1.
Cleveland Stadium
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Cleveland Stadium, commonly known as Municipal Stadium or Lakefront Stadium, was a multi-purpose stadium located in Cleveland, Ohio. It was one of the early multi-purpose stadiums, built to accommodate baseball and football. Through most of its tenure as a facility, the stadium was the largest in Major League Baseball by seating capacity, seating over 78,000 initially. For football, the stadium seated approximately 80,000 people, former Browns owner Art Modell took over control of the stadium from the city in the 1970s and while his organization made improvements to the facility, it continued to decline. The Indians played their game at the stadium in October 1993. The Browns played their game at the stadium in December 1995. Cleveland Stadium was demolished in 1996 to make way for FirstEnergy Stadium, much of the debris from the demolition was placed in Lake Erie to create an artificial reef. The impetus for Cleveland Municipal Stadium came from city manager William R, another common misconception is that Cleveland Municipal Stadium was a Works Progress Administration project, in fact, the WPA was not created until 1935, four years after the stadium was built. In November 1928, Cleveland voters passed by 112,448 to 76,975, a 59% passage rate, with 55% needed to pass, actual construction costs overran that amount by $500,000. Built during the administrations of city managers William R. Hopkins and Daniel E. Morgan, it was designed by the firms of Walker and Weeks. It featured an early use of structural aluminum, the stadium was dedicated on July 1,1931. On July 3,1931, it hosted a match for the National Boxing Association World Heavyweight Championship between Max Schmeling and Young Stribling, with 37,000 fans in attendance. Schmeling retained his title by a technical knockout -victory in the 15th round, the Donald Gray Gardens were installed on the stadiums north side in 1936 as part of the Great Lakes Exposition. They remained until the construction of Cleveland Browns Stadium, the Indians played all of their games at the stadium from the middle of the 1932 season through 1933. However, the players and fans complained about the huge outfield, moreover, as the Great Depression worsened, attendance plummeted. The Indians returned to their previous home, League Park. In 1937, the Indians began playing Sunday and holiday games at Cleveland Stadium during the summer, adding selected important games there in 1938. League Park lacked field lighting, so the emergence of baseball in the 1930s led to the addition of night games to the schedule after lights were installed at the stadium in 1939
2.
Cleveland
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Cleveland is a city in the U. S. state of Ohio and the county seat of Cuyahoga County, the states second most populous county. The city proper has a population of 388,072, making Cleveland the 51st largest city in the United States, Greater Cleveland ranked as the 32nd largest metropolitan area in the United States, with 2,055,612 people in 2016. The city is the center of the Cleveland–Akron–Canton Combined Statistical Area, the city is located on the southern shore of Lake Erie, approximately 60 miles west of the Pennsylvania border. Clevelands economy has diversified sectors that include manufacturing, financial services, healthcare, Cleveland is also home to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. Residents of Cleveland are called Clevelanders, Cleveland has many nicknames, the oldest of which in contemporary use being The Forest City. Cleaveland oversaw the plan for what would become the downtown area, centered on Public Square, before returning home. The first settler in Cleaveland was Lorenzo Carter, who built a cabin on the banks of the Cuyahoga River, the Village of Cleaveland was incorporated on December 23,1814. In spite of the swampy lowlands and harsh winters, its waterfront location proved to be an advantage. The area began rapid growth after the 1832 completion of the Ohio, growth continued with added railroad links. Cleveland incorporated as a city in 1836, in 1836, the city, then located only on the eastern banks of the Cuyahoga River, nearly erupted into open warfare with neighboring Ohio City over a bridge connecting the two. Ohio City remained an independent municipality until its annexation by Cleveland in 1854, the citys prime geographic location as a transportation hub on the Great Lakes has played an important role in its development as a commercial center. Cleveland serves as a point for iron ore shipped from Minnesota. In 1870, John D. Rockefeller founded Standard Oil in Cleveland, other manufacturers located in Cleveland produced steam-powered cars, which included White and Gaeth, as well as the electric car company Baker. Because of the significant growth, Cleveland was known as the Sixth City during this period, by 1920, due in large part to the citys economic prosperity, Cleveland became the nations fifth largest city. The city counted Progressive Era politicians such as the populist Mayor Tom L. Johnson among its leaders, many prominent Clevelanders from this era are buried in the historic Lake View Cemetery, including President James A. Garfield, and John D. Rockefeller. In commemoration of the centennial of Clevelands incorporation as a city, conceived as a way to energize a city after the Great Depression, it drew four million visitors in its first season, and seven million by the end of its second and final season in September 1937. The exposition was housed on grounds that are now used by the Great Lakes Science Center, following World War II, the city experienced a prosperous economy. In sports, the Indians won the 1948 World Series, the hockey Barons became champions of the American Hockey League, as a result, along with track and boxing champions produced, Cleveland was dubbed City of Champions in sports at this time
3.
Low-alcohol beer
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Low-alcohol beer is beer with low alcohol content or no alcohol, which aims to reproduce the taste of beer without the inebriating effects of standard alcoholic brews. Most low-alcohol beers are lagers, but there are some low-alcohol ales, in the United States, beverages containing less than 0. 5% alcohol by volume were legally called non-alcoholic, according to the now-defunct Volstead Act. Because of its low alcohol content, non-alcoholic beer may be legally sold to minors in many American states. In Australia, the light beer refers to any beer with less than 3% alcohol. Spain is the consumer and producer of low-alcohol beer in the European Union. More recently, the movements and the need to avoid alcohol while driving, operating machinery etc led to the development of non-intoxicating beers. In the United States, non-alcoholic brews were promoted during Prohibition, in 1917, President Wilson proposed limiting the alcohol content of malt beverages to 2. 75% to try to appease avid prohibitionists. In 1919, Congress approved the Volstead Act, which limited the content of all beverages to 0. 5%. These very low alcohol beverages became known as tonics, and many breweries began brewing them in order to stay in business during Prohibition, since removing the alcohol from the beer requires just one simple extra step, many breweries saw it as an easy change. In 1933, when Prohibition was repealed, breweries easily removed this extra step, by the 1980s and 1990s, growing concerns about alcoholism led to the growing popularity of light beers, with Anheuser-Buschs Bud Light eventually becoming the most popular beverage in the U. S. A. In the 2010s, breweries have focused on marketing low-alcohol beers to counter the popularity of homebrew, declining consumption has also led to the introduction of mass-market non-alcoholic beverages, dubbed as near beer. At the start of the 21st century, alcohol-free beer has seen a rise in popularity in the Middle East, one reason for this is that Islamic scholars issued fatwas which permitted the consumption of beer as long as large quantities could be consumed without getting drunk. Positive features of non-alcoholic brews include the ability to drive after consuming several drinks, the reduction in alcohol-related illness, some common complaints about non-alcoholic brews include a loss of flavor, addition of one step in the brewing process, sugary taste, and a shorter shelf life. Some state governments, e. g. Pennsylvania, prohibit the sale of non-alcoholic brews to persons under the age of 21, Light beer is beer with reduced alcohol content and/or calories compared to regular beer. The spelling lite beer is commonly used. Light beers may be chosen by drinkers who wish to manage their consumption or their calorie intake. In Australia, regular beers have approximately 5% ABV, reduced-alcohol beers have 2. 2%–3. 2%, in Canada, a reduced-alcohol beer contains 2. 6%–4. 0% ABV, and an “extra-light” beer contains less than 2. 5%. In the United States, most reduced-alcohol beers, including Bud Light, Coors Light, and Miller Lite, have 4. 2% ABV, which is 16% less than beer with 5% ABV
4.
Cleveland Indians
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The Cleveland Indians are an American professional baseball team based in Cleveland, Ohio. The Indians compete in Major League Baseball as a club of the American League Central division. Since 1994, they have played at Progressive Field, the teams spring training facility is at Goodyear Ballpark in Goodyear, Arizona. The Indians current World Series championship drought is the longest active drought, the name Indians originated from a request by club owner Charles Somers to baseball writers to choose a new name to replace Cleveland Naps following the departure of Nap Lajoie after the 1914 season. The name referenced the nickname Indians that was applied to the Cleveland Spiders baseball club during the time when Louis Sockalexis, common nicknames for the Indians include the Tribe and the Wahoos, the latter being a reference to their logo, Chief Wahoo, a controversial Native American caricature. The teams mascot is named Slider, the franchise originated in Grand Rapids, Michigan, in 1894 as the Grand Rapids Rustlers, a minor league team in the Western League. The team moved to Cleveland in 1900 and changed its name to the Cleveland Lake Shores, one of the American Leagues eight charter franchises, the major league incarnation of the club was founded in Cleveland in 1901. Originally called the Cleveland Bluebirds, the played in League Park until moving permanently to Cleveland Stadium in 1946. At the end of the 2016 season, they had a regular season record of 9. In 1857 baseball games were a spectacle in Clevelands Public Squares. City authorities tried to find an ordinance forbidding it, to the joy of the crowd, – Harold Seymour 1865–1868 Forest Citys of Cleveland 1869–1872 Forest Citys of Cleveland From 1865 to 1868 Forest Citys was an amateur ball club. During the 1869 season, Cleveland was among several cities which established professional baseball teams following the success of the 1869 Cincinnati Red Stockings, the first fully professional team. In the newspapers before and after 1870, the team was called the Forest Citys. In 1871 the Forest Citys joined the new National Association of Professional Base Ball Players, ultimately, two of the leagues western clubs went out of business during the first season and the Chicago Fire left that citys White Stockings impoverished, unable to field a team again until 1874. Cleveland was thus the NAs westernmost outpost in 1872, the year the club folded, Cleveland played their full schedule to July 19 followed by two games versus Boston in mid-August and disbanded at the end of the season. 1879–1881 Cleveland Forest Citys 1882–1884 Cleveland Blues In 1876, the National League supplanted the NA as the professional league. Cleveland were not among its members, but by 1879 the league was looking for new entries. The Cleveland Forest Citys baseball team was then re-created, the National League required distinct colors for the 1882 season, so the Cleveland Forest Citys became the Cleveland Blues
5.
