1.
National Register of Historic Places
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The National Register of Historic Places is the United States federal governments official list of districts, sites, buildings, structures, and objects deemed worthy of preservation. The passage of the National Historic Preservation Act in 1966 established the National Register, of the more than one million properties on the National Register,80,000 are listed individually. The remainder are contributing resources within historic districts, each year approximately 30,000 properties are added to the National Register as part of districts or by individual listings. For most of its history the National Register has been administered by the National Park Service and its goals are to help property owners and interest groups, such as the National Trust for Historic Preservation, coordinate, identify, and protect historic sites in the United States. While National Register listings are mostly symbolic, their recognition of significance provides some financial incentive to owners of listed properties, protection of the property is not guaranteed. During the nomination process, the property is evaluated in terms of the four criteria for inclusion on the National Register of Historic Places, the application of those criteria has been the subject of criticism by academics of history and preservation, as well as the public and politicians. Occasionally, historic sites outside the proper, but associated with the United States are also listed. Properties can be nominated in a variety of forms, including individual properties, historic districts, the Register categorizes general listings into one of five types of properties, district, site, structure, building, or object. National Register Historic Districts are defined geographical areas consisting of contributing and non-contributing properties, some properties are added automatically to the National Register when they become administered by the National Park Service. These include National Historic Landmarks, National Historic Sites, National Historical Parks, National Military Parks/Battlefields, National Memorials, on October 15,1966, the Historic Preservation Act created the National Register of Historic Places and the corresponding State Historic Preservation Offices. Initially, the National Register consisted of the National Historic Landmarks designated before the Registers creation, approval of the act, which was amended in 1980 and 1992, represented the first time the United States had a broad-based historic preservation policy. To administer the newly created National Register of Historic Places, the National Park Service of the U. S. Department of the Interior, hartzog, Jr. established an administrative division named the Office of Archeology and Historic Preservation. Hartzog charged OAHP with creating the National Register program mandated by the 1966 law, ernest Connally was the Offices first director. Within OAHP new divisions were created to deal with the National Register, the first official Keeper of the Register was William J. Murtagh, an architectural historian. During the Registers earliest years in the late 1960s and early 1970s, organization was lax and SHPOs were small, understaffed, and underfunded. A few years later in 1979, the NPS history programs affiliated with both the U. S. National Parks system and the National Register were categorized formally into two Assistant Directorates. Established were the Assistant Directorate for Archeology and Historic Preservation and the Assistant Directorate for Park Historic Preservation, from 1978 until 1981, the main agency for the National Register was the Heritage Conservation and Recreation Service of the United States Department of the Interior. In February 1983, the two assistant directorates were merged to promote efficiency and recognize the interdependency of their programs, jerry L. Rogers was selected to direct this newly merged associate directorate
2.
National Historic Landmark
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A National Historic Landmark is a building, district, object, site, or structure that is officially recognized by the United States government for its outstanding historical significance. Of over 85,000 places listed on the countrys National Register of Historic Places, a National Historic Landmark District may include contributing properties that are buildings, structures, sites or objects, and it may include non-contributing properties. Contributing properties may or may not also be separately listed, prior to 1935, efforts to preserve cultural heritage of national importance were made by piecemeal efforts of the United States Congress. The first National Historic Site designation was made for the Salem Maritime National Historic Site on March 17,1938. In 1960, the National Park Service took on the administration of the data gathered under this legislation. Because listings often triggered local preservation laws, legislation in 1980 amended the procedures to require owner agreement to the designations. On October 9,1960,92 properties were announced as designated NHLs by Secretary of the Interior Fred A. Seaton, more than 2,500 NHLs have been designated. Most, but not all, are in the United States, there are NHLs in all 50 states and the District of Columbia. Three states account for nearly 25 percent of the nations NHLs, three cities within these states all separately have more NHLs than 40 of the 50 states. In fact, New York City alone has more NHLs than all but five states, Virginia, California, Pennsylvania, Massachusetts, there are 74 NHLs in the District of Columbia. Some NHLs are in U. S. commonwealths and territories, associated states, and foreign states. There are 15 in Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, and other U. S. commonwealths and territories,5 in U. S. -associated states such as Micronesia, over 100 ships or shipwrecks have been designated as NHLs. About half of the National Historic Landmarks are privately owned, the National Historic Landmarks Program relies on suggestions for new designations from the National Park Service, which also assists in maintaining the landmarks. A friends group of owners and managers, the National Historic Landmark Stewards Association, works to preserve, protect, if not already listed on the National Register of Historic Places, an NHL is automatically added to the Register upon designation. About three percent of Register listings are NHLs, american Water Landmark List of U. S
3.
Texas Historical Commission
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The Texas Historical Commission is an agency dedicated to historic preservation within the state of Texas. It administers the National Register of Historic Places for sites in Texas, the commission also identifies Recorded Texas Historic Landmarks and recognizes them with Official Texas Historical Marker medallions and descriptive plaques. The commission identifies State Archeological Landmarks and Historic Texas Cemeteries, a quarterly publication, The Medallion, is published by the agency and includes news and advice about preservation projects, Texas’ historic sites, and heritage tourism opportunities. Established in 1953, the legislature created the Texas State Historical Survey Committee to oversee state historical programs. In 2007, the legislature transferred management of state historic sites from the Texas Parks. Today, the agency employs about 100 personnel, the Texas Historical Commission leadership is composed of 18 members appointed by the governor with the advice and consent of the senate, serving overlapping six-year terms. All members must be citizens of Texas, and together represent all areas of Texas. The commission also employs personnel in various fields, including archeology, architecture, economic development, heritage tourism, history, public administration and these personnel consult with citizens and organizations to preserve Texass architectural, archeological and cultural landmarks. After the fair, these trails were all but forgotten, the Texas Historical Commission began its program based on these historical designations in 1998, starting with the Texas Forts Trail. The goal of the program is to promote tourism and historic preservation. The Texas Historical Commission preserves and operates 21 state historic sites across Texas and these unique places honor the past and inspire an understanding of what it means to be a Texan. From American Indian sites to frontier forts to common and elegant homes and the leaders and statesmen who lived in them, the purpose of the markers, which are available in a variety of types and sizes, is to educate the public. An application must meet requirements to be approved by the THC commissioners as qualifying for a marker. Beginning in November 2006, the Texas Historical Commission adopted a new marker program, Texas has the most prolific state historical marker program in the United States. The Historical Markers have been manufactured by The Southwell Company, located in San Antonio, in 1936 the company was awarded the contract to manufacture all of the bronze historical markers for the Texas Centennial. Since then thousands of cast aluminum historical markers have been provided for the State of Texas, in 1976, the company was selected to manufacture all of the historical markers for the Bicentennial. Recorded Texas Historic Landmark is the highest designation given by the Texas Historic Commission for significant structures in Texas, the THC may designate certain locations as State Antiquities Landmarks provided that they are not located on federal lands. These locations may fall into one of two categories, Historic buildings which must also be listed on the National Register of Historic Places, Archeological sites, which may not necessarily have NRHP listing, and whose locations are not available to the general public in order to avoid vandalism
4.
Austin, Texas
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Austin is the capital of the U. S. state of Texas and the seat of Travis County. It is the 11th-most populous city in the U. S. and it is the fastest growing large city in the United States and the second most populous capital city after Phoenix, Arizona. As of the U. S. Census Bureaus July 1,2015 estimate and it is the cultural and economic center of the Austin–Round Rock metropolitan area, which had an estimated population of 2,056,405 as of July 1,2016. In the 1830s, pioneers began to settle the area in central Austin along the Colorado River, in 1839, the site was officially chosen to replace Houston as the new capital of the Republic of Texas and was incorporated under the name Waterloo. Shortly thereafter, the name was changed to Austin in honor of Stephen F. Austin, the Father of Texas and the republics first secretary of state. The city subsequently grew throughout the 19th century and became a center for government and education with the construction of the Texas State Capitol and the University of Texas at Austin. After a lull in growth from the Great Depression, Austin resumed its development into a city and, by the 1980s, it emerged as a center for technology. A number of Fortune 500 companies have headquarters or regional offices in Austin, including Amazon. com, cisco, eBay, Google, IBM, Intel, Oracle Corporation, Texas Instruments, 3M, and Whole Foods Market. Dells worldwide headquarters is located in nearby Round Rock, a suburb of Austin, residents of Austin are known as Austinites. They include a mix of government employees, college students, musicians, high-tech workers, blue-collar workers. The city also adopted Silicon Hills as a nickname in the 1990s due to an influx of technology. In the late 1800s, Austin was known as the City of the Violet Crown because of the glow of light across the hills just after sunset. Even today, many Austin businesses use the term Violet Crown in their name, Austin is known as a clean-air city for its stringent no-smoking ordinances that apply to all public places and buildings, including restaurants and bars. The FBI ranked Austin as the second-safest major city in the U. S. for the year 2012, U. S. News & World Report named Austin the best place to live in the U. S. in 2017. Austin, Travis County and Williamson County have been the site of habitation since at least 9200 BC. When settlers arrived from Europe, the Tonkawa tribe inhabited the area, the Comanches and Lipan Apaches were also known to travel through the area. Spanish colonists, including the Espinosa-Olivares-Aguirre expedition, traveled through the area for centuries, in 1730, three missions from East Texas were combined and reestablished as one mission on the south side of the Colorado River, in what is now Zilker Park, in Austin. The mission was in area for only about seven months
5.
United States
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Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
6.
