Textual criticism or textology of the Primary Chronicle or Tale of Bygone Years aims to reconstruct the original text by comparing extant witnesses. This has included the search for reliable textual w
Copy of the calling of the Varangians text as preserved in the Laurentian Codex
Varangians native lable name 07
Laurentian Codex (click for full PDF)
Hypatian Codex (click for full PDF)
Textual variants in the Primary Chronicle manuscripts of the Kievan Rus' arise when a copyist makes deliberate or inadvertent alterations to the text that is being reproduced. Textual criticism of the
Textual criticism of the Primary Chronicle
…reliable textual witnesses (such as extant manuscripts and quotations of lost manuscripts); the collation and publication of such witnesses; the study of identified textual variants (including developing a critical apparatus); discussion, development and application of methods according to which the most reliable readings are…
The Novgorod First Chronicle Synodal manuscript (NPL St.) starts in the middle of a sentence about the Battle of Liubech. The preceding folios have been lost.
Radziwiłł Chronicle (click for full PDF)