Texas Rangers (baseball)
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The Texas Rangers are an American professional baseball team based in Arlington, Texas, located in the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex. The Rangers franchise is currently a member of the West division of the American League in Major League Baseball, since 1994, the Rangers have played in Globe Life Park in Arlington in Arlington, Texas. The teams name is borrowed from the law enforcement agency of the same name. After the 1971 season, the new Senators moved to Arlington, Texas, in 2010, the Rangers advanced past the Division Series for the first time, defeating the Tampa Bay Rays. Texas then brought home their first American League pennant after beating the New York Yankees in six games, in the 2010 World Series, the franchises first, the Rangers fell to the San Francisco Giants in five games. They repeated as American League champions the year, then lost the 2011 World Series to the St. Louis Cardinals in seven games. At the winter meetings that year, it awarded a new team to Los Angeles as well as a new team in the nations capital and this new team adopted the old Senators name, but was considered an expansion team since the Twins retained the old Senators records and history. The Senators and Angels began to fill their rosters with American League players in an expansion draft, the team played the 1961 season at old Griffith Stadium before moving to District of Columbia Stadium. For most of their existence, the new Senators were the definition of futility, the teams struggles led to a twist on a joke about the old Senators--Washington, first in war, first in peace and still last in the American League. Frank Howard, known for his home runs, was the teams most accomplished player. Ownership changed hands several times during the stay in Washington and was often plagued by poor decision-making and planning. Owner Elwood Richard Quesada once wondered why he should have to pay his players because he believed they didnt belong in the majors and he later agreed to a 10-year lease at D. C. Stadium — a move that would back to haunt the Senators. In 1963, Quesada sold his stake in the club and resigned, Washington stockbrokers James Johnston and James Lemon owned the team briefly, suffering massive financial losses. Johnson died in 1967 and Lemon sold the team a year later to hotel and trucking executive Bob Short, Short named himself general manager and hired Hall of Famer Ted Williams as manager. Although Williams had never coached or managed at any level of baseball, Williams kept them in contention for most of the season, their 86–76 record would be their only winning season in Washington. The success though was brief, as Short borrowed most of the $9.4 million he had used to pay for the team, as the Senators general manager, Short was forced to make many questionable trades to lower the debt and acquire amounts of the much-needed revenue. As a result, the team fell back into the American Leagues cellar position
6.
United States
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Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
7.
Ohio
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Ohio /oʊˈhaɪ. oʊ/ is a Midwestern state in the Great Lakes region of the United States. Ohio is the 34th largest by area, the 7th most populous, the states capital and largest city is Columbus. The state takes its name from the Ohio River, the name originated from the Iroquois word ohi-yo’, meaning great river or large creek. Partitioned from the Northwest Territory, the state was admitted to the Union as the 17th state on March 1,1803, Ohio is historically known as the Buckeye State after its Ohio buckeye trees, and Ohioans are also known as Buckeyes. Ohio occupies 16 seats in the United States House of Representatives, Ohio is known for its status as both a swing state and a bellwether in national elections. Six Presidents of the United States have been elected who had Ohio as their home state, Ohios geographic location has proven to be an asset for economic growth and expansion. Because Ohio links the Northeast to the Midwest, much cargo, Ohio has the nations 10th largest highway network, and is within a one-day drive of 50% of North Americas population and 70% of North Americas manufacturing capacity. To the north, Lake Erie gives Ohio 312 miles of coastline, Ohios southern border is defined by the Ohio River, and much of the northern border is defined by Lake Erie. Ohios neighbors are Pennsylvania to the east, Michigan to the northwest, Ontario Canada, to the north, Indiana to the west, Kentucky on the south, Ohio is bounded by the Ohio River, but nearly all of the river itself belongs to Kentucky and West Virginia. Ohio has only that portion of the river between the rivers 1792 low-water mark and the present high-water mark, the border with Michigan has also changed, as a result of the Toledo War, to angle slightly northeast to the north shore of the mouth of the Maumee River. Much of Ohio features glaciated plains, with a flat area in the northwest being known as the Great Black Swamp. Most of Ohio is of low relief, but the unglaciated Allegheny Plateau features rugged hills, in 1965 the United States Congress passed the Appalachian Regional Development Act, at attempt to address the persistent poverty and growing economic despair of the Appalachian Region. This act defines 29 Ohio counties as part of Appalachia, the worst weather disaster in Ohio history occurred along the Great Miami River in 1913. Known as the Great Dayton Flood, the entire Miami River watershed flooded, as a result, the Miami Conservancy District was created as the first major flood plain engineering project in Ohio and the United States. Grand Lake St. Marys in the west central part of the state was constructed as a supply of water for canals in the era of 1820–1850. For many years this body of water, over 20 square miles, was the largest artificial lake in the world and it should be noted that Ohios canal-building projects were not the economic fiasco that similar efforts were in other states. Some cities, such as Dayton, owe their emergence to location on canals. Summers are typically hot and humid throughout the state, while winters generally range from cool to cold, precipitation in Ohio is moderate year-round
8.
Major League Baseball
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Major League Baseball is a professional baseball organization, the oldest of the four major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada. A total of 30 teams now play in the National League and American League, the NL and AL operated as separate legal entities from 1876 and 1901 respectively. After cooperating but remaining legally separate entities since 1903, the merged into a single organization led by the Commissioner of Baseball in 2000. The organization also oversees Minor League Baseball, which comprises about 240 teams affiliated with the Major League clubs, with the World Baseball Softball Confederation, MLB manages the international World Baseball Classic tournament. Baseballs first professional team was founded in Cincinnati in 1869,30 years after Abner Doubleday supposedly invented the game of baseball, the first few decades of professional baseball were characterized by rivalries between leagues and by players who often jumped from one team or league to another. The period before 1920 in baseball was known as the dead-ball era, Baseball survived a conspiracy to fix the 1919 World Series, which came to be known as the Black Sox Scandal. The sport rose in popularity in the 1920s, and survived potential downturns during the Great Depression, shortly after the war, baseballs color barrier was broken by Jackie Robinson. The 1950s and 1960s were a time of expansion for the AL and NL, then new stadiums, Home runs dominated the game during the 1990s, and media reports began to discuss the use of anabolic steroids among Major League players in the mid-2000s. In 2006, an investigation produced the Mitchell Report, which implicated many players in the use of performance-enhancing substances, today, MLB is composed of thirty teams, twenty-nine in the United States and one in Canada. Baseball broadcasts are aired on television, radio, and the Internet throughout North America, MLB has the highest season attendance of any sports league in the world with more than 73 million spectators in 2015. MLB is governed by the Major League Baseball Constitution and this document has undergone several incarnations since 1875, with the most recent revisions being made in 2012. Under the direction of the Commissioner of Baseball, MLB hires and maintains the sports umpiring crews, and negotiates marketing, labor, MLB maintains a unique, controlling relationship over the sport, including most aspects of Minor League Baseball. This ruling has been weakened only slightly in subsequent years, the weakened ruling granted more stability to the owners of teams and has resulted in values increasing at double-digit rates. There were several challenges to MLBs primacy in the sport between the 1870s and the Federal League in 1916, the last attempt at a new league was the aborted Continental League in 1960. The chief executive of MLB is the commissioner, Rob Manfred, the chief operating officer is Tony Petitti. There are five other executives, president, chief officer, chief legal officer, chief financial officer. The multimedia branch of MLB, which is based in Manhattan, is MLB Advanced Media and this branch oversees MLB. com and each of the 30 teams websites. Its charter states that MLB Advanced Media holds editorial independence from the league, MLB Productions is a similarly structured wing of the league, focusing on video and traditional broadcast media
9.
Bench-clearing brawl
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They are also known to occur when a batter charges the mound. However, few bench-clearing brawls result in injury, as in most cases, no punches are thrown. In at least one case, one team left its dugout to defend the other from Clevelands own fans, depending on the severity of the unsportsmanlike conduct, an umpire may or may not eject a brawls participants. Fines and suspensions generally result and are issued at a later date, escalations beyond isolated fights, such as line brawls between groups of players on the ice, are prohibited, meaning bench-clearing brawls will result in serious consequences. General brawls can result in players being assessed game misconduct penalties and this is especially the case if a player leaves the bench or penalty box to join a fight. In addition to penalties for leaving the bench, all players engaging in a fight may be penalized. One of the more notable incidents was the Punch-up in Piestany, the officials ordered that the arena lights be turned out, but to no avail, and the IIHF eventually declared the game void. The only notable KHL bench clearing brawl saw all the players of Avangard Omsk and Vityaz Chekhov, except for the goaltenders, fighting at 3 minutes and 34 seconds. The referees penalized all the players who were involved in the brawl, and called the game due to lack of players, bench-clearing brawls do not occur very often in gridiron football. At least two bench-clearing brawls have taken place in the Lingerie Football League, since renamed the Legends Football League, the first came in 2009 between the Miami Caliente and the New York Majesty, that brawl eventually led to the Majesty suspending operations. Another occurred during the December 9,2011 LFL game between the Toronto Triumph and the Philadelphia Passion and it was unclear what punishment either team would face as Toronto was already using replacement players due to a mass walkout of the original team earlier in the year. Red Wings–Avalanche brawl Pacers–Pistons brawl Knicks–Nuggets brawl 2011 Crosstown Shootout brawl Violence in sports
10.