Geographic coordinate system
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A geographic coordinate system is a coordinate system used in geography that enables every location on Earth to be specified by a set of numbers, letters or symbols. The coordinates are chosen such that one of the numbers represents a vertical position. A common choice of coordinates is latitude, longitude and elevation, to specify a location on a two-dimensional map requires a map projection. The invention of a coordinate system is generally credited to Eratosthenes of Cyrene. Ptolemy credited him with the adoption of longitude and latitude. Ptolemys 2nd-century Geography used the prime meridian but measured latitude from the equator instead. Mathematical cartography resumed in Europe following Maximus Planudes recovery of Ptolemys text a little before 1300, in 1884, the United States hosted the International Meridian Conference, attended by representatives from twenty-five nations. Twenty-two of them agreed to adopt the longitude of the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, the Dominican Republic voted against the motion, while France and Brazil abstained. France adopted Greenwich Mean Time in place of local determinations by the Paris Observatory in 1911, the latitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle between the equatorial plane and the straight line that passes through that point and through the center of the Earth. Lines joining points of the same latitude trace circles on the surface of Earth called parallels, as they are parallel to the equator, the north pole is 90° N, the south pole is 90° S. The 0° parallel of latitude is designated the equator, the plane of all geographic coordinate systems. The equator divides the globe into Northern and Southern Hemispheres, the longitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle east or west of a reference meridian to another meridian that passes through that point. All meridians are halves of great ellipses, which converge at the north and south poles, the prime meridian determines the proper Eastern and Western Hemispheres, although maps often divide these hemispheres further west in order to keep the Old World on a single side. The antipodal meridian of Greenwich is both 180°W and 180°E, the combination of these two components specifies the position of any location on the surface of Earth, without consideration of altitude or depth. The grid formed by lines of latitude and longitude is known as a graticule, the origin/zero point of this system is located in the Gulf of Guinea about 625 km south of Tema, Ghana. To completely specify a location of a feature on, in, or above Earth. Earth is not a sphere, but a shape approximating a biaxial ellipsoid. It is nearly spherical, but has an equatorial bulge making the radius at the equator about 0. 3% larger than the radius measured through the poles, the shorter axis approximately coincides with the axis of rotation
7.
Governor of Texas
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The Governor of Texas is the head of the executive branch of Texass government and the commander-in-chief of the states military forces. The governor has the power to approve or veto bills passed by the Texas Legislature. The governor may grant pardons in cases other than impeachment or in the case of treason, the current Governor is Greg Abbott. The states first constitution in 1845 established the office of governor, the 1861 secessionist constitution set the term start date at the first Monday in the November following the election. The Reconstruction constitution of 1869 removed the limit on terms, Texas remains one of 14 states with no term limit. The present constitution of 1876 shortened terms back to two years, but a 1972 amendment increased it again to four years, the gubernatorial election is held every four years on the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November and does not coincide with the presidential elections. Despite the lack of limits, no Texas governor in the 19th or 20th centuries ever served more than seven. Former Governor Rick Perry, who served from 2000 to 2015, has now surpassed both records, becoming the first Texas governor to serve three consecutive terms. When Perry won the election on November 2,2010, he joined Shivers, Price Daniel. In case of a vacancy in the office of governor, the lieutenant governor becomes governor, one governor of Texas won his partys nomination and was elected President of the United States, George W
8.
Abner Cook
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He also built the west wing of the original main building of the University of Texas at Austin and the first state penitentiary in Huntsville. Cook was born near Salisbury, North Carolina, the son of William and he may have done a construction apprenticeship in Salisbury. At age 21, Cook moved to Macon, Georgia and found work in construction. When the Panic of 1837 brought building to a halt, Cook moved to Nashville, Tennessee, but there was work to be found in Nashville. Cook settled in Austin and supported himself with commissions for houses. Cook helped form the first Presbyterian church in Austin and built the congregations first log church with his own hands, on September 15,1842, he married Eliza T. Logan, with whom he had four sons. During this time there was little building construction in Austin so he partnered in 1840 with Jacob Higgins in ownership of The Higgins Mill in Bastrop, in 1847, Cook built a large residence for a wealthy Austin patron. Between summer 1848 until early 1850 he was at Huntsville, supervising the construction of the Texas State Penitentiary, Cook then designed and built three large Greek Revival homes in Austin which still stand, Woodlawn, the Texas Governors Mansion, and the Neill-Cochran House. As more trained architects moved to Austin after the Civil War and he built residences, commercial buildings and the west wing of the main building of the newly founded University of Texas. He died on February 22,1884 in Austin and was buried in Oakwood Cemetery
9.
Greg Abbott
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Gregory Wayne Greg Abbott is an American lawyer and politician who currently serves as the 48th Governor of Texas since January 2015. During the Governorship of his predecessor, Rick Perry, Abbott was the 50th Attorney General of Texas and is a Republican, Abbott was only the second Republican to serve as Attorney General of Texas since Reconstruction. Prior to assuming the office of Attorney General, he was a justice on the Texas Supreme Court, Abbott was born on November 13,1957 in Wichita Falls, of English descent. His mother, the former Doris Lechristia Jacks, was a homemaker, when he was six years old they moved to Longview and the family lived in the East Texas city for six years. At the beginning of high school, Abbotts family moved to Duncanville. In his sophomore year in school, his father died of a heart attack. He graduated from Duncanville High School and he was on the track team in high school and won every meet he entered his senior year. He was in the National Honor Society and was voted Most Likely to Succeed, in 1981, he earned a Bachelor of Business Administration in finance from the University of Texas at Austin, where he was a member of the Delta Tau Delta fraternity and the Young Republicans’ Club. He met his wife, Cecilia Phelan, while attending UT Austin, in 1984, he earned his J. D. degree from the Vanderbilt University Law School in Nashville, Tennessee. He commented about his marriage, that San Antonio is also where Cecilia and our marriage wasn’t just the joining of two families. It was a uniting of cultures, My Anglo heritage and Cecilia’s Irish and we may have come from different cultures but we realized that we share the same foundation, “Dos casas. The story of my family is as old as the story of Texas itself and he went into private practice, working for Butler and Binion, LLC between 1984 and 1992. Abbott’s political career began in Houston, where he served as a trial judge in the 129th District Court for three years. Abbott became a paraplegic when an oak tree fell on him while he was jogging following a storm in 1984 and he had two steel rods implanted in his spine, underwent extensive rehabilitation at TIRR Memorial Hermann in Houston, and has used a wheelchair ever since. He sued the homeowner and negotiated a settlement worth more than US$10 million. Governor George W. Bush appointed Abbott to the Texas Supreme Court, in 1996, Abbott had no Democratic opponent but was challenged by Libertarian John B. Hawley of Dallas. In 1998, Abbott defeated Democrat David Van Os 60–40%, in 2001, Abbott went back to private practice and worked for Bracewell & Giuliani LLC. He was also a professor at University of Texas School of Law
10.
Molotov cocktail
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A Molotov cocktail, also known as a petrol bomb, bottle bomb, poor mans grenade, fire bomb or just Molotov, is a generic name used for a variety of bottle-based improvised incendiary weapons. They are primarily intended to set targets ablaze rather than obliterate them, the name Molotov cocktail was coined by the Finns during the Winter War. The name was a reference to Soviet foreign minister Vyacheslav Molotov. The Finns sarcastically dubbed the Soviet cluster bombs Molotov bread baskets in reference to Molotovs propaganda broadcasts, when the hand-held bottle firebomb was developed to attack Soviet tanks, the Finns called it the Molotov cocktail, as a drink to go with the food. The wick is soaked in alcohol or kerosene, rather than petrol. In action, the wick is lit and the bottle hurled at a target such as a vehicle or fortification. When the bottle smashes on impact, the cloud of petrol droplets and vapour ignites. Other flammable liquids such as fuel, methanol, turpentine, jet fuel. Improvised incendiary devices were used for the first time in the Spanish Civil War between July 1936 and April 1939, before they became known as Molotov cocktails, after that, both sides used simple petrol bombs or petrol-soaked blankets with some success. Tom Wintringham, a veteran of the International Brigades, later publicised his recommended method of using them, We made use of petrol bombs roughly as follows, take a heavy curtain, half a blanket, or some other heavy material. Wrap this over the mouth of the jar, tie it round the neck with string, when you want to use it have somebody standing by with a light. Put a corner of the material down in front of you, turn the bottle over so that petrol soaks out round the mouth of the bottle and drips on to this corner of the material. Turn the bottle right way up again, hold it in right hand, most of the blanket bunched beneath the bottle. When near enough, your pal lights the petrol soaked corner of the blanket, throw the bottle and blanket as soon as this corner is flaring. See that it drops in front of the tank, the blanket should catch in the tracks or in a cog-wheel, or wind itself round an axle. Do not play with these things, the Battle of Khalkhin Gol, a border conflict of 1939 ostensibly between Mongolia and Manchukuo, saw heavy fighting between Japanese and Soviet forces. Short of anti-tank equipment, Japanese infantry attacked Soviet tanks with gasoline-filled bottles, Japanese infantrymen claimed that several hundred Soviet tanks had been destroyed this way, though Soviet loss records do not support this assessment. On 30 November 1939, the Soviet Union invaded Finland, starting what came to be known as the Winter War, the Finns perfected the design and tactical use of the petrol bomb
11.
Greek Revival architecture
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The Greek Revival was an architectural movement of the late 18th and early 19th centuries, predominantly in Northern Europe and the United States. A product of Hellenism, it may be looked upon as the last phase in the development of Neoclassical architecture, the term was first used by Charles Robert Cockerell in a lecture he gave as Professor of Architecture to the Royal Academy of Arts, London in 1842. With a newfound access to Greece, or initially the books produced by the few who had actually been able to visit the sites, archaeologist-architects of the period studied the Doric and Ionic orders. This was especially the case in Britain, Germany and the United States, Greek Revival architecture took a different course in a number of countries, lasting until the Civil War in America and even later in Scotland. Despite the unbounded prestige of ancient Greece amongst the elite of Europe. The monuments of Greek antiquity were known chiefly from Pausanias and other literary sources, visiting Ottoman Greece was difficult and dangerous business prior to the period of stagnation beginning with the Great Turkish War. Few Grand Tourists called on Athens during the first half of the 18th century and it would take until the expedition funded by the Society of Dilettanti of 1751 by James Stuart and Nicholas Revett before serious archaeological inquiry began in earnest. Access to the originals in Greece itself only became easier after the Greek War of Independence ended in 1832, Lord Byrons participation, following James Stuarts travels to Greece in the early 1750s, intellectual curiosity quickly led to a desire to emulate. Stuart was commissioned after his return from Greece by George Lyttelton to produce the first Greek building in England, arguably the greatest British exponent of the style was Decimus Burton. In London twenty three Greek Revival Commissioners churches were built between 1817 and 1829, the most notable being St. Pancras church by William and Henry William Inwood. Such was the popularity of the Doric in Edinburgh that the city now enjoys a striking visual uniformity, nevertheless, Greek continued to be in favour in Scotland well into the 1870s in the singular figure of Alexander Thomson, known as Greek Thomson. In Germany, the Greek revival is predominantly found in two centres, Berlin and Munich, the earliest Greek building was the Brandenburg Gate by Carl Gotthard Langhans, who modelled it on the Propylaea. Ten years after the death of Frederick the Great, the Berlin Akademie initiated a competition for a monument to the king that would promote morality, similarly, in Munich von Klenzes Glyptothek and Walhalla were the fulfilment of Gillys vision of an orderly and moral German world. The purity and seriousness of the style was intended as an assertion of German national values and partly intended as a riposte to France. By comparison, the Greek revival in France was never popular with either the state or the public, what little there is started with Charles de Waillys crypt in the church of St Leu-St Gilles, and Claude Nicolas Ledouxs Barriere des Bonshommes. It would take until Laboustres Neo-Grec of the Second Empire for the Greek revival to flower briefly in France, the style was especially attractive in Russia, if only because they shared the Eastern Orthodox faith with the Greeks. The historic centre of Saint Petersburg was rebuilt by Alexander I of Russia, the Saint Petersburg Bourse on Vasilievsky Island has a temple front with 44 Doric columns. Leo von Klenzes expansion of the palace that is now the Hermitage Museum is another example of the style, following the Greek War of Independence, Romantic Nationalist ideology encouraged the use of historically Greek architectural styles in place of Ottoman or pan-European ones
12.
