1.
The Psychedelic Sounds of the 13th Floor Elevators
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The Psychedelic Sounds of the 13th Floor Elevators is the debut studio album by the 13th Floor Elevators. Another single from the album, Reverberation, reached number 129 on the Billboards Bubbling Under Chart, two other bands also used the word in titles of LPs released in November 1966, The Blues Magoos Psychedelic Lollipop, and The Deeps Psychedelic Moods. In 2005, The Psychedelic Sounds of the 13th Floor Elevators was remastered and reissued in compact disc format by Charly Records, in 2009, the original mono version was released as part of the Sign of the 3-Eyed Men box set. The set also featured a new, alternate version which retained the bands original intended track listing. Both versions on the box set featured different bonus tracks, some that were previously unreleased, the album was included in Robert Dimerys 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die
2.
Austin, Texas
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Austin is the capital of the U. S. state of Texas and the seat of Travis County. It is the 11th-most populous city in the U. S. and it is the fastest growing large city in the United States and the second most populous capital city after Phoenix, Arizona. As of the U. S. Census Bureaus July 1,2015 estimate and it is the cultural and economic center of the Austin–Round Rock metropolitan area, which had an estimated population of 2,056,405 as of July 1,2016. In the 1830s, pioneers began to settle the area in central Austin along the Colorado River, in 1839, the site was officially chosen to replace Houston as the new capital of the Republic of Texas and was incorporated under the name Waterloo. Shortly thereafter, the name was changed to Austin in honor of Stephen F. Austin, the Father of Texas and the republics first secretary of state. The city subsequently grew throughout the 19th century and became a center for government and education with the construction of the Texas State Capitol and the University of Texas at Austin. After a lull in growth from the Great Depression, Austin resumed its development into a city and, by the 1980s, it emerged as a center for technology. A number of Fortune 500 companies have headquarters or regional offices in Austin, including Amazon. com, cisco, eBay, Google, IBM, Intel, Oracle Corporation, Texas Instruments, 3M, and Whole Foods Market. Dells worldwide headquarters is located in nearby Round Rock, a suburb of Austin, residents of Austin are known as Austinites. They include a mix of government employees, college students, musicians, high-tech workers, blue-collar workers. The city also adopted Silicon Hills as a nickname in the 1990s due to an influx of technology. In the late 1800s, Austin was known as the City of the Violet Crown because of the glow of light across the hills just after sunset. Even today, many Austin businesses use the term Violet Crown in their name, Austin is known as a clean-air city for its stringent no-smoking ordinances that apply to all public places and buildings, including restaurants and bars. The FBI ranked Austin as the second-safest major city in the U. S. for the year 2012, U. S. News & World Report named Austin the best place to live in the U. S. in 2017. Austin, Travis County and Williamson County have been the site of habitation since at least 9200 BC. When settlers arrived from Europe, the Tonkawa tribe inhabited the area, the Comanches and Lipan Apaches were also known to travel through the area. Spanish colonists, including the Espinosa-Olivares-Aguirre expedition, traveled through the area for centuries, in 1730, three missions from East Texas were combined and reestablished as one mission on the south side of the Colorado River, in what is now Zilker Park, in Austin. The mission was in area for only about seven months
3.
Psychedelic rock
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Many psychedelic groups differ in style, and the label is often used indiscriminately. Musically, the effects may be represented via novelty studio tricks, electronic or non-Western instrumentation, disjunctive song structures, some of the earlier 1960s psychedelic rock musicians were based in folk, jazz, and the blues, while others showcased an explicit Indian classical influence called raga rock. In the 1960s, there existed two main variants of the genre, the whimsical British pop-psychedelia, and the harder American West Coast acid rock. While acid rock is often deployed interchangeably with the psychedelic rock, it can also refer more specifically to the heavier. The genre bridged the transition from early blues- and folk-based rock to rock and hard rock. Since the late 1970s it has revived in various forms of neo-psychedelia. The term psychedelic was first coined in 1956 by psychiatrist Humphry Osmond as a descriptor for hallucinogenic drugs in the context of psychedelic psychotherapy. As the countercultural scene developed in San Francisco, the acid rock. In the popular music of the early 1960s, it was common for producers, songwriters, and engineers to freely experiment with form, arrangements, unnatural reverb. Some of the best known examples are Phil Spectors Wall of Sound production formula, there was no transition to be made. You go from things like Flying Purple People Eater to I Am the Walrus, music critic Richie Unterberger says that attempts to pin down the first psychedelic record are therefore nearly as elusive as trying to name the first rock & roll record. Some of the far-fetched claims include the instrumental Telstar and the Dave Clark Fives massively reverb-laden Any Way You Want It, the first mention of LSD on a rock record was the Gamblers 1960 surf instrumental LSD25. American folk singer Bob Dylan was an influence on mid 1960s rock music. He led directly to the creation of rock and the psychedelic rock musicians that followed. Molly Longman of mic. com writes that, in terms of bridging the relationship between music and hallucinogens, the Beatles and the Beach Boys were the eras most pivotal acts. The considerable success enjoyed by these two bands allowed them the freedom to experiment with new technology over entire albums. In Unterbergers opinion, the Byrds, emerging from the Californian folk scene, with their ominous minor key melodies, hyperactive instrumental breaks, and use of Gregorian chants. In the songs lyric, the requests, Take me on a trip upon your magic swirling ship
4.
Garage rock
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Garage rock is a raw and energetic style of rock and roll that flourished in the mid-1960s, most notably in the United States and Canada. The term derives from the perception that groups were made up of young amateurs who rehearsed in the family garage. The style, a precursor to rock, is characterized by aggressive and unsophisticated lyrics and delivery. In the US and Canada, surf rock—and later the Beatles, hundreds of acts produced regional hits, and some had national hits. Though largely associated with North America, counterparts were present elsewhere as part of the beat boom of the era. As critics of the period began to prescribe a scope for genre, they used the term punk rock. Garage rock has experienced various revivals in the years and continues to influence acts who prefer a back to basics. In the early- to mid-1980s, several garage revival scenes sprung up featuring acts that consciously attempted to replicate the look, in the 2000s, a wave of garage rock revival acts associated with the post-punk revival emerged, and a handful achieved airplay and commercial success. The term garage rock comes from the perception that its performers were young and amateurish, while numerous bands were made up of middle-class teenagers from the suburbs, others were from rural or urban areas or were composed of professional musicians in their twenties. The term garage band often refers to acts in this genre. Garage bands performed in a variety of venues, less-established groups typically played at parties, school dances, and teen clubs. For acts of legal age, bars, nightclubs, and college fraternity socials also provided regular engagements, occasionally, local groups had the opportunity to open at shows for famous touring acts. Some garage rock bands went on tour, particularly better-known acts, groups often competed in battles of the bands, which gave musicians an opportunity to gain exposure and a chance to win a prize, such as free recording time in a local studio. Battles of the bands were held, locally, regionally and nationally, and two of the most prestigious contests were held annually by the Tea Council of the U. S. A. and the Music Circus. Performances often sounded amateurish, naïve or intentionally raw, with typical themes revolving around the traumas of high school life, instrumentation was characterized by electric guitars often distorted through a fuzzbox, teamed with bass and drums. Guitarists sometimes played using aggressive-sounding bar chord riffs, sometimes referred to as power chords, organs such as the Farfisa were commonly used as well as mouth harmonicas or hand-held percussion such as tambourines. Occasionally, the tempo sped up in certain passages, sometimes referred to as raveups, Garage rock acts were diverse in both musical ability and in style, ranging from crude two- and three-chord music to near-studio musician quality. There were also variations in flourishing scenes, such as in California
5.
Acid rock
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Acid rock is a loosely defined type of rock music that evolved out of the mid-1960s garage punk movement and helped launch the psychedelic subculture. Acid rock is defined by distorted guitars, lyrics with drug references. Distinctions between other genres can be tenuous, it may also encompass certain garage rock, 1960s punk, proto-metal and heavy, the style may distinguish itself from other psychedelic styles by having a harder, louder, or heavier sound. Developing mainly from the American West Coast, acid rock did not focus on novelty recording effects or whimsicalness as much as subsequent British psychedelia, rather, American groups emphasized the heavier qualities associated with both the positive and negative extremes of the psychedelic experience. Some of the bands in the genre include 13th Floor Elevators, the Charlatans, the Grateful Dead, Count Five, the Beatles. Of the last three groups, their 1966 songs Psychotic Reaction, Tomorrow Never Knows, and East-West were especially influential. As the movement progressed into the late 1960s and 1970s, elements of rock split into two directions, with hard rock and heavy metal on one side and progressive rock on the other. In the 1990s, the metal genre combined acid rock with other hard rock styles such as grunge, updating the heavy riffs and long jams found in acid rock. Rock journalist Nik Cohn called it a meaningless phrase that got applied to any group. It was originally used to describe the music for acid trips in underground parties in the 1960s. The term is regularly deployed interchangeably with psychedelic rock and this would mean psychedelic rock that is heavier, louder, or harder. As a hard rock variant of psychedelia, acid rock evolved from the 1960s garage punk movement, percussionist John Beck defines acid rock as synonymous with hard rock and heavy metal. The term eventually encompassed heavy, blues-based hard rock bands, musicologist Steve Waksman wrote that the distinction between acid rock, hard rock, and heavy metal can at some point never be more than tenuous. Many bands associated with acid rock aimed to create a movement based on love and peace. David P. Szatmary states, a legion of rock bands, playing what became known as acid rock, when played live at dance clubs, performances were accompanied by psychedelic-themed light shows in order to replicate the visual effects of the acid experience. Their stage performance involved the use of lights to reproduce LSDs surrealistic fragmenting or vivid isolating of caught moments. The Acid Test experiments subsequently launched the entire psychedelic subculture, other bands credited with creating or laying the foundation for acid rock include garage rock bands such as the 13th Floor Elevators and Count Five. According to Laura Diane Kuhn, the form of psychedelic rock known as acid rock developed from the late 1960s California music scene
6.
Radar Records
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The labels first records were released in early 1978. Radar was distributed in most of the world by WEA Records, in the United States, three Radar artists were signed to Polydor Records through a licensing deal. Nick Lowe released both the first Radar single and its first album, Lowe had previously been signed to Stiff Records, as had several other Radar acts, including Yachts, Richard Hell and the Voidoids, and Radars major act, Elvis Costello and the Attractions. Costello and Lowe were brought to Radar by their manager Jake Riviera when Riviera left Stiff, several of Radars early releases were licensed from independent American labels. Radar also released new albums by original 1950s rockabilly singers Ray Campi, some Radar releases were reissues of garage rock and psychedelic rock bands from the 1960s. Through its WEA connections, Radar was able to rerelease recordings by the Shadows of Knight, in addition, Radar licensed the International Artists catalog, allowing them to reissue albums by the 13th Floor Elevators and the Red Krayola. Radar also released new recordings by the Red Krayolas late 1970s lineup, the original Radar label put out its last release in 1981, but it was revived with a new roster between 1995 and 1998. Notable bands signed to the version of Radar included Midget, Prolapse, Acacia, Morning Glories, Heave and Pure Morning
7.
