Central Expressway (Dallas)
Central Expressway is a north–south highway in Dallas and surrounding areas. The best-known section is the North Central Expressway, a name for a freeway section of U. S. Highway 75 between downtown Dallas and McKinney, Texas; the southern terminus is at an intersection with "hidden" Interstate 345 and Woodall Rodgers Expressway. From south of Main Street and its crossing under the Interstate 45 overhead in downtown Dallas, Central Expressway became the South Central Expressway, renamed César Chávez Boulevard on April 9, 2010; the North Central Expressway extends from Woodall Rogers freeway to the Sam Rayburn Tollway in McKinney. For its entirety, the highway contains at least six frontage road lanes alongside the mainlanes; the road has at least 8 continuous general-purpose lanes between Downtown Dallas and SH 121 north of McKinney, except for a six-lane segment where it passes under Interstate 635. A 16-mile bi-directional HOV system, opened in 2007, extends from Interstate 635 to McDermott Road in Allen.
The expressway's junction with Interstate 635 is a five-level stack interchange known as the High Five Interchange, the tallest in the world. For the next six miles north of downtown Dallas, the freeway lies more than 30 feet below adjacent and cantilevered frontage roads; this 14-lane segment is one of the busiest highways in the nation, averaging 350,000 AADT in 2013. The North Central Expressway is near high-income neighborhoods and enclave cities such as Highland Park and University Park; the freeway is adjacent to popular districts including Uptown, Lower Greenville, NorthPark Center, the Telecom Corridor. Near the intersection of Central Expressway and Mockingbird Lane is Southern Methodist University, Mockingbird Station; the Dallas Area Rapid Transit light rail system has a tunnel underneath the North Central Expressway between downtown Dallas and Mockingbird Station. The freeway's architecturally distinctive design distinguishes it as one of the nation's most attractive urban freeways including 400,000 trees, making it one of the most landscaped freeways in Texas.
Every structure and element along the highway right-of-way was given aesthetic attention during the design phase. Support columns for overpasses and bridges have been designed to be as visually appealing as possible; the beige concrete columns which form the support structure for the retaining walls contrast with the brown, textured infill panels of the walls to create a multicolored and articulated edge to the freeway. Two million square feet of these walls along the nine mile -long project distinguishes the freeway. South of US 75's terminus, North Central Expressway continues south in the median of I-345 becomes a surface street through the eastern side of downtown Dallas; the surface street section south of Pacific Avenue was renamed for César Chávez in April, 2010. South of Cesar Chavez Blvd, State Highway 310 continues to carry the Central Expressway name all the way to I-20 and I-45; the Central project was first proposed by Dallas City Planner George E. Kessler in 1911, who suggested that the city buy the right of way of the Houston and Texas Central Railway to remove the railway tracks and construct a Central Boulevard in their place.
The Central project became a real project in the 1920s, but resistance from the Southern Pacific railroad company proved to be a serious obstacle that delayed the project for decades. Southern Pacific opposed the use of their railroad's right of way to construct the Central Expressway, it was this opposition and lobbying of political forces that caused the significant delays in the construction to the early 1950s. Parts of the North Central Expressway were opened in 1950; the route from Downtown to Mockingbird Lane was functional by the end of 1952, the whole route to Campbell Road in Richardson was opened for traffic in August 1956. By the time the Central Expressway opened for traffic, North Dallas and Richardson had expanded beyond expectations, the new highway was hopelessly inadequate by the 1960s; the Expressway did not reach the city of Anna and the northern Collin County line until late 1969 or early 1970. Prior to reconstruction, the North Central Expressway was considered to be one of the most poorly designed freeways in the nation.
Though an engineering marvel as Dallas's first freeway when it opened to traffic in 1950, the explosive growth that soon hit North Dallas and the nearby suburbs overwhelmed its design and capacity. By the 1980s, the four-lane freeway had acquired a reputation for severe rush-hour traffic jams. In the early 1980s, the Texas Department of Transportation floated plans to build an elevated structure above the existing freeway. After considerable study and debate, elevated structures were eliminated. Construction started in 1992 and was completed in November 1999. Total reconstruction cost was around $600 million. During Central Expressway's construction in the 1940s, the southern end of the road was routed through a historic African-American neighborhood, displacing 1,500 black residents; when preparations began for the 1990s expansion of the route, it was discovered that a quarter of the 4-acre Freedman's Cemetery, with graves dating back to Emancipation, had been paved over. Archeological excavations uncovered the remains of over 1100 men and children under existing and proposed roadways.
