the museum to support the many exhibits and programs. The Store also sells historical toys, literature, statuary, and pioneer-era clothing, a major instigator of the creation of the church museum was Florence S. Jacobsen, a church curator and a former general president of the Young Women organization of the church. It was dedicated and opened on April 4,1984, the Church History Museum is open six days a week. The Museum Store is closed Sundays
Church History Museum
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Church History Museum
28.
Grand Canyon
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The Grand Canyon is a steep-sided canyon carved by the Colorado River in the U. S. state of Arizona in North America. President Theodore Roosevelt was a proponent of preservation of the Grand Canyon area. The Grand Canyon is 277 miles long, up to 18 miles wide, since that time, the Colorado River has driven the down-cutting of the tributaries and retreat of the cliffs, simultaneously deepening and widening the canyon. For thousands of years, the area has been inhabited by Native Americans. The Pueblo people considered the Grand Canyon a holy site, the first European known to have viewed the Grand Canyon was García López de Cárdenas from Spain, who arrived in 1540. It is not the deepest canyon in the world, however, the Grand Canyon is known for its visually overwhelming size and its intricate and colorful landscape. Geologically, it is significant because of the sequence of ancient rocks that are well preserved and exposed in the walls of the canyon. These rock layers record much of the geologic history of the North American continent. Uplift associated with mountain formation later moved these sediments thousands of feet upward, the higher elevation has also resulted in greater precipitation in the Colorado River drainage area, but not enough to change the Grand Canyon area from being semi-arid. The uplift of the Colorado Plateau is uneven, and the Kaibab Plateau that Grand Canyon bisects is over a one thousand feet higher at the North Rim than at the South Rim. Almost all runoff from the North Rim flows toward the Grand Canyon, the result is deeper and longer tributary washes and canyons on the north side and shorter and steeper side canyons on the south side. Temperatures on the North Rim are generally lower than those on the South Rim because of the greater elevation, heavy rains are common on both rims during the summer months. Access to the North Rim via the route leading to the canyon is limited during the winter season due to road closures. The Grand Canyon is part of the Colorado River basin which has developed over the past 40 million years, a recent study places the origins of the canyon beginning about 17 million years ago. Previous estimates had placed the age of the canyon at 5–6 million years, the study, which was published in the journal Science in 2008, used uranium-lead dating to analyze calcite deposits found on the walls of nine caves throughout the canyon. There is an amount of controversy because this research suggests such a substantial departure from prior widely supported scientific consensus. In December 2012, a study published in the journal Science claimed new tests had suggested the Grand Canyon could be as old as 70 million years, the canyon is the result of erosion which exposes one of the most complete geologic columns on the planet. The major geologic exposures in the Grand Canyon range in age from the 2-billion-year-old Vishnu Schist at the bottom of the Inner Gorge to the 230-million-year-old Kaibab Limestone on the Rim
Grand Canyon
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View from Mohave Point of the
Colorado River flowing through the Grand Canyon.
Grand Canyon
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International Space Station image of the Grand Canyon and surrounding area.
Grand Canyon
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The Grand Canyon from an airplane, with the Colorado River visible.
Grand Canyon
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Rockfalls in recent times, along with other
mass wasting, have further widened the canyon.
29.
Yellowstone National Park
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Yellowstone National Park is a national park located in the U. S. states of Wyoming, Montana and Idaho. It was established by the U. S. Congress and signed into law by President Ulysses S. Grant on March 1,1872. Yellowstone was the first National Park in the U. S. and is widely held to be the first national park in the world. The park is known for its wildlife and its many features, especially Old Faithful Geyser. It has many types of ecosystems, but the subalpine forest is the most abundant and it is part of the South Central Rockies forests ecoregion. Native Americans have lived in the Yellowstone region for at least 11,000 years, aside from visits by mountain men during the early-to-mid-19th century, organized exploration did not begin until the late 1860s. Management and control of the park fell under the jurisdiction of the Secretary of the Interior. However, the U. S. Army was subsequently commissioned to oversee management of Yellowstone for a 30-year period between 1886 and 1916, in 1917, administration of the park was transferred to the National Park Service, which had been created the previous year. Hundreds of structures have been built and are protected for their architectural and historical significance, Yellowstone National Park spans an area of 3,468.4 square miles, comprising lakes, canyons, rivers and mountain ranges. Yellowstone Lake is one of the largest high-elevation lakes in North America and is centered over the Yellowstone Caldera, the caldera is considered an active volcano. It has erupted with tremendous force several times in the last two million years, half of the worlds geothermal features are in Yellowstone, fueled by this ongoing volcanism. Lava flows and rocks from volcanic eruptions cover most of the area of Yellowstone. The park is the centerpiece of the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, the largest remaining nearly-intact ecosystem in the Earths northern temperate zone, hundreds of species of mammals, birds, fish, and reptiles have been documented, including several that are either endangered or threatened. The vast forests and grasslands also include species of plants. Yellowstone Park is the largest and most famous location in the Continental United States. Grizzly bears, wolves, and free-ranging herds of bison and elk live in the park, the Yellowstone Park bison herd is the oldest and largest public bison herd in the United States. Forest fires occur in the each year, in the large forest fires of 1988. Yellowstone has numerous opportunities, including hiking, camping, boating, fishing and sightseeing
Yellowstone National Park
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Grand Canyon of Yellowstone
Yellowstone National Park
Yellowstone National Park
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Aerial view, 3D computer generated image
Yellowstone National Park
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Detailed pictorial map from 1904
30.
United States National Park
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The United States has 59 protected areas known as national parks that are operated by the National Park Service, an agency of the Department of the Interior. National parks must be established by an act of the United States Congress. The first national park, Yellowstone, was signed into law by President Ulysses S. Grant in 1872, followed by Mackinac National Park in 1875, many current National Parks had been previously protected as National Monuments by the President under the Antiquities Act before being upgraded by Congress. Criteria for the selection of National Parks include natural beauty, unique features, unusual ecosystems. National Monuments, on the hand, are frequently chosen for their historical or archaeological significance. Fourteen national parks are designated UNESCO World Heritage Sites, while twenty one are designated UNESCO Biosphere Reserves, twenty-seven states have national parks, as do the territories of American Samoa and the United States Virgin Islands. California has the most, followed by Alaska, Utah, the largest national park is Wrangell–St. Elias in Alaska, at over 8 million acres, it is larger than each of the nine smallest states, the next three largest parks are also in Alaska. The smallest park is Hot Springs, Arkansas, at less than 6 thousand acres. The total area protected by national parks is approximately 52.2 million acres, for an average of 885 thousand acres but a median of only 236 thousand acres at Mount Rainier, the 30th largest park. The most-visited national park is Great Smoky Mountains in North Carolina and Tennessee, with over 11.3 million visitors in 2016, followed by Arizonas Grand Canyon, in contrast, only 10,047 people visited the remote Gates of the Arctic in Alaska in the same year. A few former national parks are no longer designated as such, other units of the National Park Service are broadly referred to as national parks, they are listed here. S
United States National Park
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1938 poster for
Yellowstone National Park
United States National Park
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Acadia
United States National Park
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American Samoa
United States National Park
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Arches
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Media related to Temple Square at Wikimedia Commons