Roky Erickson
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Roger Kynard Roky Erickson is an American singer, songwriter, harmonica player, and guitarist from Texas. He was a member of The 13th Floor Elevators and a pioneer of the psychedelic rock genre. Erickson was interested in music from his youth, he played piano from age 5 and he attended school in Austin and dropped out of Travis High School in 1965, one month before graduating, rather than cut his hair to conform to the school dress code. The Spades original version of Youre Gonna Miss Me, later a hit for 13th Floor Elevators, was featured on the compilation album The Best of Pebbles Volume 1, Erickson co-founded the 13th Floor Elevators in late 1965. He and bandmate Tommy Hall were the main songwriters, early in her career, singer Janis Joplin considered joining the Elevators, but Family Dogs Chet Helms persuaded her to go to San Francisco instead, where she found major fame. In 1966 the band released their debut album The Psychedelic Sounds of the 13th Floor Elevators, the album had the bands only charting single, Ericksons Youre Gonna Miss Me. In 1967, the followed up with Easter Everywhere, perhaps the bands most focused effort, featuring Slip Inside This House. The album Live was put out in 1968 by International Artists and it featured audience applause dubbed over studio recordings of cover versions, alternate takes and older material, and it had little to no input from the band. Bull of the Woods, released in 1969, was the 13th Floor Elevators last released album on which they worked as a group and was largely the work of Stacy Sutherland. Erickson—due to health and legal problems—and Tommy Hall were only involved with a few tracks, including Livin On, in 1968, while performing at HemisFair, Erickson began speaking gibberish. He was soon diagnosed with schizophrenia and sent to a Houston psychiatric hospital. The Elevators were vocal proponents of LSD, mescaline, DMT and marijuana use, in 1969, Erickson was arrested for possession of a single marijuana joint in Austin. Facing a potential ten-year incarceration, Erickson pleaded not guilty by reason of insanity to avoid prison and he was first sent to the Austin State Hospital. Six tracks from the 1999 Erickson collection Never Say Goodbye were recorded during his time there and his new band exchanged the psychedelic sounds of The 13th Floor Elevators for a more hard rock sound that featured lyrics on old horror film and science fiction themes. Two Headed Dog was released as a single, the new band was renamed Roky Erickson and the Aliens. In 1979, after playing with the Reversible Cords on May Day at Rauls, Erickson recorded 15 new songs with producer Stu Cook and these efforts were released in two overlapping LPs – I Think of Demons and The Evil One. Cook played bass on two tracks, Sputnik and Bloody Hammer, Roky performed with The Nervebreakers as his backup band at The Palladium in Dallas in July 1979. A recording was issued on the French label New Rose and was recently re-issued elsewhere, the Austin-based band the Explosives served as Rokys most frequent back-up band during the early Rauls Club era, between 1978 and the early 1980s
8.
Rock music
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It has its roots in 1940s and 1950s rock and roll, itself heavily influenced by blues, rhythm and blues and country music. Rock music also drew strongly on a number of genres such as electric blues and folk. Musically, rock has centered on the guitar, usually as part of a rock group with electric bass guitar. Typically, rock is song-based music usually with a 4/4 time signature using a verse-chorus form, like pop music, lyrics often stress romantic love but also address a wide variety of other themes that are frequently social or political in emphasis. Punk was an influence into the 1980s on the subsequent development of subgenres, including new wave, post-punk. From the 1990s alternative rock began to rock music and break through into the mainstream in the form of grunge, Britpop. Similarly, 1970s punk culture spawned the visually distinctive goth and emo subcultures and this trio of instruments has often been complemented by the inclusion of other instruments, particularly keyboards such as the piano, Hammond organ and synthesizers. The basic rock instrumentation was adapted from the blues band instrumentation. A group of musicians performing rock music is termed a rock band or rock group, Rock music is traditionally built on a foundation of simple unsyncopated rhythms in a 4/4 meter, with a repetitive snare drum back beat on beats two and four. Melodies are often derived from older musical modes, including the Dorian and Mixolydian, harmonies range from the common triad to parallel fourths and fifths and dissonant harmonic progressions. Critics have stressed the eclecticism and stylistic diversity of rock, because of its complex history and tendency to borrow from other musical and cultural forms, it has been argued that it is impossible to bind rock music to a rigidly delineated musical definition. These themes were inherited from a variety of sources, including the Tin Pan Alley pop tradition, folk music and rhythm, as a result, it has been seen as articulating the concerns of this group in both style and lyrics. Christgau, writing in 1972, said in spite of some exceptions, rock and roll usually implies an identification of male sexuality, according to Simon Frith rock was something more than pop, something more than rock and roll. Rock musicians combined an emphasis on skill and technique with the concept of art as artistic expression, original. The foundations of music are in rock and roll, which originated in the United States during the late 1940s and early 1950s. Its immediate origins lay in a melding of various musical genres of the time, including rhythm and blues and gospel music, with country. In 1951, Cleveland, Ohio disc jockey Alan Freed began playing rhythm and blues music for a multi-racial audience, debate surrounds which record should be considered the first rock and roll record. Other artists with rock and roll hits included Chuck Berry, Bo Diddley, Fats Domino, Little Richard, Jerry Lee Lewis
9.
Guitarist
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A guitarist is a person who plays the guitar. Guitarists may play a variety of guitar family instruments such as guitars, acoustic guitars, electric guitars. Some guitarists accompany themselves on the guitar by singing or playing the harmonica, the correctness of techniques that a guitarist acquires depends on the quality of training. Learning how to play correctly is crucial for any guitarist no matter which guitar he/she plays, the guitarist may also employ various methods for selecting notes and chords, including fingering, thumbing, the barre, and bottleneck or steel-guitar slides, usually made of glass or metal. These left- and right-hand techniques may be intermixed in performance, while music is an art form in itself, playing an instrument such as the guitar has long been a popular subject for painters. Despite perceived tendencies in mainstream music diffusion, to Rock music and electric guitar, notable guitarists arrived from other genres, Rolling Stone In 2003, Rolling Stone magazine published a list called The 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time. This list included 100 guitarists whom the magazine editor David Fricke considered the best, the first in this list is the American guitarist Jimi Hendrix introduced by Pete Townshend, guitarist for The Who, who was, in his turn, ranked at #50 in the list. Artists who had not been included in the previous list were added, rory Gallagher, for example, was ranked in 57th place. The 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time is mentioned in many biographies about artists who appear in the list, despite the appearance in other magazines like Billboard, this publication by Guitar World was criticized for including no female musicians within its selection. However, Guitar World recently published a list of Eight Amazing Female Acoustic Players, including Kaki King, TIME and others Following the death of Les Paul, TIME website presented their list of 10 greatest artists in electric guitar. As in Rolling Stone magazines list, Jimi Hendrix was chosen as the greatest guitarist followed by Slash from Guns N Roses, B. B. King, Keith Richards, Jimmy Page, and Eric Clapton. Gigwise. com, a music magazine, also ranks Jimi Hendrix as the greatest guitarist ever, followed by Jimmy Page, B. B. King, Keith Richards. There are many classical guitarists listed as notable in their respective epochs, media related to Guitarists at Wikimedia Commons
10.
Lead vocalist
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The lead vocalist, lead vocals or lead singer in popular music is typically the member of a group or band whose voice is the most prominent in a performance where multiple voices may be heard. The lead singer either leads the ensemble, or sets against the ensemble as the dominant sound. In vocal group performances, notably in soul and gospel music, and early rock and roll, as an example in rock music, Mick Jagger is the lead singer of The Rolling Stones. Similarly in soul music, Smokey Robinson was the singer of The Miracles. The practice of using a lead singer in vocal groups, however, has a longer history, songs of the late nineteenth century frequently used a leading solo voice, followed by a choral response by other singers. From these various points - including Motown - it went on to become a device in much rock. In some bands - most famously, The Beatles - the role of lead singer alternated, while in others - for example, there are as many types and styles of lead singer as there are styles and genres of music. However, the singer of a group or band is usually the main focus of audiences attention. The lead vocalist of a band is called the front man or front woman. Pink Floyd also can be considered a band with two front men, as both the guitarist David Gilmour and the bassist Roger Waters sang and wrote most of the songs. In the beginning of the career, however, Pink Floyds lead singer and guitarist was Syd Barrett. Particularly before the 1970s, many bands were named for the leader or founder, rather than the lead singer, examples include the Dave Clark Five and Harold Melvin. In modern rock music, the singer is often, but not always, also the bands leader. While lead singers or spokespersons for any musical ensembles can be called a front man, since the position commonly has an expanded role from simple lead vocalists, there have been cases in which the front man for a band is someone other than the lead vocalist. In many bands, such as The Who, Fall Out Boy, Led Zeppelin, Living Colour, Queen and Oasis, usually, this is derived from that guitarists specific role as a co-songwriter, co-founder and/or co-vocalist. Also in some cases, there are two frontmen, such as Underoath, with singers Spencer Chamberlain and Aaron Gillespie sharing vocal duties, another example is Blink-182, in which vocal duties are split between bassist Mark Hoppus and guitarist Tom DeLonge. Hoppus usually carries out most media either by himself or together with DeLonge, linkin Park has two vocalists as well, Chester Bennington and Mike Shinoda, both considered as frontmen. Another example is the metal band Metallica, in which James Hetfield
11.
Jug (instrument)
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The jug used as a musical instrument is an empty jug played with buzzed lips to produce a trombone-like tone. The characteristic sound of the jug is low and hoarse, below the pitch of the fiddle, harmonica. The jug does not touch the mouth, but serves as a resonating chamber to amplify. Changes in pitch are controlled by loosening or tightening the lips, an accomplished jug player might have a two-octave range. Some players augment this sound with vocalizations, didgeridoo style, in performance, the jug sound is enhanced if the player stands with his back to a wall, which will reflect the sound towards the audience. The stovepipe is played in much the manner, with the open-ended pipe being the resonating chamber. There is some similarity to the didgeridoo, but there is no contact between the stovepipe and the players lips, as a bass instrument, the jug is part of the bands rhythm section, but jug solos are common. Most jug bands use a single jug player, but there are recordings of bands that used jug sections of two or more players. Jugs will also produce sound at their main resonance frequency when air is blown across the top opening and this method is not used in bands, since it is relatively quiet and produces only a single pitch. It is typically used for making glass bottles whistle, a larger bottle produces a lower musical pitch while smaller ones produce higher pitches. The pitch of a bottle played in this way may be controlled by changing its volume by adding or emptying contents, loudness is a function of the speed of the air blown across the top. The jug as a musical instrument reached its height of popularity in the 1920s, the jug was also popular because it was cheap and easy to carry around. In addition to the most common ceramic jug, containers of different materials have been used for musical jugs, e. g. glass jugs and bottles, plastic bleach bottles, tin kerosene cans. Different materials produce different sounds, as do different sizes, a version of the jug, known as the botija, was played in early Cuban musical forms such as the son. In recent times, Fritz Richmond was a well-known and successful jug player, josh Smith of the Glade City Rounders is one of the most famous jug players touring and playing live. He is said to possibly be the best in the world by some jug band scholars, blown bottle Cegléd water jug How to Prepare and Play a Jug Jug Band Examples
12.