After their reburial, the site was turned into a memorial to the working-class black
Trinity River (Texas)
The Trinity River is a 710-mile-long river in Texas, is the longest river with a watershed within the U. S. state of Texas. It rises in extreme northern Texas, a few miles south of the Red River; the headwaters are separated by the high bluffs on the southern side of the Red River. Robert Cavelier de La Salle, in 1687, called the stream the "River of Canoes"; the name "Trinity" came three years in 1690 from Alonso de León, who called the stream the "La Santísima Trinidad". The Trinity River has four branches: the West Fork, the Clear Fork, the Elm Fork, the East Fork; the West Fork Trinity River has its headwaters in Archer County. From there it flows southeast, through the man-made reservoirs Lake Bridgeport and Eagle Mountain Lake flowing eastward through Lake Worth and the city of Fort Worth; the Clear Fork Trinity River begins north of Weatherford and flows southeastward through Lake Weatherford and Benbrook Lake reservoirs, northeastward, where it joins the West Fork near downtown Fort Worth and continues as the West Fork.
The Elm Fork Trinity River flows south from near Gainesville through Ray Roberts Lake and east of the city of Denton through Lewisville Lake. The West Fork and the Elm Fork merge as they form the Trinity River; the East Fork Trinity River begins near McKinney and flows through Lavon Lake Lake Ray Hubbard before joining the Trinity River just southeast of Dallas. The Trinity flows southeast from Dallas across a fertile floodplain and the pine forests of eastern Texas, many of which were settled during the period of the Republic of Texas; the Trinity crosses Texas State Highway 31 in Henderson County, near where the first county seat, was established. 65 miles north of the mouth, an earthen dam was built in 1968 to form Lake Livingston. It flows onward to the south, into Trinity Bay, an arm of Galveston Bay, an inlet of the Gulf of Mexico, its river mouth is near the town of southeast of Houston. Clear Fork of the Trinity River East Fork of the Trinity River Elm Fork of the Trinity River West Fork of the Trinity River Bachman Branch Cedar Creek Mountain Creek Fossil Creek Johnson Creek Red Oak Creek Richland Creek White Rock Creek Rowlett Creek Big Creek Fourmile Creek Five Mile Creek Ten Mile Creek Plans from the 1890s for a shipping channel along the length of the Trinity River were scrapped because it would have required extensive dredging to make the river navigable, although several overpasses were built with high clearances in anticipation of the shipping channel.
Locks were built 13 miles downstream of Dallas in the early 1900s. Original federal plans called for building 36 locks and dams from Trinity Bay near Houston to Dallas; the first built was Dam No. 1 in the city of Dallas at McCommas Bluff. Lock construction came to a standstill in the wake of World War I, however. Only Lock and Dam Nos. 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 20 and 25 were built. There are no plans for addressing these old locks located in various spots along the Trinity River. However, the Corps is working nearby on the Dallas Floodway Extension Project; the DFE Project is under construction and is helping to fulfill their mission, as directed by Congress in cooperation with the city of Dallas. It is helping to lower flood risk, provide ecosystem restoration and recreation to the citizens of Dallas; the Trinity River Corridor Project is intended to transform the Trinity River flood zone in downtown Dallas into the nation's largest urban park, featuring three signature bridges designed by acclaimed architect Santiago Calatrava.