Arlington Stadium
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Arlington Stadium was a baseball stadium located in Arlington, Texas, United States, located between Dallas and Fort Worth, Texas. It served as the home for the Texas Rangers from 1972 until 1993, when the team moved into The Ballpark in Arlington, the stadium was built in 1965 as Turnpike Stadium, a minor league ballpark seating 10,000 people named for the nearby Dallas-Fort Worth Turnpike. However, the real purpose was to attract a major league team to the Metroplex. It had been built to major league specifications, and was designed to be expandable to up to 50,000 seats, due to its location in a natural bowl, only minimal renovations would be necessary to ready it for a big-league team. Although it was primarily for baseball, its general shape was very similar to the major league multi-purpose stadiums that were beginning to emerge in the mid-1960s. In 1971, the struggling Washington Senators announced their intentions to move to the Metroplex as the Texas Rangers, the stadium was expanded to seat over 35,700 people, and was renamed Arlington Stadium. It was the former minor league park converted for use by a major-league team, after Baltimores Memorial Stadium, Kansas Citys Municipal Stadium. The park had a skeletal, jerry-built feel, and it was obvious that it had once been minor-league, an upper deck wasnt added until 1978, until then, fans entered at the very top of the stadium and walked down to their seats. It had the largest bleacher section in baseball, stretching from foul pole to foul pole, unlike most stadiums built during this time, there were very few bad seats, due to its natural-bowl location and the field being 40 feet below street level. Early in the existence, the stadium could be converted for football by swiveling the third-base grandstands into the outfield. In the process, people sitting in the bleachers had their view cut off. When a football game was played at the stadium, a press box. The 1978 renovations, however, permanently fixed the seats in the configuration for the remainder of the stadiums existence. Although it had built for baseball, Arlington Stadium had a number of drawbacks. There was no roof, and thus virtually no protection from the oppressive Texas heat, for nearly all of its existence, it was the hottest stadium in the majors. It was not unheard of for game-time temperatures to be well above 100 degrees, combined with the Rangers mediocre performance, this held down attendance considerably during the 1970s. Due in part to the heat, the Rangers scheduled nearly all of their games from May through September at night, other than nearby amusement park Six Flags Over Texas, there was no neighborhood around the park. In his book Storied Stadiums, Curt Smith described it as small, the scoreboard in the Rangers early days was a long, horizontal rectangle with a panel shaped like the state of Texas
11.
Tom Grieve
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Thomas Alan Grieve is a former Major League Baseball player. He played from 1970–79 for the Washington Senators, Texas Rangers, New York Mets, nicknamed TAG, which are his initials, Grieves best season was 1976 with the Rangers when he hit.255, belted 20 home runs and had 81 runs batted in. On December 8,1977, he was involved in a rare four-team trade that involved the New York Mets, Atlanta Braves, Pittsburgh Pirates, Grieve and a player to be named later were sent to the Mets, who also received Willie Montañez from the Braves. Texas sent Adrian Devine, Tommy Boggs and Eddie Miller to Atlanta, the Pirates sent Al Oliver and Nelson Norman to the Rangers, who also got Jon Matlack from the Mets. Finally, the Mets sent John Milner to the Pirates, primarily an outfielder and a designated hitter, the right-handed batter finished his career with a.249 average,65 homers and 254 RBIs in 670 games. In between, Grieve posted five solid seasons in the Venezuelan Winter League while playing for the Águilas del Zulia, Leones del Caracas, according to his own words, he says that any player who skips winter ball does themselves a disservice because they’re too lazy. In 1984 Grieve became general manager of the Rangers, and served in capacity until 1994. In December 1988 Grieve made one of the best trades in history, acquiring Rafael Palmeiro. That same winter he acquired future batting champion Julio Franco, however, he also traded away several future stars, including Sammy Sosa in 1989 and Robb Nen in 1993. Grieve currently is a broadcaster for the Rangers televised games, since 1995, Grieve has served consistently as the color commentator for the Texas Rangers, which is the longest tenure of any TV broadcaster in Texas Rangers club history. He sits in the booth alongside play-by-play announcer Dave Raymond, the Grieves were the first father-and-son combo to be selected in the first round of the MLB draft. Tom was chosen sixth overall by the Senators in 1966 while Ben was the second overall selection by Oakland in 1994, Ben Grieve played 976 games for the Oakland As, Tampa Bay Devil Rays, Milwaukee Brewers and the Chicago Cubs. Tom Grieve was inducted into the Texas Rangers Hall of Fame in a ceremony held on July 24,2010
12.
Dave Duncan (baseball)
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David Edwin Duncan is an American pitching consultant for the Arizona Diamondbacks of Major League Baseball. He is also a professional baseball catcher and pitching coach. He began his MLB playing career in 1964 and played consecutively from 1967 to 1976 for the Kansas City/Oakland Athletics, Cleveland Indians. After retiring as a player, Duncan served as the coach for the Indians, Seattle Mariners, Chicago White Sox, Athletics. Four pitchers he coached won the Cy Young Award in 1983,1990,1992 and he was also a member of four World Series champion teams in 1972,1989,2006, and 2011. Each year from 1983 to 2011, Duncan worked with former manager Tony La Russa on the White Sox, Athletics, following the 2013 season, he became a pitching consultant for the Diamondbacks. Duncan was signed as a free agent by the Kansas City Athletics in 1963. In his first at-bat as a baseball player, he hit a home run for the Daytona Beach Islanders of the Florida State League. Duncan made his league debut on May 6,1964 at the age of 18. He was kept in the majors to protect him from being drafted by another team under baseball rules, Duncan returned to the minor leagues for the next two seasons, first with the Lewiston Broncs in the Single-A Northwest League in Lewiston, Idaho. Midway through the 1965 season, Rick Monday joined the team, after the season, Duncan and Monday entered boot camp with the U. S. Marine Corps in San Diego in September. The following year in 1966, Duncan led the California League with 46 home runs in 121 games for the Modesto Reds, the second pick in the 1966 MLB draft was another Arizona State center fielder, 20-year-old Reggie Jackson. He played two weeks in Lewiston then joined Duncan in Modesto in early July, and kept pace with 21 homers in 56 games, Duncan began the 1967 season with the Birmingham As but, was brought back up to the major leagues in early June. When his batting average dropped to a.194 in early July, when his hitting showed signs of improvement, Duncan returned to the major leagues in September, along with Jackson and Joe Rudi. Athletics team owner Charlie Finley moved the franchise west to Oakland for the 1968 season and he was called up to the majors in June when catcher Jim Pagliaroni suffered a broken arm and went on the disabled list. Duncan went on to catch the majority of the games in 1968. While he possessed good skills, he only managed to hit for a.191 batting average. His batting average fell further to.126 in 1969 and Phil Roof took over as the Athletics main catcher and he also missed time due to his commitment to the military reserves
13.
Billy Martin
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Alfred Manuel Billy Martin was an American Major League Baseball second baseman and manager. He is best known as the manager of the New York Yankees and he also had notable managerial tenures with several other AL squads, leading four of them to division championships. Martin had a playing career in the 1950s, highlighted by his years with the Yankees during which he performed at a high level in appearances in the World Series. He was also selected for the American League All Star team in 1956, in these years his infamous propensity for fisticuffs became established, both on and off the baseball field. As a manager, Martin was known for turning losing teams into winners, however, he was criticized for not getting along with veteran players and owners, burning out young pitchers, and for having an addiction to alcohol. During the 1969 through 1988 period as a manager, Martin totaled 1,253 victories with a.553 winning percentage, Martin was born Alfred Manuel Pesano, Jr. to Alfred Manuel Pesano, Sr. and Joan Salvini Jenny Pesano in Berkeley, California. He was of Portuguese and Italian descent, as his father was a native of the Azores, Alfred, Sr. abandoned the family eight months later, for this reason, Jenny always referred to Alfred, her second husband, as the jackass. Eventually, Jenny changed the name to Martin. He began being called Billy after his grandmother started calling him Bello, as Martin grew up in West Berkeley his mother took careful notice not to let her son know his actual name, not wanting him to know he shared the same name with Alfred Pesano. While attending Berkeley High School, Martin tried out for and began playing for the Oakland Junior Oaks, affiliated with the Pacific Coast Leagues Oakland Oaks club. After graduation in 1946, he was signed by Eddie Leishman, also a Berkeley native, to play for him for Idaho Falls the Class D Pioneer League, hitting.254 in 32 games. Late in the 1947 season, he was signed to the Oaks, where his manager was Casey Stengel, Martin played for the Oaks in 1948 and 1949. When Stengel became the manager of the New York Yankees in 1949 he had the Yankees obtain Martin in 1950 and that year, Martin batted.250 in 34 games. Martin began his league career in 1950 as a second baseman for the Yankees. As a player, he was known for making clutch plays, in the 1952 World Series, he made a game-saving catch on an infield popup in Game 7. In the 1953 season, Martin had career highs in runs, RBIs, doubles, triples. He was the most valuable player of the 1953 World Series, as he batted.500 with a.958 slugging percentage, Martin was an All-Star in 1956. In 1958, Martin led the league in hits, with 13
14.