LP record
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The LP is an analog sound storage medium, a vinyl record format characterized by a speed of 33 1⁄3 rpm, a 12 or 10 inch diameter, and use of the microgroove groove specification. Introduced by Columbia in 1948, it was adopted as a new standard by the entire record industry. Apart from a few relatively minor refinements and the important later addition of stereophonic sound, the new product was a 12- or 10-inch fine-grooved disc made of vinyl and played with a smaller-tipped microgroove stylus at a speed of 33 1⁄3 rpm. Each side of a 12-inch LP could play for more than 20 minutes, although the LP was suited to classical music because of its extended continuous playing time, it also allowed a collection of ten or more pop music recordings to be put on a single disc. The use of the word album persisted for the one-disc LP equivalent, the prototype of the LP was the soundtrack disc used by the Vitaphone motion picture sound system, developed by Western Electric and introduced in 1926. For soundtrack purposes, the less than five minutes of playing time of side of a conventional 12-inch 78 rpm disc was not acceptable. The sound had to play continuously for at least 11 minutes, long enough to accompany a full 1, the disc diameter was increased to 16 inches and the speed was reduced to 33 1⁄3 revolutions per minute. Unlike their smaller LP descendants, they were made with the same large standard groove used by 78s, unlike conventional records, the groove started at the inside of the recorded area near the label and proceeded outward toward the edge. Like 78s, early soundtrack discs were pressed in an abrasive shellac compound, syndicated radio programming was distributed on 78 rpm discs beginning in 1928. The desirability of a longer continuous playing time soon led to the adoption of the Vitaphone soundtrack disc format, 16-inch 33 1⁄3 rpm discs playing about 15 minutes per side were used for most of these electrical transcriptions beginning about 1930. Transcriptions were variously recorded inside out like soundtrack discs or with an outside start, some transcriptions were recorded with a vertically modulated hill and dale groove. This was found to allow deeper bass and also an extension of the frequency response. Neither of these was necessarily an advantage in practice because of the limitations of AM broadcasting. Today we can enjoy the benefits of those higher-fidelity recordings, even if the radio audiences could not. Initially, transcription discs were pressed only in shellac, but by 1932 pressings in RCA Victors vinyl-based Victrolac were appearing, by the late 1930s, vinyl was standard for nearly all kinds of pressed discs except ordinary commercial 78s, which continued to be made of shellac. Use of the LPs microgroove standard began in the late 1950s, the King Biscuit Flower Hour is a late example, as are Westwood Ones The Beatle Years and Doctor Demento programs, which were sent to stations on LP at least through 1992. RCA Victor introduced a version of a long-playing record for home use in September 1931. These Program Transcription discs, as Victor called them, played at 33 1⁄3 rpm and used a somewhat finer and they were to be played with a special Chromium Orange chrome-plated steel needle
13.
Single (music)
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In music, a single or record single is a type of release, typically a song recording of fewer tracks than an LP record, an album or an EP record. This can be released for sale to the public in a variety of different formats, in most cases, a single is a song that is released separately from an album, although it usually also appears on an album. Typically, these are the songs from albums that are released separately for promotional uses such as digital download or commercial radio airplay and are expected to be the most popular, in other cases a recording released as a single may not appear on an album. As digital downloading and audio streaming have become prevalent, it is often possible for every track on an album to also be available separately. Nevertheless, the concept of a single for an album has been retained as an identification of a heavily promoted or more popular song within an album collection. Despite being referred to as a single, singles can include up to as many as three tracks on them. The biggest digital music distributor, iTunes, accepts as many as three tracks less than ten minutes each as a single, as well as popular music player Spotify also following in this trend. Any more than three tracks on a release or longer than thirty minutes in total running time is either an Extended Play or if over six tracks long. The basic specifications of the single were made in the late 19th century. Gramophone discs were manufactured with a range of speeds and in several sizes. By about 1910, however, the 10-inch,78 rpm shellac disc had become the most commonly used format, the inherent technical limitations of the gramophone disc defined the standard format for commercial recordings in the early 20th century.26 rpm. With these factors applied to the 10-inch format, songwriters and performers increasingly tailored their output to fit the new medium, the breakthrough came with Bob Dylans Like a Rolling Stone. Singles have been issued in various formats, including 7-inch, 10-inch, other, less common, formats include singles on digital compact cassette, DVD, and LD, as well as many non-standard sizes of vinyl disc. Some artist release singles on records, a more common in musical subcultures. The most common form of the single is the 45 or 7-inch. The names are derived from its speed,45 rpm. The 7-inch 45 rpm record was released 31 March 1949 by RCA Victor as a smaller, more durable, the first 45 rpm records were monaural, with recordings on both sides of the disc. As stereo recordings became popular in the 1960s, almost all 45 rpm records were produced in stereo by the early 1970s
14.
The Holy Modal Rounders
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Their unique blend of folk music revival and psychedelia gave them a cult-like following from the late 1960s into the 1970s. For a time the group included the playwright and actor Sam Shepard. Stampfel explained the origin of the name in the webzine Perfect Sound Forever, first it was the Total Quintessence Stomach Pumpers. Then the Temporal Worth High Steppers and that was just a joke name. He was Rinky-Dink Steve the Tin Horn and I was Fast Lightning Cumquat and he was Teddy Boy Forever and I was Wild Blue Yonder. Then it was the Total Modal Rounders, then when we were stoned on pot and someone else, Steve Close maybe, said Holy Modal Rounders by mistake. We kept putting out different names and wait until someone starts calling us that then, when we got to Holy Modal Rounders, everyone decided by accumulation that we were the Holy Modal Rounders. Thats the practical way to get named, Stampfel and Weber were introduced to each other by Greenwich Village figure Antonia, who also wrote or co-wrote many of their songs. Their first album, The Holy Modal Rounders, released in 1964, contained their version of Hesitation Blues, the lyrics of which included the first use of the term psychedelic in popular music. Shortly after the release of their album, The Holy Modal Rounders 2, in 1965, they joined Ed Sanders. Their 1965 recordings with the Fugs are on the albums The Village Fugs, Virgin Fugs, Weber wrote the cult classic Boobs a Lot for the Fugs, which the Rounders later recorded on the album Good Taste Is Timeless. After leaving the Fugs, the Rounders re-formed with Sam Shepard and Lee Crabtree to record their album, Indian War Whoop. Their fourth album, The Moray Eels Eat the Holy Modal Rounders, recorded in 1968, included Bird Song, which was featured in Dennis Hoppers film Easy Rider. In 1968 the band performed Youve Got the Right String but the Wrong Yo Yo on the TV series Laugh-In, with appearances by the park-bench oldtimers played by Ruth Buzzi and Arte Johnson. In 1970, Robin Remailly and Dave Reisch joined the band, which relocated to Boston and then Oregon, adding Ted Deane, Roger North, Stampfel stayed in New York but played and recorded with the band on occasion. The bands fifth album, Good Taste Is Timeless, was released by Metromedia in 1971, Stampfel formed the short-lived Unholy Modal Rounders with Kirby Pines, Charlie Messing, Jeff Berman and Paul Presti. The group was part of the collaboration Have Moicy. with Michael Hurley and Jeffrey Frederick, after releasing Last Round in 1978, the Holy Modal Rounders broke up once again. Stampfel and Weber reunited briefly to record Going Nowhere Fast and he won a Grammy in 1998 for writing part of the liner notes for the CD reissue of the Anthology of American Folk Music
15.
ZZ Top
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ZZ Top /ˈziːziːtɒp/ is a rock band formed in 1969 in Houston, Texas. Current members are bassist and lead vocalist Dusty Hill, guitarist and lead vocalist Billy Gibbons, one of just a few major label recording groups with the same lineup for more than 45 years, critics and fellow musicians praise ZZ Top for its technical mastery. As genuine roots musicians, they have few peers, according to former musician, critic, Gibbons is one of Americas finest blues guitarists working in the arena rock idiom while Hill and Beard provide the ultimate rhythm section support. The band released its first album—called ZZ Tops First Album—in 1971, beginning with blues-inspired rock, the band incorporated new wave, punk rock and dance-rock by using synthesizers. The band is known for its humorous lyrics laced with double entendres. The bands top-selling album was the 1983 Eliminator, which more than 10 million copies in the United States. Total record sales of 25 million place ZZ Top among the artists in the United States. That includes 11 gold, seven platinum and three records as of 2016, according to the RIAA. By 2014, ZZ Top had sold more than 50 million albums worldwide, ZZ Top was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2004. The original line-up was formed in Houston and consisted of Gibbons, organist Lanier Greig, the name of the band was Gibbons idea. The band had a little apartment covered with posters and he noticed that many performers names utilized initials. Gibbons particularly noticed B. B. King and Z. Z, Hill and thought of combining the two into ZZ King, but considered it too similar to the original name. He then figured that king is going at the top which brought him to ZZ Top, ZZ Top was managed by Bill Ham, a Waxahachie, Texas native who had befriended Gibbons a year earlier. They released their first single, Salt Lick, in 1969, both songs were credited to Gibbons. Immediately after the recording of Salt Lick, Greig was replaced by bassist Billy Ethridge, a band-mate of Stevie Ray Vaughan, due to lack of interest from U. S. record companies, ZZ Top accepted a record deal from London Records. Unwilling to sign a contract, Ethridge quit the band. After Hill moved from Dallas to Houston, ZZ Top signed with London in 1970 and they performed their first concert together at the Knights of Columbus Hall in Beaumont on February 10. In addition to assuming the role as the leader, Gibbons became the main lyricist
16.