A similar project is planned by the Tarrant Regional Water District, City of Fort Worth, Tarrant County, Streams & Valleys Inc. and U. S. Army Corps of Engineers to develop an area north of "downtown" as "uptown" along the Trinity River; this plan promotes a large mixed-use development adjacent to the central city area of Fort Worth, with a goal to prevent urban sprawl by promoting the growth of a healthy, vibrant urban core. The Trinity River Vision lays the groundwork to enable Fort Worth's central business district to double in size over the next forty years. Major flooding occurred on the Trinity River in the years 1844, 1866, 1871, 1890, but a major event in the spring of 1908 set in motion the harnessing of the river. On 26 May 1908, the Trinity River reached a width of 1.5 miles. Five people died, 4,000 were left homeless, property damage was estimated at $2.5 million. Now the wreckage of a shed or outhouse would move by, followed by a drowned swine or other livestock; the construction forces of the Texas & Pacific worked feverishly to safeguard the long trestle carrying their tracks across the stream.
This whole structure turned on its side down-stream, broke loose from the rest of the track at one end and swung out into the middle of the current and began breaking up, first into large sections and into smaller pieces, rushing madly along to some uncertain destination. Dallas was without power for three days, all telephone and telegraph service was down, rail service was canceled; the only way to reach Oak Cliff was by boat. West Dallas was hit harder than any other part of the city—the Dallas Times Herald said "indescribable suffering" plagued the area. Much to the horror of residents, thousands of livestock drowned in the flood and some became lodged in the tops of trees; the stench of their decay hung over the city. After the disastrous flood, the city's citizenry wa
Dallas
Dallas the City of Dallas, is a city in the U. S. state of Texas and the seat of Dallas County, with portions extending into Collin, Denton and Rockwall counties. With an estimated 2017 population of 1,341,075, it is the ninth most-populous city in the U. S. and third in Texas after Houston and San Antonio. It is the eighteenth most-populous city in North America as of 2015. Located in North Texas, the city of Dallas is the main core of the largest metropolitan area in the Southern United States and the largest inland metropolitan area in the U. S. that lacks any navigable link to the sea. It is the most populous city in the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex, the fourth-largest metropolitan area in the country at 7.3 million people as of 2017. The city's combined statistical area is the seventh-largest in the U. S. as of 2017, with 7,846,293 residents. Dallas and nearby Fort Worth were developed due to the construction of major railroad lines through the area allowing access to cotton and oil in North and East Texas.
The construction of the Interstate Highway System reinforced Dallas's prominence as a transportation hub, with four major interstate highways converging in the city and a fifth interstate loop around it. Dallas developed as a strong industrial and financial center and a major inland port, due to the convergence of major railroad lines, interstate highways and the construction of Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport, one of the largest and busiest airports in the world. A "beta" global city, the economy of Dallas has been considered diverse with dominant sectors including defense, financial services, information technology, telecommunications, transportation. Dallas is home to 9 Fortune 500 companies within the city limits; the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex hosts additional Fortune 500 companies, including American Airlines, ExxonMobil and J. C. Penney. Over 41 colleges and universities are in its metropolitan area, the most of any metropolitan area in Texas; the city has a population from a myriad of ethnic and religious backgrounds and the sixth-largest LGBT population in the United States as of 2016.
WalletHub named Dallas the fifth most-diverse city in the U. S. in 2018. Preceded by thousands of years of varying cultures, the Caddo people inhabited the Dallas area before Spanish colonists claimed the territory of Texas in the 18th century as a part of the Viceroyalty of New Spain. France claimed the area but never established much settlement. In 1819, the Adams-Onís Treaty between the United States and Spain defined the Red River as the northern boundary of New Spain placing the future location of Dallas well within Spanish territory; the area remained under Spanish rule until 1821, when Mexico declared independence from Spain, the area was considered part of the Mexican state of Coahuila y Tejas. In 1836, with a majority of Anglo-American settlers, gained independence from Mexico and formed the Republic of Texas. Three years after Texas achieved independence, John Neely Bryan surveyed the area around present-day Dallas, he established a permanent settlement near the Trinity River named Dallas in 1841.
The origin of the name is uncertain. The official historical marker states it was named after Vice President George M. Dallas of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. However, this is disputed. Other potential theories for the origin include his brother, Commodore Alexander James Dallas, as well as brothers Walter R. Dallas or James R. Dallas. A further theory gives the origin as the village of Dallas, Scotland, similar to the way Houston, Texas was named after Sam Houston whose ancestors came from the Scottish village of Houston, Renfrewshire; the Republic of Texas was annexed by the United States in 1845 and Dallas County was established the following year. Dallas was formally incorporated as a city on February 2, 1856. With the construction of railroads, Dallas became a business and trading center and was booming by the end of the 19th century, it became an industrial city, attracting workers from Texas, the South, the Midwest. The Praetorian Building in Dallas of 15 stories, built in 1909, was the first skyscraper west of the Mississippi and the tallest building in Texas for some time.