Joe Tait
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With the exception of two seasons in the early 1980s and illness during his final season, he was the Cavaliers radio announcer from the teams inception in 1970 through the 2010-11 season. He won the Basketball Hall of Fame 2010 Curt Gowdy Media Award, Tait was born in Evanston, Illinois. He attended Monmouth College in western Illinois, where he began his radio career and he did various jobs, including play-by-play on a local radio station in Monmouth, sports reports, and operations manager. After college, Tait spent three years in the United States Army Security Agency, after the Army, Tait bounced around, spending time in Decatur, Illinois. From 1966 to 1968 he was the voice of the Ohio Bobcats, served as sports director for WOUB. He next served as the voice of Indiana University football. In 1970, Tait began his association with the Cleveland Cavaliers. The games were broadcast on WERE for the first two years, after then-owner Nick Mileti, who also owned the Cleveland Indians, bought Clevelands most powerful radio station, WWWE in 1972, he moved both teams radio broadcasts to WWWE. Tait was the announcer for the Indians from 1973 through 1979 along with Herb Score. However, prior to the 1980-1981 season, new controversial Cavs team owner Ted Stepien had a disagreement with WWWE, consequently, the station gave the broadcasting rights back to Stepien. Yet, many Cleveland fans mistakenly believe that Tait was fired by Stepien, in the interim, Tait was the radio announcer for the New Jersey Nets for the 1981-1982 season. The following year he switched to television, calling play-by-play Chicago Bulls games on SportsVision and he also broadcast the CBS Radio College Game-of-the-Week. When new owners Gordon and George Gund III bought the team, Tait returned to the Cavaliers for the 1983-1984 season, in 1987, he was named vice president of broadcast services, a job that he held until his retirement. For fifteen seasons, Tait was also a play by play voice for the Cleveland Indians, in 1992, he was inducted into the Radio/Television Broadcasters Hall of Fame of Ohio. From 1997 to 2003, Tait also served as the radio voice of the Womens National Basketball Association Cleveland Rockers. In 2004, Tait was selected as a member of the Indiana Broadcasters Hall of Fame. Beginning in 2008, Tait has done play by play for the Mount Union College Purple Raiders and he is on the schools board of trustees. He also calls high school games for WEOL-AM930
15.
The Plain Dealer
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The Plain Dealer is the major daily newspaper of Cleveland, Ohio, United States. It has the largest circulation of any Ohio newspaper and was a top 20 newspaper for Sunday circulation in the United States as of March 2013, as of December 2015, The Plain Dealer had more than 250,000 daily readers and 790,000 readers on Sunday. The Plain Dealers media market, the Cleveland-Akron DMA, is one of the Top 20 markets in the United States, with a population of 3.8 million people, it is the fourth-largest market in the Midwest, and Ohios largest media market. In April 2013 The Plain Dealer announced it would reduce home delivery to four days a week and this went into effect on August 5,2013. A daily version of The Plain Dealer is available electronically as well as in print at stores, newsracks and newsstands. The newspaper was established in 1842, less than 50 years after Moses Cleaveland landed on the banks of the Cuyahoga River in The Flats, the Plain Dealer Publishing Company is under the direction of Virginia Wang. The paper employs over 700 people, the newspaper was sold on March 1,1967, to S. I. Newhouses newspaper chain, and has been under the control of the Newhouse family ever since. W. On December 18,2005, The Plain Dealer ceased publication of its weekly Sunday Magazine and it also assured readers that the stories that would formerly have appeared in the Sunday Magazine would be integrated into other areas of the paper. On the morning of Wednesday, July 31,2013, nearly a third of the staff was eliminated through layoffs. Previously, in December 2012, under an agreement with the Newspaper Guild, the July round of layoffs led to accusations by the Guild that management had misled the union by cutting more employees than had been agreed upon. On August 5,2013, the Northeast Ohio Media Group launched, Northeast Ohio Media Group operates cleveland. com and Sun Newspapers and is responsible for all multimedia ad sales and marketing for The Plain Dealer, Sun News and cleveland. com. It also provides content to The Plain Dealer, cleveland. com, the Plain Dealer Publishing Company provides content and publishes in print seven days a week. The company also provides production, distribution, finance, information technology, accounting and other services for the Plain Dealer Publishing Co. 1953 Pulitzer Prize for Editorial Cartooning,2003 Editor & Publisher Editor of the Year Award 12-time Ohio News Photographers Association Award recipient.50 and the Sunday/Thanksgiving Day edition is $2.25 at newsstands/newsracks. The full subscription weekly price is $4.65 and these prices only apply to The Plain Dealers home delivery area, which are the Northeast Ohio counties of Cuyahoga, Lake, Geauga, Portage, Erie, Ottawa, Summit, Ashtabula, Medina and Lorain. The Plain Dealer is available all over the state at select newsstands, including in the capital, Columbus. The newspaper reported daily readership of 543,110 and Sunday readership of 858,376 as of October,2013. Effective August 5,2013, home delivery was reduced to four days a week, an edition on Wednesday, Friday, and Sunday
16.
Chief Wahoo
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Chief Wahoo is a logo of the Cleveland Indians, a Major League Baseball franchise based in Cleveland, Ohio. The logo is a caricature of a stereotypical American Indian face. The team considered replacing the logo in 1994 when it moved to Jacobs Field, in 2013, Wahoo was replaced as the teams primary cap logo with a block C, but still appears on the teams uniforms sleeves and their home baseball caps. Although Chief Wahoo is most properly described as a logo, he is called a mascot. In 1947, Cleveland Indians owner Bill Veeck hired the J. F. Novak Company, designers of the worn by Clevelands police and firefighters. Seventeen-year-old draftsman Walter Goldbach, an employee of the Novak Company, was asked to perform the job, tasked with creating a mascot that would convey a spirit of pure joy and unbridled enthusiasm, he created a smiling face with yellow skin and a prominent nose. Goldbach has said that he had difficulty figuring out how to make an Indian look like a cartoon, sportswriters would eventually take to calling the unnamed character Chief Wahoo. Goldbach has said that the moniker is inaccurate. Quoting a child he met while talking at a school, Goldbach explained in a 2008 interview, Hes not a chief, in 1951, the mascot was redesigned with a smaller nose and red skin instead of yellow skin. This red skin logo also appeared in 1948 and 1949 and this logo has remained in use ever since, with only minor changes to the design. In the 1950s, the logo had black outlines and red skin, today the logo has blue lines, after its introduction, the face of the 1951 logo was incorporated into other, full-body depictions of the character. Wins were illustrated by Chief Wahoo holding a lantern in one hand, losses were illustrated by a battered Chief Wahoo, complete with black eye, missing teeth, and crumpled feathers. By 1973, when Cleveland businessman Nick Mileti bought the baseball team, Mileti hired a designer named Leonard Benner to modify an existing at-bat design for use as a logo. Several changes were made, Wahoos nose was made smaller, his body thinner, overall, however, the design of Chief Wahoo remained largely similar to the previous version. These modifications, however, heralded other changes to the use of Indian-themed imagery. The 1973 logo is no longer used by the team, when the Cleveland Indians installed a new computer-programmed scoreboard in 1977, newspaper articles described how it could display animated depictions of Chief Wahoo yelling Charge. At 137-by-54 feet with an 86-by-29-foot lighted screen, the scoreboard was described as the largest single unit board in the country, animation was provided by Hilda Terry, creator of the comic strip Teena. The complete package of commissioned animations included an arrow skewering two players to signify a double-play, during his tenure as President of the Cleveland Indians baseball team, Peter Bavasi asked players how the teams uniforms should look
17.
Boxing glove
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Boxing gloves are cushioned gloves that fighters wear on their hands during boxing matches and practices. The use of protection in fighting contests undertaken for sport has been known since Ancient Greece. However, the gloves were very different from those of modern boxing, in Ancient Greece, it was common practice to tie strips of rawhide round the hands for protection. In Roman times, this developed into the gladiatorial cestus, with added to the gloves to inflict greater damage. The brutality of the sport caused the boxing to be banned in 393 AD, Boxing experienced a revival in Britain around the 17th century. However, many boxers still chose to fight with bare knuckles until 1867 when gloves were mandated by the Marquess of Queensberry Rules, modern boxing gloves started showing up towards end of the 1990s. Over ten years of engineering and testing by some of the biggest boxing manufacturers and sport names have helped create safe, modern boxing gloves include mesh palm, velcro, leather-based stitching, suspension cushioning and new padding for the boxer. The International Boxing Association approves new designs of gloves according to rules around weight, Boxing gloves usually come with either lace-ups or velcro. In velcro gloves, the acts as a second handwrap that adds more stability to the wrist. Lace-up gloves provide a snug and secure fit, but unlike velcro gloves, require assistance from another person to lace. Lace-up gloves can be converted to velcro gloves using a hook, three types of padding commonly used in boxing gloves are horsehair padding, foam padding or a mix of both. Foam padding gloves use latex and PVC foam with shock absorber, horsehair gloves last longer than foam padding gloves and are environmentally friendly, but are less protective. In amateur boxing matches, glove color is restricted to red or blue, often with a scoring area at the knuckles to help judges see. Boxing gloves are worn over hand wraps, which stabilize the fist area against injuries such as the eponymous boxers fracture of the fifth metacarpal. The hand wrap is made from cotton and is available in either 120 inches or 170 inches. The impact of gloves on the injuries caused during a fight is a controversial issue, hitting to the head was less common in the bare-knuckle era because of the risk of hurting the boxers hand. Gloves may reduce the amount of eye injuries, especially if they are thumbless, one non-peer-reviewed study has estimated the risk of death from bare-knuckle boxing at 14,000 deaths per million participants. This is 184 times more deaths per million participants than for professional boxing
18.