Big Brother and the Holding Company
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They are best known as the band that featured Janis Joplin as their lead singer. The album is included in the book 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die. After playing together at Albins home, Andrew suggested they form a band, the pair approached guitarist James Gurley, the resulting threesome playing open jam sessions hosted by entrepreneur Chet Helms in 1965. Helms found them a drummer, Chuck Jones, and Big Brother and the Holding Company was formed at their first gig, in the audience was painter and jazz drummer David Getz, who soon displaced Jones. Big Brother went on to become the band at the Avalon Ballroom. Feeling a need for a strong vocalist, Helms contacted Janis Joplin in Austin, Texas and she traveled to San Francisco and debuted with Big Brother at the Avalon on June 10,1966. Joplin sang for the first time with Big Brother in 1966, years later, guitarist Sam Andrew described the bands first impressions of her, We were the established rock and roll band. We were like, all right, out of three or four bands in this city, we are one of them, were in the newspapers all the time. We are doing this woman a favor to let her come. She came in and she was dressed like a little Texan and she didnt look like a hippie, she looked like my mother, who is also from Texas. She sang real well but it wasnt like, Oh were bowled over and it was probably more like, our sound was really loud. It was probably bowling her over, I am sure we didnt turn down enough for her. She wrote letters home about how all of us were. In other words, we werent flattened by her and she wasnt flattened by us and it was probably a pretty equal meeting. She was an intelligent, Janis was, and she always rose to the occasion. It wasnt like this moment of revelation like you would like it to be, like in a movie or something. It wasnt like, Oh my God, now we have gone to heaven, I mean she was good but she had to learn how to do that. It took her about a year to learn how to sing with an electric band
17.
You're Gonna Miss Me (song)
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Youre Gonna Miss Me is a song by the American psychedelic rock band the 13th Floor Elevators, written by Roky Erickson, and released as the groups debut single on Contact Records, on January 17,1966. It was reissued nationally on International Artists, in May 1966, accordingly, critics often cite Youre Gonna Miss Me as a bona fide garage rock song, as well as a classic of the counterculture era. Youre Gonna Miss Me reached number 55 on the Billboard Hot 100, the failure of the song to achieve a higher chart listing is attributed to poor distribution by a disestablished record label. In addition, the band was prevented from touring during their parole for possession of marijuana. The song was included as a track on their debut album, The Psychedelic Sounds of the 13th Floor Elevators. However, perfecting his wails, and screams took a level of difficulty, and required a degree of privacy for Erickson. On occasions when he rehearsed, Erickson worked in seclusion with only a few friends. During these practice sessions Erickson, at age 15, composed both Youre Gonna Miss Me and We Sell Soul. Both of the songs appeared in 1965 on a single released by Erickson and his group. The master recording of Youre Gonna Miss Me was recorded on January 2,1966 at Walt Andruss studio in Houston, with only a three-track available, the group was collectively recording live, reserving the other tracks for vocals and guitar. Halls jug instrumental replaced much of Ericksons harmonica to aid in evoking the mind-altering experience of LSD, according to Thurman, the band members were under the influence of the hallucinogenic drug throughout the recording process. The 13th Floor Elevators managed to record one take of Youre Gonna Miss Me in the early morning. Thurman brought an electric fiddle in hopes of utilizing the instrument on Tried to Hide, left it on the console. In addition to the striking lead vocal, the song is also highlighted by Sutherlands precise and driving guitar motif. Youre Gonna Miss Me exhibits the influence of John Coltrane, particularly in the sound quality created by Halls unique application of the electric jug. Hall was able to amplify the sound of the instrument by holding it near a microphone, the author goes on to conclude that the results garnered interest from listeners, and was expanded upon in the 13th Floor Elevators later recordings. Youre Gonna Miss Me was released on January 17,1966 on Bynums newly established Contact Records, following the singles release, the 13th Floor Elevators were drawing sold-out audiences as advertised psychedelic music artists on a weekly basis, but also attracted the attention of the authorities. This resulted in the band being busted for possession of marijuana, additionally, the group was barred from traveling outside the state or from performing at their regular venues the Jade Room and the Wig
18.
Punk rock
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Punk rock is a rock music genre that developed in the early to mid-1970s in the United States, United Kingdom, and Australia. Rooted in 1960s garage rock and other forms of what is now known as proto-punk music, Punk bands typically produced short or fast-paced songs, with hard-edged melodies and singing styles, stripped-down instrumentation, and often political, anti-establishment lyrics. Punk embraces a DIY ethic, many bands self-produce recordings and distribute them through informal channels, the term punk was first used in relation to rock music by some American critics in the early 1970s, to describe garage bands and their devotees. The following year saw punk rock spreading around the world, for the most part, punk took root in local scenes that tended to reject association with the mainstream. An associated punk subculture emerged, expressing youthful rebellion and characterized by distinctive styles of clothing and adornment, by the beginning of the 1980s, faster, more aggressive styles such as hardcore and street punk had become the predominant mode of punk rock. Musicians identifying with or inspired by punk also pursued a range of other variations, giving rise to post-punk. At the end of the 20th century, punk rock had been adopted by the mainstream, as pop punk and punk bands such as Green Day. The first wave of rock was aggressively modern, distancing itself from the bombast. According to Ramones drummer Tommy Ramone, In its initial form, unfortunately, what happens is that people who could not hold a candle to the likes of Hendrix started noodling away. Soon you had endless solos that went nowhere, by 1973, I knew that what was needed was some pure, stripped down, no bullshit rock n roll. In critic Robert Christgaus description, It was also a subculture that rejected the political idealism. Technical accessibility and a DIY spirit are prized in punk rock, in the early days of punk rock, this ethic stood in marked contrast to what those in the scene regarded as the ostentatious musical effects and technological demands of many mainstream rock bands. Musical virtuosity was often looked on with suspicion, according to Holmstrom, punk rock was rock and roll by people who didnt have very many skills as musicians but still felt the need to express themselves through music. In December 1976, the English fanzine Sideburns published an illustration of three chords, captioned This is a chord, this is another, this is a third. The title of a 1980 single by the New York punk band Stimulators, inscribed a catchphrase for punks basic musical approach. The previous year, when the rock revolution began in Great Britain, was to be both a musical and a cultural Year Zero. As a Clash associate describes singer Joe Strummers outlook, Punk rock is meant to be our freedom, were meant to be able to do what we want to do. Scholar Daniel S. Traber argues that attaining authenticity in the identity can be difficult, as the punk scene matured, he observes
19.
Television (band)
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Television is an American rock band considered influential in the development of punk and alternative music. Television was formed in New York City in 1973 by Tom Verlaine, Television was an early fixture of CBGB and the 1970s New York rock scene. The groups debut album, Marquee Moon, is considered one of the defining releases of the punk era. Televisions roots can be traced to the friendship between Tom Verlaine and Richard Hell. The duo met at Sanford School in Hockessin, Delaware, from which they ran away, both moved to New York, separately, in the early 1970s, aspiring to be poets. Their first group together was the Neon Boys, consisting of Verlaine on guitar and vocals, Hell on bass and vocals, the group lasted from late 1972 to late 1973. A 7-inch record featuring Thats All I Know and Love Comes in Spurts was released in 1980, in late 1973 the group reformed, calling themselves Television and recruiting Richard Lloyd as a second guitarist. Their first gig was at the Townhouse Theatre, on March 2,1974 and their manager, Terry Ork, persuaded CBGB owner Hilly Kristal to give the band a regular gig at his club, where they reportedly constructed their first stage. After playing several gigs at CBGB in early 1974, they played at Maxs Kansas City and other clubs, returning to CBGB in January 1975, initially, songwriting was split almost evenly between Hell and Verlaine, Lloyd being an infrequent contributor as well. However, friction began to develop as Verlaine, Lloyd and Ficca became increasingly confident and this conflict, as well as one of their songs being picked up by Island Records, led Hell to leave the group and take some of his songs with him. He co-founded the Heartbreakers in 1975 with former members of the New York Dolls Johnny Thunders and Jerry Nolan, later forming Richard Hell, fred Smith, briefly of Blondie, replaced Hell as Televisions bassist. Television made their debut in 1975 with Little Johnny Jewel. Richard Lloyd apparently disagreed with the selection of song, preferring O Mi Amore for their debut. Reportedly Pere Ubu guitarist Peter Laughner auditioned for his spot during this time, upon its initial release in 1977, Roy Trakin wrote in the SoHo Weekly forget everything youve heard about Television, forget punk, forget New York, forget CBGBs. Hell, forget rock and roll—this is the real item and it was ranked number two in Uncut magazines 100 Greatest Debut Records and number 3 on Pitchfork Medias list of the best albums of the 1970s. Televisions second album, Adventure, was recorded and released in 1978, softer and more reflective than their debut album, Adventure was well received by critics despite modest sales. The members independent and strongly held artistic visions, along with Richard Lloyds drug abuse, both Lloyd and Verlaine pursued solo careers, while Ficca became the drummer for the new wave band The Waitresses. Television reformed in 1992, released a third album and have performed live sporadically thereafter
20.
Primal Scream
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Primal Scream are a British rock band originally formed in 1982 in Glasgow by Bobby Gillespie and Jim Beattie. The current lineup consists of Gillespie, Andrew Innes, Martin Duffy, Simone Butler, Barrie Cadogan has toured and recorded with the band since 2006 as a replacement after the departure of guitarist Robert Throb Young. The band performed throughout 1982–1984, but their career did not take off until Gillespie left his position as drummer of The Jesus and their 1991 album Screamadelica broke the band into the mainstream. Their latest album Chaosmosis was released on 18 March 2016, Bobby Gillespie moved to Mount Florida, in southeastern Glasgow. There he attended Kings Park Secondary School, where he first met Robert Young, another schoolfriend was Alan McGee, who took Gillespie to his first gig, a Thin Lizzy concert. McGee and Gillespie were heavily influenced by rock, and they joined a local punk band, The Drains. The Drains guitarist was a 15-year-old Andrew Innes, the band was short-lived, and Innes and McGee moved to London while Gillespie chose to remain in Glasgow. After the punk movement ended, Gillespie became disenchanted with mainstream new wave music and he met up with another schoolfriend who shared his outlook, Jim Beattie, and recorded elemental noise tapes, in which Gillespie would bang two dustbin lids together and Beattie played fuzz-guitar. They soon moved on to Velvet Underground and Byrds cover songs before starting to write their own songs, based on Jah Wobble, Gillespie later said that the band didnt really exist, but we did it every night for something to do. They named themselves Primal Scream, a term for a type of cry heard in primal therapy, still essentially a partnership, Primal Scream first played live in 1982. Their first recording session, for McGees independent label Essential Records, was a track entitled The Orchard. Beattie later claimed that they burned the master tape, after the aborted recording, Gillespie joined The Jesus and Mary Chain as their drummer, and alternated between both bands. This lineup was signed to Creation Records, an independent record label founded by Alan McGee, and recorded the debut single, All Fall Down. After the release of the single, Gillespie was told by Mary Chain leaders William, Gillespie chose to remain with Primal Scream. Stuart May was replaced by Paul Harte, and the then released a new single. The b-side, Velocity Girl, was released on the C86 compilation, the band strongly disliked this, with Gillespie saying that they cant play their instruments and they cant write songs. The band toured throughout 1986, and Gillespie became disenchanted with the quality of their performances and he said that there was always something missing, musically or in attitude. The band switched to McGees newly set-up Warner Bros. subsidiary Elevation Records, before the band entered Rockfield Studios in Wales to record their debut album, McGurk was asked to leave the band
21.