Mildred Paxton Moody
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Mildred Paxton Moody was the wife of Texas Governor Dan Moody. Upon her recommendation the Forty-second Texas Legislature established the Board of Mansion Supervisors in 1931, until its abolishment in 1965, the Board oversaw all interior and exterior upkeep and enhancements to the Texas Governors Mansion. She was born Mildred Paxton in Abilene, Texas on April 20,1897, to banker George Paxton and his wife Mathilde Warren Paxton. With a B. A. from Hardin-Simmons and an M. A. from the University of Texas, Moody also received a degree from Columbia University. During her enrollment at the University of Texas, Moody had been one of the editors at The Daily Texan student newspaper and her marriage to Texas politician Dan Moody was on April 20,1926, on her 29th birthday. Months later on election night, her new husband defeated the sitting Governor Miriam Ferguson, the 73-year-old Governors Mansion was in a state of neglect and disrepair when the Moodys moved in. Mrs. Moody appealed to the state Board of Control, and was granted monies to renovate the State Dining Room, for additional renovations and structural improvements, she received funding from her father. The lengthy process of bringing the mansion up to modern standards left her determined to convince the State of Texas to provide regular funding for the mansions future. When the Forty-second Texas Legislature created the Board of Mansion Supervisors shortly after her recommendation, Governor and Mrs. Moody spent their remaining years in Austin. The couple had two children, Daniel Jr. and Nancy, Dan Moody died in 1966 and was buried at the Texas State Cemetery. Mildred outlived him by 17 years, dying in 1983 and she is buried next to him. Texas A & M University Press
13.
Rick Perry
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James Richard Rick Perry is an American politician who is the 14th and current United States Secretary of Energy, serving in the Trump Administration. Perry previously served as the 47th Governor of Texas from December 2000 to January 2015, a Republican, he was elected Lieutenant Governor of Texas in 1998 and assumed the governorship in December 2000 when then-governor George W. Bush resigned to become President of the United States. Perry was the governor in Texas history. Perry was elected three times to full terms and is the fourth Texas governor to serve three terms. With a tenure in office of 14 years,30 days, Perry was, at the time he left office, Perry ran unsuccessfully for the Republican nomination for President of the United States in 2012 and 2016. On December 14,2016, Donald Trump announced his intention to nominate the longtime Texas governor as his Secretary of Energy, on March 2,2017, he was confirmed by the United States Senate in a 62–37 vote. Perrys ancestry is almost entirely English, dating as far back as the original Thirteen Colonies and his family has been in Texas since before the Texas Revolution. His father, a Democrat, was a long-time Haskell County commissioner, Perry has said that his interest in politics probably began in November 1961, when his father took him to the funeral of U. S. Perry was in the Boy Scouts and earned the rank of Eagle Scout, the BSA has honored Perry with the Distinguished Eagle Scout Award. Perry graduated from Paint Creek High School in 1968 and he graduated in 1972 with a Bachelor of Science in animal science. Perry said that the Corps of Cadets gave him the discipline to complete his animal sciences degree, I would have hit the fraternity scene and lasted about one semester. In the early 1970s, Perry interned during several summers with the Southwestern Company, I count my time working for Dortch Oldham as one of the most important formative experiences of my life, Perry said in 2010. There is nothing that tests your commitment to a goal like getting a few doors closed in your face. He said that Mr. Oldham taught legions of people to communicate quickly, clearly and with passion. Upon graduation from college in 1972, Perry was commissioned as an officer in the United States Air Force and he was then assigned as a C-130 pilot to the 772nd Tactical Airlift Squadron at Dyess Air Force Base. Perrys duties included two-month overseas rotations at RAF Mildenhall in England and his missions included a 1974 U. S. State Department drought relief effort in Mali, Mauritania and Chad, and two years later, earthquake relief in Guatemala. He left the United States Air Force in 1977 with the rank of Captain, returned to Texas, in 1984, Perry was elected to the Texas House of Representatives as a Democrat from district 64, which included his home county of Haskell. He served on the House Appropriations and Calendars committees during his three terms in office
14.
Anita Thigpen Perry
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Mary Anita Thigpen Perry was the longest-serving First Lady of Texas being in that role from 2000 to 2015. She is the wife of former Governor and current United States Secretary of Energy Rick Perry, as First Lady of Texas, she had been an active advocate for nursing and other health care issues. The Anita Thigpen Perry Endowment at the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio focuses on nutrition, cardiovascular disease, health education, in 2008, the Anita Thigpen Perry School of Nursing at Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center was renamed in her honor. Perry was born in Haskell, Texas and she is the daughter of family physician Joseph Eltidge Thigpen, a native of Bay Springs, Mississippi, and homemaker Beunis Ratliff Thigpen, originally from Haskell. Her parents met in Tyler, where Beunis was visiting relatives, dr. Thigpen had a distinguished flight record in World War II and earned several medals, including the Bronze Star. He also flew his own plane and was known for making house calls long after the practice ceased to be the norm and her paternal grandfather was also a doctor and also named Joseph Thigpen. She is named for an aunt, Anita Thigpen Yelverton. She has three siblings, Joseph Thigpen, Peggy Hairgrove, and Emily Solis, like Rick, she is a graduate of Haskell High School. She then obtained a Master of Science degree in nursing from the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio and she worked in the nursing profession for more than seventeen years, including surgery, pediatrics, intensive care, administration, and teaching and as a consultant. Although the Perry tax returns indicate she worked as a nurse, Perry became First Lady of Texas in 2000 when Rick became governor after the resignation of President-elect George W. Bush. He previously served for two years as lieutenant governor, in October 2000, she and Rick hosted the first Texas Conference for Women which became an annual event. The conference addresses such issues as professional development, health care, Rick announced his candidacy for the Republican nomination for President of the United States in the 2012 presidential election on August 13,2011, in Charleston, South Carolina. On January 19,2012, Rick announced he would suspend his campaign, Perry met Rick from the nearby community of Paint Creek, when they were both children at an elementary school piano recital. They married on November 6,1982 in Haskell, Texas. S, navy Captain Brett Michael Hayes on October 15,2016, in Las Vegas, Nevada. They previously attended the Tarrytown United Methodist Church, in Austin, they belong to nondenominational Lake Hills Church since 2010. They also have two granddaughters Ella Gray Perry, born June 20,2013, and Piper Thigpen Perry, born February 7,2015
15.
Fire marshal
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Fire marshals duties vary but usually include fire code enforcement or investigating fires for origin and cause. Fire marshals may be sworn law-enforcement officers and are experienced firefighters. In larger cities with substantially developed fire departments the local fire departments are sometimes delegated some of the duties of the fire marshal, a fire marshals duties vary by location. In many areas, the marshal is responsible for enforcing laws concerning flammable materials. Fire Marshals provide advisory services to fire departments and assist in code writing. The Fire Investigation Section of the OFM also inbased on various criteria from fire departments and police agencies. Office of State Fire Marshal, purpose, qualifications – to promote health and safety and to reduce hazards to life, limb and property. The office shall perform its duties by performing inspections and fire investigations, by providing public education, the person appointed as SFM shall have extensive experience in the field of fire prevention and fire protection including administrative experience in such capacity. The SFM may also appoint other assistant fire inspectors as are necessary in areas which are not under the jurisdiction of a fire chief. 4) At the written request of county or municipal authorities, make, 7) Administer the arson detection reward fund established by § 41-2167. The SFM and the state are not liable for damages caused by information which is omitted from the rules, the plans and specifications shall be reviewed and approved or disapproved within sixty days of submission. No construction shall commence until the plans have been approved and a permit has been issued, the SFM may, Conduct or participate in investigations of causes, origins and circumstances of fires, including cases of possible arson. Prescribe a uniform system of reporting fires and their causes and effects, provide and coordinate training in firefighting and fire prevention and cooperate with educational institutions to provide and further such training. Employ specialized testing services to evaluate evidence and conditions involved in fire investigations, designate certain members of the SFMs staff as arson investigators. The primary duty of investigators is the investigation, detections and apprehension of persons who have violated or are suspected of violating any provision of Arizona title 13, chapter 17. A person designated as an investigator, while engaged in arson investigation in this state, possesses. Any individual designated as an arson investigator shall have law enforcement training under Arizona § 41-1822, the fire marshal or his designated representative may investigate fire damage and shall carry out periodic inspection programs of buildings and premises to examine or inspect for fire hazards. Like most states, Californian Fire marshals are typically associated with a city or regions local fire department, yet, California has two additional authorities that hold the official designations of Fire Marshal
16.