It marked the prominence of Dallas as a city. A racetrack for thoroughbreds was built and their owners established the Dallas Jockey Club. Trotters raced at a track in Fort Worth; the rapid expansion of population increased competition for jobs and housing. In 1921, the Mexican president Álvaro Obregón along with the former revolutionary general visited Downtown Dallas's Mexican Park in Little Mexico; the small neighborhood of Little Mexico was home to a Latin American population, drawn to Dallas by factors including the American Dream, better living conditions, the Mexican Revolution. On November 22, 1963, President John F. Kennedy was assassinated on Elm Street while his motorcade passed through Dealey Plaza in Downtown Dallas; the upper two floors of the building from which alleged assassin Lee Harvey Oswald shot Kennedy, the Texas School Book Depository, have been converted into a historical museum covering the former president's life and accomplishments. On July 7, 2016, multiple shots were fired at a peaceful protest in Downtown Dallas, held against the police killings of two black men from other states.
The gunman identified as Micah Xavier Johnson, began firing at police officers at 8:58 p.m. killing five officers and injuring nine. Two bystanders were injured; this marked the deadliest day for U. S. law enforcement since the September 11 attacks. Johnson told police during a standoff that he
Santiago Calatrava
Santiago Calatrava Valls is a Spanish architect, structural design and analyst engineer and painter known for his bridges supported by single leaning pylons, his railway stations and museums, whose sculptural forms resemble living organisms. His best-known works include the Milwaukee Art Museum, the Turning Torso tower in Malmö, the Margaret Hunt Hill Bridge in Dallas and his largest project, the City of Arts and Sciences and Opera House, in his birthplace, Valencia, his architectural firm has offices in New York City, Zürich. Calatrava was born on July 1951, in Benimàmet, an old municipality now part of Valencia, Spain, his Calatrava surname was an old aristocratic one from medieval times, was once associated with an order of knights in Spain. He had his primary and secondary schooling in Valencia, beginning in 1957, studied drawing and painting at the School of Applied Art. In 1964, as the regime of General Francisco Franco relaxed and Spain became more open to rest of Europe, he went to France as an exchange student.
In 1968, after completing secondary school, he went to study at the Ecole des Beaux Arts in Paris, but he arrived in the midst of student uprisings and turmoil in Paris, returned home. Back in Valencia, discovered a book about the architecture of Le Corbusier, which persuaded him that he could be both an artist and an architect, he enrolled in the Higher School of Architecture at the Polytechnic University of Valencia. He received his diploma as an architect and did higher studies in urbanism. At the University he completed independent projects with fellow students, publishing two books on the vernacular architecture of Valencia and Ibiza. In 1975 he enrolled in the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich, Switzerland for a second degree in civil engineering. In 1981 he was awarded a doctorate in the department of architecture, after completing his thesis on "The Pliability of three-dimensional structures." Speaking of this period, Calatrava told biographer Philip Jodidio:"The desire to start all over at zero was strong in me.
I was determined to put to one side all that I had learned in architecture school, to learn to draw and think like an engineer. I was fascinated by the concept of gravity and convinced that it was necessary to begin work with simple forms." Calatrava explained that he was influenced by the work of the early 20th century Swiss engineer Robert Maillart, which taught him that, "with an adequate combination of force and mass, you can create emotion." As soon as Calatrava completed his doctorate in 1981, he opened his own office in Zurich. He designed an exposition hall, a factory, a library, two bridges, but none were built, Finally in 1983, he began to receive commissions for industrial and transportation structures of greater size; the train station has several of the features. The railroad platforms curve, the supporting columns lean, the concrete walls of the modernistic cavern beneath the tracks are everywhere pierced with teardrop shaped skylights, tilting glass panels provide light and shelter without enclosing the platforms.
