Tensegrity
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Tensegrity, tensional integrity or floating compression is a structural principle based on a system of isolated components under compression inside a network of continuous tension, and arranged in such a way that the compressed members do not touch each other while the prestressed tensioned members delineate the system spatially.
The Skylon at the Festival of Britain, 1951
Largest tensegrity bridge in the world, Kurilpa Bridge – Brisbane
NASA's Super Ball Bot is an early prototype to land on another planet without an airbag, and then be mobile to explore. The tensegrity structure provides structural compliance absorbing landing impact forces and motion is applied by changing cable lengths, 2014.
Proto-Tensegrity Prism by Karl Ioganson, 1921
Buckminster Fuller
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Richard Buckminster Fuller was an American architect, systems theorist, writer, designer, inventor, philosopher, and futurist. He styled his name as R. Buckminster Fuller in his writings, publishing more than 30 books and coining or popularizing such terms as "Spaceship Earth", "Dymaxion", "ephemeralization", "synergetics", and "tensegrity".
Fuller in 1972
Fuller c. 1910
A 1933 Dymaxion prototype
The Montreal Biosphère by Buckminster Fuller, 1967