Texas Ranger Division
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The Texas Ranger Division, commonly called the Texas Rangers, is a law enforcement agency with statewide jurisdiction in Texas, based in the capital city of Austin. The Texas Rangers were unofficially created by Stephen F. Austin in a written in 1823 and were first headed by Captain Morris. After a decade, on August 10,1835, Daniel Parker introduced a resolution to the Permanent Council creating a body of rangers to protect the border. The unit was dissolved by the authorities during the post–Civil War Reconstruction Era. Since 1935, the organization has been a division of the Texas Department of Public Safety, as of 2014, there are 150 commissioned members of the Ranger force. During their history, a distinct Ranger tradition has evolved, their significance to Texians. There is a dedicated to the Texas Rangers in Waco. While there is discussion as to when Austin actually employed men as rangers. The Texas Rangers were formally constituted in 1835 and, in November, within two years the Rangers comprised more than 300 men. Following the Texas Revolution and the creation of the Republic of Texas, lamar, raised a force of 56 Rangers to fight the Cherokee and the Comanche, partly in retaliation for the support they had given the Mexicans at the Cordova Rebellion against the Republic. Ten rangers were killed in the Battle of Stone Houses in 1837 and they played important roles at various battles, acting as guides and participating in Counter-guerrilla warfare, soon establishing a fearsome reputation among both Mexicans and Americans. Richard Addison Gillespie, a famed Texas Ranger, died at Monterrey, John Jackson Tumlinson Sr. the first alcalde of the Colorado district, is considered by many Texas Ranger historians to be the first Texas Ranger killed in the line of duty. One of his most urgent issues was protection of settlers from theft, on his way to San Antonio, in 1823, to discuss the issue with the governor, Tumlinson was killed by Native Americans. His travelling companion, a Mr. Newman, escaped, the now 100-strong Rangers participated in campaigns against the Comanche and other tribes, whose raids against the settlers and their properties had become common. Ford and his Rangers fought the Comanche in the Battle of Little Robe Creek in 1858, the success of a series of campaigns in the 1860s marked a turning point in Rangers history. The U. S. Army could provide limited and thinly-stretched protection in the enormous territory of Texas. Such a force could use the deep familiarity with the territory and this option was not pursued, in view of the emerging national political problems, and the Rangers were again dissolved. Many Rangers enlisted to fight for the Confederacy following the secession of Texas from the United States in 1861 during the Civil War, in 1870, during Reconstruction, the Rangers were briefly replaced by a Union-controlled version called the Texas State Police, disbanded only three years later
17.
American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009
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Developed in response to the Great Recession, the ARRAs primary objective was to save existing jobs and create new ones as soon as possible. Other objectives were to provide relief programs for those most affected by the recession and invest in infrastructure, education, health. The approximate cost of the stimulus package was estimated to be $787 billion at the time of passage. Since its inception, the impact of the stimulus has been a subject of disagreement, studies on its effects have produced a range of conclusions, from strongly positive to strongly negative and all reactions in between. IGM Forum asked the question to leading economists in 2014. This new poll found 82% of leading economists strongly agreed or agreed that unemployment was lower in 2010 than it would have been without the stimulus. Revisiting the question about the benefits outweighing the costs, 56% strongly agreed or agreed that it did, 23% were uncertain, both the House and the Senate versions of the bills were primarily written by Democratic Congressional committee leaders and their staffs. Because work on the bills started before President Obama officially took office on January 20,2009, the House version of the bill, H. R.1, was introduced on January 26,2009. It was sponsored by Democrat David Obey, the House Appropriations Committee chairman, on January 23, Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi said that the bill was on track to be presented to President Obama for him to sign into law before February 16,2009. Although 206 amendments were scheduled for floor votes, they were combined into only 11, on January 28,2009, the House passed the bill by a 244–188 vote. All but 11 Democrats voted for the bill, and 177 Republicans voted against it, the senate version of the bill, S.1, was introduced on January 6,2009, and later substituted as an amendment to the House bill, S. Amdt. It was sponsored by Harry Reid, the Majority Leader, co-sponsored by 16 other Democrats and Joe Lieberman, the Senate then began consideration of the bill starting with the $275 billion tax provisions in the week of February 2,2009. Republicans proposed several amendments to the bill directed at increasing the share of tax cuts, the Senate called a special Saturday debate session for February 7 at the urging of President Obama. The Senate voted, 61–36 on February 9 to end debate on the bill, on February 10, the Senate voted 61–37 All the Democrats voted in favor, but only three Republicans voted in favor. Specter switched to the Democratic Party later in the year, at one point, the Senate bill stood at $838 billion. Senate Republicans forced a near unprecedented level of changes in the House bill, the biggest losers were states and the low income workers with major gains for the elderly and high income tax-payers. Additional debt costs would add about $350 billion or more over 10 years, many provisions were set to expire in two years. The House had more funds appropriated for education, infrastructure and for aid to low income workers, direct cash payments Senate – $17 billion to give one-time $300 payments to recipients of Supplemental Security Income and Social Security, and veterans receiving disability and pensions
18.
Chain-link fencing
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A chain-link fence is a type of woven fence usually made from galvanized or LLDPE-coated steel wire. The wires run vertically and are bent into a zig-zag pattern so that each zig hooks with the wire immediately on one side and this forms the characteristic diamond pattern seen in this type of fence. In the United Kingdom, the firm of Barnard, Bishop & Barnard was established in Norwich to produce chain-link fencing by machine, the process was developed by Charles Barnard in 1844 based on cloth weaving machines. The Anchor Post Fence Co. established in 1891, bought the rights to the machine and was the first company to manufacture chain-link fencing in the United States. Anchor Fence also holds the first United States patent for chain-link, the machine was purchased from a man in 1845 from Belgium who originally invented the wire bending machine. In the United States, fencing usually comes in 20 rod and 50 ft rolls, which can be joined by unscrewing one of the end wires and then screwing it back in so that it hooks both pieces. Common heights include 3 ft,3 ft 6 in,4 ft,5 ft,6 ft,7 ft,8 ft,10 ft, common mesh gauges are 9,11, and 11.5. Mesh length can vary based on need, with the standard mesh length being 2. For tennis courts and ball parks, the most popular height is 10 ft, the popularity of chain-link fence is from its relatively low cost and that the open weave does not obscure sunlight from either side of the fence. One can make a chain-link fence semi-opaque by inserting slats into the mesh, the installation of chain-link fence involves setting posts into the ground and attaching the fence to them. The posts may be steel tubing, timber or concrete and may be driven into the ground or set in concrete. End, corner or gate posts, commonly referred to as terminal posts, posts set between the terminal posts are called line posts and are set at intervals not to exceed 10 feet. The installer attaches the fence at one end, stretches it, finally, the installer ties the fence to the line posts with aluminum wire. Top horizontal rails are used on most chain-link fences, although not necessary, bottom rails may be added in lieu of bottom tension wires, and for taller fences,10 feet or more, intermediate horizontal rails are often added. Once stretched, a bottom wire should be secured to the line posts, one generally installs this wire before installing the chain-link mesh. The manufacturing of chain-link fencing is called weaving, a metal wire, often galvanized to reduce corrosion, is pulled along a rotating long and flat blade, thus creating a somewhat flattened spiral. The spiral continues to rotate past the blade and winds its way through the spiral that is already part of the fence. When the spiral reaches the far end of the fence, the spiral is cut near the blade, next, the spiral is pressed flat and the entire fence is moved up, ready for the next cycle
19.
Barbed wire
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It is used to construct inexpensive fences and is used atop walls surrounding secured property. It is also a feature of the fortifications in trench warfare. A person or animal trying to pass through or over barbed wire will suffer discomfort, Barbed wire fencing requires only fence posts, wire, and fixing devices such as staples. It is simple to construct and quick to erect, even by an unskilled person, the first patent in the United States for barbed wire was issued in 1867 to Lucien B. Smith of Kent, Ohio, who is regarded as the inventor. Joseph F. Glidden of DeKalb, Illinois, received a patent for the invention in 1874 after he made his own modifications to previous versions. Barbed wire was the first wire technology capable of restraining cattle, Wire fences were cheaper and easier to erect than their alternatives. When wire fences became widely available in the United States in the late 19th century and they made intensive animal husbandry practical on a much larger scale. Englishman Richard Newton brought barbed wire to the Argentine pampas in 1845, fencing consisting of flat and thin wire was first proposed in France, by Leonce Eugene Grassin-Baledans in 1860. His design consisted of bristling points, creating a fence that was painful to cross, in April 1865 Louis François Janin proposed a double wire with diamond-shaped metal barbs, he was granted a patent. Michael Kelly from New York had a idea, and proposed that the fencing should be used specifically for deterring animals. More patents followed, and in 1867 alone there were six patents issued for barbed wire, only two of them addressed livestock deterrence, one of which was from American Lucien B. Smith of Ohio. Before 1870, westward movement in the USA was largely across the plains with little or no settlement occurring, after the American Civil War the plains were extensively settled, consolidating Americas dominance over them. Ranchers moved out on the plains, and needed to fence their land in against encroaching farmers, the railroads throughout the growing West needed to keep livestock off their tracks, and farmers needed to keep stray cattle from trampling their crops. A cost-effective alternative was needed to make cattle operations profitable, the Big Four in barbed wire were Joseph Glidden, Jacob Haish, Charles Francis Washburn, and Isaac L. Ellwood. Glidden, a farmer in 1873 and the first of the Big Four, is credited for designing a successful sturdy barbed wire product. Gliddens idea came from a display at a fair in DeKalb, Illinois in 1873, Rose had patented The Wooden Strip with Metallic Points in May 1873. This was simply a wooden block with wire protrusions designed to keep cows from breaching the fence and that day, Glidden was accompanied by two other men, Isaac L. Ellwood, a hardware dealer and Jacob Haish, a lumber merchant. Like Glidden, they wanted to create a more durable wire fence with fixed barbs
20.