The Shamen
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For the The Shaymen see F. C. Halifax Town The Shamen were a Scottish electronic dance music band, formed in 1986 in Aberdeen. The founding members are Colin Angus, Derek McKenzie and Keith McKenzie, peter Stephenson joined shortly after to take over on keyboards from Angus. Several other people were later in the band, Angus then teamed up with Will Sinnott, and together they found credibility as pioneers of rock/dance crossover. When Mr. C joined, the band moved on to commercial success with Ebeneezer Goode. The Shamen were preceded by Alone Again Or, the Love-inspired name under which they recorded their first psychedelic electronic pop singles, after their name change, further singles picked up airplay from John Peel. Released in June 1987, The Shamens first album, Drop demonstrated their love of 1960s psychedelia, with such as Love, Syd Barrett. By mid-1987, frontman Colin Angus was discovering the sounds of early pioneers, such as S-Express and M/A/R/R/S. Their single Christopher Mayhew Says, released in late 1987 was their first single to experiment with beat machines and samples, however, the newfound sound proved too radical for co-founder and vocalist Derek McKenzie, who left the band in late 1987 to study at university. The Shamen were suddenly one crucial player short, help was at hand in the charismatic form of Glaswegian Will Sinnott, aka Will Sin, who joined the group in October 1987, on bass and keyboards, freeing up Angus to handle vocals and guitar. Sinnotts musical background was an extensive one, at the start of 1988, the first music videos were shot for The Shamen, those being Christopher Mayhew Says and Knature of a Girl. Knature of a Girl was the first record by The Shamen to feature Sinnott, by this stage, Angus and Sinnott had become hooked on the acid house movement taking place in London, and its music and clubs were to exert a massive influence on the pair. Over the summer 1988, they met Mr. C and Evil Eddie Richards, Angus and Sinnott relocated to London, allowing them to start afresh, and plunge into the emerging rave scene. Synergy was innovative at the time, as a touring rock dance club introducing live bands to clubbers and they also released the Phorward mini album, produced by ex-Fiction Factory singer/songwriter Kevin Patterson. Their third album, En-Tact, was released in 1990, and it spawned the hit singles Move Any Mountain, Hyperreal and Make It Mine. Also notable was the appearance of rapper, DJ and producer Mr. C, as well as incorporation of a female vocalist, the transformation into a successful rave-music act was complete. As they continued their Synergy tour, their popularity in the United Kingdom began to rapidly expand, Hyperreal, released in March 1991, reached number 28 on the UK top-40 chart. By this time, they realised they were on their way to reaching mainstream popularity, every Synergy Live show on the fifth and sixth leg of tours were sold out. On the sixth leg of Synergy in April 1991, Gavin Knight and Richard Sharpe joined as the live drummer and keyboardist for The Shamen respectively
22.
Spacemen 3
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Spacemen 3 were an English alternative rock band, formed in 1982 in Rugby, Warwickshire by Peter Kember and Jason Pierce. Their music was colourfully mind-altering, but not in the sense of the rock of the 1960s, instead. Spacemen 3 came to prominence on the independent music scene around 1989, however, they disbanded shortly afterwards, releasing their final studio album post-split in 1991 after an acrimonious parting of ways. They gained a reputation as a ‘drug band’ due to the members’ drug taking habits, Kember and Pierce were the only members common to all line-ups of the band. Both founding members have enjoyed success with their respective subsequent projects, Sonic Boom/Spectrum. The creative and song-writing force throughout Spacemen 3s history were Peter Kember and they met at the Rugby Art College on Clifton Road, Rugby, Warwickshire in Autumn 1982, both aged 16, and became close friends. Pierce was in a band called Indian Scalp, but he left them near the end of 1982 in order to collaborate with Kember. The two guitarists recruited drummer Tim Morris, who played with a couple of bands and had a rehearsal space at his parental home which they used. Shortly afterwards they were joined by an acquaintance, Pete Bain, Morris and Bain had previously played together in a band called Noise on Independent Street. Now a 4-piece, the band adopted the name The Spacemen. D. In Autumn 1983, Pierce, having finished his course at Rugby Art College, started attending an art school in Maidstone and this prompted Bain and Morris to leave and join a new local band, The Push, being formed by Gavin Wissen. Kember and Pierce recruited a replacement drummer, Nicholas Natty Brooker and they continued without a bassist and Pierce would regularly return to Rugby for rehearsals. In early 1984, they performed at a few local. Still a trio, they changed their name to Spacemen 3, Kember explained, Despite having played fewer than ten gigs, Spacemen 3 decided to produce a demo tape. In 1984 they made their first studio recordings at the studio of Dave Sheriff in Rugby. They got a few hundred cassette copies made and produced their own artwork and booklet to accompany it, Spacemen 3’s music at this stage had a loose, swampy Blues feel, some songs included harmonica and slide guitar, and their style sounded akin to The Cramps. Around 1984 and 1985, Spacemen 3 were doing gigs every two or three months on the local Rugby/Northampton/Coventry circuit, and had a spot at The Black Lion public house in Northampton. Their gigs had an ‘anti performance’ element, Kember and Pierce would play their guitars sitting down and they would illuminate the stage with some cheap, old optokinetic disco light-show equipment which they had acquired, providing a psychedelic backdrop
23.
Thirteenth floor
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The thirteenth floor is a designation of a level of a multi-level building that is often omitted in countries where the number 13 is considered unlucky. In 2002, based on a review of records, Dilip Rangnekar of Otis Elevators estimated that 85% of the buildings with Otis brand elevators did not have a floor named the 13th floor. Early tall-building designers, fearing a fire on the 13th floor, or fearing tenants superstitions about the rumor and this practice became commonplace, and eventually found its way into American mainstream culture and building design. The origin of skipping the thirteenth floor when installing elevators is not known, however, during the advent of early skyscrapers, New York architectural critics warned developers not to exceed the height of the 13th floor. These critics insisted that buildings rising above the 13th floor would lead to increased congestion, ominous shadows. Most commonly,13 is skipped, as in,12,14,15, the floor labeled 14 on the elevator is the thirteenth floor and the number 13 is skipped on the elevator console. Sometimes the 13th floor is simply renumbered as 12A or 12B, as in,12, or 12, 12B,14, this does not affect the numbers of the higher floors. Likewise, 14A or 14B could be used for the 13th floor, other buildings will often use names for certain floors to avoid giving a floor on the building the number 13 designation. One such example is the Radisson Hotel in Winnipeg, Manitoba, another example is the Sheraton on the Falls in Niagara Falls, Ontario, where the 13th floor consists solely of a restaurant. A third example is the Trump International Hotel and Tower Chicago in Chicago, Illinois, sometimes, the floor is put to some other use, such as a mechanical floor. Such usage is sometimes the subject of conspiracy theories, because the letter M is the 13th letter in the Latin alphabet, some people may use a letter M as a substitute for the floor numbered 13, such as 12, M,14, and so forth. In Richmond, Virginia, the Monroe Park Towers has a 13th floor, the M designation on the elevator buttons of the freight elevator can also be construed as meaning the Mechanical level in this particular building, or as a Mezzanine level. Sometimes, a tenement block will contain split-level apartments where the units themselves contain internal staircases, one example is Princess Towers in Kingston, Ontario, which has 16 1⁄2 stories excluding the roof-top. The elevators stop at B, G,3,6,9,12, in this case, the unmarked 11th and 13th floors are accessed within units on the marked 12th floor. A small number of buildings also follow the American tradition of omitting the thirteenth floor, in some buildings,13 is also skipped as a room number. The 13-room Boots Court Motel on U. S. Route 66 is one example, while many jurisdictions do use Highway 13 as a valid number, in the province of Ontario, Canada, the number has never been issued and is skipped. Likewise, a U. S. Route 666 in the United States Numbered Routes system, in the elevator the 13th floor was labeled as out of service, and was not unlocked until the player solved all the riddles. The 13th floor was used as a containment storage for the built by the valet
24.
Cannabis (drug)
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Cannabis, also known as marijuana among several other names, is a preparation of the Cannabis plant intended for use as a psychoactive drug or medicine. The main psychoactive part of cannabis is tetrahydrocannabinol, one of 483 known compounds in the plant, Cannabis can be used by smoking, vaporization, within food, or as an extract. Cannabis is often used for its mental and physical effects, such as a high or stoned feeling, a change in perception, euphoria. Short term side effects may include a decrease in short-term memory, dry mouth, impaired motor skills, red eyes, long term side effects may include addiction, decreased mental ability in those who started as teenagers, and behavioral problems in children whose mothers used cannabis during pregnancy. Onset of effects is within minutes when smoked and about 30 to 60 minutes when cooked and they last for between two and six hours. Cannabis is mostly used recreationally or as a medicinal drug and it may also be used for religious or spiritual purposes. In 2013, between 128 and 232 million people used cannabis, in 2015, 43% of Americans had used cannabis, which increased to 51% in 2016. About 12% have used it in the past year, and 7. 3% have used it in the past month and this makes it the most commonly used illegal drug both in the world and the United States. The earliest recorded uses date from the 3rd millennium BC, since the early 20th century, cannabis has been subject to legal restrictions. The possession, use, and sale of cannabis is illegal in most countries of the world, Medical cannabis refers to the physician-recommended use of cannabis, which is taking place in Canada, Belgium, Australia, the Netherlands, Spain, and 23 U. S. states. Cannabis use started to become popular in the US in the 1970s, support for legalization has increased in the United States and several US states have legalized recreational or medical use. Medical cannabis, or medical marijuana can refer to the use of cannabis and its cannabinoids to treat disease or improve symptoms, however, the use of cannabis as a medicine has not been rigorously scientifically tested, often due to production restrictions and other federal regulations. There is limited evidence suggesting cannabis can be used to reduce nausea and vomiting during chemotherapy, to improve appetite in people with HIV/AIDS and its use for other medical applications is insufficient for conclusions about safety or efficacy. Short-term use increases the risk of minor and major adverse effects. Common side effects include dizziness, feeling tired, vomiting, long-term effects of cannabis are not clear. Concerns include memory and cognition problems, risk of addiction, schizophrenia in people. Cannabis has psychoactive and physiological effects when consumed, at higher doses, effects can include altered body image, auditory and/or visual illusions, pseudohallucinations and ataxia from selective impairment of polysynaptic reflexes. In some cases, cannabis can lead to states such as depersonalization and derealization
25.