Ferguson Jenkins
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Ferguson Arthur Fergie Jenkins, Jr. CM is a Canadian former professional baseball player. He was a Major League Baseball pitcher for the Philadelphia Phillies, Chicago Cubs, Texas Rangers and he also played basketball in the off-season for the Harlem Globetrotters from 1967 to 1969, and pitched two seasons in Canada for the minor league London Majors following his major league career. In 1991, Jenkins became the first Canadian to be inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame, Jenkins played the majority of his career for the Cubs. He was a National League and Cubs All-Star for three seasons, and in 1971, he was the first Canadian and Cubs pitcher to win a Cy Young Award and he was a 20-game winner for seven seasons, including six consecutive seasons for the Cubs. He was the NL leader in wins, in 1971, and he was also the NL leader in complete games in 1967,1970, and 1971, and the AL leader in complete games in 1974. He led the NL in strikeouts in 1969 and had over 3,000 strikeouts during his career, Jenkins was born and raised in Chatham, Ontario, the only child of Delores and Ferguson Jenkins, Sr. His father, a chef and chauffeur, immigrated from Barbados, both of his parents were good athletes, his father was an amateur boxer and semi-pro baseball player. A talented athlete, Jenkins competed in track and field, ice hockey, when he began playing bantam baseball in his teens, he started out as a first baseman. He honed his skills by throwing pieces of coal from a local coal yard. He was also encouraged to continue working on his pitching by Gene Dziadura, a shortstop in the Chicago Cubs minor league system. Many training sessions between the two followed until Jenkins graduated from high school, in 1962, Jenkins was signed by Philadelphia Phillies scout Tony Lucadello. Jenkins made his debut as a 22-year-old in 1965, as a relief pitcher. He was traded the following year to the Chicago Cubs, along with Adolfo Phillips and John Herrnstein, for pitchers Larry Jackson, Jenkins would become one of the best pitchers in the majors. In his first full year as a starter for the Cubs and he finished tied for second in the Cy Young Award voting, following Mike McCormick of the San Francisco Giants. He was also selected for the All-Star Game for the first time that season, the following year his numbers improved, once again he won twenty games, his ERA dropped to 2.63 and his strikeout total increased to 260. Jenkins established a reputation for achieving his pitching feats and his statistics while spending most of his pitching in a hitters ballpark—Wrigley Field in Chicago. Furthermore, in 1968, Jenkins lost five of his starts in 1–0 ballgames, Jenkins had his best season in 1971. On April 6,1971, Jenkins started the Cubs opening-day game, the Cubs defeated the St. Louis Cardinals 2–1 in 10 innings at Wrigley Field
19.
Exhibitionism
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Exhibitionism is the act of exposing in a public or semi-public context those parts of ones body that are not normally exposed – for example, the breasts, genitals or buttocks. Exposing oneself only to a partner is normally not regarded as exhibitionism. In law, the act of exhibitionism may be called indecent exposure, exposing ones person, public exhibitionism by women has been recorded since classical times, often in the context of women shaming groups of men into committing, or inciting them to commit, some public action. The ancient Greek historian Herodotus gives an account of exhibitionistic behaviors from the fifth century BC in The Histories, Herodotus writes that, When people travel to Bubastis for the festival, this is what they do. Every baris carrying them there overflows with people, a crowd of them. Some of the women have clappers, while some of the men have pipes which they play throughout the voyage, the rest of the men and women sing and clap their hands. When in the course of their journey they reach a community — not the city of their destination, every riverside community receives this treatment. The development of new such as smartphones and tablets has permitted some exhibitionists to reorient their methods such as with nelfies. Exhibitionism was first described as a disorder in 1877 by French physician, the DSM states that the highest possible prevalence for exhibitionistic disorder in men is 2%-4%. It is thought to be less common in women. In a Swedish survey,2. 1% of women and 4. 1% of men admitted to becoming sexually aroused from the exposure of their genitals to a stranger. A research team asked a sample of 185 exhibitionists, How would you have preferred a person to react if you were to expose your privates to him or her. The most common response was Would want to have intercourse, followed by No reaction necessary at all, To show their privates also, Admiration. Only very few exhibitionists chose Anger and disgust or Fear, various types of behavior are classified as exhibitionism, including, Anasyrma, the lifting of the skirt when not wearing underwear, to expose genitals. Candaulism, when a person exposes his or her partner in a provocative manner. Flashing, the display of bare female breasts by a woman with an up-and-down lifting of the shirt and/or bra or the exposure of a mans or womans genitalia. Martymachlia, a paraphilia which involves attraction to having others watch the execution of a sexual act. Mooning, the display of bare buttocks by pulling down of trousers, the act is most often done for the sake of humour, disparagement, or mockery
20.
Streaking
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Streaking is the act of running naked through a public place as a prank, dare or an act of protest. It is often associated with sporting events but can occur in more secluded areas and it usually involves running quickly which also reflects the original meaning of the word before it became associated with nudity. Streakers are often pursued by sporting officials or by the police, the name Peeping Tom for a voyeur originates from later versions of this legend in which a man named Tom watched her ride and was struck blind or dead. At 7,00 PM on 5 July 1799, a man was arrested at the Mansion House, London and he confirmed that he had accepted a wager of 10 guineas to run naked from Cornhill to Cheapside. Robert E. Lee later sanctioned streaking as a rite of passage for young Washington, crump was suspended for the academic session, but later went on to become a U. S. Congressman. Streaking seems to have been well-established on some college campuses by the mid-1960s, the magazine of Carleton College described the phenomenon in negative terms associating it with rock culture, drinking and destruction. At that time, streaking was a tradition on the Minnesota campus during January and February when temperatures hovered around zero degrees Fahrenheit, time magazine, in December 1973, called streaking a growing Los Angeles-area fad that was catching on among college students and other groups. There was also a streaker at the real Olympics in Montreal, Canada, the word has been used in its modern sense only since the 1960s. The term streaking was popularized by a reporter for a local Washington and that nude run had 533 participants. As the collected mass of nude students exited Bel Air dorm and they are streaking past me right now. The next day it was out on the Associated Press wire as streaking and had nationwide coverage and it is also distinct from flashing, in that the intent is generally not to shock or traumatize a victim. Streakers may streak only once or a few times, possibly as a result of a dare, the most public form of streaking is running naked before huge crowds at sporting events. However, many streakers seek quieter venues, such as a neighborhood at night after most people have gone to bed. Some have even found it satisfying to streak on rural highways in the very early hours of the morning. A number of streakers do not intend to expose themselves to others, but find it thrilling to do it in places that often have people present, Streaking may be an individual or a group activity. It is not uncommon for videos of some of the more daring streaks to find popularity on the internet, many jurisdictions have precedents, establishing that public nudity, even if offensive, may not rise to the level of indecent exposure unless it is sexually motivated. However, that does not preclude attempts at prosecution, the prevalence of streaking greatly varies from place to place. It is reportedly common in San Francisco, where the police are prohibited by local authorities from making arrests for public nudity absent an outright lewd act
21.
Mooning
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Mooning is used in the English-speaking world to express protest, scorn, disrespect, or provocation, or can be done for shock value, fun, or as form of exhibitionism. Some jurisdictions regard mooning to be indecent exposure, sometimes depending on the context, Moon has been a common shape-metaphor for the buttocks in English since 1743, and the verb to moon has meant to expose to light since 1601. As documented by McLaren, mooning, or exposing ones butt to shame an enemy had a pedigree in peasant culture throughout the Middle Ages. Formerly, mooning was slang for wandering idly and romantically pining, the legal position related to mooning varies between jurisdictions, some consider it indecent exposure, while others classify it as legal self-expression. In 2016, mooning in a place in Victoria was made a criminal offence/ something for which you could be punished. Whakapohane is the Māori practice of baring ones buttocks with the intent to offend and it symbolises the birthing act and renders the recipient noa. In 2006, a Maryland state circuit court determined that mooning is a form of expression protected by the First Amendment as a form of speech. In that case, the District of Columbia Court of Appeals had ruled that indecent exposure is limited to a persons genitalia, no review of the case by a higher court took place since prosecutors dropped the case after the ruling. In California, a court found in 2000 that mooning does not constitute indecent exposure unless it can be proven beyond reasonable doubt that the conduct was sexually motivated. In 80, Flavius Josephus recorded the first known incident of mooning, in the Siege of Constantinople in 1204, the Greeks exposed their bare buttocks to the Crusaders after they repulsed them from the walls. At the Siege of Nice, in the summer of 1543, Catherine Ségurane, legend has it that she took the lead in defending the city by standing before the invading forces and exposing her bare bottom. A number of explorers of the Atlantic coastline noted that the Etchemin tribe of Maine practiced this custom. This has inspired a chain of train moonings throughout the country, an example of whakapohane was performed by Dun Mihaka to Diana, Princess of Wales and Prince Charles during the 1983 royal tour of New Zealand. On November 22,1987, an intruder interrupted the broadcast signal of Chicago PBS affiliate and he exposed his buttocks to the camera. In June 2000, a mass mooning event was organised outside of Buckingham Palace in the United Kingdom by the Movement Against the Monarchy, a large police presence prevented a large-scale mooning, but a few individuals did so. This event is known as the Moon Against the Monarchy, on 7 June 2002, Macy Gray mooned the crowd during her performance at Manchester Apollo concert in Ardwick Green, Manchester, England. At the 2005 UK Music Hall of Fame awards ceremony, musician Ozzy Osbourne mooned the crowd after a set he played, in October 2006, English Premiership footballer Joey Barton was fined £2,000 for mooning Everton fans. On January 9,2005, Randy Moss of the Minnesota Vikings pretended to moon Green Bay Packers fans following a touchdown he scored and he was fined $10,000 by the NFL for the incident
22.