National Park Service
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It was created on August 25,1916, by Congress through the National Park Service Organic Act and is an agency of the United States Department of the Interior. As of 2014, the NPS employs 21,651 employees who oversee 417 units, the National Park Service celebrated its centennial in 2016. National parks and national monuments in the United States were originally individually managed under the auspices of the Department of the Interior, the movement for an independent agency to oversee these federal lands was spearheaded by business magnate and conservationist Stephen Mather, as well as J. Horace McFarland. With the help of journalist Robert Sterling Yard, Mather ran a publicity campaign for the Department of the Interior and they wrote numerous articles that praised the scenic and historic qualities of the parks and their possibilities for educational, inspirational, and recreational benefits. This campaign resulted in the creation of a National Park Service, Mather became the first director of the newly formed NPS. On March 3,1933, President Herbert Hoover signed the Reorganization Act of 1933, the act would allow the President to reorganize the executive branch of the United States government. It wasnt until later that summer when the new President, Franklin D. Roosevelt, President Roosevelt agreed and issued two Executive orders to make it happen. In 1951, Conrad Wirth became director of the National Park Service, the demand for parks after the end of the World War II had left the parks overburdened with demands that could not be met. In 1952, with the support of President Dwight D. Eisenhower, he began Mission 66, New parks were added to preserve unique resources and existing park facilities were upgraded and expanded. In 1966, as the Park Service turned 50 years old, emphasis began to turn from just saving great and wonderful scenery, Director George Hartzog began the process with the creation of the National Lakeshores and then National Recreation Areas. Since its inception in 1916, the National Park Service has managed each of the United States national parks, Yellowstone National Park was the first national park in the United States. In 1872, there was no government to manage it. Yosemite National Park began as a park, the land for the park was donated by the federal government to the state of California in 1864 for perpetual conservation. Yosemite was later returned to federal ownership, at first, each national park was managed independently, with varying degrees of success. In Yellowstone, the staff was replaced by the U. S. Army in 1886. Due to the irregularities in managing these national treasures, Stephen Mather petitioned the government to improve the situation. In response, Secretary of the Interior Franklin K. Lane challenged him to lobby for creating a new agency, Mather was successful with the ratification of the National Park Service Organic Act in 1916. Later, the agency was given authority over other protected areas, the National Park System includes all properties managed by the National Park Service
21.
Heritage Documentation Programs
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These programs were established to document historic places in the United States. Records consist of measured drawings, archival photographs, and written reports, in 1933, NPS established the Historic American Buildings Survey following a proposal by Charles E. Peterson, a young landscape architect in the agency. It was founded as a constructive program for architects, draftsmen. Guided by field instructions from Washington, D. C. the first HABS recorders were tasked with documenting a representative sampling of Americas architectural heritage, by creating an archive of historic architecture, HABS provided a database of primary source material and documentation for the then-fledgling historic preservation movement. Earlier private projects included the White Pine Series of Architectural Monographs, notable HABS photographers include Jack Boucher, who worked for the project for over 40 years. The Historic American Engineering Record program was founded on January 10,1969, by NPS, HAER documents historic mechanical and engineering artifacts. Since the advent of HAER, the program is typically called HABS/HAER. Today much of the work of HABS/HAER is done by student teams during the summer, eric DeLony headed HAER from 1971 to 2003. In October 2000, NPS and the American Society of Landscape Architects established a sister program, a predecessor, the Historic American Landscape and Garden Project, recorded historic Massachusetts gardens between 1935 and 1940. That project was funded by the Works Progress Administration, but was administered by HABS, the permanent collection of HABS/HAER/HALS are housed at the Library of Congress, which was established in 1790 as the replacement reference library of the United States Congress. It has since expanded to serve as the National Library of the United States, U. S. publishers are required to deposit a copy of every copyrighted and published work, book monograph. As a branch of the United States Government, its works are in the public domain in the US. Many images, drawings, and documents are available through the Prints and Photographs Online Catalog, including proposed, demolished, and existing structures, locales, projects, and designs. Jack Boucher, former HABS/HAER photographer Jet Lowe, former HAER photographer National Register of Historic Places HAER,30 Years of Recording Our Technological Heritage, IA, The Journal of the Society for Industrial Archeology. Documenting Complexity, The Historic American Engineering Record and Americas Technological History, IA, The Journal of the Society for Industrial Archeology. National Park Service−NPS, official Heritage Documentation Programs website
22.
Alabama Governor's Mansion
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The Alabama Governors Mansion is the official residence of the Governor of Alabama and the governors family in Montgomery, the capital city of Alabama. The current Governor of Alabama, Robert J. Bentley lives at the governors mansion, the original governors mansion for Alabama was occupied from 1911 until 1950, when the current mansion was acquired. The current mansion was added to the National Register of Historic Places on July 3,1972, the first official residence for Alabamas governor was acquired in 1911. Prior to that time, governors of the lived in private homes or local hotels during their terms of office. The first residence was built by Moses Sabel in 1906, the house, a Beaux Arts brownstone, was located on the southwest corner of South Perry and South Streets in Montgomery. It was purchased for use as a mansion by a special state commission. This commission was authorized to contract for the construction, purchase, or improvement of a residence, the former Sabel home cost the state $46,500. Governor Emmet ONeal was the first to occupy the mansion and Jim Folsom was the last, the state relocated the official residence from this house to the former Robert Ligon, Jr. house in 1950. The old residence was used as state offices for the Adjutant General and the Military Department until May 1959, when the property was sold to Montgomery Academy. It was subsequently condemned and demolished in 1963 as part of the construction of Interstate 85, the current official residence for the governor replaced the first executive mansion in 1950. Designed in the Classical Revival or Neoclassical style by the architect Weatherly Carter, it was built in 1907 for Robert Fulwood Ligon, the house was purchased by the state for $100,000, with an additional $130,000 spent on renovations and furnishings. Governor Gordon Persons and his family were the first to occupy the former Ligon home, assuming possession of it the day of his inauguration, the interior features 17 primary rooms, with a double staircase leading from the entrance hall to the second level. A formal garden, surrounded by an ornamental wall, originally covered the entire rear grounds of the property. These grounds now feature gardens, a pergola, a swimming pool in the shape of the state, a guest house, a stone grotto water feature. The entire property is surrounded by an iron fence, with octagonal guard houses at the main gates. In 2003, Patsy Riley, wife of then-Governor Bob Riley, coordinated an effort to renovate, the mansion had been closed to tourism for almost a decade. She and her First Lady and Friends of the Mansion organization raised private funds and it did not involve any taxpayer money. Alabama Governors Mansion George Wallace, Presidential Contender from C-SPANs The Contenders, broadcast from the Alabama Governors Mansion
23.
Alaska Governor's Mansion
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The Alaska Governors Mansion, located at 716 Calhoun Avenue in Juneau, Alaska, is the official residence of the Governor of Alaska, the First Lady or Gentleman of Alaska, and their families. It was designed by James Knox Taylor, the Governors Mansion was first occupied in 1912 by Territorial Governor Walter Eli Clark. The first floor includes a hall, drawing room, library, dining room, office, kitchen. The second floor contains four bedrooms, a sewing room. In 1936 the wood finish of the exterior was plastered over, in 1967-68 two guest suites and one large bedroom were added to the third floor. In 1983 a $2.5 million renovation that restored the decor to its original 1912 design also included new heating, electrical, plumbing. In its current configuration the number of rooms in the mansion, excluding great halls, garages, closets, there are ten bathrooms, six bedrooms, and eight fireplaces, amounting to a total area of 14,400 square feet. President Warren G. Harding in 1923, former President Gerald R. Ford in 1989. List of Governors of Alaska National Register of Historic Places listings in Juneau, aK-112, Alaskas Governors Mansion,716 Calhoun Avenue, Juneau, Juneau Borough, AK
24.
Arkansas Governor's Mansion
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The Arkansas Governors Mansion is the official residence of the Governor of Arkansas and Arkansas First Family. The mansion is located at 1800 Center Street in Little Rock, and is included in the Governors Mansion Historic District, until 1950, the State of Arkansas did not have an official residence for its governor. In 1947, Act 257 of the Arkansas General Assembly established a Governors Mansion Commission with an appropriation of $100,000.00, the site was the former location of the Arkansas School for the Blind, which had moved to new quarters near the citys Pulaski Heights neighborhood. The architects were Frank J. Ginocchio, Jr. and Edwin B, the architectural style of the mansion is Georgian Revival, colonial type. The main material of the exterior is brick, construction began in December 1947, and the Governors Residence became operational officially on January 10,1950. The first Governor to reside here was Sidney S. McMath, significant additions to the mansion were completed during the administration of Michael Huckabee. From 1986-1991, stock footage of the mansion was used for the television program Designing Women to represent the Atlanta home of character Suzanne Sugarbaker, played by Delta Burke. In 2008, footage of the mansion was used for the television program 30 Rock to represent the home of a character played by Steve Martin
25.
Governor's Mansion State Historic Park
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Governors Mansion State Historic Park is the location of Historic Governors Mansion of California, the official home of the Governor of California. It housed thirteen governors and their families from 1903 to 1967 and began housing the 39th, the mansion is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Located at 1526 H Street in Sacramento, the mansion has now returned to being the residence for the state governor and will still be used for public and state ceremonies. George Pardee was the first governor to live in the house, Ronald Reagan, who lived in it for only four months, was the last governor to reside there for nearly 50 years. The mansion resumed its role as a residence in 2015. The thirty-room, three story Second Empire-Italianate Victorian mansion was built in 1877 for local hardware merchant Albert Gallatin, the State of California purchased the house in 1903 to serve as a governors mansion. Many furnishings remain from former governors, including Pardees 1902 Steinway piano, velvet chairs and sofas belonging to Governor Hiram Johnson, the structure has been renovated a number of times over the years. In 1967 after the Reagans moved out, the mansion was turned into a museum, the third floor of the mansion has been closed to the public since the 1990s. The Governors Mansion was not occupied by state governors between 1967 and 2015, in 1974, an alternative governors residence was constructed in the Sacramento suburb of Carmichael and was completed just as Reagan left office. Jerry Brown, who succeeded Reagan, refused to live in the large residence, instead, Brown lived in a sparsely furnished apartment during his first two terms as governor from 1975 to 1983. When Brown became governor again in 2011, he opted to live in a 1, george Deukmejian, Pete Wilson, and Gray Davis all lived in different Carmichael residences. The former Carmichael house is now in a community called La Casa de los Gobernadores in Carmichael. It is located next to Ancil Hoffman Golf Course, the home overlooks the American River. Proposed for closure The Governors Mansion was one of 70 California state parks proposed for closure by July 2012 as part of a deficit reduction program and it was previously one of several state parks threatened with closure in 2008. Those closures were ultimately avoided by cutting hours and maintenance system-wide and he is the first governor to reside there since Ronald Reagan in 1967. Many Mansions in The White Album, official Governors Mansion State Historic Park website Parks. ca. gov, Online tour of the Historic Governors Mansion
26.