Dick Clark
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Richard Augustus Wagstaff Dick Clark Jr. was an American radio and television personality, as well as a cultural icon who remains best known for hosting American Bandstand from 1957 to 1987. He also hosted the game show Pyramid and Dick Clarks New Years Rockin Eve, Clark was also well known for his trademark sign-off, For now, Dick Clark — so long. As host of American Bandstand, Clark introduced rock & roll to many Americans, the show gave many new music artists their first exposure to national audiences, including Ike and Tina Turner, Smokey Robinson and the Miracles, Stevie Wonder, Talking Heads and Simon & Garfunkel. Episodes he hosted were among the first in which blacks and whites performed on the same stage, singer Paul Anka claimed that Bandstand was responsible for creating a youth culture. Due to his youthful appearance and his fame as the host of American Bandstand. In his capacity as a businessman, Clark served as Chief Executive Officer of Dick Clark Productions and he also founded the American Bandstand Diner, a restaurant chain modeled after the Hard Rock Cafe. In 1973, he created and produced the annual American Music Awards show, Clark suffered a stroke in December 2004. With speech ability still impaired, Clark returned to his New Years Rockin Eve show a year later on December 31,2005, subsequently, he appeared at the 58th Primetime Emmy Awards in 2006, and every New Years Rockin Eve show through the 2011–12 show. Clark died on April 18,2012 of an attack at the age of 82 following a medical procedure. Clark was born and raised in Mount Vernon, New York, to Richard Augustus Clark and his only sibling, older brother Bradley, was killed in the Battle of the Bulge during World War II. Clark attended A. B. Davis High School in Mount Vernon, at age 10, Clark decided to pursue a career in radio. In pursuit of that goal, he attended Syracuse University in Syracuse, New York, graduating in 1951 with a degree in advertising, while at Syracuse, he was a member of Delta Kappa Epsilon fraternity. In 1945, Clark began his working in the mailroom at WRUN, an AM radio station in Rome, New York. Almost immediately, he was asked to fill in for the vacationing weatherman, while attending Syracuse, Clark worked at WOLF-AM, then a country music station. After graduation, he returned to WRUN for a time where he went by the name Dick Clay. After that, Clark got a job at the television station WKTV in Utica and his first television-hosting job was on Cactus Dick and the Santa Fe Riders, a country-music program. He would later replace Robert Earle as a newscaster, Clark was principal in pro broadcasters operator of 1440 KPRO in Riverside, California, from 1962 to 1982. In the 1960s, he was owner of KGUD AM/FM in Santa Barbara, in 1952, Clark moved to Drexel Hill, Pennsylvania, a suburb of Philadelphia, where he took a job as a disc jockey at radio station WFIL, adopting the Dick Clark handle
26.
The Fillmore
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The Fillmore is a historic music venue in San Francisco, California, made famous by Bill Graham. It is situated in the center of the Western Addition neighborhood, on the edge of the Fillmore District. From the 1930s through the 1960s, before redevelopment, this location was considered the heart of the San Francisco Fillmore District, Graham also opened a Fillmore East in New York City in March,1968. In July,1968, he opened a venue in San Francisco under the same brand. Formerly known as The Carousel Ballroom at Market Street and South Van Ness Avenue, the building which became The Fillmore was built in 1912 and initially housed the Majestic Hall and Academy of Dancing. Its name was changed in 1936 to the Ambassador Dance Hall, from 1939 to 1952 it operated as the Ambassador Roller Skating Rink. In 1954 Charles Sullivan, one of the most successful African-American businessmen in San Francisco at the time, started booking bands and renamed the venue The Fillmore Auditorium. In December 1965, Sullivan let Bill Graham use his dance hall permit to book a benefit for the San Francisco Mime Troupe, Sullivan was murdered in November 1966 at the age of 57. Conceived by Andy Warhol, Danny Williams and using some of film maker Jonas Mekass ideas, at Bill Grahams request Danny Williams soon came back to the Fillmore to build more. These innovations were to part of the Fillmore Auditoriums prestige and image and were also used at the Fillmore East and Fillmore West venues. Besides rock, Graham also featured non-rock acts such as Lenny Bruce, Miles Davis, Rahsaan Roland Kirk, Charles Lloyd, Aretha Franklin, the Grateful Dead were regulars at The Fillmore, having played a total of 51 concerts from 1965 through 1969. Also, B. B. B. B. King subsequently became a counter-cultural icon appearing at many rock festivals, the venue had a legendary ambience as well as the stellar performances, often with swirling light-show projections, strobe lights and uninhibited dancing. The cultural impact of the Fillmore was very large and it is referenced by Hunter S. Thompson in Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas in a description of the counterculture of the 1960s in the San Francisco Bay area. The original Fillmore location became a venue called The Elite Club, for several years in the early 1980s, punk promoter Paul Rat booked punk rock shows at this venue. Punk bands that performed at The Elite Club include Bad Religion, Black Flag, Bad Brains, flipper, Gang of Four, and Public Image Ltd. The Fillmore reopened under Grahams management in the mid-1980s, but it was damaged and closed by the Loma Prieta earthquake of October 1989. After Graham died in a crash in 1991, those close to him decided to carry out his final wish to retrofit and reopen the original Fillmore. The Fillmore reopened on April 27,1994, with the band The Smashing Pumpkins playing a surprise show
27.
The Avalon
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The Avalon Ballroom was a music venue in the Polk Gulch neighborhood of San Francisco, California, at 1244 Sutter Street. The space operated from 1966 to 1969, at the height of the counterculture movement, the building that housed the Avalon Ballroom was built in 1911 and was originally called the Colin Traver Academy of Dance. The Avalon was founded by Robert E. Cohen, impresario Chet Helms and his production company, Family Dog Productions. Bands were frequently booked to perform at the Avalon on Thursday, Friday and Saturday, extraordinary posters advertising each event were produced by psychedelic artists, including Rick Griffin, Stanley Mouse, Alton Kelley and Victor Moscoso. A classic Liquid light show was provided by Diogenes Lantern Works. In the 1960s, at the Avalon, two bands typically performed two sets during the beginning at about nine oclock. The Grateful Dead played at the Avalon 29 times from 1966 through 1969,2 tracks of their famous Live/Dead album were also recorded there in early 1969, The Eleven and Turn On Your Love Light. The Avalon occupied the two top floors of the building at 1268 Sutter. The entrance doors were downstairs, and opened onto Sutter Street, the Family Dog, at 2125 Pine Street was a hippie commune, which hosted dances and events, eight blocks from the Avalon, frequented by Helms and his friends. The Avalon was not as large as the Winterland Ballroom or The Fillmore, however, the Avalon had the capacity of up to 500. The ballroom was 80 to 100 ft by 160 to 180 feet and this area included the stage, which was 40 to 50 feet wide. The dance floor could accommodate several hundred dancers, an omnipresent light show was created by several local lighting companies. The Avalon lost its lease in November 1968, Cohen and Helms moved on to other pursuits — Helms became an art dealer, while still occasionally producing concerts. Cohen went on to form the national touring company, Bob Cohen Sound, that would tour with many former Avalon acts. The space was converted in 1968 to the Regency II Movie Theater, the neighboring building, known as the Regency I Movie Theater was formerly the Regency Ballroom. The venue Produced 70 plus concerts between 2003 and 2006, the former Avalon Ballroom was later used as the offices for fabric design company American Pacific Linens. In 2012 it became the headquarters of the internet company Wantful. com, the entire former ballroom space was renovated. Starting in August 2013, the building was used as the residence and principal filming location for The Real World, as of early 2016 The Avalon is now the office of the ad agency Argonaut
28.
Counterculture
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A counterculture is a subculture whose values and norms of behavior differ substantially from those of mainstream society, often in opposition to mainstream cultural mores. A countercultural movement expresses the ethos and aspirations of a population during a well-defined era. When oppositional forces reach critical mass, countercultures can trigger dramatic cultural changes, John Milton Yinger originated the term contraculture in his 1960 article in American Sociological Review. Some scholars have attributed the counterculture to Theodore Roszak, author of The Making of a Counter Culture and it became prominent in the news media amid the social revolution that swept the Americas, Western Europe, Japan, Australia, and New Zealand during the 1960s. Scholars differ in the characteristics and specificity they attribute to counterculture, mainstream culture is of course also difficult to define, and in some ways becomes identified and understood through contrast with counterculture. Counterculture might oppose mass culture, or middle-class culture and values, Counterculture is sometimes conceptualized in terms of generational conflict and rejection of older or adult values. Counterculture may or may not be explicitly political and it typically involves criticism or rejection of currently powerful institutions, with accompanying hope for a better life or a new society. It does not look favorably on party politics or authoritarianism, typically, a fringe culture expands and grows into a counterculture by defining its own values in opposition to mainstream norms. Countercultures tend to peak, then go into decline, leaving an impact on mainstream cultural values. Their life cycles include phases of rejection, growth, partial acceptance, during the late 1960s, hippies became the largest and most visible countercultural group in the United States. The cultural shadows left by the Romantics, Bohemians, Beats, the counterculture of the 1960s and early 1970s generated its own unique brand of notable literature, including comics and cartoons, and sometimes referred to as the underground press. In the United States, this includes the work of Robert Crumb and Gilbert Shelton, another such hippie/anarchist bookshop was Mushroom Books, tucked away in the Lace Market area of Nottingham. Some genres tend to challenge societies with their content that is meant to question the norms within cultures. More often than not, sources of these controversies can be found in art such as Marcel Duchamp whose piece Fountain was meant to be an attack on the most basic conventions of art in 1917. Instead of being a topic to fear, they have initiated subtle trends that other artists, in order to achieve such liberation, consciousness raising and direct action were employed. At the outset of the 20th century, homosexual acts were punishable offenses in these countries, the prevailing public attitude was that homosexuality was a moral failing that should be punished, as exemplified by Oscar Wildes 1895 trial and imprisonment for gross indecency. But even then, there were dissenting views, according to Charles Kaisers The Gay Metropolis, there were already semi-public gay-themed gatherings by the mid-1930s in the United States. There were also bars and bathhouses that catered to gay clientele, but homosexuality was typically subsumed into bohemian culture, and was not a significant movement in itself
29.