Mike Hargrove
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Dudley Michael Hargrove is a former Major League Baseball first baseman and manager. He is currently employed as an advisor with the Cleveland Indians and he played for the Texas Rangers, San Diego Padres, and Cleveland Indians. After retiring, he went on to manage the Indians, Baltimore Orioles, during his 12-year playing career, Hargrove batted.290 with 80 home runs and 686 runs batted in. He won both the AL Rookie of the Year and The Sporting News Rookie of the Year awards in 1974, afterwards, he made the AL All-Star squad in 1975 and led the league first basemen in assists twice. He was most effective in getting on base, moving runners, though he would later be honored as one of the Cleveland Indians top 100 players in team history, one of Hargroves early visits to Cleveland was less than memorable. As a rookie with the Rangers, Hargrove was one of the targets of Cleveland fans during the infamous Ten Cent Beer Night incident on June 4,1974. He also attained the nickname The Human Rain Delay for his routine at the plate before each at-bat. Towards the end of his career this trait was very well known, adding further to his Human Rain Delay moniker was his extremely fine bat control, which allowed him to foul off countless pitches. Through June 16,2009, Hargrove was tied for second of all Rangers players ever in career home runs. Hargrove holds a major league managerial record of 1, 188–1,173. He led his team to five consecutive AL Central Division titles in 1995–99 and his dismissal as Indians manager by GM John Hart was controversial with many fans. He managed the Baltimore Orioles from 2000–03, on October 20,2004, Hargrove was hired to manage the Seattle Mariners and turn around the team after its worst season since 1983. He agreed to a deal through the 2007 season. Hargroves record as Seattle manager is 192–209, including a 93 loss season record in 2005, the departure was unusual, since the Mariners had been playing quite well at the time. Hargrove became the first big league manager since at least 1900 to depart while on a streak of more than seven games. Sources indicated that differences between Hargrove and Mariners superstar Ichiro Suzuki were the reason for the departure. Despite officially having resigned, Hargrove was paid for the remainder of his contract, after taking the 2010 season off, Hargrove returned to Major League Baseball with the Indians in 2011 as a special advisor. His duties consist of assisting the staff during spring training
23.
1995 World Series
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The 1995 World Series matched the Atlanta Braves against the Cleveland Indians. The Braves won in six games to capture their third World Series championship in franchise history and this was also Clevelands first Series appearance in 41 years and marked the resumption of the Fall Classic after the previous years Series was canceled due to a players strike. The Series was also remarkable in that five of the six games were won by one run, including the sixth game. After losing the World Series in 1991 to the Minnesota Twins and in 1992 to the Toronto Blue Jays and this World Series, despite being in an odd-numbered year, opened in the NL home because of the omission of the 1994 World Series. Until 2003, the World Series would begin in the AL home in even-numbered years, the Braves overcame some early inconsistency to win their division by 21 games. In the playoffs, which featured a new first round, the Braves overwhelmed the third-year Colorado Rockies, then swept the Cincinnati Reds in the NLCS. The team relied on hitting and its powerful pitching rotation, which was made up of perennial Cy Young Award winner Greg Maddux, Tom Glavine, John Smoltz. After decades of futility, the city of Cleveland finally had a winner in town, the Indians dominated the American League in 1995, winning 100 of their 144 games. Furthermore, in just 144 games, they won the AL Central by 30 games, the 1995 Cleveland Indians featured a very impressive batting line-up, one that hit for high average, good power, and had good speed. In addition to leading the AL in batting average, the Indians in 1995 also led the American League in runs scored, home runs, while this line-up was filled with star players, Albert Belle stood out among all of them in 1995. Powered by a strong second half of the season, Belle, the Indians clean-up hitter in 1995, finished 1995 with a 0.317 batting average,126 RBI. Further to be noted is the fact that, in hitting 50 HR and 52 doubles in 1995, Belle became the first Major League player to hit at least 50 home runs, the Indians also led the 1995 AL in ERA. While their starting pitching—led by veterans Dennis Martínez and Orel Hershiser—was respectable, Mesa, in his first year as closer, posted a league-leading 46 saves in 1995, and set a then-Major League record of 38 consecutive saves without a blown save. Two of the members of the 1995 Indians pitching staff—Dennis Martínez, thus it was that this Series presented an entertaining match-up of baseballs two best teams, each with reasons to be confident going into the Series. The Atlanta Braves were veterans to the post-season in the 1990s, in 1948, the Boston Braves faced the Cleveland Indians. Even before that, in 1892, the Boston Beaneaters, a forerunner of the Braves, were also National League Champions in 1892, the Beaneaters beat the Spiders that year to win that baseball championship. NBC was originally scheduled to televise the entire Series, however, due to the cancellation of the 1994 Series, Game 5 is, to date, the last Major League Baseball game to be telecast by ABC. This was the only World Series to be produced under the Baseball Network umbrella, in July 1995, both networks announced that they would be pulling out of what was supposed to be a six-year-long venture
24.
1997 World Series
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The 1997 World Series, the 93rd edition of Major League Baseballs championship series, began on October 18 and ended on October 26. It featured the Cleveland Indians of the American League and the Florida Marlins of the National League, the Marlins, who were underdogs, capped a stunning season. They defeated the Indians by four games to three to win their first World Series championship, making them the first wild card team to win the World Series. The final of Game 7 was decided in extra innings on an Édgar Rentería single and this was the only World Series that Paul Beeston would preside over as CEO of Major League Baseball. The previous four World Series had been presided over jointly by the league presidents, NL Florida Marlins vs. AL Cleveland Indians The first World Series game in the state of Florida, Game 1 featured a youngster and a veteran facing each other on the mound. Indian starter Orel Hershiser got by the first two innings unscathed, however, after the Marlins tied the game in the third, they scored four runs in the fourth. The inning climaxed when Moisés Alou and Charles Johnson hit back-to-back homers, the Marlins added two in the fifth to knock Orel out of the game. The Indians crept back in the game thanks to solo shots by Manny Ramírez and Jim Thome. Florida closer Robb Nen came in and was able to get out of a jam by striking out Sandy Alomar, Jr. Game 2 matched up Florida ace Kevin Brown against little known Chad Ogea, who had lost two games in the ALCS. Both teams scored in the first, thanks to RBI singles by Justice for the Indians, Ogea barely escaped further damage when Alou got under a hanging curveball, but merely flied out to the warning track, missing his second three-run homer in as many nights by inches. After that, Ogea settled in and did not allow any more runs, Brown pitched well until the fifth when the Indians took the lead by stringing together three straight singles by Matt Williams, Sandy Alomar, Jr. and Marquis Grissom. Later in the inning, with runners on second and third, the three-run lead ballooned to five when Alomar hit a laser into the left field stands for a two-run homer in the sixth. Game 3 was an affair that ended with the Marlins grabbing a 2–1 series lead. In the top of the first, Gary Sheffield started the scoring with a shot to left. In the bottom half, the Indians retaliated with two runs thanks to two broken bat RBI singles by Matt Williams and Sandy Alomar, Florida took the lead 3–2 on a Darren Daulton homer in the third and four walks allowed by Indians starter Charles Nagy in the fourth. The Tribe went up 7–3 on Jim Thomes two-run blast to right in the fifth inning and his home run was nullified in the sixth by Jim Eisenreichs two-run homer that cut the lead to 7–5. In the seventh, the Marlins finished their comeback with Édgar Rentería and Gary Sheffield each driving in a run, making the score 7–7. In the ninth, it all fell apart for Cleveland thanks to three errors and seemingly one hit after another by the Marlins, with Bonilla and Sheffield driving in a pair of runs each, when the carnage was over the Marlins led 14–7
25.