In 1984–87, he built his first bridge, the Bac de Roda Bridge in Barcelona, which for the first time brought him international notice. The bridge, designed for cyclists and pedestrians, connects two parts of the city by crossing a wasteland of railway tracks, it is 128 metres long, with twin arches. The upper portion of the bridge, composed of steel arches and cables, is light and airy, like a network of lace, anchored to the massive concrete supports and granite pillars below, his next bridge, the Puente del Alamillo, in Seville, was more spectacular and cemented his reputation. Built as part of the 1992 Expo 92, it is 200 metres long, its main feature is a single pylon 142 metres high, leaning to 58 degrees, the same angle as the Great Pyramid of Giza in Egypt in Africa. The weight of the concrete of the pylon is sufficient to hold up the bridge with just thirteen pairs of cables, eliminating the need for any cables behind it. At the beginning of the 1990s Calatrava built several remarkable railway stations and bridges, but broadened his portfolio by designing a wider range of structures, including a Canadian shopping center, a new passenger terminal for Bilbao airport.
And his first building in the United States, the new structure of the Milwaukee Art Museum. In 1992 he completed one of his most picturesque and sculptural works, the Montjuïc Communications Tower in Barcelona, a 136 m -high graceful concrete spire designed for the site of the 1992 Olympics; the concrete pylon leans backwards, seems to grasp the vertical broadcast antennas. Its form suggests an athlete about to throw a javelin; the circular building at the base of the tower, which contains the broadcast equipment, is clad in white bricks and is equipped with metal resembling an eye which opens and closes. The building has a Catalan touch, borrowed from
Uptown, Dallas
Uptown is a PID and an upscale neighborhood in Dallas, Texas. Uptown is north of and adjacent to downtown Dallas, is bordered by US 75 on the east, N Haskell Avenue on the northeast, the Katy Trail on the northwest, Bookhout Street and Cedar Springs Road on the west, N Akard Street on the southwest and Spur 366 on the south. Uptown is one of the most pedestrian-friendly areas in all of Texas, it is "new urbanist" in scope. Popular with young professionals, mixed-use development is the norm and an pedestrian culture continues to thrive; the now-upscale Uptown area was outside the city limits of Dallas, was home to those not welcome in the city. The west side, near present-day Harry Hines Boulevard, once hosted a large Hispanic neighborhood known as Little Mexico; the east side, now anchored by Cityplace Center, was the site of the Freedmen's Town established by freed African-American slaves. Little of this working-class history remains, with the Hispanic west being turned into high-rise buildings, the African-American east being destroyed by the construction of Central Expressway and Woodall Rodgers Freeway.
All that remains of Freedmen's Town is the Freedmen's Cemetery, which gained national recognition when Central Expressway reconstruction revealed over 1,100 graves beneath existing and proposed roadways. Until the late 1990s, this area was called the eastern part of Oak Lawn, but was re-branded as "Uptown" in the early 2000s to attract real estate investment. Uptown is one of the most pedestrian-friendly areas in the city of Dallas, it is "new urbanist" in scope. The district is one of the most dense in Dallas and is home to a diverse set of establishments including office buildings, residential towers, apartment complexes, retail centers, nightlife strips, hotels; this mixed-use development practice leads to an urban lifestyle for its residents, unlike the compartmentalized social structures of suburban bedroom communities and office parks which make up the majority of Dallas and its suburbs. 68.9% of Uptown residents hold a bachelor's degree or higher, the median household income is $79,699.
Businesses continuously relocate to Uptown Dallas to attract educated millennial workers who tend to demand the urban lifestyle that the neighborhood offers. Despite the boom of high-rise construction in Uptown, the commercial vacancy rate continues to drop and is 11.7%, compared to the vacancy rate of 20% in downtown. The educated nature of Uptown residents benefits elite firms such as Bain & Company, Boston Consulting Group, Goldman Sachs, all of which are located in the neighborhood. Additionally, two Fortune 500 companies call Uptown home: Dean Foods and Holly Frontier. Along with commercial high-rises, residential buildings are going up in Uptown; the newest apartments in Uptown cost an average of $1,800 per month, compared to the Dallas average of $888 per month. Recent projects include the Gables McKinney Avenue, which consists of 222 apartment homes, 17 townhomes, a Whole Foods Market store on the ground level fronting McKinney Avenue. Residents are within the Dallas Independent School District.