LSD
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Lysergic acid diethylamide, also known as acid, is a psychedelic drug known for its psychological effects. This may include altered awareness of the surroundings, perceptions, and feelings as well as sensations and it is used mainly as a recreational drug and for spiritual reasons. LSD is typically either swallowed or held under the tongue and it is often sold on blotter paper, a sugar cube, or gelatin. However, adverse reactions such as anxiety, paranoia. LSD is in the ergoline family, LSD is sensitive to oxygen, ultraviolet light, and chlorine, though it may last for years if it is stored away from light and moisture at low temperature. In pure form it is odorless and clear or white in color, as little as 20–30 micrograms can produce an effect. LSD was first made by Albert Hofmann in Switzerland in 1938 from ergotamine, the laboratory name for the compound was the acronym for the German Lyserg-säure-diäthylamid, followed by a sequential number, LSD-25. Hofmann discovered its properties in 1943. LSD was introduced as a medication under the trade-name Delysid for various psychiatric uses in 1947. In the 1950s, officials at the U. S, Central Intelligence Agency thought the drug might be useful for mind control and chemical warfare and tested the drug on young servicemen and students, and others without their knowledge. The subsequent recreational use by youth culture in the Western world as part of 1960s counterculture resulted in its prohibition, LSD currently has no approved uses in medicine. LSD is commonly used as a recreational drug, LSD is considered an entheogen because it can catalyze intense spiritual experiences, during which users may feel they have come into contact with a greater spiritual or cosmic order. Users sometimes report out of body experiences, in 1966, Timothy Leary established the League for Spiritual Discovery with LSD as its sacrament. LSD can cause pupil dilation, reduced appetite, and wakefulness, other physical reactions to LSD are highly variable and nonspecific, some of which may be secondary to the psychological effects of LSD. The most common immediate psychological effects of LSD are visual hallucinations and illusions, trips usually start within 20–30 minutes of taking LSD by mouth, peak three to four hours after ingestion, and last up to 12 hours. It is impossible to predict when a bad trip will occur, some users, including Albert Hofmann, report a strong metallic taste for the duration of the effects. LSD causes an animated experience of senses, emotions, memories, time. Generally beginning within 30 to 90 minutes after ingestion, the user may experience anything from subtle changes in perception to overwhelming cognitive shifts, changes in auditory and visual perception are typical
30.
Quicksilver Messenger Service
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Quicksilver Messenger Service is an American psychedelic rock band formed in 1965 in San Francisco. They were most famous for their biggest hit, the single Fresh Air, though not as commercially successful as contemporaries Jefferson Airplane and The Grateful Dead, Quicksilver was integral to the beginnings of their genre. With their jazz and classical influences and a strong folk background, member Dino Valenti drew heavily on musical influences he picked up during the folk revival of his formative musical years. The style he developed from these sources is evident in Quicksilver Messenger Services swung rhythms, after many years, the band has attempted to reform despite the deaths of several members. Recently, original members Gary Duncan and David Freiberg have been touring as the Quicksilver Messenger Service, there is some confusion as to the real origins of the group. According to John Cipollina, It was Valenti who organized the group, I can remember everything Dino said. We were all going to have wireless guitars and we were going to have leather jackets made with hooks that we could hook these wireless instruments right into. And Im sitting there going, This guy is gonna happen and were set the world on its ear. The next day, Valenti was arrested for possession of marijuana, but Gary Duncan notes, That’s the story Cipollina told everybody. But according to Dino, that wasn’t the case at all, when he’d been looking for a band, he’d talked to Cipollina, and everybody somehow put two and two together. He actually lived with us when he got out of prison, Well, when his own career didn’t do so well, he had more interest in playing in Quicksilver. The next day Dino got busted, David Freiberg, a folk-guitarist friend of Valentis, was recruited to the group. He had previously been in a band with Paul Kantner and David Crosby but like Cipollina he had been arrested and we were to take care of this guy Freiberg, Cipollina recalled, and though they had never met before, Freiberg was integrated into the group. The band also added Skip Spence on guitar and began to rehearse at Marty Balins club, Balin, in search of a drummer for the band he was organizing, convinced Spence to switch instruments and groups. To make up for poaching Spence, Balin suggested that they contact drummer Greg Elmore and guitarist–singer Gary Duncan and this new version of the group played its first concert performance in December 1965, playing for the Christmas party of the Committee. Drummer Greg Elmore and guitarists George Quick, and Jim Murray were added to fill out the original band and it was a band without a name, Cipollina recalled, Jim Murray and David Freiberg came up with the name. Me and Freiberg were born on the day, and Gary and Greg were born on the same day, we were all Virgos. And Virgos and Geminis are all ruled by the planet Mercury, another name for Mercury is Quicksilver
31.
The Great Society (band)
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For the political action of President Johnson, see Great Society. The Great Society was a 1960s San Francisco rock band that existed from 1965 to 1966, miner and DuPont would not remain with the band for the duration of its existence. In the late summer of 1965, Grace, Darby, and Jerry were inspired by The Beatles to start their own group, Grace has also said that seeing Jefferson Airplane perform for the first time was an influence as well. The band made its debut at the Coffee Gallery in San Franciscos North Beach neighborhood on October 15,1965, the band released only one single during its lifetime, the Darby Slick-penned Someone to Love. The single was issued in February 1966 on Autumn Records tiny Northbeach subsidiary label and made little impact outside of the Bay Area. While signed to Autumn Records, the worked with the labels staff producer, Sylvester Stewart, who at the time was still in the process of forming his own band, Sly. Purportedly, Stewart would eventually walk out as the producer after it took The Great Society over fifty takes to record a version of the song Free Advice that was suitable for release. Momentum for the band began to build as they started opening for Jefferson Airplane and other local bands. However, by the time the contract arrived in the mail, since Grace had been both the visual and musical focal point, the band could not survive without her and disbanded in the fall of 1966. Grace and Jerry Slick would soon divorce as well, the Airplane recorded Someone to Love and Graces own White Rabbit for Surrealistic Pillow. Both songs were released as singles in 1967, reaching No.5, to capitalize on Graces fame with the Airplane, Columbia Records released tapes of live performances by The Great Society, on the 1968 albums Conspicuous Only in its Absence and How It Was. All of those performances were recorded at The Matrix, a nightclub in the Cow Hollow neighborhood of San Francisco. These two albums were repackaged as a double LP titled Collectors Item in 1971. This double album has been issued twice on CD, once by Edsel Records in 1989, in 1995 Sundazed Records released the Born to Be Burned compilation, featuring both sides of the bands debut single along with a number of previously unreleased studio recordings. The Great Society was a name for musical groups in the 1960s, due to the popularity of the term as used by the then President of the United States. Johnsons administration for his Great Society, on one occasion, in Fort Worth, Texas, The Great Society and a similarly named four-man group performed on opposite sides of the city on the same evening. Someone to Love/Free Advice February 1966 Sally, Go Round The Roses/Didnt Think So 1968 Notes Sources Slick, dont You Want Somebody to Love, Reflections on the San Francisco Sound
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Grace Slick
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Her music career spanned four decades, and involved the Great Society, Jefferson Airplane, Jefferson Starship, and Starship, as well as a sporadic solo career. Slick provided vocals on a number of songs, including Somebody to Love, White Rabbit, We Built This City. Grace Barnett Wing was born October 30,1939, in Highland Park, Illinois, to Ivan W. Wing, of Norwegian and Swedish descent, and Virginia and her parents met while they were both students at the University of Washington, and later married. In 1949, her brother Chris was born, Wing attended Palo Alto Senior High School before switching to Castilleja High School, a private all-girls school in Palo Alto. Following graduation, she attended Finch College in New York City from 1957 to 1958, Slick also started composing music, including a contribution to a short film by Jerry Slick. In August 1965, Slick read an article in the San Francisco Chronicle about the newly formed Jefferson Airplane, despite being situated in the growing musical center of San Francisco, Slick only half-heartedly considered it for a profession until she watched the band live at The Matrix. As a result, Slick, accompanied by husband Jerry Slick, Jerrys brother Darby Slick, and David Miner formed a group called the Great Society, a play on the social reform program of the same name. On October 15,1965, the band made its performance at a venue known as the Coffee Gallery. Although Slick was a contributor to the Great Societys original material. By late 1965, they had become an attraction in the Bay Area. Between October and December 1965, the Great Society entered Golden Studios, one single emerged from the demos, the Darby Slick-penned Someone to Love b/w Free Advice on the locally based Autumn Records subsidiary label North Beach. Grace Slick supplied vocals, guitar, piano, and recorder and that autumn, Jefferson Airplanes singer Signe Toly Anderson left the band to raise her child, and Jack Casady asked Slick to join them. Slick stated that she joined the Airplane because it was run in a professional manner, with Slick on board, the Airplane began recording new music, and they turned in a more psychedelic direction from their former folk-rock style. Surrealistic Pillow included new recordings of White Rabbit and Somebody to Love, Jefferson Airplane became one of the most popular bands in the country and earned Slick a position as one of the most prominent female rock musicians of her time. In 1968, Slick performed Crown of Creation on The Smothers Brothers Comedy Hour in blackface, in an appearance on a 1969 episode of the Dick Cavett Show, she became the first person to say motherfucker on live television during a performance of We Can Be Together. Manhole also featured keyboardist/bassist Pete Sears, who joined the original Jefferson Starship in 1974. Sears and Slick penned several early Jefferson Starship songs together, including Hyperdrive, the song Do It the Hard Way from Dreams is one example of Slicks music at the time. Slick was nicknamed The Chrome Nun by David Crosby, who used the nickname Baron von Tollbooth for Kantner
33.
Moby Grape
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They were one of the few groups of which all members were lead vocalists. The group continues to perform occasionally, Moby Grapes success was significantly impeded by decades-long legal disputes with their former manager, Matthew Katz. Legal difficulties originated shortly after the formation, when Katz insisted that an additional provision be added to his management contract. At the time, various members were indebted to Katz. Despite objecting, group members signed, based in part on an impression there would be no further financial support from Katz unless they did so. Neil Young, then of Buffalo Springfield, was in the room at the time, and kept his head down, playing his guitar, according to Peter Lewis, I think Neil knew, even then, that was the end. We had bought into this process that we should have better than to buy into. It was also a settlement made at a time when Bob Mosley, Moby Grape could have had it all, but they ended up with nothing, and less. The group was formed in late 1966 in San Francisco, at the instigation of Skip Spence, Katz encouraged Spence to form a band similar to Jefferson Airplane, with varied songwriting and vocal work by several group members, and with Katz as the manager. According to band member Peter Lewis, Matthew brought the spirit of conflict into the band and he didnt want it to be an equal partnership. The band name, judicially determined to have been chosen by Bob Mosley and Spence, came from the line of the joke Whats purple. Lead guitarist Jerry Miller and drummer Don Stevenson joined guitarist Peter Lewis, bassist Bob Mosley, Jerry Miller and Don Stevenson had moved The Frantics from Seattle to San Francisco after a 1965 meeting with Jerry Garcia, then playing with The Warlocks at a bar in Belmont, California. Garcia encouraged them to move to San Francisco, once The Frantics were settled in San Francisco, Mosley joined the band. The other major three-guitar band at the time was Buffalo Springfield, Moby Grapes music has been described by Geoffrey Parr as follows, No rock and roll group has been able to use a guitar trio as effectively as Moby Grape did on Moby Grape. Spence played a rhythm guitar that really sticks out throughout the album. Lewis, meanwhile, was a good guitar player overall and was excellent at finger picking. And then there is Miller, The way they crafted their parts, the guitars are like a collage of sound that makes perfect sense. All band members wrote songs and sang lead and backup vocals for their debut album Moby Grape, Mosley, Lewis, and Spence generally wrote alone, while Miller and Stevenson generally wrote together
34.