Hot dog
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A hot dog, or frankfurter, frank, or wiener, is a cooked sausage, traditionally grilled or steamed and served in a partially sliced bun as a sandwich. Typical garnishes include mustard, ketchup, onions, mayonnaise, relish, coleslaw, cheese, chili, olives, Hot dog variants include the corn dog and pig in a blanket. The hot dogs cultural traditions include the Nathans Hot Dog Eating Contest and this type of sausage was culturally imported from Germany and popularized in the United States, where it became a working-class street food sold at hot dog stands and carts. The hot dog became closely associated with baseball and American culture, Hot dog preparation and condiments vary regionally in the US. The word frankfurter comes from Frankfurt, Germany, where pork sausages similar to hot dogs originated, Wiener refers to Vienna, Austria, whose German name is Wien, home to a sausage made of a mixture of pork and beef. Nowadays, in German-speaking countries, except Austria, hot dog sausages are called Wiener or Wiener Würstchen, in Swiss German, it is called Wienerli, while in Austria the terms Frankfurter or Frankfurter Würstel are used. Around 1870, on Coney Island, German immigrant Charles Feltman began selling sausages in rolls, others are credited with first serving hot dogs on rolls. A Bavarian immigrant named Feuchtwanger allegedly pioneered the practice in the American midwest, losing money when customers did not return the gloves, Feuchtwangers wife suggested serving the food in a roll instead. The association between hot dogs and baseball began as early as 1893 with Chris von der Ahe, a German immigrant who owned not only the St. Louis Browns, but also an amusement park. He called them Dachshund sandwiches, but a New York Post cartoonist couldnt spell dachshund, so when he drew the cartoon, Handwerker undercut Feltmans by charging five cents for a hot dog when his former employer was charging ten. At an earlier time in regulation, when the hot dog was suspect. The term dog has used as a synonym for sausage since the 1800s, with one thought being that it came from accusations that sausage makers used dog meat. In the early 20th century, consumption of dog meat in Germany was common, the suspicion that sausages contained dog meat was occasionally justified. In addition, no copy of the cartoon has ever been found. Early uses of hot dog in reference to sausage appeared in the New Brunswick Daily Times, the New York World, less expensive hot dogs are often made from chicken or turkey, using low-cost mechanically separated poultry. Hot dogs often have high sodium, fat and nitrite content, changes in meat technology and dietary preferences have led manufacturers to use turkey, chicken, vegetarian meat substitutes, and to lower the salt content. If a manufacturer produces two types of hot dogs, wieners tend to contain pork and are blander, while franks tend to be all beef, Hot dogs are prepared commercially by mixing the ingredients in vats where rapidly moving blades grind and mix the ingredients in the same operation. This mixture is forced through tubes into casings for cooking, most hot dogs sold in the US are skinless as opposed to more expensive natural casing hot dogs
26.
Flavored fortified wine
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A flavored fortified wine is an inexpensive fortified wine that typically has an alcohol content of between 1% and 50% alcohol by volume. It is usually made of grape and citrus wine, sugar, Buckfast Tonic Wine is a caffeine- and sugar-laced tonic wine with added alcohol, produced under license from Buckfast Abbey, a Roman Catholic monastery located in Devon, England. It is very popular in Glasgow, East Kilbride, Hamilton, Coatbridge and other Strathclyde areas in Scotland, some have called it Wreck the Hoose Juice. Cisco is the name of a fortified wine produced by the Centerra Wine Company with varieties selling at 13. 9%,17. 5%. Cisco has a consistency and sweet taste, because of its color and bottle shape. MD 20/20 has a content that varies by flavor from 13% to 18%. The MD actually stands for its producer, Mogen David, originally, 20/20 stood for 20 oz @ 20% alcohol. Currently, MD 20/20 is not sold in 20 oz bottles nor at 20% alcohol by volume, richards Wild Irish Rose is an alcoholic beverage produced by Centerra Wine Company, which is part of the Constellation Brands organization. It was introduced in 1954 and currently sells two million cases annually. The brand is available in 13. 9% and 18% alcohol by volume, Scotsmac is a blend of wine and whisky sold in the UK. It typically retails for about £3.50, significantly cheaper than its rival, solntsedar was a Soviet brand of low-end fortified wine, marketed as port wine, infamous for many severe cases of poisoning. Its production was canceled after Mikhail Gorbachevs anti-alcohol laws, Three popular brands in this category have been produced by the E & J Gallo Winery, and were a large part of that companys early success. Ripple was a wine produced by E & J Gallo Winery that was popular in the United States. Possessing a low 11% ABV, it was marketed to casual drinkers. Due to its low price, it had a reputation as a drink for alcoholics and it was popular among young drinkers, both underage and college students. Night Train Express, usually abbreviated to Night Train, typically contains 17. 5% ABV, Night Train Express has been condemned by some civic leaders who think inexpensive high alcohol content drinks contribute to vagrancy and public drunkenness. Thunderbird, between 13% and 18% ABV, popular since the 1950s, when a popular rhythm and blues song went, Whats the word. Good and cold / Whats the jive, birds alive / Whats the price
27.
Manager (baseball)
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In baseball, the field manager is an individual who is responsible for matters of team strategy on the field and team leadership. Managers are typically assisted by one and six assistant coaches, whose responsibilities are specialized. A manager is essentially equivalent to the coach in other North American professional sports leagues. How much control a manager takes in a games strategy varies from manager to manager and from game to game. Some managers control pitch selection, defensive positioning, decisions to bunt, steal, pitch out, managers are typically assisted by two or more coaches. Typically, the title of manager is used in professional baseball. In many cases, a manager is a professional, semi-professional or college player. Many current and former managers are former catchers which include Mike Matheny, John Gibbons, Brad Ausmus, Joe Torre, Mike Scioscia, Bruce Bochy, the managers responsibilities normally are limited to in-game decisions, with off-the-field and roster management decisions falling to the teams general manager. The term manager used without qualification almost always refers to the field manager, some owners carried out both GM and field managerial duties themselves. Major League Baseball managers differ from the coaches of most other professional sports in that they dress in the same uniform as the players and are assigned a jersey number. The wearing of a uniform is frequently practiced at other levels of play. The manager may be called skipper or skip informally by his players
28.
Pitch invasion
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A pitch invasion occurs when an individual or a crowd of people watching a sporting event run onto the playing area to celebrate or protest an incident. Pitch invasions may involve individual people or capacity crowds, charges can be called upon to those of the age of 18 or higher, resulting in fines, or jail time. This is especially common in football and high school football when a team pulls off a major upset, defeats a major rival. Many schools employ riot police to prevent fans from rushing the field. However, with the advent of artificial turf such as FieldTurf. In the National Football League, storming the field results in lifetime revocation of season tickets from the holder of them. Chicago College All-Star Game, With 1,22 remaining in the third quarter, after officials called for a delay, drunk and unruly fans invaded the field and tore down the goalposts. A touchdown with just over a minute left and a two-point conversion put Muscatine ahead with a 15-12 lead, ottumwa advanced the ball to the Muskie 33-yard line on the ensuing series but was intercepted in the Muskie end zone with 2 seconds left. As soon as time expired more than 1,000 Muskie fans rushed the field to celebrate its first win in 45 contests, the Play is celebrated by Cal fans and inspires the ire of many Stanford fans. To this day, it one of the most famous plays in American football history. USFL Championship Game Michigan Panthers vs, in front of a crowd of 46,565 paid attendees at Mile High Stadium in Denver, the Panthers late drive for a touchdown moved victory out of reach for the Stars, beating them 24-22. Fans briefly mounted the goal post, nearly breaking it down, and missiles, notably bottles, were hurled by fans at Denver Police, in the melee,12 people were arrested by police, half from Michigan. LSU vs. Kentucky, Kentucky looked as if they would pull off an upset of the Tigers when they held a 30–27 lead with two seconds left and LSU with the ball at their own 26-yard line. As quarterback Marcus Randall heaved a Hail Mary pass downfield, fans rushed onto the edges of the ready to celebrate Kentuckys victory. The play would come to be known as the Bluegrass Miracle,2 November 2008 – Texas Tech vs. Texas – Texas Tech fans invaded the Jones AT&T Stadium turf three times during the moments of the game. Tech was assessed two unsportsmanlike conduct penalties for this, forcing them to kick off from the 7-and-a-half yard line, after the ball was recovered by Tech, the game ended and the fans invaded the field one final time without penalty. 30 November 2013 – Auburn vs. Alabama – Auburn University faced off against their arch-rivals, Alabama entered the season ranked #1 after winning two consecutive BCS National Championships
29.
Criminal rock throwing
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A riot is a form of civil disorder commonly characterized by a group lashing out in a violent public disturbance against authority, property or people. Riots typically involve vandalism and the destruction of property, public or private, the property targeted varies depending on the riot and the inclinations of those involved. Targets can include shops, cars, restaurants, state-owned institutions, Riots often occur in reaction to a perceived grievance or out of dissent. While individuals may attempt to lead or control a riot, riots typically consist of disorganized groups that are frequently chaotic, however, there is a growing body of evidence to suggest that riots are not irrational, herd-like behavior, but actually follow inverted social norms. T. S. Charles Wilson noted, Spasmodic rises in food prices provoked keelmen on the Tyne to riot in 1709, today, some rioters have an improved understanding of the tactics used by police in riot situations. Manuals for successful rioting are available on the internet, with such as encouraging rioters to get the press involved, as there is more safety. Citizens with video cameras may also have an effect on both rioters and police, dealing with riots is often a difficult task for police forces. They may use tear gas or CS gas to control rioters, Riot police may use less-than-lethal methods of control, such as shotguns that fire flexible baton rounds to injure or otherwise incapacitate rioters for easier arrest. A police riot is a term for the disproportionate and unlawful use of force by a group of police against a group of civilians and this term is commonly used to describe a police attack on peaceful civilians, or provoking peaceful civilians into violence. A prison riot is a large-scale, temporary act of concerted defiance or disorder by a group of prisoners against prison administrators, prison officers and it is often done to express a grievance, force change or attempt escape. In a race riot, race or ethnicity is the key factor, the term had entered the English language in the United States by the 1890s. Early use of the referred to riots that were often a mob action by members of a majority racial group against people of other perceived races. In a religious riot, the key factor is religion, the rioting mob targets people and properties of a specific religion, or those believed to belong to that religion. Student riots are riots precipitated by students, often in higher education, student riots in the US and Western Europe in the 1960s and the 1970s were often political in nature. Student riots may occur as a result of oppression of peaceful demonstration or after sporting events. Students may constitute a political force in a given country. Such riots may occur in the context of political or social grievances. Urban riots are closely associated with race riots and police riots, sports riots such as the Nika riots can be sparked by the losing or winning of a specific team
30.