Houston Elementary School and Milam Elementary School cover portions of Uptown. All residents are zoned to North Dallas High School; the William B. Travis Academy/Vanguard for the Academically Talented and Gifted is located in Uptown. U. S. Highway 75 - Spur 366 McKinney Avenue Transit Authority - the M-Line - FreeStop sites along the route include: The Gallery Walk Shopping District, Stanley Korshak, West Village, Hotel Zaza, four historical cemeteries and The Dallas Museum of Art; the MATA Trolley extends into the north part of the Downtown Dallas area. Residents of Uptown Dallas may use this free trolley to commute to downtown dallas. DART: Blue Line and Red Line Cityplace Station DART: Green Line Victory Station State Thomas Howell Park West Village LoMac McKinney Ave Harwood Oak Lawn Turtle Creek Uptown, Dallas travel guide from Wikivoyage Uptown Dallas Association Dallas Uptown Guide
Texas state highway system
Texas state highways are a network of highways owned and maintained by the U. S. state of Texas. The Texas Department of Transportation is the state agency responsible for the day-to-day operations and maintenance of the system. Texas has the largest state highway system, followed by North Carolina's state highway system. In addition to the nationally numbered Interstate Highways and U. S. Highways, the highway system consists of a main network of state highways, loops and beltways that provide local access to the other highways; the system includes a large network of farm to market roads that connect rural areas of the state with urban areas and the rest of the state highway system. The state owns and maintains some park and recreational roads located near and within state and national parks, as well as recreational areas. All state highways, regardless of classification, are paved roads; the Old San Antonio Road known as the El Camino Real, is the oldest highway in the United States, first being blazed in 1691.
The length of the highways varies from US 83's 893.4 miles inside the state borders to Spur 200 at just 0.05 miles long. The Texas State Highway System can trace its roots to the establishment of the Texas Highway Department on April 4, 1917. Administrative control of the department was given to a three-member commission appointed by the governor for two-year terms. On June 21, 1917, the commission conducted its first public hearing to solicit input on potential highway routes; the committee divided the state into six divisions to be headquartered in Amarillo, Fort Worth, San Angelo, San Antonio. That year, the commission designated 26 state highways covering 8,865 miles which were to be accessible to 89% of the state's population. In 1921, Congress amended the Federal Aid to Roads Act of 1916 to require the states to take control of road design and maintenance of state highways by 1925; as a result, on January 1, 1924, the Texas Highway Department took full control of maintaining the state highways from the counties within which they resided.
In 1925, the state legislature granted the highway department the responsibility of surveying and building highways, the authorization to acquire new highway rights-of-way by purchasing, or condemning through eminent domain, land required for highway construction. By 1927, the highway system covered 17,960 miles, of which 96 miles were concrete, 1,060 miles were asphalt, 5,000 miles were gravel, shell or stone, 10,000 miles were clay or soil. In 1951, a 50-mile section of the Gulf Freeway opened. In 1957, the state began receiving federal funding for the construction of the Interstate Highway System; the first section of Interstate Highway from county line to county line to open in the state was a 43-mile section of I-35 in Bexar County. By 1967, the highway system controlled 66,000 miles of highway. In 1984, US 66 was replaced by I-40 and the US 66 designation was removed from the state highway system the following year. In 1992, the 3,200 miles of Interstate Highway System in Texas was completed with the opening of a six-mile section of I-27.
In 1997, the Texas Turnpike Authority was merged with TxDOT and independently, the North Texas Turnpike Authority became responsible for toll projects in Collin, Dallas and Tarrant counties. The Interstate Highway System in Texas covers 3,233.4 miles and consists of ten primary highways, seven auxiliary highways, the splitting of both Interstate 35 and Interstate 69 into multiple letter-suffixed branches. The Interstate Highway with the longest segment in Texas is I-10 at 880.6 miles. The shortest in the state is I-110 at 0.9 miles. The construction of the Interstate Highway System in Texas began well before these routes were designated as Interstate Highways. A 50-mile stretch of the Gulf Freeway between Galveston and Houston was opened in 1951, eight years before it was designated I-45, it was the first urban expressway in Texas. In 1962, 43 miles of I-35 opened in Bexar County, the first section of Interstate Highway to open from county line to county line in a large metropolitan area. Portions of I-10 west of San Antonio took much longer to complete due to the vast open spaces and lack of nearby labor.