Easter Everywhere
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Easter Everywhere is the second studio album by the American psychedelic rock band the 13th Floor Elevators. It was released in November 1967, through record label International Artists, for a long time, the album was a hard-to-find collectors item, until being re-released as a CD by Collectables Records in 1993. The album features the distinctive sound on songs ranging from their own psychedelic Slip Inside this House to a trippy cover of Bob Dylans Its All Over Now. Levitation ranks among the bands most iconic songs, with its Tommy Hall-penned lyrics and its twisted blues sensibilities, as on the previous album, Tommy Halls electric jug is prominent in the music. Easter Everywhere was packaged with lyrics printed on the sleeve, gold ink on the cover. The packaging was quite expensive at the time, in 2009, the original mono version and a new, alternate stereo version were released as part of the Sign of the 3-Eyed Men box set. Both versions featured different bonus tracks, some that were previously unreleased, the mono version contains missing electric jug overdubs on some tracks that the stereo mix does not have. In 2010, Charly re-released this album in mono and stereo together in a limited edition CD set featuring Fire in My Bones, the mono mix offers a more solid sound throughout, with a notably heavier bass mix compared to stereo. There are also some differences, the jug on She Lives is far more prominent, Levitation has a double tracked vocal. Line notes to The 13th Floor Elevators - Easter Everywhere, Charly Records
35.
Bob Dylan
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Bob Dylan is an American songwriter, singer, painter, and writer. He has been influential in music and culture for more than five decades. Much of his most celebrated work dates from the 1960s, when his songs chronicled social unrest, early songs such as Blowin in the Wind and The Times They Are a-Changin became anthems for the Civil Rights Movement and anti-war movement. Leaving behind his initial base in the American folk music revival, his six-minute single Like a Rolling Stone, recorded in 1965, Dylans lyrics incorporate a wide range of political, social, philosophical, and literary influences. They defied existing pop music conventions and appealed to the burgeoning counterculture, initially inspired by the performances of Little Richard and the songwriting of Woody Guthrie, Robert Johnson, and Hank Williams, Dylan has amplified and personalized musical genres. Dylan performs with guitar, keyboards, and harmonica, backed by a changing lineup of musicians, he has toured steadily since the late 1980s on what has been dubbed the Never Ending Tour. His accomplishments as a recording artist and performer have been central to his career, since 1994, Dylan has published seven books of drawings and paintings, and his work has been exhibited in major art galleries. As a musician, Dylan has sold more than 100 million records and he has also received numerous awards including eleven Grammy Awards, a Golden Globe Award, and an Academy Award. Dylan has been inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, Minnesota Music Hall of Fame, Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame, and Songwriters Hall of Fame. The Pulitzer Prize jury in 2008 awarded him a citation for his profound impact on popular music and American culture. In May 2012, Dylan received the Presidential Medal of Freedom from President Barack Obama, in 2016, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature for having created new poetic expressions within the great American song tradition. Bob Dylan was born Robert Allen Zimmerman in St. Marys Hospital on May 24,1941, in Duluth, Minnesota and he has a younger brother, David. Dylans paternal grandparents, Zigman and Anna Zimmerman, emigrated from Odessa, in the Russian Empire and his maternal grandparents, Ben and Florence Stone, were Lithuanian Jews who arrived in the United States in 1902. Dylans father, Abram Zimmerman – an electric-appliance shop owner – and mother, Beatrice Beatty Stone, were part of a small, close-knit Jewish community. They lived in Duluth until Robert was six, when his father had polio and the returned to his mothers hometown, Hibbing. In his early years he listened to the radio—first to blues and country stations from Shreveport, Louisiana, and later and he formed several bands while attending Hibbing High School. In the Golden Chords, he performed covers of songs by Little Richard and their performance of Danny & the Juniors Rock and Roll Is Here to Stay at their high school talent show was so loud that the principal cut the microphone. In 1959, his high school yearbook carried the caption Robert Zimmerman, the same year, as Elston Gunnn, he performed two dates with Bobby Vee, playing piano and clapping
36.
It's All Over Now, Baby Blue
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Its All Over Now, Baby Blue is a song written and performed by Bob Dylan and featured on his Bringing It All Back Home album, released on March 22,1965 by Columbia Records. The song was recorded on January 15,1965 with Dylans acoustic guitar and harmonica, the lyrics were heavily influenced by Symbolist poetry and bid farewell to the titular Baby Blue. There has been speculation about the real life identity of Baby Blue, with suspects including Joan Baez, David Blue, Paul Clayton, Dylans folk music audience. Thems version, released in 1966 influenced garage bands during the mid-60s, the Byrds recorded the song twice in 1965 as a possible follow up single to Mr. Tambourine Man and All I Really Want to Do, but neither recording was released in that form. The Byrds did release a 1969 recording of the song on their Ballad of Easy Rider album, Bob Dylan most likely wrote Its All Over Now, Baby Blue in January 1965. The master take of the song was recorded during the sessions for the Bringing It All Back Home album on January 15,1965 and was produced by Tom Wilson. The track was recorded on the same day Dylan recorded the three songs on side 2 of the album, Mr. Tambourine Man, Gates of Eden. However, Dylan had been playing those songs live for some time. For Its All Over Now, Baby Blue, Dylan wanted to record the song before he became too familiar with it, There were at least two studio recordings prior to the one that was released on the album. Dylan recorded an acoustic version on January 13,1965. The version of the song on the album is arranged with Dylan accompanying himself on acoustic guitar and harmonica. Author Clinton Heylin states that the song is another of Dylans go out in the real songs, like To Ramona, though less conciliatory – the tone is crueler. As well as being the track on Bringing It All Back Home, Its All Over Now. Like other Dylan songs of the period, such as Chimes of Freedom and Mr. Tambourine Man, lines such as take what you have gathered from coincidence reflect the I Ching philosophy that coincidence represents more than mere chance. The song was described by Q magazine as, The most toxic of strummed kiss-offs, with not a snowballs chance in hell of reconciliation. Dylan, later describing the song, said that I had carried that song around in my head for a time and I remember that when I was writing it. It had always been one of my favorites, Baby Blue, when first I met my baby/she said how do you do/she looked into my eyes and said/my name is Baby Blue. It was one of the songs I used to sing back in high school, of course, I was singing about a different Baby Blue
37.
Janis Joplin
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She died of an accidental drug overdose in 1970, aged 27, after releasing three albums. A fourth album, Pearl, was released a more than three months after her death, reaching number 1 on the charts. Joplin rose to fame in 1967 during an appearance at Monterey Pop Festival, as the singer of the then little-known San Francisco psychedelic rock band Big Brother. After releasing two albums with the band, she left Big Brother to continue as a solo artist with her own backing groups, first the Kozmic Blues Band and she appeared at the Woodstock festival and the Festival Express train tour. Five singles by Joplin went into the Billboard Top 100, including Me and Bobby McGee, which reached number 1 in March 1971. Her most popular include, Piece of My Heart, Cry Baby, Down on Me, Ball n Chain, Summertime, Maybe, and Mercedes Benz. Joplin, who was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1995, was known for her performing ability. Audiences and critics alike referred to her presence as electric. Rolling Stone ranked Joplin number 46 on its 2004 list of the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time and she remains one of the top-selling musicians in the United States, with Recording Industry Association of America certifications of 15.5 million albums sold in the USA. Janis Lyn Joplin was born in Port Arthur, Texas, on January 19,1943, to Dorothy Bonita East, a registrar at a college, and her husband, Seth Ward Joplin. She had two siblings, Michael and Laura. The family attended the Church of Christ, the Joplins felt that Janis needed more attention than their other children. Primarily a painter while still in school, she first began singing blues and she attended Thomas Jefferson High School, where she was a classmate of Super Bowl winning American football coach Jimmy Johnson. She stated while in school, that she was mostly shunned. Joplin was quoted as saying, I was a misfit, I read, I painted, I thought. As a teen, she became overweight, and her skin broke out so badly she was left deep scars that required dermabrasion. Other kids at school would routinely taunt her and call her names like pig, freak, nigger lover. The campus newspaper, The Daily Texan, ran a profile of her in the issue dated July 27,1962, while at UT she performed with a folk trio called the Waller Creek Boys and frequently socialized with the staff of the campus humor magazine The Texas Ranger
38.
Psychiatric hospital
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Psychiatric hospitals vary widely in their size and grading. Some hospitals may specialize only in short-term or outpatient therapy for low-risk patients, others may specialize in the temporary or permanent care of residents who, as a result of a psychological disorder, require routine assistance, treatment, or a specialized and controlled environment. Patients are often admitted on a basis, but people whom psychiatrists believe may pose a significant danger to themselves or others may be subject to involuntary commitment. Psychiatric hospitals may also be referred to as psychiatric wards when they are a subunit of a regular hospital, modern psychiatric hospitals evolved from, and eventually replaced the older lunatic asylums. The treatment of inmates in early lunatic asylums was sometimes brutal, a crisis stabilization unit is in effect an emergency room for psychiatry, frequently dealing with suicidal, violent, or otherwise critical individuals. Open units are units that are not as secure as crisis stabilization units. Another type of hospital is medium term, which provides care lasting several weeks. In the United Kingdom, both admissions and medium term care is usually provided on acute admissions wards. Juvenile or adolescent wards are sections of psychiatric hospitals or psychiatric wards set aside for children or adolescents with mental illness, long-term care facilities have the goal of treatment and rehabilitation back into society within a short time-frame. Another institution for the mentally ill is a halfway house. Modern psychiatric hospitals evolved from, and eventually replaced the older lunatic asylums, the development of the modern psychiatric hospital is also the story of the rise of organized, institutional psychiatry. It greatly differed from the view in which the insane were viewed as under the influence of the Devil therefore needing to be isolated from society. The first psychiatric hospital was built by the Muslims in Baghdad in 705 AD, others would rapidly follow, with some of the more famous ones being built in Cairo in 800 AD and in Damascus in 1270 AD. The physicians of the Islamic world would invent and use a variety of treatments, including occupational therapy, music therapy, as well as medication. Western Europe would adopt these views later on with the advances of physicians like Philippe Pinel at the Bicêtre Hospital in France and they advocated the viewing of mental illness as a disorder that required compassionate treatment that would aid in the rehabilitation of the victim. The arrival in the Western world of institutionalisation as a solution to the problem of madness was very much an event of the nineteenth century, nine counties first applied, the first public asylum opening in 1812 in Nottinghamshire. In 1828, the newly appointed Commissioners in Lunacy were empowered to license and supervise private asylums, the Lunacy Act 1845 made the construction of asylums in every country compulsory with regular inspections on behalf of the Home Secretary. The Act required asylums to have written regulations and to have a resident physician, at the beginning of the nineteenth century there were a few thousand sick people housed in a variety of disparate institutions throughout England, but by 1900 that figure had grown to about 100,000