Nestor Chylak
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Nestor George Chylak Jr. was an American umpire in Major League Baseball who worked in the American League from 1954 to 1978. He umpired in three ALCS, serving as chief in 1969 and 1973. He also called five World Series, serving as the chief in 1971 and 1977. He also worked in six All-Star Games,1957,1960,1964,1973 and 1978, calling balls and strikes in the second 1960 game, Chylak was born in Olyphant, Pennsylvania. His parents, Nestor Sr. and Nellie, were of Ukrainian descent and he attended the University of Scranton, where he studied engineering. During World War II, he served in the U. S. Army in Europe and he suffered shrapnel injuries in Battle of the Bulge, which blinded him for several days and hospitalized him for eight weeks. He earned both the Silver Star and Purple Heart during his service, after the war, he began umpiring amateur baseball in 1946, and returned briefly to college. After a year in baseball, Chylak moved into the minor leagues as a Pennsylvania – Ontario – New York League umpire. He spent several more minor league seasons in the Canadian–American League, the New England League and he debuted in the major leagues in 1954. Chylak said that two of his greatest thrills occurred in the early to mid-1960s, in the 1960 World Series, he was umpiring when Bill Mazeroski of the Pittsburgh Pirates hit the home run that allowed the Pirates to defeat the New York Yankees. He worked Sandy Koufaxs final game in the 1966 World Series in which Koufax, Chylak worked the first American League Championship Series in 1969. On June 4,1974, he was on the field in Cleveland for Ten Cent Beer Night, the Cleveland Indians had been struggling with low attendance figures, resulting in this promotion that attracted more than 25,000 fans to the game. Fans became unruly and incited fights with the players, sometimes pouring beer on them, Chylak declared the game a forfeit after he sustained a facial wound from being hit with a chair. He umpired the first major league game played in Toronto in 1977, during a snowstorm at Exhibition Stadium, after retiring from the field in 1978, he became an assistant league supervisor of umpires. Chylak was in the dressing room at Comiskey Park on Disco Demolition Night. Veeck protested furiously, but Chylaks decision was upheld by American League president Lee MacPhail, the next day, MacPhail ordered the second game of the doubleheader be forfeited to Detroit. Chylak died of an attack at age 59 in Dunmore, Pennsylvania, and is survived by his wife Sue, his sons Robert and William. Upon his death, Bowie Kuhn said that few have ever been more respected in his field than Mr. Chylak, AL president Lee MacPhail said, He was considered an outstanding teacher and certainly one of the finest umpires in major league baseball in modern times
31.
Herb Score
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Herbert Jude Score was an American Major League Baseball pitcher and announcer. He pitched for the Cleveland Indians and Chicago White Sox from 1955 through 1962 and he was television and radio broadcaster for the Cleveland Indians from 1964–1997. Score was inducted into the Cleveland Indians Hall of Fame in 2006, Herb Score was born in Rosedale New York in 1933. At 3, he was run over by a truck and later had rheumatic fever, as a teenager, he starting playing basketball and baseball at Holy Name of Mary School until he moved with his family to Lake Worth, Florida. In 1952, he threw six no-hitters for the Lake Worth Community High School baseball team, on June 7,1952, his 19th birthday, he signed a baseball contract with the Cleveland Indians. He was sent to Indianapolis of the American Association where he made 10 pitching starts, in 1953, he moved to Clevelands Class A affiliate, Reading of the Eastern League. There he met and became friends with future outfielder Rocky Colavito from the Bronx. For the 1954 season, both were promoted to Triple-A Indianapolis, Score was named The Sporting News Minor League Player of the Year and began to be referred to as left-handed Bob Feller. In 1955, Score came up to the Major Leagues as a rookie with the Cleveland Indians at the age of 21 and he appeared on the cover of Sports Illustrated magazine on May 30,1955. Score struck out 245 batters in 1955, a Major League rookie record that stood until 1984 and it was the first time in MLB history a regular starting pitcher averaged over one strikeout per inning. On May 7,1957, during the first inning of a game against the New York Yankees at Municipal Stadium in Cleveland. McDougald lined the pitch to the mound and struck Score in the face, breaking Scores facial bones, the ball caromed to third baseman Al Smith, who threw McDougald out before rushing to the pitching mound to Scores aid. McDougald, seeing Score hit by the baseball and then lying down and injured, also ran immediately to the mound, instead of first base. McDougald reportedly vowed to retire if Score permanently lost his sight in one eye as a result of the accident, Score eventually recovered his 20/20 vision, though he missed the rest of the season. He returned early in the 1958 season, though many believe Score feared being hit by another batted ball, and thus changed his pitching motion, Score himself rejected that theory. In 1959, hed shifted his pitching motion in a bid to avoid another, the reason my motion changed, Score told Pluto, was because I hurt my elbow, and I overcompensated for it and ended up with some bad habits. As a result of the changes Score made in his delivery, his velocity dropped. Score pitched the full 1959 season, going 9–11 with a 4.71 ERA and 147 strikeouts, in the book The Greatest Team Of All Time, Mickey Mantle picked Herb Score as the toughest American League left-handed pitcher he faced
32.
Cleveland Division of Police
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The Cleveland Division of Police is the governmental agency responsible for law enforcement in the city of Cleveland, Ohio. Michael McGrath was the chief of police since 2005 and then became the Safety Service Director on February 10,2014 when Calvin Williams was appointed Chief of Police. Prior to 1850, the preservation of the peace was left to a city marshal who was assisted by a number of constables. In 1850, city council appointed the first night watch. The departments early years were not without challenge and it underwent two reorganizations prior to 1893, by the end of the century, however, the climate had begun to calm and the city saw improvements in service. The department had begun to innovate by adopting a system, beginning the use of police wagons. From the early 1900s to the start of World War II, Cleveland was rapidly growing, even through the Great Depression, with the population increasing from 380,000 in 1900, to more than 830,000 by the 1920s. The police department grew with the city, growing less than 400 officers in 1900. Nesss system is still in use today, under Ness, the Division of Police has experimented with new technologies and procedures, gaining a reputation as one of the most progressive and efficient departments in the nation. While the population of the city remained stable through the 1940s and 1950s, however, the 1960s saw relations between the department and the citys growing Black community begin to deteriorate. By the 1970s, the department, like the rest of the city government, was suffering from Clevelands failing economy, aging equipment could not be replaced, and the department saw its numbers drop by more than 700 by the end of the decade. This, along with rising crime rates left the department with a reputation as a disorganized and demoralized force that would take decades to lose. As a result of this judgement, the department was forced to place an emphasis on rebuilding community relations, by 1992, the number of police officers increased by more than 300 officers to 1,700, of whom 26% were black. During the administration of Michael White the department began to focus on community policing and rebuilding the relationship between the department and the community. Nonetheless, during the White administration the role of chief was a revolving door of chiefs. Under the Jane L. Campbell administration of 2002-06, the Division of Police laid off more than 200 officers, the Police Aviation Unit was grounded. Ports and Harbor was disbanded, even the CPD Mounted unit was disestablished, the department was again seen as a demoralized force during the Campbell administration. Under current mayor Frank Jackson, nine previously laid-off patrol officers were reinstated, Mayor Jackson has reduced the number of Police Districts from six to five and has ordered police to be aggressive in the fight against crime
33.
Lee MacPhail
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Leland Stanford MacPhail, Jr. was an American front-office executive in Major League Baseball. He and Larry MacPhail are the only pair to be inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame. At his death, MacPhail was the oldest living Hall of Famer, born in Nashville, Tennessee, he was the son of Larry MacPhail, front office executive with the Cincinnati Reds, Brooklyn Dodgers and the Yankees. His brother Bill MacPhail was president of CBS Sports and later was president of CNN Sports, Lee MacPhails son Andy is the president of the Philadelphia Phillies. He was general manager of the Minnesota Twins from 1986–94, president/CEO of the Chicago Cubs from 1994–2006, in addition, grandson Lee MacPhail IV is active in baseball as director of professional scouting for the Seattle Mariners. Lee MacPhail entered baseball in his fathers Brooklyn Dodger organization, then joined the Yankees when Larry MacPhail became a co-owner of the team in 1945 and he then moved to the Baltimore Orioles front office as general manager and, later, club president. Under MacPhails seven-year stewardship, the Orioles became pennant contenders in the American League, winning 612 of 1,118 games, led by Most Valuable Player Brooks Robinson, the 1964 Orioles finished only two games behind the pennant-winning Yankees. After the 1973 season, in late October, MacPhail was elected the fifth American League president, serving from January 1,1974, in replacing Joe Cronin, he moved the leagues headquarters to New York City from Boston. The Junior Circuit compiled a 4–6 mark in World Series play over the same period, MacPhail also played a major role in the 1983 Pine Tar Game, where a home run was taken away from Kansas City Royals slugger George Brett. After his retirement as AL president, MacPhail spent two years in baseball as chairman of Major League Baseballs Player Relations Committee. MacPhail lived in Delray Beach, Florida, where he died November 8,2012, at time of his death he was the oldest living Hall of Famer. He was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1998, joining his father, in 1966, he received the Sporting News Executive of the Year Award. The American League Championship Series Most Valuable Player Award is named for Lee MacPhail, Lee MacPhail at the Baseball Hall of Fame