The majority of the construction of this section of I-10 occurred in the 1970s and 1980s and was complete by the early 1990s. The section east of San Antonio was completed 20 years earlier in 1972; the opening of a 6-mile section of I-27 in 1992 completed the Interstate Highway System in Texas. Construction is ongoing for an extension of I-69 southward from its original terminus in Indiana through Texas to the Mexican border; when built, I-69 will extend about 650 miles across Texas, from the Louisiana state line in the Texarkana–Shreveport area to South Texas. Similar to I-35, I-69 splits into three letter-suffixed branches, I-69E, I-69C, I-69W; the United States Numbered Highways are a nationwide grid of highways, but unlike the Interstate Highway System, there is no minimum design standard for these highways. This is evident as some stretches of the U. S. Highways in Texas are nothing more than a two-lane rural road. Although the U. S. Highways have been replaced for the most part by Interstate Highways for through traffic, the U.
S. Highways still serve as important regional connectors. Several notable examples of U. S. Highways that are built to freeway standards include US 75 and US 80 in Dallas, US 59 and US 290 in Houston, US 90 and US 281 in
Arts District, Dallas
The Arts District is a performing and visual arts district in downtown Dallas, Texas. It is located south of State Thomas, it is bounded by St. Paul Street, Ross Avenue, Spur 366, the US 75/I-45 elevated freeway; the Arts District is the member of the Global Cultural Districts Network. The district is 68 acres large and is home to some of Dallas’ most significant cultural landmarks including facilities for visual and developing arts; the Arts District is home to 13 facilities and organizations including The Annette Strauss Artist Square, the Belo Mansion/Dallas Bar Association, Booker T. Washington High School for the Performing and Visual Arts, Cathedral Shrine of the Virgin of Guadalupe, Dallas Black Dance Theatre, Dallas Museum of Art, Dallas Symphony Orchestra, Dallas Theater Center, Morton H. Meyerson Symphony Center, Nasher Sculpture Center, St. Paul United Methodist Church, Fellowship Church, Trammell Crow Center, the Trammell & Margaret Crow Collection of Asian Art. In addition, multiple other organizations perform in the District on an ongoing basis.
This includes everything from concerts to outdoor festivals, to lectures, youth education programs, more. AT&T Performing Arts Center Annette Strauss Artist Square Dee and Charles Wyly Theatre Margot and Bill Winspear Opera House Moody Performance Hall Booker T. Washington High School for the Performing and Visual Arts The Trammell & Margaret Crow Collection of Asian Art Dallas Museum of Art Morton H. Meyerson Symphony Center Nasher Sculpture Center Klyde Warren Park DART: Blue Line, Red Line, Green Line, Orange Line St. Paul Station Pearl Station McKinney Avenue Transit Authority M-Line runs from McKinney Avenue south down St. Paul Street to Federal Street, east along Federal to Olive Street, north on Olive back up to McKinney. Spur 366 US 75 Central Expressway/ I-45 connection The Arts District is served by the Dallas Independent School District. One school, the Booker T. Washington High School for the Performing and Visual Arts, is located in the Arts District. Residents of the Arts District north and east of Akard Street are zoned to Sam Houston Elementary School.
Residents south and west of Akard are zoned to Hope Medrano Elementary School. All Arts District residents are zoned to North Dallas High School. Dallas Arts District AT&T Center for the Performing Arts Booker T. Washington High School for the Performing and Visual Arts Dallas Museum Of Art Morton H. Meyerson Symphony Center Nasher Sculpture Center Booker T. Washington School for the Visual and Performing Arts Advisory Board
I-35E / US 77 in Dallas
I-345 / US 75 in Dallas
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To I-45 south (via I-345 south) – Houston