Colorado Governor's Mansion
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The Colorado Governors Mansion, also known as the Cheesman-Boettcher Mansion, is a historic U. S. mansion in Denver, Colorado. It is located at 400 East 8th Avenue, on December 3,1969, it was added to the U. S. National Register of Historic Places. It is open free-of-charge for scheduled tours, and also hosts public events. This building is located in Denver on the southeast corner of 8th Avenue, the exact address is 400 E. 8th Avenue. The Governors Mansion is also known as the Cheesman-Evans-Boettcher Mansion for its former owners, the building was built in 1908 after a design by Denver architects Willis A. Marean and Albert J. Norton. The house was built as a residence for the widow. The mansion was designed to accommodate two families, on November 8,1908, Cheesmans daughter, Gladys, married John Evans II, the grandson of John Evans, the second territorial governor of Colorado. The widowed mother and young couple lived together until the birth of the Evans first child, on January 2,1923, Alice Foster Sanger Cheesman died. Claude K. Boettcher purchased the mansion on February 23,1923, Boettcher was the head of a financial empire that eventually included sugar, livestock, cement, potash, steel, securities, utilities, and transportation. Boettcher was famous for his lavish parties which included President Dwight D. Eisenhower in 1952, Boettcher died on June 9,1957, and his wife in 1958. The house was inherited by the Boettcher Foundation, the foundation offered the house to the State of Colorado as an Executive Residence. The building needed a deal of work, and its fate remained uncertain for nine months in 1959 as three agencies of the State rejected the offer. On the last day of 1959, Governor Stephen McNichols accepted the building as a gift to the state, from then until January,2011, it has been the residence of Governors Stephen L. R. McNichols, John Love, John D. Vanderhoof, Richard D. Lamm, Roy R. Romer, William Owens, the building was restored in the 1980s under the direction of Edward D. White, Jr. Upon taking office in January,2011, Governor John Hickenlooper, following his divorce from his wife, Hickenlooper decided to live in the mansion on a part-time basis. The Cheesman-Evans-Boettcher Mansion is a formal, late Georgian Revival house, the building is surrounded by a wrought iron fence with cannonball finials on the brick posts. The walls of the mansion are red brick, there is a white wooden frosting under a hipped roof with prominent gabled dormers. The cornice is pedimented and dentiled, the west side portico has massive, two-story fluted Ionic columns
27.
Connecticut Governor's Residence
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The Connecticut Governors Residence serves as the official home of the Governor of Connecticut. It is located at 990 Prospect Avenue in Hartford, the Connecticut Governor’s Residence has served as the official residence since 1945. The house was built in 1909 for George C. F. Williams. It was designed in the Georgian Revival style by the Boston-based architectural firm of Andrews, Jaques & Rantoul, in 1916, Hartford architects Smith & Bassette designed the north and south wing additions. The three-story home originally stood on 14 acres that included a tennis court, a greenhouse. It remained in the Williams family until 1940, the property was acquired by the State of Connecticut in 1943. Today, the 19-room residence sits on 4 acres and has 15,000 square feet of living space with nine fireplaces, nine bathrooms, a pool and a pergola. The Governors Mansion is a building in the Prospect Avenue Historic District
28.
Delaware Governor's Mansion
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The Delaware Governors Mansion, also known as Woodburn or Governors House, is the official residence of the Governor of Delaware and the governors family. It is located in Dover, and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places as Governors House in 1972, the land Woodburn stands upon was granted to David Morgan and his heirs in 1684 by the Swedish crown. In the 1780s Charles Hillyard III purchased the land at a sale for $110. In 1790 he constructed the home that would be called Woodburn, the house was inherited by Mary, Hillyards daughter, and her husband, Martin W. Bates. Bates was a doctor, merchant, lawyer and a U. S. Senator, in 1820 Bates leased Woodburn to the Governor, Jacob Stout, the first time Woodburn was used as the executives residence. Bates sold the house in 1825 to Daniel & Mary Cowgill, Cowgill, devoted abolitionist and a Quaker, freed his familys slaves and allowed them to meet in the great hall at Woodburn. The house remained in the family for years until it was sold in 1912 to Daniel O. Hastings, in his ownership the brick front porch, pillars on the south facade, a reflecting pool and numerous interior modifications were completed. He sold the house in 1918 to retired Philadelphia dentist Frank Hall, in Halls residency, a young guest named Jessica Irby visited the house, she would later live in the house as the wife of a governor of Delaware. Upon the Halls death in 1953 there was a proposal to secure the house as the governors mansion, the property was divided in two, with a school purchasing the majority of the land and Thomas Murray purchasing the house and a surrounding acre and a half. The proposal of a residence for the governor was revived in 1965 when Governor Charles L. Terry, Jr. and his wife, Jessica Irby-Terry, the house was refurbished by Mrs. Terry with period pieces dating from the houses construction. The decoration was completed a year later and a house was held in February 1966. Woodburn has served as the residence ever since. The two-story brick home is in the Flemish bond pattern and has endured more than 200 years, the main section of the house has three bays with the main entrance on the far right. The large Dutch door and original wrought-iron strap hinges and iron lock box allow the door to swing open with little effort, the door is surmounted by a large fanlight inside a projecting pediment. The double sash,9 panel windows are framed by sandstone blocks above and below, a brick chimney projects through the sloped roof. The wing has slightly smaller windows with a basement entryway, keating, Cathy, Our Governors Mansions, Abrams Books, New York, New York 1997 ISBN 0-8109-3688-7 Official website Historic American Buildings Survey No. DE-146, Woodburn, Kings Highway, Dover, Kent County, DE,5 photos,3 data pages, supplemental material
29.
Florida Governor's Mansion
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The Florida Governors Mansion is a historic U. S. residence in Tallahassee, Florida. On July 20,2006, it was added to the U. S. National Register of Historic Places, the mansion, which was designed to resemble Andrew Jacksons Hermitage, was designed by Marion Sims Wyeth, who also designed numerous Palm Beach mansions including Mar-a-Lago. The building has 30 rooms and 15,000 square feet of living space on 1.5 acres of land, the mansions furnishings are managed by the eight-member Governors Mansion Commission, established by the Florida Department of Management Services. Half-hour, public tours of the Florida Governors Mansion are available year-round, the guided tours, led by trained volunteers of the Governors Mansion Docent Program, also welcomes school groups. The Governors Mansion curator coordinates all tour requests, the sculpture features five life-size children and a dog playing a game of Follow the Leader atop three logs of a fallen tree. From 1845 to the beginning of the 20th century, governors of the state lived in hotels or boardinghouses. Henry John Klutho designed the home, with a Neoclassical exterior, the 1907 mansion attracted at least one candidate for governor. In the fall of 1915, West Florida Baptists held their convention in Tallahassee. Local Baptists agreed to have as guests in their homes the delegates, or messengers as they were called, a messenger named Sidney J. Catts, from DeFuniak Springs, was assigned by the convention committee to be the guest of Governor and Mrs. Trammell. Reverend Catts, during dinner the first night there, asked questions about the mansion and inspected the entire premises, including the attic. At the last meal before leaving, the Reverend Catts asked Governor Trammel, Governor, Governor Trammel replied, Reverend, it is provided rent-free by the taxpayers of Florida. A few weeks later, the Reverend Catts announced his candidacy for governor and was elected in 1916, Reverend Catts brought a pig, milk cow, and chickens to the mansion during his tenure as governor. Governor Fuller Warren, who served from 1949 to 1953, referred to it as the State Shack, the sum of $250,000 was appropriated by the Florida State Legislature in 1953 for a new mansion, and the Cabinet approved the plan in 1955. Many items in the first mansion were auctioned in 1955 to aid in furnishing the new mansion, noted Palm Beach architect Marion Sims Wyeth was unanimously chosen by both the Cabinet and the Governors Mansion Advisory Committee to design the new home. Wyeth was told to use Andrew Jacksons home in Tennessee, The Hermitage, however, due to a shortfall in the states budget, the completed home had fewer rooms than originally planned. Including furnishings, the new mansion cost $350,000 and was completed a year later, the first governor to live in the new mansion was LeRoy Collins, in the spring of 1957. Collins and his wife were involved in the new houses construction. In 1979, First Lady Adele Graham, the wife of Bob Graham, the next year, she founded the Florida Governors Mansion Foundation
30.
Georgia Governor's Mansion
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The Governors Mansion is the official home of the governor of the U. S. State of Georgia. The mansion is located at 391 West Paces Ferry Road NW, the current Governors Mansion is on property that belonged to former Atlanta mayor Robert Maddox, who owned a large English Tudor-style home on the site. A fire destroyed a part of the house and Mr. Maddox sold the property to the state. The remainder of the home was demolished to construct the current mansion, the Governors Mansion is a three-level, 30-room, Greek Revival style home built in 1967. It stands on approximately 18 acres on historic West Paces Ferry Road in north-northwest Atlanta and it was designed by Georgia architect Thomas Bradbury and officially opened on January 1,1968. It also led to the tornado being called the governors tornado, later in 2008, the front door was damaged by fire during another renovation on the afternoon of September 11. The Atlanta Fire Department quickly extinguished the fire, and determined through thermal imaging that the fire had not spread inside the wall, few people were present and nobody was injured, as it was after work hours, and the governor and his wife were away. The house covers 24,000 square feet and has a total of 30 Doric columns around the porches and these columns are made from California redwoods and are each 24 feet high. They are hollowed out and specially treated on the inside to handle water drainage from the roof, the setting is park-like with numerous trees. On the grounds is the pool, tennis courts, childrens play area. The centerpiece of the entrance is a Georgia marble fountain with three large flagpoles, the mansion has three levels, a lower level, the main level, and the upper level. The lower level has various rooms supporting the mansion, the ballroom is located on this level. The ballroom has a capacity of 175 for formal dinner and has uses for smaller functions as well, the pool and outside patio are also off this level. The main floor can be considered the State Floor, the majority of the rooms on this floor are used for official entertaining. The rooms also can be used for day-to-day activities, the Entrance Hall is the first thing you see as you enter. Flanking the right side is the Georgia Library containing books written by Georgia authors, flanking the left of the entrance is the guest bedroom, which is the only bedroom on the main floor. Walking your way toward the back of the mansion you find the Circular Hall with its grand staircase, located on the right the State Dining Room and the State sitting room on the Left. They are both used for state functions
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Washington Place
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Washington Place is a Greek Revival palace in the Hawaii Capital Historic District in Honolulu, Hawaiʻi. It was where Queen Liliʻuokalani was arrested during the overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom, later it became the official residence of the Governor of Hawaiʻi. It is a National Historic Landmark, designated in 2007, the current governors residence was built in 2008 behind the historic residence, and is located on the same grounds as Washington Place. An American merchant sea captain, John Dominis came to America in 1819 from Trieste, after making a number of voyages across the Pacific, he relocated to the islands in 1837 with his Bostonian wife Mary Jones Dominis and son John Owen Dominis from New York. The captain was awarded land in 1842 as settlement of a lawsuit with the British Consul Richard Charlton. The captain continued to take voyages to raise money for the construction of a house, in 1846 he sailed for China on the Brig William Neilson, intending to purchase Chinese-made furniture for the house, which was nearing completion. The ship was lost at sea, along with the American Agent George Brown and she rented out a suite of rooms to support herself and young John Owen. One of the first boarders was Anthony Ten Eyck, an American Commissioner to the appointed by President James K. Polk who established the American Legation in the house. Ten Eyck named the house Washington Place in a February 22,1848 letter, after George Washington in celebration of the first US presidents birthday, King Kamehameha III officially approved the name. The American flag was raised at the residence until Mary Dominiss death in 1889 when Liliuokalani had it removed, in 1917, Liliuokalani raised the American flag at Washington Place in honor of five Hawaiian sailors who had perished in the sinking of the SS Aztec by German submarines. Her act was interpreted by many as her support of the United States. The building was designed by the master carpenter Isaac Hart, who had built the first ʻIolani Palace, the building was also constructed by Daniel Jenner, an Italian master mason. The interior was finished by the master painter Israel Wright. Native Hawaiians were also involved with the construction of the building, Washington Place in Honolulu, was constructed with open lānais on all sides. The foundation of the building, the level walls and the lower columns are constructed of coral stone. The upper floor is of frame construction. Washington Place conforms to period French Creole Greek Revival houses that were built along the lower Gulf-Coastal region of the southeastern United States. The home was constructed with an almost square core surrounded by a peristyle, the interior of the home is arranged in a traditional Georgian floor plan, with four distinct parlors on the first floor and four bedchambers on the second floor
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Illinois Executive Mansion
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The Illinois Executive Mansion is the official residence of the Governor of Illinois. It is located at 410 E. Jackson Street in Springfield, Illinois and is open to tours on Wednesdays and Saturday mornings, the Georgian style Mansion was designed by Chicago architect John M. Van Osdel. The Mansion was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1976, the 16-room manor was completed in 1855 and was first occupied by governor Joel Matteson, who held the official grand opening on January 10,1856. It is one of the oldest historic residences in the state of Illinois, the governors mansion is constructed in an H shaped configuration. During the Christmas season the mansion is decorated lavishly with Christmas decorations, although sometimes used for state functions such as state dinners and the like, the mansion proper is, for the most part, a historic site. The libraries, bedrooms, parlors, sitting rooms, etc. are maintained as they may have looked in the 19th century, the governor and his family are not expected to actually reside in the main mansion itself. Rather, a 7-room private apartment on the floor of the mansion is provided for the governor. Former Illinois Governor George Ryan and First Lady Lura Lynn Ryan refurbished much of the mansions furniture during their tenure using private donations, in 2011, a multimillion-dollar renovation was planned because the last repairs to the mansion were in 1971. In 2009, newly elevated Governor Pat Quinn announced that he was looking forward to living in the mansion, calling it the peoples house. The 2014 polar vortex led to significant water damage to the mansion, and Governor Quinn, shortly after his election as governor, Bruce Rauner announced that he and his wife would invest some of their money into repairing the mansion so they could live in it during his term. On July 18,2016, Illinois First Lady Diana Rauner announced a $15 million renovation project for the mansion, the work is planned to be completed by the Illinois bicentennial in 2018. Illinois Executive Mansion at State of Illinois website
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Indiana Governor's Residence
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The Indiana Governors Residence is the official home of the family of the Governor of Indiana and is located in Indianapolis, Indiana. In use since 1973, it is the official residence of Indianas governors. The Indiana Governors Residence is located in the district surrounding North Meridian Street in Indianapolis. It sits on an estate of 6.5 acres at 4750 North Meridian Street, designed by Scott Wadley, with the firm of Rubush & Hunter serving as architects, the English Tudor home was built in 1928. It was acquired by the state of Indiana in 1973 from attorney C, the home was then renovated for approximately $800,000, including $125,000 in funds from a Lilly Endowment grant. Renovation included the installation of air conditioning and modern wiring, although the appearance is similar to the other homes, it is structurally unique because its support and foundation are made of concrete, whereas typical Tudor homes are entirely wooden. The homes lower floor is open to the public and tours are offered regularly to visitors. The rooms available for viewing include the foyer, a library, the living room, formal and informal dining room, a sun porch, a kitchen, a butlers pantry. The second floor is reserved for the first family as an area and is off limits to the public. The home receives approximately 10,000 visitors annually, before Indiana became a state, the Indiana Territory had two governors. William Henry Harrison, the first governor, built a home in Vincennes. Built in 1804, it was one of the first brick buildings in the territory, the home is still preserved and is a National Historic Landmark. Thomas Posey, the second governor, had a home built in Corydon. The Posey House is preserved as part of a National Historic District, there have been six official residences of Indianas governors since Indiana became a state, but only five were actually inhabited by the first family. There were four other unofficial residences that governors also lived in no other accommodations were available. The first residence of a governor was in Corydon on a small hill overlooking the first statehouse, Governor Jonathan Jennings. The home was visited by United States Presidents Andrew Jackson and James Monroe, the building is no longer standing but a new home has been built upon its original foundation and uses its cellar as a basement. Governor William Hendricks also lived in Corydon at Governor Hendricks Headquarters, Floyd had built the home for himself, but lost it after the Panic of 1819
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Terrace Hill
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Terrace Hill, also known as Hubbell Mansion, Benjamin F. Allen House, and Iowa Governors Mansion, is the official residence of the Governor of Iowa. Located at 2300 Grand Avenue in Des Moines, Iowa, it is an example of Second Empire architecture, the home measures 18,000 square feet. It sits on a hill overlooking downtown Des Moines, and has a 90-foot tower that offers a view of the city. The house was designated a National Historic Landmark in 2003, Terrace Hill was built by Benjamin Franklin Allen, the first millionaire in Iowa, as a home for his family. The architect for this project was William Boyington, a popular Chicago architect, construction began in 1866, and was finished in 1869. The total cost of the project was $250,000 for the Mansion, the Carriage House, the original furnishings, the house had very modern features for its time, which included hot and cold running water, indoor restrooms, an elevator, and gas lights. When the house was first built, it was on the edge of Des Moines. As a result, Terrace Hill is now nearly in the center of the city, from the time Iowa became a state in 1846 until 1947, no official residence was provided for the Governor aside from Governor William L. Harding. At first the Iowa government considered building a new home to serve as the Governors residence, the Hubbell family—the owners of Terrace Hill—then offered the home to the state for use as a residence for the Governor and his family. In the fall of 1976, Robert D, Ray became the first Governor to use Terrace Hill as his residence when he moved there with his wife Billie Ray and their three daughters. Governors Terry Branstad, Tom Vilsack, and Chet Culver have occupied Terrace Hill since then, Terrace Hill is located at 2300 Grand Avenue, south of Interstate 235. Most visitors stop first at the Carriage House, which is located near the house, nowadays the building is used as a reception area for most visitors who arrive to tour the home. It also contains permanent and unique changing exhibits - such as a permanent display on the owners of the house. The first floor of Terrace Hill is a formal area, the rooms on the first floor were used often for reception of important guests, a tradition which continues. The Vestibule is the area to the mansion. Formerly, a servant would greet guests in the Vestibule and they would enter through two sets of doors there that weigh more than 200 pounds each. From there, guests would be taken to the Reception Room, guests would wait while their presence was announced to the owners, and the host or hostess would greet them in that room. Across the hall is the Drawing Room, at one time it was used for weddings and funerals of the homes residents
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Cedar Crest (mansion)
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The Kansas Governors Residence, also known as Cedar Crest, is the official residence of the governor of Kansas. Built in 1928 and bequeathed to the state in 1955, it became the residence in 1962. Kansas did not have an official residence until 1901 when the state bought 801 Buchanan Street. The property was auctioned off in 1963, and the building was demolished in 1964, portions of the building including bay windows, an oak staircase and balcony were incorporated in the downtown Ramada Inn, which was built in another part of Topeka in 1964. MacLennan died in 1933, when his widow died in 1955, the gift included 244 acres of surrounding land to be used as a park. Since 1962 it has used as the governors residence. It was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1982, during the 1990s, the mansion underwent a $4.4 million refurbishment program
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Kentucky Governor's Mansion
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The Kentucky Governors Mansion is a historic residence in Frankfort, Kentucky. It is located at the East lawn of the Capitol, at the end of Capital Avenue, on February 1,1972, it was added to the United States National Register of Historic Places. Kentucky Governor, Matt Bevin, and his family reside in the mansion. And Edward A. Weber of Fort Thomas, partners in the firm included G. S. Werner, the brothers Weber were selected from among four firms invited to submit plans. The new mansion replaced the Old Governors Mansion, built in 1798, the Act specified that the new mansion should be constructed, trimmed and finished with native stone produced from quarries in Kentucky. The Beaux-Arts design owed a great deal to the Petit Trianon at Versailles interiors were in neoclassical French taste, the landscaping design for the mansion was developed and implemented by William Speed of Louisville. The Governors Mansion Preservation Foundation is a charitable trust that is charged with conservation of the historic structure, the Governors Mansion is regularly open for tours. Old Governors Mansion Kentucky Governors Mansion
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Louisiana Governor's Mansion
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The Louisiana Governors Mansion is the official residence of the Governor of Louisiana and his or her family. The Governor’s Mansion was built in 1963 when Jimmie Davis was Governor of Louisiana, the Mansion overlooks Capital Lake near the Louisiana State Capitol in Baton Rouge. The Mansion was designed by the firm of Annan and Gilmer of Shreveport. The final construction cost for the building was $893,843.00, the inspiration for the exterior design was Oak Alley Plantation in Vacherie, Louisiana. Like many plantation homes built between 1830 and 1860, Oak Alley was designed with a second story veranda, the second-floor veranda found at Oak Alley was omitted. It was thought that the concept of a second story veranda was too informal for a Governor’s Mansion, along with the dramatic spiral stairway in the rotunda, there is an elevator running from the basement to the third floor, as well as a system of dumbwaiters. The main foyer at the features a mural that depicts various aspects of Louisiana History as well as symbolic references to many past Louisiana Governors. This mural was painted in the year 2000 under the administration of Governor Mike Foster. It was most recently updated with symbolic references relating to Hurricane Katrina, white Doric columns line the building on three sides. The columns are interrupted on the east side by a driveway leading to an underground garage, the exterior of the building is constructed of hand-molded brick that has been painted white. The roof is made of cleft- face Vermont non-fading, gray-green slate, front and side porches are of the same type of slate. Lamp posts located in the lot east of the building were once gas lights used in Plymouth. The mansion sits on an 8-acre parcel of land, the grounds include a tennis court, a swimming pool, a vegetable garden, and a fountain area. The Governors Mansion is located at 1001 Capitol Access Road in Baton Rouge, the mansion is open to the public for tours by appointment only. Old Louisiana Governors Mansion Tours of the Governors Mansion - Office of the Governor
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The Blaine House
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The Blaine House, also known as James G. Blaine House, is the official residence of the Governor of Maine and his or her family. The Executive Mansion was officially declared the residence of the Governor in 1919 with the name The Blaine House and it is located at Capitol and State Streets in Augusta, Maine, United States, across the street from the Maine State House. The Blaine House was donated to the State of Maine for use as a Governors residence by Harriet Blaine Beale in 1919, the house dates back to 1833 and was built by James Hall, a retired ships captain. James G. Blaine, then the Speaker of the Maine House of Representatives, purchased it in 1862 as a present for his wife, the former Harriet Stanwood, daughter of a prominent Augusta family. Blaine substantially enlarged the building, constructing an addition at the rear that was a replica of the original structure. During World War I the house was used by Maines Committee for Public Safety and it was presented to the State by Blaines youngest daughter, Mrs. Harriet Blaine Beale, and established by the 1919 Legislature as the official residence of the Governor of Maine. It was remodeled, to designs by the noted Maine architect John Calvin Stevens, carl E. Miliken was the first governor to occupy the residence. In June 2014, a system of high efficiency heat pumps was installed in The Blaine House in an effort to reduce the heating bill, with heating oil, The Blaine House used 5,074 gallons of oil at a cost of $16,775 in 2013. The oil boiler is going to be converted to natural gas in a further effort to reduce costs. The total cost of the upgrades is expected to be $115,000, the current residents are Governor Paul LePage and his family. The former first dog Baxter and current first dog Veto also lived there, Blaine, Presidential Contender from C-SPANs The Contenders, broadcast from the Blaine House
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Government House (Maryland)
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Government House is the official residence of the Governor of Maryland and is located at State Circle in Annapolis, Maryland. It has been the home of the governor since 1870 and it was designed by Baltimore architect R. Snowden Andrews. Jennings House was the residence of the Governors of Maryland from 1777 until 1870
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Governor of Massachusetts
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The Governor of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts is the head of the executive branch of Massachusetts state government and serves as commander-in-chief of the states military forces. The current governor is Charlie Baker, the Governor of Massachusetts is the chief executive of the Commonwealth, and is supported by a number of subordinate officers. He, like most other officers, senators, and representatives, was originally elected annually. In 1918 this was changed to a term, and since 1966 the office of governor has carried a four-year term. The Governor of Massachusetts does not receive a mansion, other official residence, instead, he resides in his own private residence. The title His Excellency is a throwback to the appointed governors of the Province of Massachusetts Bay. The first governor to use the title was Richard Coote, 1st Earl of Bellomont, in 1699, since he was an Earl, the title was retained until 1742, when an order from King George II forbade its further use. However, the framers of the state constitution revived it because they found it fitting to dignify the governor with this title, the governor also serves as commander-in-chief of the Commonwealths armed forces. According to the constitution, whenever the chair of the governor is vacant. The first time came into use was five years after the constitutions adoption in 1785. Most recently, Jane Swift became acting governor upon the resignation of Paul Cellucci, under this system, the lieutenant governor retains his or her position and title as lieutenant governor and becomes acting governor, not governor. The lieutenant governor, when acting as governor, is referred to as the lieutenant governor, the Massachusetts Constitution does not use the term acting governor. When the constitution was first adopted, the Governors Council was charged with acting as governor in the event that both the governorship and lieutenant governorship were vacant. This occurred in 1799 when Governor Increase Sumner died in office on June 7,1799, acting Governor Gill never received a lieutenant and died on May 20,1800, between that years election and the inauguration of Governor-elect Caleb Strong. The Governors Council served as the executive for ten days, the councils chair, the lieutenant governor does not succeed but only discharges powers and duties as acting governor. The governor has a 10-person cabinet, each of whom oversees a portion of the government under direct administration, see Government of Massachusetts for a complete listing. The tradition of the ceremonial door originated when departing Governor Benjamin Butler kicked open the front door, incoming governors usually choose at least one past governors portrait to hang in their office. The governor-elect is then escorted by the sergeant-at-arms to the House Chamber and sworn in by the president before a joint session of the House
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Michigan Governor's Mansion
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The Michigan Governors Mansion and summer residence are located in the U. S. state of Michigan. The primary residence is a mansion in a secured area of a private neighborhood of Lansing. The second home, a residence, is located on Mackinac Island. Both residences are owned by the state of Michigan and are maintained with private donations, the Michigan Constitution specifies that there is to be a Governors residence at the seat of government, and that the seat of Government shall be at Lansing. The governor’s mansion in Lansing was built in 1957 for Howard and Letha Sober, the furnishings were provided by the State of Michigan. American architect Wallace Frost, who was known for traditional architecture, the contemporary architecture was a change from his usual style. A garden room was added in the mid-1970s, the gated mansion sits on approximately four acres of secured area in the Moores River Drive estates of Lansing near the scenic Grand River. Governors who have lived in the mansion during their office tenure include William Milliken, James Blanchard, John Engler, the mansion in Lansing was renovated during the early 2000s and contains 10,300 sq ft, five bedrooms, and four baths. The current governor, Rick Snyder, has elected to remain at his Ann Arbor residence, the Michigan Governors Summer Residence on Mackinac Island is a three-story structure located on a bluff overlooking the Straits of Mackinac. It was originally built originally as a residence for Chicago attorney Lawrence Andrew Young. In 1944, the Mackinac Island State Park Commission purchased the home for its original cost of $15,000, since then, Michigan’s governors have used this home to host important events with national and state leaders. The house was named to the National Register of Historical Places in 1997, Governors Mansion The Governors Residence Foundation - State of Michigan
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Michigan Governor's Summer Residence
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The Michigan Governors Summer Residence, also known as the Lawrence A. Young Cottage, is a located at the junction of Fort Hill and Huron roads on Mackinac Island. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997, the fourth such lease was issued in 1901 to Chicago attorney Lawrence Andrew Young. Young retained architect Frederick W. Perkins to design the house, the house was owned later by the Hugo Scherer family of Detroit. In 1944, the Mackinac Island State Park Commission purchased the home for its original cost of $15,000, since then, the commission has provided the care and maintenance of the residence and surrounding gardens, and the cottage has served as the official Michigan Governors summer residence. The house has hosted multiple significant overnight guests, including presidents Harry S. Truman, Gerald R. Ford, the residence was refurbished and repaired during John Englers second term in office. Later renovations were conducted in 2011/2012, the governor’s summer residence is a three-story, L-shaped, Arts and Crafts structure located on a bluff overlooking the Straits of Mackinac. It has a foundation and full basement, with the third floor built into the wood shingled hipped roof. The walls and roof are finished with shingles, while the chimneys. The main facade, overlooking the village below, is symmetrical, with shingled corners, the rear wall of the porch is finished with board and batten siding, and contains large windows. The second floor above is shingled, and there are three dormers on the upper floor, one of the side facade has two massive chimneys and a small enclosed porch. The rear facade features a kitchen porch. The remaining facade holds the entrance, and contains both a recessed porch with shingled corners and another protruding porch. Above, the floor has two large bay windows, and there is a large dormer above. On the interior, the floor contains a large dining room and living room, along with a sun room, servants dining room, kitchen, rear entry and stair hall, a kitchen pantry. The living room has a staircase which wraps around a fireplace, the second floor has five bedrooms, four bathrooms, and a play room. The third floor originally had four bedrooms and one bathroom for servants and it has been remodeled to contain two additional bedrooms, with one of the original bedrooms converted to a bathroom. The house also has a basement, and contains approximately 7100 square feet
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Minnesota Governor's Residence
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The Minnesota Governors Residence serves as the official home of the governor of Minnesota. The house, located at 1006 Summit Avenue in Saint Paul, is on 1.5 acres of land, the building is slightly more than 16,000 square feet in size. The house was designed by Minneapolis architect William Channing Whitney for Saint Paul lumber businessman Horace Hills Irvine, the 20 room English Tudor house has nine bedrooms, eight bathrooms, and nine fireplaces. The law placed the house and its management under the jurisdiction of the Minnesota Department of Administration, from 1965 until 1980, governors were permitted to propose changes to the house. The Legislature provided renovation funds and the Department of Administration supervised the improvements, from 1965 to 1967, a committee assisted with furnishing the house, but the governor retained the authority to make changes. In 1974, the house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, with this designation, any renovation to the exterior of the residence must be reviewed and approved by the State Historic Preservation Office of the Minnesota Historical Society. It is also a property to the Historic Hill District. A giant Christmas tree, most often transported from Pine City, in 1980, in an effort to establish more consistent management for the house, the Legislature authorized the State Ceremonial Building Council. In 1983, the name was changed to the Governors Residence Council, the council develops restoration plans, approves alterations, and solicits contributions for improvements or furnishings for public areas of the building. There are five members at the mansion, a manager, an assistant manager, a chef, a housekeeper. At times during the summer, Minnesota Historical Society guides offer tours free of charge to the public
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Mississippi Governor's Mansion
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The Mississippi Governors Mansion is a historic U. S. residence in Jackson, Mississippi, located at 300 East Capitol Street. It is the second oldest executive residence in the United States that has continuously occupied as a gubernatorial residence. On November 25,1969, it was added to the U. S. National Register of Historic Places and it was designated a National Historic Landmark by the U. S. Department of Interior in 1975, an honor previously bestowed on only one other state gubernatorial residence. The mansion was declared a Mississippi Landmark in 1985
